VOL XXXI
PONT Want
A Wheel?
Just as good time now, as anv,
to think of buying, to compare pri
ces and merits. We pin our best
faith to the CLEVELAND and
the PHOENIX.
A wheel should be
Running.
bookings
Fully T.
Guaranteed. Ladies Phoenix.
We have tl"\em i\o\v
-—■; ■ •. ;
and will have
ii\ tl\e Spriixg.
J. E. FORSYTH E.
NOW
FOR NOVEMBER !
In order to greet this winter opening month in a manner befit
ting its importance to the Dry Goods trade, we propose to make some
prices that will warm the very cockles of the popular heart.
We are better enabled to do this because just now in the great
textile markets of the world, concessions are the order of the day.
Nobody is in better condition to take advantage of these than our
selves, and what we get —
w© Divide With Von.—
250-36-inch Twilled Bine Cloth p*rice'. 50c
35e —45-Ineb All-Wool Bine Cl»th " £ gr JC
500—46-iuch " Blue Serge .. 05,.
50c—48 inch " N»Telty „ $1
75c—54-inch " NOTBIij Cloth
75«—46-incb All-Silk H«unettas.. „ j 25
Ml 00— 34-inch All-«*ool Covert 65c
50c—Fancy Trimming* Silks, all oolors „
Qoc—per pair, StWer Grey Blankets „ $450
$3 60— All-Wool White Blanket* 10( |
75o —Ladies' All-Wool Skirt Patterns 75p
50c —per unit, Mea '« Natural Wool Suits - fl
•100- •' " J Tr , « 35c
25«—Ladies' Fleeced uioed Vests
<« " *' tt
4c—Good Dnb'eaobed Muslin ~ 7c
sc—B* »t American Blue Prints ~ Yc
so—Best Domestic Ginghams
Space forbids our mentioning the low prices that prevail in our
Millinery and Wrap departments. Our Wrap department is the lar
gest and lighted in Butler. We are sole agents for the celebrat
ed Rothchild Wraps, the most perfect fitting Wraps ever shown 111
Butler county.
Mrs. Jennie E. Zimmerman
8U00E88Q& TO RITTER & RALSTON
GREAT SLAUGHTER M
OF
OVERCOATS, - SUITS,
Underwear, Shirts, Hats, Caps, Hosiery, Ties, Gloves,
Mittens, Cardigan Jackets, Sweaters, Trunks, Valises,
Telescopes, Watches, Chains, Charms, Rings, Pins,
Suspenders, Handkerchiefs, Brushes, Purses, etc. This
NO CLEARANCE: sale
Of Summer Goods, but our regular stock of FALL
AND WINTER GOODS. We show you the lar
gest stock in Butler to select from and everything goes.
Don't miss this
-♦Grand + Opportunity.*^
We are the pioneers of LOW PRICES. We never
were, never can and never will be UNDERSOLD.
Bear this in mind, and don't make your purchases un
til you see us. We feel satisfied we can do you good.
D. A. HFX'K,
121 N. Main. St., Duffy's Block, Butler, Pa.
W 'A Summer Drive
/JaK * loses i measure of its pleasure if the carriage is less IUA
vMvvwy urious, easy running and handsome than it might be-
Fredonia Buggies
have nothing but good points. They're the handsomest vehicles you can
gei—vt as strong and secure as they're sightly.
Ask and insist that you see them at your dealer's.
Made by FREDONIA MFG. CO., Youngstown, Ohk).
THE BUTLER CITIZEN.
It Is Not
What We Say
But what Mood's Sarsaparilla does, that
tells the story. The great volume of evi
dence in th.- form of unpurchased, volun
tary testimonials prove beyond doubt that
Hood JSaraa
. poTilla
Be Sure to Get
Hood s
Hood's Pills < *<'
MM!
=2I c PACKAGES 1=
MA.\ /FiKE PREMIUMS C-iVEN FREE
1& DRINKERS CF MOM COFFEE
It is unnecessary
to bore you with tlie
a d vertise men t (>f our
largest stock, best
facilities, biggest
business,etc. You
know we have that.
The important an
nouncement is,
We will Positively save
you Money on your
Fall Clothes.
Our stock tables
are resplendent with
the newest patterns, j
See them.
ALAND,
TAILOK
C. 1 •. D.
A business that/k'j«.ps grow
ing through a season ot de
pression, such as ilu country
has experienced, is an evi
dence that people realize they
save money by trading with
us. We know, and always
have known, t!->e days of large
profits are past. Without
question we are giving more
for the money than last year.
Our stock is larger to
from than last year.
'"ALL AND SEE US.
Colbert & Dale.
What Yoii Need
Is a Dictionary i
HERE IT IS!
o'»h Webster Int. Dictionary.
gHefp, with patent thumb index,
together with one .v '» ji.ti.cni ad
jUHtuble dictions' 1 * Ijol'^r—all c r
pletefor 1 l 2.")0.
