VOL. XXXXI.
THE MODERN STORE'S
Shopping List of Christmas Gifts
Something for Father, Mother, Sister,
Brorher, Sweetheart, Friend, Etc.
The Largest and Best Assortment Ever Shown.
We Can Make Shopping Easy and Save You Money.
Come in Look Through Our Extensive Stock.
"Bonny Blossom," The Shetland Pony, j
is now the talk of the town. Every child wants this
pretty pet. Positively given away day after New
Year's. See circulars for particulars.
Mark on this list what you would like to see; then
come in we will be pleased to show you through every
department. We have the largest stock ever shown in
this store.
For Ladies and Girls
Handkerchiefs Fancy Stock Collars Fine Far Scarfs
Kid Gloves Woolen Gloves Silk Umbrellas
Fancy Hcee, 36c to $8 00 per pair for fine silk.
Fancy muslin Underwear put np in matched sets of 4 pieces in box
Fine Underwear SiJk Dress Patterns Wool Dress Patterns R
Silk Shirt Waist Pat'na Wool Shirt Waist Pat'ns Ladies' Sweaters I
Shirtwaists Walking Skirts Silk Underskirts
Legging Fascinators Fancy Garters
Table Cloths Napkins Fine Linen Towels
Gold Hat Pina Sterling Silver Novelties Gold Brooches
Belt Pins Rings Belt Buckles
Waist Sets Beits Fancy Combs
Fancy Boxes Handkerchief Boxes Glove Boxes
Work Boxes
Brush and Comb Seta (Silver, Stag and Ebony)
Manicnre Sets (Silver, Btag and Ebony)
Pictures Vases Fancy Plates
Silver Bonnet Brushes Leather Hand Bags Fancy Neck Ribbons
Fancy Lace Collars Sterling Silver Scissors Mirrors
Fine New Hats at about half price
For Children and Infants
Kid Gloves and Mitts Woolen Gloves & Mitta Leggins
Dolls Handkerchiefs Sweaters
Far Sets Infant's Sacques Infant's Bootees
Infant's Caps Infant's Cloake Infant's Kid Shoes
Infant's Cashmere Hope Infant's Crib Blankets [white, pink, blue]
Infant's Dresses Infant's Brush and Comb Sets
For Men and Boys
Shirte (white & colored) Kid Gloves Woolen Gloves
Far Gloves Neckties (all kinds) Mufflers
Way's Mnffletts Fancy Socks Silk Umbrellas
Ha'chiefs (silk Sf linen) Fine Underwear Fancy Night Shirts
Pajamas Leather Snit Cases Silk Suspender;
Wool Sweater*. See the new Brown Sweaters for
Full Dress Shirt Protectors Collars Gaff's
Collar and Cuff Boxes Brush and Comb Sets Shaving Sets
Tie Boxes Handkerchief Boxes Smoking Sets
Hair Brushes (Silver, Stag or Ebony) Cloth Brushes (Silver, Stag or " bony)
Bilver Bandied Whisk Brooms Silver Handled Hat Brushes
Cuff Battons Scarf Pins Watch Fobs
Match fyxes Lunch Boxes
Oar Men's department is stocked with all the newest ani} best in
above lines. All marked at very lowest prices for reliable goods.
Oar Doll Display in basement is attracting much attention by «sH»on
of the beautiful life-like facas and features. Unlike most dolls. Prices
range from 10c to $5.00 Both dressed and undressed.
EISLER-MARDORF CONP AN Y,
south mahi strut | QfVf
f Send in Your Mail Orders,
OPPOSITE HOTEL ARLINGTON, BUTLER. PA.
ag><pmo»g»olliqiogiliiliaTOgHWKl§iggio^gf
[[ Fall and Winter Millinery. I
ji - Arrival §f a large line of §tr*et Hats, TaUaMnade 3;
fand ready-to-weaV Hats. All the new ideas and 3;
designs in Millinery Novelties. Trimmed and Un- 2?
trimmed Hats for Ladies, Misses and Children. All 3;
the new things in Wings, Pom-pons; Feathers, 3;
i I Ostrich Goods, etc, etc.
]| Rockensteln's I
X w «*0 »
»; Milli*\ery Emporium,!
Pa.
E X
EDytH Bros., g
NEAR COURT HOUSE X
rmous Line ot. Fancy Holiday Goods—Toilet Cases, X
mg Sets, Albums, Framed Pictures, etc. X
rOU ARB WELCOME TO LOOK AHOUNH, X
We sell late copyright Qction at #l.l*B, X
I
NEAR COURT HOUSE. X
>OOOOOOPOOOOOOOOOOOOO<K
A Big 1 Purchase of
Jewelry Samples
From large manufacturers at less thau
cost of making.
