VOL. XX. 1 1!!!!!!!!! JOHN BICKEL, WHO IS MSIU ISERT (01TIESE SHOES 111 WILLI, Aad Who Takes Orders for the Custom Work of this Firm. ALSO 350 Pairs of Slippers, bought at Sheriffs Sale to be closed out cheap. ALSO SOO Pairs of Plow Shoes, all sizes, to be sold cheap. ALSO lifge assortment of Mens' Fiue Wear in all the Latest Styles, Low apd fligh Cuts English Pals, Buttons, Pop Pedro, etc. AXiSO All the IJest New England, New York and Philadelphia makes of all kinds ol boots, shoes and slippers always on hands. ALSO All kinds of Leather and Findings, large stock of French Calf and Kips American Calf and Kips, Moroccoes, Linings, Sheffield Red Sole gli(l Baltimore Qak-Sole Leather. ALSO Our own Band Work, which CANNOT be excelled in Butler either for Style, Work or Material. ALSO Farmers can have their repairing and mending done on the same day they bring it in. JOHN BICKEL, MAIN STREET, BUTLER, PA. WW—ll^—WffffWW—Wil'-M—l I " "Mi-Mi- NEW STORE. NEW STOCK A NEW AND COMPLETE STOCK OP JLLHTLIR IN FMNMES JUST NTTENTD.IL CMTWD•tntMUXfk SOLE! - FRENCH AND DOMESTIC KIPAND CAI.F. COLLAR. TVELT, SKIRTING - - PM-'fINP, £AjtNEB!j A'Np LACE LEATHER A23T33 IFlltfiK ETC- ALSO KA&VrACTURKROF ALL KINDS OF Carriage, Buggy and Wagon Harness, Collars, Etc., Etc. Andean-? a fall stock of Whips, Bobes, Blaukete, Brashes, aud all other Goods belonging to the Basic ess. AH Of Repairing will Recede Prompt Attention. itwi-idaaa call *o4 eiamiae oar Goods and gat Privflb before you purchase elsewhere. ' salr Always on Hand. PAW P9® H!P® S A>;I) E^lts. 6. ROUSING, tteibertj Block Jefferaon Street, opposite Lowry House, Bntler, Ta D. A. HECK CARPETS, CLOTHING AND GENTS' FURNISHING GOODS. JUSTICE TO AH. ONE PRICE ONLY. TERMS CASH. DUFF'S' 3 BLOCK. MAIN ST., BUTLER, PA C. B. BARRETT & CO., WHOLESALE JEWELERS, PITTSBURGH, 3r>A., Have KB BE* |SB"#S"W" BT* TS to much larger and more commodious nniTIUV fiM rooißß ip "ARBUCKLE BUILDING," Noa. 238 k 840 Liberty St. (cor. Wood St.) A large asssortment and a full line of WATCHES, CLOCKS, JEWELRY, SILVER and PLATED Wa&E, LOOSE and W atph Material, Ac., at j'dtftefcVVV# vorfc Jobbing prices. Wholesale exclusively. Air Remember the change to 238 and 240 Liberty St., (cor. Wood,) next door to Jos. IJorne & Co.' Wholesale Store. mar2l'3m. NMRSfIIS A»4 will ftocip|#i<»7 thw«i tht blfod in the entire ivfUm in three months. Any permn who will take ONE PILL BilHiSMfe For Dyspepsia, SJI f | f V.HIOn Costive ness, Headache, Chronic Diar -9 rhce* f Jaundice, Impurity of the Blood, Fewer and Ague, Malaria, lllMlUllOlif and aU Diseases caused by De rangement of Liver, Bowels and Kidneys. SYMPTOMS OF A DISEASED IIVER. Bad Breath; Pain in the Side, sometimes the . riin is felt under the Shoulder-blade, mistaken for heumatism; general loss of appetite; Boweij generally costive, sometimes alternating with lax; the head is troubled with pain, is dull and heavy, with considerable loss of memory, accompanied with a painful sensation of leaving undone something which ought to have been done; a slight, dry cough and flushed face is sometimes an attendant, often mistaken for consumption; the patient complains of weariness and debility; nervous, easily startleti: feet cold or burning, sometimes a prickly sensation of the skin exists; spirits are low and desponden:, and, although satisfied that exercise would be bene ficial, yet one can hardly summon up fortitude to tiy it—in fact, distrusts every remedy. Severa. of the above symptoms attend the disease, but cases have occurred wnen but few of them existed, yet examination after death has shown the Liver to have been extensively deranged. It should be used by all persons, old and young, whenever any of the above symptoms appear. Persons Traveling or living in Un healthy Localities, by taking a dose occasion ally to keep the Liver in healthy action, will avoid all Malaria, Bilious attacks. Dizziness, Nau sea, Drowsiness, Depression of Spirits, etc. It will invigorate like a glass of wine, but is no in toxicating beverage. If Tou have eaten anything hard of digestion, or feel heavy after meals, or sleep less at night, take a dose and you will be relieved. Time and Doctors' Bills will be saved by always keeping the Regulator ' in the House I For, whatever