We urn the <;nlv firm it; ti«-
conntv abl« to win Ifhnie i-ohool -tin
plies in e< mpetitiou with Urtr''
from Chicago and other fines We
sell (or hsH tbao olti«r firms hern pay
for thing*,
J. H. DOUGLASS,
(WnOL* ALL AND RETAIL.)
241 S. Main Street,
Near Postofli< <.
L C- W r IV K
DKALP.R IN
Rough and VKurksd Unite
OK At- KINDS
Dours, Sash, Biluds, (vSouidlri
Shingles and Lain
Always In stock.
LIME. HAIR AND PLASI H.
Offlct. opposite P. A W Depot
BrTTLBK A
BUTLER LUMBER COMPANY
Shippers and dealers in
aterials
Rough and dreur d Lumber of »'•
kinds. Doors and Windows, pv
Mouldings ot all kind.--.
H. E WICK, Manager.
Office uud Yard.*,
Mt Cunningham and ]l»nroe«tre«t*.
6reat Discovery. < " ,r^ lU!ir ,.
nd disfiguring g< Wilis i.■ m.■ v. .1 «jt ut
the knife and wiUi«..;t ~«iu.
Oir fpecifio medici" ■* m l oel n
di*6a p<irti> antl |>.rin<: en. ly . ur-. No
fee Until "Urcrl K«. T,»VI<»I:,
Vv. 320 Litre/ty tj'ttewt, Pnt»bu.-g
H1 T TL"RR. PA., THURSDAY, NOVEMBER IT>, 1H94.
HERE died last
SiSr Lit* year, at Jack
tf. /1 fish bay. Lake
■ ji; - Superior, at the
| extremeoldage
SL of ninety, Mary
Matt, the last
surviving wit
tg§K ' ness of a terri
ble drama that
took place at one of the Hudson's Bay
company's posts, on the shores of Hud
son's bay, in the year 1819.
Mary Matt was then, at the time of
the raid on Hanna bay, a girl of six
teen, and the daughter of one of the
principal Indian murderers.
The history of the Hanna Bay mas
sacre, I am rure, is new to the world at
large, for it took place three-quarters
of a century ago.
News in those days was not flashed
about the world with the rapidity of
the present time, and, besides, the
disaster was a local affair. Even the
people of the then only two provinces,
Ontario and Quebec, or, more properly
speaking, upper and lower Canada, did
not bear of it for over a year. In
those days officers and servants of the
company, when leaving or going out
on leave of absence, used to speak of
going to Canada as if it were a foreign
country. Even down to early in the
'seventies, several years after the
company had ceded its rights to
the new dominion, I have heard old
gentlemen in the service say they
were going out to Canada next year or
that such and such was the news in
the last papers they got from Canada.
But through the bni'ding of our trans
continental railroad and the explora
tion of the numerous rivers falling
into the valley of the St Lawrence on
it 3 north side, the upper waters of
which rivers were dotted with Hud
son's Bay posts, the residents of these
places became acquainted with out
siders, and by degrees they recognized
the fact that, no matter how far off
they were situated, they lived in
Canada, and that the vast territories of
the company had been absorbed into
the dominion of Canada.
Before going on with my story I
might as well inform the reader that
under the charter that the company
received from Charles 11. of England,
the governor and hi# council hail su
preme power vested in them, und all
crimes committed within its territories
were tried before this body in a sum
mary way.
Hanna bay, from which the post
took its name, is an indentation of
James' bay, and again James' bay is
a larger indentation of Hudson's bay
itself.
At the very southern end of James,
bay was situated, and is still. Moose
Factory, the headquarters of the whole
southern department, as the waters
emptying into Hudson's bay were
called, and from Moose Factory to
Hanna bay the distance is one hun
dred and twenty miles.
With these explanations and refer
ence to any good map, the reader will
understand the situation of the place
at which the catastrophe I am about
to relate took place so many years
ago. Inasmuch as I knew Mrs. Matt
personally and she was present at the
time, and hearing of her death last
year from a correspondent of mine at
Lake Superior, I have decided to write
the history for publication.
In the year 1819, Ilanna Bay post
was in charge of a gentleman of the
company named Corrigal. The resi
dents of the post in that year were
Mr. Corrigal, his wife, a grown-up
•on and daughter by a former wife,
and three young children by his pres
ent one, a young clerk who acted as
his assistant, and three man servants,
two of whom were married, and their
five children. Thus the number of
souls within the stockade at the timo
was, all told, eighteen.
In those days, one of the English
ships that came out, loaded with pro
visions, clothing, guns and ammuni
tion, used to land the partieulai- por
tion of her cargo destined for the trade
of Hanna bay 011 her way to Moose
Factory, and thus save two handling#
and transshipping back by schooner
from the factory.
The Indians that traded their furs
at Hanna bay, after several secret
couneUs held amongst themselves in
the interior, conceived the plot to kill
the employes of the post, pillage the
place, await the arrival of the ship,
take her by surprise, and sail away and
take England, the place from which
all beautiful goods were obtained. A
bold plan certainly, and it took the
brain of a savage to think such a thing
possible.
At New Year's lime the Indians were
in the habit of visiting the post for
the purpose of trading their furs and
getting regalement from the compa
ny, and they chose that time for the
uprising.