Sale begins 9 o'clock Saturday morn
ing, December 10th, and will continue
until Christmas.
This pqrehase includes a large assort
ment of Gents' and Ladies Watches,
Rings, Brooches, Scarf Pins, Fobs,
Chains, Cuft Buttons, Beads, Pins,
hundreds of other piece*.
Send for catalogue.
Ralston & Smith,
W. E. Ralston,
110 W. Jefferson Street, Butler, Pa.
TIIE BUTLER CITIZEN.
0 Say, Xmas is Near! S
li YOU WILL BUY SOMETHING
1 Useful for the Home ►;
« ►!
fA This store has the kind of Useful Presents
that lasts for years. Why not buy Furniture? f a
WA Our stock is large and assortment fine. Better M
take a look at us before buying. Fi
HOW About A Rocking Chair
One of the most useful and pleasing articles of the N
Fm home. Never can have too many comfortable Rock- p
ing Chairs. We are showing at least 100 different
patterns —all kinds—inexpensive —at $2.00, 2.50, »
3.00,3.50 —comfortable —durable. Parior Chairs — [4
14 polished—odd patterns at $5.00, 6.00 up to 10 00. •
Fine Leather Rockers for sl2 to 20.00. M
\\ PARLOR TABLES [j
We are sho.ving a large assortment. Neat polish- |M
ed patterns in small sizes at $1.50, 2.00 and up to P& ;
5.00. The better ones —in mahogany and oak from
1 SB.OO to 20.00. -
ODD PARLOR PIECES W
In gilt, oak, mahogany—artistic pieces to tone up y
—make home look beautiful —inexpensive, if you
wish, or more elaborate, as you please. W
Music Cabinets here from $8 00 to $25.00. k
WRITING DESKS for the Ladies—in oak or ma- M
hogany —bird's eye maple —from $5.00 to 15.00. P
How about a fine Bug or Carpet for your best &
room? We have them. Va
CQMETN r ANDCOMPAR li
BROWN Sc CO. fi
No. 136 North Main St., Butler.
fKelsey, Crown, Boomer 1
furnaces, I
IP ; fip
IIBr §
Coal and Slacl< Heaters, Gas and Coalß
Hanges and Gas Stoves. 1904 Washers,!
Sowing Needles for all maizes ofß
B Sewing Machines. Sewing repaired.®
B Roofing and Spouting, and House Furnishing Goods, ft
I Henry Biehl, 1
8 132 N. Main St. Peo 'l'lione 4(»4. [
The Great Sacrifice Sale
of Clothing, Men's and Boys' Furnishing Goods, Hats and
Caps is still going on.
Owing to the dissolution of the firm of Schaul & Nast, prices
on all goods in the store have been slashed regardless of cost.
The following are a few of the many bargains we have to offer you:
Men's fine all wool, black and blue, Kersey VR QQ
Overcoats, regular price sls, sale price yv l/O
Men's Oxford, black, very dressy, Overcoats, VA A.Q.
regular price $lO and sl2, sale price
Men's very fine English Rain Coats, <lllll OP*
regular price S2O, sale price IU.IO
Men's fine Hodgmans Alexombrlce Rain and QQ
Storm Overcoats, regular price $lB, sale price «Pv/\>U
Men's heavy Rain and Storm Overcoats, d*r nr
regular price $9 and $lO, sale price «PO.£D
118 pair of Men's and Boys' heavy Cassimere QQn
Pants, reguiar price $2, sale price v/uC
389 pair Boys' Knee Pants (all wool) sizes 3 QGr*
to 16, regular price 75c, sale price Ov/C
All we ask is for the reader of this advertisement to stop
in the store and be convinced that we make good all we ad
vertise. No trouble to show goods.
schaul,
SUCCESSOR TO SCHAUL & NAST,
137 South Main Street. Butler, Pa.
K E C K [ |
[h] Merchant Tailor. Jg
Fall and Winter Suitings
() JUST ARRIVED. ( }
w 142 North Main St. vy
K E C K
Ll i i
BUTLER, PA., THURSDAY, DECEMBER 22, 1904.
Nasai ygefi&S.
CATARRH /mSh
In all its itages. J
Ely's Cream BalmV"™ E »j|w
cleanses, soothes and heals tT a
the diseased membrane. M
It cures catarrh and drives M.
away a cold in the head M
quickly.
Cream Bnlm is placed into the nostrils, spreads
over the membrane and is absorbed. Relief is im
mediate and a cure foliows. It is not drying—doe*
not produce sneezing. Large Size, 50 cents at Drug
gists or by mail; Trial Size, 10 cents.