In the days of which I write the com
pany had not asyet excluded rum from
its territory, and it was the custom to
give each hunter, after the feast with
in the post, one-half pint to carry
away to his wigwam. To portion out
this rum Mr. Corrigal and his assistant
had to go to the trade shop. The clerk
would go down the trap-door in the
floor to the cellar and begin to draw
off the grog. And from the clerk's
bands the chief trader bunded the por
tion to each man as he handed out his
tin pan to receive it. This had been
the custom for years. This ceremony
of the closing of their annual feast
was well knotvn to tho Indians, and
this was the occasion chosen for tho
I assault.
As the clerk was handing up the
first measure to Mr. Corrigal, and his
head was slightly above the level of
the tloor, his I>rains were dashed out
with a concealed hatchet brought by
one of tha savages under his capote
for that purpose. At tha same mo
ment three or four others threw them
selves bodily on Mr. Corrigal and bore
hitn to the floor, and never relaxed
their grip on his throat until life wis
extinct, and his body was tumbled
brutally into tho cellar, and the trap
closed.
All this had taken place without the
least sound having reached the
servants' quarters of the double mur
der that had been perpetrated so close
to them. The men saw the heretofore I
friendly Indians approaching their
house without suspecting them of any
bad intent. By a preconcerted ar
rangement, the squaws, wLile the men
were in the trade shop, had gone out
side the gates and secured the guns of
the party. These they hid in the folds
of their blankets and, returning, they
ranged themselves near the men's !
house. As each one's husband passed
on his way to tlie-servants' quarters,
his squaw handed out his gun, and in
less time than it takes to write it, the 1
howling band made a rush for the j
building and its doomed inmates. ,
When the attack was made, the single
inan of the servants, George Wright
by name, was lying in an upper bunk, '
but not asleep. He sprang down to
help his companions defend them
selves. But he saw at a glance it was
even then too late to be of any use, as
men, women and children were almost
all killed by the first volley, and he
himself cscapejl by a mirail'r b» i
dashed for the door, and, crossing the
open space, made his escape through
the gate. But as he ran he was fired
at by an Indian coming from the di
rection of the trade shop, and as he was
seen to drop just outside tha open
gate, and as he presumably was dead,
no Indian engaged in pursuit.
Young Corrigal had seeu the man
Wright fired at and fall, and had also
heard the shouts and screams from the
men s house, and understood the
worst had come. As he could see or
hear nothing of his father and the
clerk, he at once explained matters to
his mother in a few hurried words, and
got her and the children to take refuge
in the cellar. Here, at the door of the
cellar, youn Corrigal stood his ground
with his father's double-barreled shot
gun and pistols. He heard the outer
door give way from the rush of Indians
that hurled themselves against it. and
then of a certainty he knew it had
now come to the pass of selling his
life as dearly as possible in the defense
of bis dear mother and her children.
Brave youth! Before he succumbed
to the onslaught of savages he killed
three of the Indians with his father's
weapons, and then fell slain himself.
Nothing now to bar the way, the re
maining members of the band entered
the cellar, and in a few minutes
mother, stepdaughter and the young
children were butchered in cold blood,
and with uplifted hands pleading for
mercy.
Thus in half an hour or thereabouts,
all that had belonged to Hanna Bay {
post were dead. At least the Indians
thought so, and pave themselves up to
ieasting and drinking without re- i
straint.
We return now to George Wright, !
whom we left as he received what was
supposed to be his death wound. He 1
was not dead, as the Indians imagined, ;
but badly wounded, his right leg be- j
ing shattered below the knee. Crip- !
pled like this, with no snow shoes, and
his only provisions the moss from the j
rocks, he made his way over the most j
rugged and barren country in the
world to Moose Factory, a distance of
one hundred and twenty miles. And,
wonderiul to relate, he reached that
place, after untold sufferings on the
way. • Great was the lament and dire
TOUNG CORRIOAI. STOOD HIS 6ROTTXD.
the threats of vengeance uttered by the
Inhabitants of the factory when
Wright had told his tale.
Most of those that had been killed
at the Bay post had been related, one
way or another, to the older families
at the factory. Therefore when Mr.
Gladman, the officer in charge, made
public his determination to send out a
party to capture the murderers, the
able-bodied men of the settlement to
a man volunteered to go on the expe
dition. There was no time wasted in
unnecessary delay. Arms and the
necessary provisions for a party of
twelve or fourteen men were given
out, and the men chosen comprised
Capt. Swanston in command, Mr. Scott,
his second, and twelve men, most of
the latter being half-breeds, who, as a
rule, look down on the pure-blooded
Indians, and, in any trouble, usually
take sides with the whites
Capt. Swanston's orders were to take
prisoner all that could be caught, but
if any resisted or refused to surrender
they were to be shot down. Wright
reported that at the time of the out
break there had been at the post sev
enteen Indians, but from the shots ho
heard he judged that some of them
were no doubt killed by Mr. Corrigal,
who, he thought, was in hisown house.
Capt. Swanston considered that, with
Mr. Scott and the men they had under
them, the party was quite strong
enough to cope with what must be now
a band of debauched savages. And
again, when he considered the wrongs
most of his men had to redress, he was
confident they would overcome twice
their number.
When the party reached Hanna bay
they found the place had been desert
ed for some days, after the Indians
had pillaged and destroyed everything
possible. Strange to say, they had not
fired the buildings, no doubt leaving
them as a decoy to the ship when she
should arrive in the spring.
The sight of the hacked nnd frozen
bodies of their relatives set the men
wild for revenge, and it was vvith the
utmost difficulty tliat ( apt. Swanston
could hold them for a day to bury the
dead. It was a painful duty they 'iad
to perform, to thaw out the frozen
masse.s of humanity and prepare each
for burial; but late at night all was
completed, to the captain's satisfac
tion, and after posting two men on
guard they turned in to snatch a few
hours' repose before proceediugon the
morrow
F fear my history of the massacre is
already too lon;r and that my readers
have sickened with the ghastly details.
Still, I have only recorded the facts as
they happened, anil have added 110
imaginary horrors to the description.
After traveling on the Indians' trail
for three days due northeast, over
lakes, barren grounds, up rivers and
through thick forests of spruw, the
party came up with the band of inur
v // r *
'^r\
"THKBE! THAT III.OW IS FOR MY SISTER."
derers, and succeeded in securing four
prisoners. The rebt of the men were
I shot down, as they resisted capture.
| With these, the party started back for
headquarters, taking also one or two
of the women that begged to accom
pany their husbands. Mrs. Matt who,
i as 1 have said, was then a girl of sia
j tccn, was taken along with her father
When the party with the prisoners
I came in sight of the factory, all the
! inhabitants turned out into the squaro,
1 while the chief factor, Mr. Gladman,
and some of the other officers stood
about the open gates.
Unnoticed by the latter group was a
half-breed by the name of Bouchard,
who had lost a sister in the massacre,
the wife ot ooe ol the men stationed
V*?' Bf wlthrta th«r
at a respectful distance behind
the officers, leaning on the handle of
an ice-chisel, which he either hap
pened to be groins' to use, or had taken
purposely to the gate
Be this as it may. there he stood un
til the prisoners were being brought
inside the gate; then, without any in
timation of his purpose, he suddenly
sprang in front of the party and drore
his keen inch-and-a-half chisel clean
through the breast of the first Indian
of the file.
"There!"' he said, as he jerked this
frightful weapon out of the man's
body. "That blow is for my sister!"
Bouchard had beeu so secretive in
his determination to deal out summary
justice that none of the bystanders
bad any intimation of his purpose
until too late to arrest his arm. Mr.
Gladman at once ordered his arrest,
and he was marched off between two
men to the factory's lock-up, to be
dealt with later on.
It so happened that the man whom
Bouchard had killed with his chisel
was the father of the girl Mes keg
(afterward Mrs. Matt), and thus she
was left an orphan as she entered the
precincts of the fort.
Mes-keg could hardly be held re
sponsible for the crimes of her father
and the others of the band, and as she
was a nice, tidy girl she was adopted
into the family of the head watchman
of the factory, and under the guidance
of his wife very rapidly acquired do
mestic habits. Two years after enter
ing the watchman's family her hand
was sought in marriage by John Matt,
a young carpenter of the settlement.
In after years, when their family of
three daughters and one son were
pretty well grown up. Matt and his
wife and children removed to Red
Rock, and, after a winter spent there,
finally made their permanent home at
JackUsh bay, Lake Superior, where
the old man died ten years afterward.
Two of her daughters married well
and went to live with their husbands
at Dulutli, Minn. Her remaining
daughter became head housekeeper in
the Northwestern hotel, Port Arthur,
and she herself found a good home
with her son up to the time of her
death last vear.
An examination was held in the
Bouchard affair, and under the cir
cumstances his act was held pardon
able. the verdict being "justifiable
homicide." The three remaining In
dians of the murderers' band were
held prisoners until the arrival of the
governor of the company in the fol
lowing summer. At the trial held be
fore Gov. Sepple and a proper quorum
of commissioned officers, the Indians
were condemned to be hung. This
sentence was duly carried out on the
first Friday in August. IS.'O. The
scaffold was erected over the main
gates of the factory, and the execu
tioner was Bouchard, who volunteered
for the office.
One word in conclusion: The post of
Hanna bay was never reinhabitcd, the
headquarters of that particular sec
tion being transferred to Rupert's
house, at the mouth of Rupert river.—
N. Y. Ledgei
—No great is done by falterers who
ask for certainty. No good is certain
but the steadfast mind, the undivided
will to seek the good.—George Eliot.
SQUADRONS OF HORSE FLIES.
A Frenchman'* Srh.mo for Carrying: Ula
eaw Into tli<- Camp of the Enemy.