ELY BROTHERS. sfi Warren Street. New York
PROFESSIONAL CARUS.
PHYSICIANS,
[ C. BOYLE, M. D.
. EYE, EAR, NOSK and THROAT,
SPECIALIST.
121 East Cunningham Street.
Office Honrs 11 to 12 a. m.. :S to 5 and
7 to 9 p. m.
BOTH TELEPHONES.
DR. JULIA E. FOSTER.
OSTEOPATH.
Consultation and examination fiee.
Office hours—!) to Id A M . 2 to
M., daily except Sunday Evenirg
appointment.
Office—Stein Block, Rooms 9-10, Bnt
ler, Pa. People's Phone 47H.
DR. H. J. NEEL\,
Rooms (5 and 7, Hughes Build'ug,
South Main Sr.
Chronic diseases of genito uriunrv
organsand rectum by the mo»
approved methods.
P LARA E. MORROW. D 0.,
T' GRADUATE BOSTON COLLEGE OF
OSTEOPATHY.
Women's diseases a scecialty. Con
sultatian and examination free.
Office Hours, 9to 13 nt., 2 to 3 p m
People's Phone 573.
i'6S. Main street, Bi.tic;, Pa
p M.ZIMMERMAN
U • PHYSICIAN AND SURGEON
At 327 N. Main St.
I R lIAZLETT, M. i).,
IJ> 106 West lJiamoiid,
Dr. Graham's former ofßce.
Special attention g to Eye, No e
and Throat Peoole's Phone 274.
JA &ÜBLM. BIPPUS,
0 PHYSICIAN anuSp«aßOM
aoo West Cunningham St.
DENTISTS.
DR. FORD H HAYES,
DENTIST.
Graduate of Deptal Department.,
University of Pennsylvania.
Office— 31"! S. Main Street, iJutler, Pa.
DR. S A. JOHNSTON,
SURGEON DENTIST.
Formerly of Butler,
Has located opposite Lowry House,
Main St, Butler, Pa. The finest v?c.rk
a specialty. Expeit pijmls&s ejiVac-tor
of teeth by ue«r' uieVnoa, My medi
cine ov jabbiag * •
Knin3, aino .into the
eiUer used. Com
....ous by mail receive prompt at
ter.tion.
DR J. WILBERT McK.EE.
SDRGEON DENTIST.
Office over Leighner's Jewelry store,
Butler, Pa
Peoples Telephone 505.
A specialty made of gold fillings, gold
crown anu bridge work
n/ J. HINDMAN,
m . DENTIST.
12' i South Main street, (ov Metzer's
shoe store.)
OR. H. A. McCANDLBSS,
DENTIST.
Office in Butler County National Bank
Building, 2nd floor.
DR. M I). KOTTRAiIA,
Successor to Dr. Johnston.
DENTIST
Office at No 114 E. Jefierson St., over
G. W. Miller's irrocerv
ATTORNEYS.
RP. SCOTT,
• ATTORNEY-AT LAW,
Office in Butler County National
Bauk building. s
1 T. SCOTT,
A. ATTORNEY At LAW.
Office at No. 8. West Diamond St. But
ler, Pa.
HOULTER & BAKER,
v ATTORNEYS At Uw.
Office in Butler Connty National
Bank building.
JOHN U. COULTER,
'J attorney-AT-LAW.
Office on Diamond, Butler, Pa.
Special attention j;iveu to collection;-
and business matters.
T D MCJUNKIN,
(' . ATTORNEY-AT-LAW.
Office in Reiber building, cornei Main
and E. Cunningham Sts, Entrance on
Main street.
1 H. BREDIN.
•>'. ATTORNEY AT LAW.
Office on Maiu St, near Court House
HII. GOUCHER,
. ATTORNEY AT LAW.
Office in Wise hnildinii.
EH. NEGLEY,
• ATTORNEY AT LAW.
Office 'n the Negley Bailding, West
Diamond.
TT C. FINDLEI,
IT • ATTORNEY-AT-LAW, AND
PENSION ATTORNEY.
Office on South side of Diamond,
Butler, Pa.
MISCELLANEOUS.
p F. L. McQUISTION,
V. CIVIL ENGINEER AND SURVEYOR
Office near Court Honse
LP. WALKER.
« NOTARY PUBLIC,
BUTLER,
Office with Berkmer, next door to P. O
I) F. HILLIARIX
I). GENERAL SURVEYING.
Mines and Land. Connty Surveyoi.