Some amusing particulars of the in
ventions that have l>een offered to the
French war office since 1871 have re
cently been published in a French
newspaper, the majority of which, ac
cording to the London Court Journal,
are about equal to the Laputan scheme
for plowing fields, namely, by sowing
acorns in rows and then turning in pigs
to root them up. One genius sought a
patent for the training of squadrons of
horse flies. These auxiliaries were to
1)0 fed exclusively on blood served up
beneath the delicate epidermis of me
chanical figures clothed in the uniforms
of members of the triple alliance, so
that when political relations in Europe
were strained the flies might be given
daily a little of the juice of certain
poisonous plants, and on actual declara
tion of war be turned out in the path
of the enemy. Another ingenious per
son proposed a scheme for educating
war dogs. In times of peace he would
train French dogs to bite lay figures ;
wearing Prussian helmets, in order that
on the outbreak of the war the kennels
of the whole country might be mobil
ized and let loose on the enemy. Then
there are numerous proposals for
bridging rivers by means of ropes
attached to cannon balls, and a pho- !
tographer suggests a novel kind of cap- ;
tive shell, which, breaking over the '
fortified position of an enemy, would i
disclose a small camera attached to a
parachute. The enemy's fortifications j
would IK- instantaneously photographed
and the apparatus hauled back by the
string and the negatives developed at
leisure. Two ideas arc very inhuman.
One is a scheme for sending large
quantities of poisoned needles, as if in
charity, to the enemy's generals, who
would of course, distribute them to
their forces, and so poison their unfor->
tunate user . and the other to charge
explosive bullets with pepper. Two
objects are pursued by the inventor of
the pepper its discharge would blind
the enemy und the great demand for
the condiment in time of war wouldjp
stimulate the trad." of the French col
onies and increase the revenue of the j
country. There are also many other j
equally absurd proposals, such as sug- !
gestions for making soup by machinery,
growing potatoes on barrack roofs in
December and killing whole army corps
of Prussians by post—but they ore too
numerous to be mentioned.
Why the Hog Turns Hound.
Have you ever thought why it is that
a dog turns around and around when
he jumps up on his cushion or starts to
settle himself anywhere for a nap.'
Now you arc reminded you can recall
that you liavo seen a dog do it many
times, can't you? This habit is about
all that is left to our tame little dog
gies of the days long ago, when they
were a race of wild animals and lived
in the woods. Their beds there were .
matted grass and leaves, and it was to
trample enough grass and properly ur
range the leaves that the dog always
trod around a narrow circle before he
would lie down. The dog of to-day
keeps up the same old habit, although
there is no longer any need for it, and,
of course, the animal has no notion
why he doss it.
Material In Piano*.
There are forty-eight different ma
terials used in constructing a piano,
from no fewer than sixteen different
countries, employing forty-five different
hands.
The Way of It.
Her brow was Uke the snowdrift.
Iler throat was like Ikt • « ari
Whoa she'd bouKhl complexion powders
And strewed them thickly on.
—Detroit Tribune.
I > lra«urc» of Convrr.atlon.
Little Dick—Those ladies in the par
lor are all talking together. I don't
see how they can understand each
other.
Little Dot—Well, each one hears
what she says herself, and that's all
folks cares for, I guess.—Good News.
A TrlUluK Ovemicbt.
Dr. Griffin—l mu: t say that the world
is very ungrateful toward our pro
fession. How seldom one sees a public
memorial erected to a doctor.
Mrs. Golightly--How seldom? Oh,
doctor, think of our cemeteries!—Pear
son's Wecldv.
A MARINE GRAVEYARD.
Whore Many Mississippi River
Steamboats Lie Buried.
lhc Fatal Locality In Which .Mauv t'ala
tial Steamer* Went !><»wn-Namn of
Some of III* Well-Remenn
hfpeil Boat*.
The recent discovery of a sunkt n raft
by Mayor Walbridge in the channel of
the river al>ove the Chain of Kocks.
says the St. Louis Globe-Democrat,
will bring 1 to the minds of many of our
old stoaml>oat men the disasters that
befell the marine craft of this city in
that portion of the river now included
in the harbor of St. Louis. The char
ter harbor of the city includes that
stretch of the Mississippi river be
tween the mouth of the Missouri and
the mouth of the Merrimac. That por
tion of the harbor under the care and
control of the wharf and Ifarbor com
missioner lies between the thuin of
Rocks ami the Rives des Peres. From
the upper mouth of the Missouri to the
foot <>f North Market street there are
now lying under the silt and sands the
wrecks of over sixty boats and barges.
Many of these steaml>oats were the
largest, best equipped and speediest
that ever walked the navigable water
ways of the country. They were in
reality marine palaces, such as this
generation has not seen.
Sawyer's bend was the fatal locality
where nearly all these splendid craft
foundered and settled under the shift
ing sands of the treacherous channel.
Among the Ixwits that were lost many
now living will recall the following:
York State, Southerner, Mary Main,
Highland Mary, Grace Darling. Alle
gheny, Federal Arch, C. Ruin. \ üba,
Raltiuiore. John R. Carson. Philadel
phia, Edinburg. Challenge. Moderator,
Nebraska, Sioux City, White Cloud,
Omaha. New Admiral, Geneva, Warsaw,
Empire City. Gov. Sharkey, Submarine
No. 13. Saranae No. 2, War Eagle, Ren
Johnson, Gerard R. Allen. Fanny Scott,
Henry Adkins, Columbia, Silver Row,
R. J. Lockwood. Wild Duck. Nile, Vic
toria, Champion. Rlue Lodge. Calhoun,
Alma. Central City, Raven, Salvor, J. W.
Garrett. Hudson, Reaver, John I'.
Reiser, Pacific, Lulu Worth, Cornelia
and Badger State.
The above were sunk between the
years 1855 and 1888. In addition to
these there were twepty barges lost
north of Rissell's point within the same
year. No record was kept of the "saw
yer" or cut lumber rafts that were lost
south of Alton, but it has been esti
mated that the aggregate value was
over a million dollars. Only two of
the above-named boats, the Calhoun
and Alma, were raised. The bones of
all the others lie many feet beneath the
sands, petrifying under the action of the
waters. Tlie actual loss in marine
property to the merchants of St. Louis
by the sinking of these boats was over
five million dollars. It is a sad com
mentary upon the action of congress in
its failure to provide adequate means
for the removal of the cause of these
disasters, and the general policy of
making only dribbling appropriations
for river and harbor improvements,
that after 18G0 few, if any, of these
marine palaces were replaced with
others. Many of the owners in the loss
of this property lost not only all they
had, but also lost courage because of
the increasing dangers to the marine
commerce of the immediate harbor of
St. Louis.
To add to the pathetic story of these
disasters, many of them fat 1 to life, it
might be stated in passing that during
the period named above'fifty-five splen
did steamers were destroyed by fire
within the charter harbor of the city.
The hulls of many of them lie just out
ride of the present water line and form
the retaining dike for the granite
wharf. Many of the grandfathers and
grandmothers of to-day will remember
with varying emotions their bridal
trips on the James Howard, the Lej
viathan, the Rismarck, the Grand Re
public, the Carrie V. Kountz,and others
equally as grand. The "upper mouth
of the Missouri" within the past forty
years, where it empties into the Mis
sissippi, has changed its location four
or five times, and its present mouth is
several miles south of the one that ex
isted a few years ago. Opposite these
various mouths, and for one mile south
ward. many of the disasters named
above occurred. The outpouring of the
Missouri waters was swift, the eddies
and currents were treacherous and the
snags and other obstructions so numer
ous at that point that unusual eare was
accessary in order to avoid the fatal
places.
The conditions that existed in Saw
yer's bend forty years ago exist prac
tically to-day, and are still a serious
menace to the marine commerce of the
city, with the added dangers to the
important municipal and railroad in
terests that have grown with the re
quirements of the water supply and the
transportation demands of a great me
tropolis.
I f the waters in Sawyer's bend could
be rolled backward, as the waters of
the Red sea once were, and the sands
Bleared away and tlie skeletons of our
former palatial steamers photographed,
what a terrible object lesson would be
conveyed from a spot that is now the
' most thickly settled marine graveyard
In the world.
\ Queflr Cl««w.
In course of transit between New
York and New Orleans a packet of
paper money had been opened and its
contents considerably reduced. Two
of the seals had been broken and one
bad been resealed by thumb pressure.
Mr. Carvalho, an expert in matters of
identification, endeavored to find out.
tlie thief, and with this view obtained
wax impressions of the thumbs of all
the officials of the express company
through who6e hands the packet was
known to have passed. The impres
sions were photographed and enlarged,
Sind one of them clearly agreed with an
enlarged photograph of the thumb-im
pressed seal. The thief was thus de
tected.
Irony oT Fata.
Mr. Dooley (coming in) —This do be
har-r-d luck!
Mrs. Dooley—Phut is it, Moike—
didn't ye git the job?
Mr. Dooley (ruefully)—l did thot, bad
'cess to it! Out o' wor-r-ruk all summer,
an' as soon as cold weather comes on I
gits a job dhrivin' an ice-wagon.—
Puck.
In the roar 11)04.
Head of Household Alfred, dear,
your biscuits are very good this tnorn
ing
Young Husband (coloring with pleas
ure) —1 am glad to hear you say so,
love.
Head of Household —Still, they are
not quite as good as papa used to make
—Chicago Tribune.
The Only Explanation l*o»»lble.
Rirdie McGinnis Ha* Esmerelda
Longcoflin acquired the habit of vibit
ing iusanu asylums?
Sallie Duzenbury I don't know.
Why do you ask?
Rirdie —Recause she says she has re
fused dozens of offcis of ruarriatre --
Alex Sweet, in Texas Siftings.
Listening to the Whorls.
Ticktack —I never keep books at my
office. I carry all my business in my
head.
Jimcrack —I understand now what
you meant when you said you were
going to wind up your business. —Town
rpjfc
IMPROVEMENT.
FARM TELEPHONE.
How to Construct One at an Outlay of a
Few Dollar*.