R. F. D. 49, West Sunbnrj-, Pa.
jC. F. T. Papej
i I JEWELERS I
/ 121 E. Jefferson Street. /
—
The Simple Life
; S J By CHARLES WAGNER
Translated From the FrencK by Mary Louise Hendee
t, Copyright. 1901. by McClure. Phillips Is Co.
, CHAPTER IV.
SIMPLICITY OF SrEECU.
SPEECH is tlie chief revelation of
the mind, tbe first visible form
i that it takes. As the thought,
so the speech. To better one's
life iu the way of simplicity one must
Bet a watch on his lips and his pen.
Lot the word be as genuine as the
thought, as artless, as valid. Think
j istiy, speak frankly.
All social relations have their roots
in mutual trust, and this trust Is main
tained by each man's sincerity. Ouce
sincerity diminishes, confidence Is
weakened, society suffers, apprehen
sion is born. This Is true In the prov
ince of both natural and spiritual inter
ests. With people whom we distrust
it Is as ditlicult to do business as to
search for scientific truth, arrive ot
religious harmony or nttaln to Justice.
When one must first question words
and intentions and start from the pre
mise that everything said and written
Is meant to offer us illusion in place of
truth, life becomes strangely complicat
ed. This is the case today. There Is
so much craft, so much diplomacy, so
much subtle legerdemain, that we all
have no end of trouble to inform our
selves on the simplest subject and the
one that most concerns us. Probably
wliat I have just said would suffice to
show my thought, and each one's expe
|-ifne# might bring to irs support an
ample commentary with illustrations.
But I am none the less moved to in
sist on tliis i><>int and to strengthen my
position with examples.
Formerly the means of communica
tion between men were considerably
restricted. It was natural to suppose
that lu perfecting and multiplying ave
nues of information a better under
standing would be brought about. Na
tions would learn to love each other as
they became acquainted; citizens of
one country would feel themselves
bound hi closer brotherhood as uiot'e
Jiglit was thrown on what concerned
their common life. When printing was
Invented the cry arose, "Fiat lux!" and
with better cause when the habit of
reading and the taste for newspapers
increased. Why should not yie-i* havs
reasoned thus; "f\voi jUumiuo
bettor ttiua and k-"" el . than
jWtV. ¥!»<» locals and books
Uutt? at* l)etter we s ij a ii know
~ uat happens, and those who wish to
write history after us will be right
fortunate. Their hands will be full
of documents." Nothing could have
seemed more evident.
Alas, this reasoning was based upon
the nature and capacity of the instru
ments without taking into account the
human element, always the most im
portant factor! And what has really
come jibout is this —that cavilers, ca
lumniators and crooks, ail gentlemen
glib of tongue, who know better than
any one else how to turn voice and pen
to account, have taken the utmost ad
vantage of these extended means for
circulating thought, with the result
that the men of our times have the
greatest difficulty in the world to know
the truth about their own age and their
own affairs. For every newspaper that
fosters good feeling and good under
standing between nations by trying to
rightly inform its neighbors and to
study tlieui without reservations, how
many spread defamation and distrust!
What unnatural and dangerous cur
rents of opinion set in motion! What
false alarms and malicious interpreta
tions of words and facts! And in do
mestic affairs we are not much better
informed than iu foreign. As to com
mercial, Industrial and agricultural in
terests, political parties and social
tendencies or the personality of public
men, it is alike difficult to obtain a dis
interested opinion. The more newspa
pers one reads the less clearly he sees
in these matters. There are days when
after having read them all, and admit
ting that he takes them at their word,
the reader finds himself obliged to draw
this conclusion: Unquestionably noth
ing but corruption can be found any
longer; no men of iutegritj* except a
few journalists. But the last part of
the conclusion falls In its turn. It ap
peal's that the chroniclers devour each
other. The reader has under his eyes
a spectacle somewhat like the cartoon
entitled "The Combat of the Serpents."
After having gorged themselves with
everything around them the reptiles
fall upon each other, and there remain
upon the field of battle two tails.
And not the common people alone
feel this embarrassment, but the culti
vated also; almost everybody shares it.
In politics, finance, business, even In
science, art, literature and religion,
there is everywhere disguise, trickery,
wire pulling—one truth for the public,
another for the initiated. The result is
that everybody is deceived. It Is vain
to be behind the scenes on one stage.
A man cannot be there on them all,
and the very people who deceive others
with the most ability are in turn de
ceived when they need to count upon
the sincerity of their neighbors.
The result of such practices is the
degradation of human speech. It Is de
graded first in the eyes of those who
manipulate it as a base instrument.