A reader asks if there is not some
cheap and simple way that a telephone
can be erected that will work satis
factorily for short distances, without
electricity. Certainly. Telephones
can be made that give perfect satis
faction for short distances, and 1 pre
sume would for half a mile. I hare
had one for several years between my
house and my brother's, a distance of
twenty-five rods, and it conveys sound
so perfectly that on a still night 1 can
hear their clock tick by putting my
ear to the vibrator, or if a watch is
held against it the ticking is plainly
heard at the other enil of the line, and
we converse over it with perfect ease.
To make it, we first make a box of
light wood, eight inches square and
three inches deep. On the back side
of it we cut an inch hole, in the center,
for the wire to pass through, and at
tach two strips (B C and D E) an inch
wide to fasten it to th* wall by. On
the front side we cut a circle four
iDches in diameter, and over this we
securely nail a piece of drumhead (II)
for the receiver or vibrator. This
should be soaked in warm water before
it is put on-so that it will be pliable, and
when it dries it will be stretched tight.
I bought a toy drum for 15 cents which
furnished the two vibrators. It makes
the box look better, and holds the
drumhead securely, to fasten a mould
si
FABU TELEPHONE.
ing over the drumhead around the
edge of the box, mitered together at
the corners.
You must use brass or copper wire.
We pay 50 cents for a spool of 300 feet.
I tried a nice, smooth iron or steel wire
for one line, and it worked just as well
at first, and as it cost but 10 cents for
300 feet, I thought I had made a valu
able discovery; but in a week or two
the wire broke and after repeated
patching we were obliged to give it
up. We have had very little trouble
vrith the copper wire, and have not had
to repair it at all for a year or more at
a time.
In putting the box up we screw tho
projecting ends of the strips to a door
or window casing at one end (at B and
D) and then set spools behind the
other ends of the strips (at C and E).
We attach the wire to the drumhead
by passing it through the center and
then through a button mold, N, an inch
in diameter. This distributes the
pressure over a large enough space so
that there is no danger of tearing it
The wire should be stretched so tight
a* to depress the center of the drum
head about an inch, and if at any time
the tension gets slack it should be
tightened. Keep the wire from rest
ing against the wood where it passes
through the hole into the house. This
can be done by driving three or four
nails around it, leaving the heads out
so you can tie strings to them, and
pass them around the wire so as to
keep it in the center of the hole. Set
the poles to which the wire is to be at
tached a little out of line, so the wire
when stretched will be a few inches
from them, and then hold it in place
by a short cord or loop of wire at
tached to the pole. If the wire passes
through a tree top or hedge, sec that
the branches are cut away where they
would rest on the wire. It seems to
me that these directions are plain
enough so that anyone can put up a
satisfactory telephone. Waldo F.
Brown, in Ohio Farmer.
Tight Covers for Cisterns.
An uofreezable cistern that has run
ning water can be made by inclosing
with a tight-fitting cover. A New
York subscriber has tried cement, but
every winter it breaks up as far as the
frost reaches. He wishes to make a
pond fifteen feet across to contain
running water. Prof. Walter Flint
of the Maine agricultural college, says:
"The only way to make a cement cis
tern that will stant? winter weather is
to have a tight cover. With running
water and a cover, freezing can be
prevented, and that is the only way to
save a cistern no matter what it is
made of. Freezing will destroy even
a boiler iron tank. The chances are
with a cement cistern, even if the
water is drawn off, the outside frost
will crack the cement."—American
Agriculturist.
Shipping Fruit In lias.
An experiment is tp be tried in ship
ping California fruit in carbonic acid
gas, in order to save the expense of
refrigerator cars which, front the stale
to Chicago, cost 8125 each. Growers
who have made the test assert that if
fruit is surrounded with this gas all
decay and deterioration are arrested
and th' flavor of the fr*.iit not im
paired. An ordinary car has been
zinc lined so as to be practically air
tight It will be tilled with fruit and
the gas introduced, obtained from an
abandoned quicksilver mine near San
Jose. A condenser filled with the
liquefied gas will be placed in the car
to supply any possible leakage.
Made a Noise In the World.
"What became of the Ilodgkin boys?"
asked a New Yorker of a friend, upon
returning after many years' absence,
to his old home in the country.
"Wal, Jim's runnin' the old farm,
and Tom's preachin' in the south, and
Billy's tend in' the post office at Wav
erly."
"There was miother," r<*lßfirked the
city man. "Wasn't his name Ed? He
went west Was anything ever heard
from him?"
"Heard from him? Yes, I should think
ao. He's made noise enough in this
world. Why, he beats a gong in a
railroad eatin' station." —N. Y. Herald.
Found at Last.
Inventor—l've hit a money-making
thing at last The preachers will go
crazy over it and it will sell like hot
cakes. It's a church contribution
box.
Friend—What good is that?
Inventor—lt's a triumph The coins
fall through slot# of different sizes,
and all dollars, halves, quarters and
dimes land ou velvet, but the nickels and
pennies drop on to a Chinese gong.—
N. Y. Weekly
Mary's Little Lamb.
Mary bad a Uttle Umt>.
Which grew to be a owe:
It followed her to school ono day. sod th"n It
realized what a fool It was. for the &<-:iool
was a culslae college. »uJ there It soju
• oiuvwo sit*
No 45
the d AWV.
MODEL DAIRY HOUSE.
Joit Large Knoacb to Accommodate Nice
ly Twelve Cows.
There at'e at least two indispensable
requisites for a perfect honse for cows,
and a perfect house might well be
called a model. Of course tastes dif
fer. but ample space and convenient
arrangement are certainly two indis
pensable te jaisttes in this connection.
The accompanying diagram is a copy
of a cow stable that hns been found
entirely satisfactory to many persona
who have exacted precisely the condi
tions of our correspondent. It is
roomy. Each cow has four feet ol
stall and feeding-box. The depth of
floor from manger to gutter is five
feet The feeding-boxes are two feet
wide, and are so arranged that the
food is thrown on the floor but the
cow cannot get her feet over the parti
t ion, this being made V-shaped for the
cow to get her head to the feed, while
a low wall in front at the feeding pas
sage holds the food from scattering.
50. *-» I
fsf fP *|
\ "•
STABLE FOR TWELVE COWS. S—Slope: SO
Silo; C—Calves: F R—Feed Koom; FP
Feed Passage: G —Gutter: P—Platform.
A water supply arrangement may be
fitted in the feed-boxes if desired. The
gutter is 18 inches wide and 6 deep,
and should drain into some receptacle,
manure cellar or cistern, conveniently
placed.
The feed passage goes right through
the building, so that a wagon load of
green fodder may be brought through
for distribution among the cattle.
Sloping platforms are provided for the
passage. A silo is provided, as shown,
opening into the feedroom. A stable
for calves is in the rear, so that they
may be fed conveniently from the main
passage.
The walking stage is feet wide,
and a door opens from this into the
feedroom for convenience of the at
tendant, as also another door from the
stalls. Plenty of doors save many
steps; but these doors should always
open into the stable and have springs
to close and latch them, that no acci
dent might happen by careless leaving
of a door open. Bins, of course, will
be provided in the feedroom.
It is safest, especially with costly
cattle, to have u sufficient partition be
tween the cows that each may lie safe
from danger of being trodden on by
her neighbor. By fitting up such a
stable as this with some attention to
ornament, it will make a handsome
structure, while with the most eco
nomical style of building.it will be neat
and attractive—at least it has proved
so in many instances.
The dairy-house should be sufficient
ly distant from the stable that no
offensive odort may reach it. This is
of the greatest importance For
twelve cows a building 10 by 24 feet
will be large enough. It should have
two apartments, one 18 by 8, for the
cold-setting-room, in which will bean
ice-closet with a door opening into
this room, and an outside one for put
ting the ice into the refrigerator in
which butter is stored. The other
part of the building will serve for a
churning-room, and for putting up the
butt«r. A porch will hold fuel and
such things as may need a separate
storing place. An attic will be useful
for storing packages for the butter. If
it is desired to use a separator, a small
annex for an oil cngiDe may be at
tached as a wing. If the deep-setting
apparatus is used, this building will
be quite large enough. If a separator
is used, the room will serve for the
cream room, in which it is Btored for
ripening. All needed water supply and
drains to carry off waste milk to the
pig-pens, and slop from the washing
sinks, must be provided. The floor of
the dairy should be painted, and the
building will be heated by a base
burning stove, or by steam, if there is
a supply of it.—Henry Stewart, in
Country Gentleman.
MILK THE COWS CLEAN.
The Strlppinics I'iiull; Are the Richest
Milk of All.
Divide the milking as done into four
equal portions, says C. R. Valentine,
and there will be ten per cent, of
cream in the first part and forty per
cent in the last. Cows should be
milked regularly and clean, the strip
pings being the richest milk of aIL
The milk should not be kept any time
in the cow house. It would be better
to put it outside at once, if it cannot
be taken into the dairy immediately.
The cream, upon being taken into the
dairy, should bo strained through a
close sieve at once. If milk was
cooled to a very low temperature im
mediately after it was taken from the
cow. it would keep very much longer.
The best position for a dairy is a quar
ter under ground, out of the way of
odors of gas arising from the cow
house and the decomposition of ma
nure. The windows looking to the
north should be covered with perfo
rated rinc, and the floor paved with
flags, which should be kept dry. It is
a great mistake to think, with a damp
floor, the milk will keep better; be
cause the damp tends to the develop
ment of the organic germs which at
tack the milk. Nothing having an of
fensive odor should be kept in the
dairy, such as onions and parffin oil,
which was sometimes the case. If, in
churning, tho butter comes too quick
ly, It will be well to add a little water
to It The butter should never come
under twenty-five minutes. Cream
should never be completely covered
over.— Prairie Farmer.
A MIGHT* liOSO TBAMP.
Not uu Entire Failure.
Mr. Newed -Dou't feel bo badly, dar
ling, because your first pk> w»# » fail
ure l see a way by whlr.h It cao make
our fortune.
Mrs. Newed ithrough Ufif t£®T6)^
now?
Mr Newed—l'll "ear It u a bullet
proof breast-plate, and exhibit
in a muac-vuß —• Htyrpw'"# mag-