No word is respected by sophist 3,
casuists and quibblers, men who are
moved only by a rage for gaining their
point or who assume that their inter
ests are alone worth considering.
Their penalty is to be forced to judge
others by the rule they follow them
selves—say what profits and not what
is true. They can no longer take any
one seriously—a sad state of mind for
those who write or teach! How light
ly must one hold his readers and hear
ers to approach them in such an atti
tude! To him who has preserved
enough honesty nothing Is more repug
nant than the careless Irony of an ac
robat of the tongue or pen who tries
to dupe honest and ingenuous men.
On one side openness, sincerity, the
desire to be enlightened; on the other,
chicanery making game of the public!
But he knows not, the liar, how far
he Is misleading himself. The capital
on which he lives is confidence, and
nothing equals the confidence of the
people unless it be their distrust when
ouce they find themselves betrayed.
They may follow for a time the ex
ploiters of their artlessness, but then
their friendly humor turns to hate.
Doors which stood wide open offer an
impassable front of wood, and ears
once attentive are deaf. And the pity
Is that they have closed not to the
evil alone, but to the good. This is the
crime of those who distort and degrade
speech: they shake confidence general-
iy. M e consider as a calamity the de
basement of the currency, the lowering
of Interest, the abolition of credit.
There is a misfortune greater than
these—the loss of confidence, of that
moral credit vrhich honest people give
one another, and which makes speech
circulate like an authentic currency.
Away with counterfeiters, speculators,
rotten financiers, for they bring under
suspicion even the coin of the realm.
Away with the makers of counterfeit
speech, for because of them there Is
no longer confidence In any one or any
thing. and what they say and write Is
not worth a continental.
You see how urgent It Is that each
should guard his Hps. chasten his pen
•nd aspire to simplicity of speech. No
more perversion of sense, circumlocu
tion. reticence, tergiversation! These
things serve only to complicate and be
wilder. Be men. Speak the speech of
Uouor. An hour of plain dealing does
more for the salvation of the world
than years of duplicity.
A word no«v about a national bias to
those who have a veneration for dic
tion and style. Assuredly there can
be no quarrel with the taste for grace
and elegance of speech. I am of opin
ion that one canuot say too well what
ho has to say. But It does not follow
that the things best said and best writ
ten are-most studied. Words should
serve the fact and not substitute them
selves for it and 111 ak? It forgotten in
its embellishment. The greatest things
tiro those which gain the most by be
ing said most simply, since thus they
show themselves for what they are.
Yon do not throw over them the
however transparent, of beautiful dis
course, nor that shadow so fatal to
truth called th? writer's vanity. Noth
ing so strong, nothing so persuasive, as
simplicity! There are sacred emotions,
Cruel grit'Li, splendid heroisms, pas
•lonate enthusiasms, that a look, a
movement, a cry, Interprets better tha.ri
beautifully rounded periods. The Wiost
precious possessions of tW heart of
humanity themselves most
simply, V«s convincing a thing must
W true, mivl certain truths are more
evident they come in the speech
Z* ingenuousness, even weakness, than
when they fall from lips too well train
ed or are proclaimed with trumpets.
And these rules are good for each of
us in his everyday life. No one can
Imagine what profit would accrue to
his moral life from the constant obser
vation of this principle: Be sincere,
moderate, simple in the expression of
your feelings and opinions in private
and public alike; never pass beyond
bounds, give out faithfully what is
within you, and above all watch —that
is the main thing.
For the danger In flue words Is that
they live from a life of their own.
They are servants of distinction that
have kept their titles, but no longer
perform their functions, of which roy
al courts offer us example. You speak
well, write well, and all Is said. How
many people content themselves with
speaking and believe that It exempts
them from acting! And those who lis
ten are content with having heard
them. So It sometimes happens that a
life may In the end be made up of a few
well turned speeches, a few fine books
and a few great plays. As for practic
ing what Is so magisterially set forth—
that Is the last thing thought of. And
if we pass from the world of talent
to spheres which the mediocre exploit,
there in a pellmell of confusion we see
those who think that we are in the
world to talk and hear others talk—
the great and hopeless rout of bab
blers, of everything that prates, bawls
and perorates and, after all, finds that
there isn't talking enough. They all
forget that those who make the least
noise do the most work. An engine
that expends all its steam in whistling
has nothing left with which to turn
wheels. Then let us cultivate silence.
All that we can save In noise we gain
in power.
These reflections lead us to consider
a similar subject, also very worthy of
attention. I mean what has beeu call
ed "the vice of the superlative." If
we study the Inhabitants of a country
we notice differences of temperament,
of which the language shows signs.
Here the people are calm and phleg
matic. Their speech is jejune, lacks
color. Elsewhere temperaments are
more evenly balanced. One finds pre
cision, the word exactly fitted to the
thing. But farther on—effect of the
sun, the air, the wine perhaps—hot
blood courses In the veins, tempers are
excitable, language is extravagant, and
the simplest things are said in the
strongest terms.
If the type of speech varies with cli
mate, It differs also with epochs. Com
pare the language, written or spoken,
of our owu times with that of certain
other periods of our history. Under
the old regime people spoke differently
thau at the time of the Revolution, and
we have not the same language as the
men of IS3O, 1549 or the second empire.
In general, language is now charac
terized by greater simplicity. We no
longer wear perukes, we no longer
write in lace frills, but there Is one
significant difference between us and
almost all of our ancestors, and it Is
the source of our exaggerations—our
nervousness. Upqn overexcited nerv
ous systems—and heaven knows that
to have nerves Is no longer an aristo
cratic privilege—words do not produce
the same impression as under normal
conditions; and quite as truly simple
language does not suffice the man of
overwrought sensibilities when he tries
to express what he feels. In private
life, in public, in books, on the stage,
calm and temperate speech has given
place to excess. The means that novel
ists and playwrights employ to galva
nize the public mind and compel Its at
tention are to be found again in their
rudiments, iu our most commonplace
eonversatious, in our letter writing
and, above all, in public speaking. Our
performances in language compared to
those of a man well balanced and se
rene are what our handwriting Is com
pared to that of our fathers. The fault
is laid to steel pens. If only the truth
were acknowledged! Geese, then, could
save us. But the evil goes deeper; it
Is iu ourselves. We write like men
possessed. The pen of our ancestors
was more restful, more sure. Here we
face one of the results of our modern
life, so complicated and so terribly ex
haustive of energy. It leaves us impa
tient. breathless, in perpetual trepida
tion. Our handwriting, like our speech,
suffers thereby and betrays us. Let us
go back from tbe effect to tbe cauts '
nnil understand well the wnrning It
brings *3.
What good can come froui this habit
of exaggerated speech? False Inter
preters of our own Impression*, we
cannot but warp the minds of our fel
low men as well as onr own. Between
people who exaggerate, good under
standing ceases. Ilutlled tempers, vio
lent and useless disputes, hasty Judg
ments devoid of all moderation, the
utmost extravagance In education and
social life—these things are the result
of intemperance of speech.
May I be permitted In this appeal for
simplicity of speech to frame a wish
whose fulfillment would have the hap
piest results? I ask for simplicity in
literature, not only as one of the best
remedies for the dejection of our souls
—biases, jaded, weary of eccentricities
—but also as a pledge and source of
social union. I ask also for simplicity
in art. Our art and our literature are
reserved for the privileged few of ed
ucation and fortune. But do not mis
understand me. I do not ask poets,
novelists and painters to descend from
the heights and walk along the moun
tain sides, finding their satisfaction in
mediocrity, but, on the contrary, to
mount higher. The truly popular is not
that which appeals to a certain class of
society ordinarily called the common
people; the truly popular Is what Is
common to all classes and unites them.
The sources of inspiration from which
perfect art springs are In the depths of
the human heart. In the eternal reali
ties of life, before which all men are
equal. And the sources of a popular
language must be found in the small
number of simple and vigorous forms
which express elementary sensations
and draw the master lines of human
destiny. In them are truth', power,
grandeur, Immortality. Is there not
enough in such an Ideal to kindle the
enthusiasm of youth, which, sensible
that the sacred flame of the beautiful
is burning within, feels pity, and to the
disdainful adage, "Odl profanum vul
gus," prefers this more humane saying,
"Misereor super turbam." As for me, I
have no artistic authority, but from
out the multitude where I live I have
the right to raise my cry to those who
have been given talents, and say to
them: Labor for men whom the world
forgets, make yourselves intelligible to
the humble, so shall you accomplish
a work of emancipation and peace; so
•hall you open again the springs
whence those masters drew, whose
works have defied the ages because
they knew how to clothe genius in sim
plicity.
y"• [TO BX CONTIMJKD.I
BANNS OF MARRIAGE.
A Custom That Date* Back to the
Primitive Christian Church,
The custom of publishing the banns
of marriage dates back to the primi
tive church, for Tertulllan, who died
A. D. 240, states that warning of In
tended marriages was given among the
eaily Christians.
It appears that the publication of
banns was habitual In many places
long before there was any general law
on the subject, since Gregory IV. (1198-
1210) speaks of the banns (from Latin
bannum, a proclamation; Anglo-Saxon,
ban) being given out in church, ac
cording to custom. The practice was
introduced into France about the ninth
century and In 1170 was enforced In
the diocese of Paris.
The earliest enactment on the sub
ject in England was an order made In
the synod of Westminster In 1200 to
the effect that no marriage shonld be
celebrated till the banns had been pub
lished in the church on three several
Sundays or feast days. This rule was
made obligatory throughout the church
by the fourth Lateran council held in
Rome In 1215. By act of parliament
banns must now be given out in Eng
land on three Sundays.—London An
swers.
THE MAGNOLIA.
In the Himalaya. Are Foaad the
Most Magnificent Specimens.
The magnolia, so called from Pierre
Magiiol, professor of botany at Mont
pellier in the seventeenth century, Is a
genus embracing fourteen species of
remarkably handsome shrubs dellclous
ly scented and far more hardy than Is
commonly supposed. They are very
widely distributed in China, Japan and
the Himalayas and In Mexico and the
United States.
The old world species seem to have
been the earliest cultivated, the Chi
nese preserving the buds as well as
using them medicinally and to season
their rice. -The purple flowered Japa
nese plant was discovered by Kcemp
fer in 1090 and introduced into Eng
land in 1709. The Himalayas possess
three varieties, among ;hom the most
magnificent of all, Magnolia Campbell!,
a conspicuous object iu the scenery of
Darjeellng, eighty foet high, twelve
feet in girth, with flowers ten Inches
across.
North America has given many dis
tinct varieties, among them the cu
cumber or umbrella tree, tbe beaver
tree and the favorite Magnolia grandl
florn.
BLOWING HOT AND COLD.
llow Iron and Steel In Losing Heat
lU<e In Temperature.
The phen«iienon of a substance ris
ing in temperature while losing heat,
known as "recalescence," which was
first observed by Professor Barrett
and Investigated by Dr. Hopklnson,
has been noticed In the case of Iron at
a high temperature. A piece of Iron
was heated to about 800 degrees C. and
then allowed to cool slowly. At this
temperature It Is bright red, but on
cooling to about 785 degrees C. a sud
den disengagement of heat takes place,
the Iron rises In temperature and
glows with a brighter red.
This phenomenon was Investigated
more accurately by Hopkinson In the
case of steel. Bound a bar of this
metal he wound a coll of copper wire
Insulated with asbestus and Jacketed
with layers of asbestus paper. The
temperature of the wire was followed
during the experiment by connecting
the coll to a Wheatstone's bridge to
find the variation In Its resistance and
from this the variation In temperature
The steel bar was theft heated bright
red In a furnace and allowed to cool.
The temperature fell regularly to 680
degrees C., then rose to 712 degrees
C., when It again diminished.
COAL TAR PRODUCTS.
Some of the Things We Get From
This One Time Nuisance.
When coal gas was first Introduced
as an lllumlnant for large towns the
tar which Is condensed from the gas
was looked upon as a nuisance. How
ever, chemists discovered that coal tar
was an excewllngly complicated com
pound and lent itself admirably to the
production of a great number of use
ful chemicals. So we find today that
all the various brilliant and beautiful
dyes employed for coloring various
kinds of fabrics are produced from
this substance.
Coal tar also furnishes the basis for
several kinds of medicines, such as trl-
No. 49
onal, Rulphonal and so on. Saccharine,
which Is a substitute for sugar. Is also
made from coal tar. Carbolic add
(phenol), the most important and best
known antiseptic and disinfectant, is a
product of coal tar. Benzol, a clear
and colorless liquid resembling alcohol
to some extent, is another distillate
which Is employed for removing grease
spots.
Then we have naphthalene, a sub
stance which to some extent resembles
camphor and Is employed, like cam
phor, to protect woolen fabrics from
moths.—Harper's Weekly.
THE FIRST BANKS.
They Were Established la Italy la
the Ninth Century.
The first banks of which we have rec
ord were established in Italy so far
back" as 808 by the Lombard Jews,
who had benches, or counters, erected
In the market places for the exchange
of money and bills. It is from their
banco, or bench, that banks hare taken
their name.
The earliest bankers were also gold
smiths and dealers in precious stones,
but with the advance of civilization
banking became a distinct business.
Merchants had deposited their cash in
the mint in the Tower of London until
Charles I. laid hands upon the money
In 1640. In 1645 traders agreed to
lodge their money with the goldsmiths
of Lombard street, who had strong
chests for their own valuables, and
this was the origin of banking in Brit
ain.
The chief banks in Europe were es
tablished as follows: Venice, 1171; Ge
noa, 1345; Hamburg, 1619; Holland,
1635; Bank of England, 16M; Scotland,
1605; Ireland, 1788; France, 1803; Unit
ed States, 1810.
Handwriting oa Iron.
It was an accident that led to the
discovery of the method of transfer
ring handwriting to Iron, An iron
founder while experimenting with mol
ten iron under different conditions ac
-1 ddentally dropped a ticket into a mold.
He presently found that the type of
the ticket was transferred to the iron
in distinct characters. Following up
tbe Idea which this fact suggested, he
procured a heatproof ink, with which
he wrote invertedly on ordinary white
paper. This paper was Introduced into
the mold before the molten iron was
poured in. When the mold cooled the
paper had been consumed by the heat,
but the Ink, which had remained in
tact, had left a clear impression on tbe
iron.
Never pose as an angel until yon are
sure that your wings have sprouted a
good crop of pin feathers.—Philadel
phia Bulletin.
EXCISEMAN BURNS.
The Way an Old Woman Outwitted
the Scotch Poet.
A story is told about Burns in his
capacity of exciseman. Old Jean Da
vidson kept a small whisky shop and
was suspected of putting more fresh
water Into her liquor than was need
ful or lawful. Burns accordingly came
with his apparatus and at once detect
ed the Irregularity. "Now, Jean, ma
woman," he said, "I canna tak this to
Dumfries this night; 'tis ower latS.
But I'll seal it wl' the king's seal and
return to lift It in the mornln\ M When
he had gone to his lodging Jean fetched
the village cooper, who removed a hoop
from the barrel and bored a hole,
through which the adulterated liquor
was drawn off and stuff of regulation
strength put in. Then the hoop was
refixed, and Jean, with a brave heart,
awaited the ganger. In the morning
up came Burns to claim the keg. "One
minute, Mr. Burns," said Jean sweetly.
"Ye might Jest test that whisky to
convince me, since I canna see how I
could have been makln' sic a mistake."
"It means breaking the king's seal,"
said Burns, "but I'll Just fix on an
other." So the sample was taken and
tested and of course found to be all
right Burns was bewildered. "Was
there aught wrang wi' me, Jean, last
nlcht?" he asked. "Weel, Mr. Burns,
'tis na for me to say. Weel, I just
thocht ye were fully smert wf your
wee tester."
TORTOISE SHELL.
la Working It Gentle ,Best aad If—
sure Are Mainly Used.
A tortoise shell Is harder and more
brittle than ordinary horn. Heat and
pressure are practically the only means
which can be employed In working it,
and it is Impossible to work tortoise
shell at a great heat, since the coloring
pigment easily liquefies and obscures
the shell, thereby greatly lessening its
value. Heavy pressure is also lmpop
slble owing to its brittle character.
The plates of the carapace, or back
shell, are first separated from the skel
eton by the application of gentle heat
and then flattened by a similar proc
ess. The superficial irregularities are
next rasped off, and the material is
polished, ready for molding into any
desired shape.
Larger or thicker plates are produced
by a process which requires great care
and attention. Two surfaces are first
rasped and cleaned and are then gen
tly heated and pressed together. The
heat liquefies them, and the pressure
effects a perfect union, making an In
visible Joint
Tortoise shell combs are cut by the
highly ingenious twinning machine,
called because two combs are cut froth
the same plate, so that the teeth of one
dovetail into the spaces of the othet,
avoiding all waste.
Bells aad Thanderstorms.
An Instance of the absurdity of some
of the notions held by our ancestors
was the notion that the ringing of the
church bells had a counteracting effect
In a thunderstorm. It was supposed
that the vibration of the air caused by
the movement of the bellß resulted In
the dissipation of the electric fluid in
the air. The belief was so common at
one time that the bells were rung as
soon as signs of an approaching thun
derstorm were seen. Science now holds
a contrary opinion. Not only does the
sound have no possible effect on the
air, but the vibration caused by the
sound of a bell upon a cloud charged
with electricity may cause it to dis
charge Its contents upon the ringer of
the bell In the church tower.
The Hippopotamus.
When first the Sudan was opened up
it was thought desirable to Impose a
tax on any one killing a "hippo," but
experience has shown that the "hippo"
is unworthy of the care taken of him.
He is most destructive. A bull hippo
potamus will upset a small boat Th*
natives have a curious manner of kill
ing a hippopotamus. They attack htm
with spears when he is in a sleepy con
dition In the river, and attached to the
spear is a rope with a huge float at the
end of it This float hampers the
movements of the unwieldy animal,
and after several spears have been
driven into him he is easily drawn to
the bank and dispatched. London
Globe.