the ailment may be, a thoroughly safe purgative, alterative and tonic can never dc out of place. The remedy is harmless and does not interfere with business or pleasure. IT IS PURELY VEGETABLE, And has al| the power and efficacy of Calomel or Quinine, without any of the injurious after effects. A Governor's Testimony. Simmons Liver Regulator has been in use in my family for some time, and I am satisfied it is a valuable addition to the medical science. J. GILL SHORTER, Governor of Ala. lion. Alexander H. Stephens, of Ga., says: Have derived some benefit from the use of Simmons Liver Regulator, and wish to give it a further trial. "The only Thing that never fails to Relieve."—l have used many remedies for Dys pepsia, Livtr Affection and Debility, but never Lave found anything to benefit me to the extent Simmons Liver Regulator has. I sent from Min nesota to Georgia for it, and would send further for such a medicine, and would advise all who are sim ilarly affected to eivc it a trial as it seems the only thing that never fails to relieve. P. M. JANNKV, Minneapolis, Minn. Dr. T. W. Mason says: From actual ex perience in the use of Siiqmon* "Liver Regulator in my practice I have been and am satisfied to uso and prescribe it as a purgative medicine. only the Genuine, which always has on the Wrapper the red Z Trade-Mark and Signature of J. 11. ZEILIN Si CO. FOR SALE BY ALL DRUGGISTS. * HOUSEHOLD WORDS. * !"For Blck Stomach, bad taste, sinking £? spells and palpitation, rely wholly on I'K BUNA." 1 f For want of Appetite, ltystiepsla, In digestion and Liver Complaint, take l'K- © KUKA; It never falls. "■■■■■■■■■■ jj "2 "For Cramp of the Stomach or Colic, C 9 Per Una in largedoses is Infallible." ABE ® "Those in literary, professional or com- JS mercialpursuits, need I'EKPN A." ■■■ R* «3 "For Sick Headache, pain In the head, o M dizziness and low spirits, take I'ebi;na." - • 8 Read and study our book on the " Ills of . r Life follQwitS teaching* "nil l>e happy, r? q ''Ladles, if you wisli strength, health. M and beauty, sweet breath, cherry lips and m 3 rosy cheeks, take I'EBI'NA before each o meaI."BBnBnBBnWHH >, •'For Chronic Catarrh, Nervous I>e- g" £1 billty. diseases of the l.lver ftnd Kidneys. « take PERUNA." ■■■■■■Hal JS Ask your druggist for our pamphlet on o< 5 the "Illsof Life." S. B. llarttnaii & " 0 ™ Osborn, Ohio, proprietors. ■■■■■■■ o For Constipation, Liver, Kidneys, take • THE TESTS OF I 40 YEARS; _ PROVE BEYOND DOUBT THAT PeiryDamsPainKiller IS THE GREAT HEALTH KEEPER, THE RELIEVER Of piSTJiESS ! THE COMFORTER FOR PAIN THE ENEMY OF DISEASE AND A FRIEND OF THE FAMILY, WHICH SHOULD ALWAYS BE AT HAND. EVERY DRUGGIST kee?? FerryDavis'sPaiiiKiller BUTLERCO UJN T Y Mutual Fire Insurance Co. Office Cor. Main and Cunningham Sts. J. C. ROESSING, Peesident. WM. CAMPBELL, TreaSUHKR. 11. C. HEINEMAN, Secretauy. DIRECTORS: J. L. Pnrvls, E. A. Helmboldt, William Campbell, J. W. Burkbart, A. Troutman, Jacob Schoene, G. O. Roessinp, John Oaldwell, Dr. W. lrvin, J. J. Croll, A. B. Rhodes, O-'C. Heinesaan. JAS. T» M'JUNKIN, tten. Ag't- BUTLER low in price; selling fast; Heeded everywhere; IJb«rsl terms Bradley, GarreUoa h TtiriICDCWANTEDSIOO.^ v^A^tepi si li a zrzji uTMiSfmamm I# s/ix.ART,n We ypt T>pr»»T a few ro ro'lr.ble mon to .v»tl ou* 2Cur>c*ry suh U. Any luanof pluck, energy and per -B«'\ oraiu*<- <-iri sUfOftnl without proviousexperience. SituntioiM jtrrmuuvt .:\xm\ |my large. Particulars free on application. AdciresH. -intms aer, and enclos ins stamp, 15. O. t'BMKK & CO.. iThc Chase Nurseries', UUNEVA, N. Y, "THE BIST IB CHCAPIST." mm, THRFSHFR^ SAWIILLB > HonePotert« nnCOnCnO floverl^iHeri (Raited to all K-ctioiu.) Write for KEE lUua. Pimp M.4 •ad Price, to Tiu> Aultwn & Taylor 00.. Muafl.id, Ohfm. Advertise iu the Citizen. BUTLER, PA., WEDNESDAY, MAY 2. 1883 A CUBAN SUGAR FARM. Seen at a little distance, a Cuban sugar farm is a pretty and picturesque sight. It is placed usually on some , broad stretch of land, rising and drop- : ping in graceful curves. Pleasant groves of trees, glades of woodland, j and far mountains, suffused in poetic j blue haze, lend a lovely general effect : to the picture. On one of the central curves rises the planter's home. It is often a Chinese puzzle of architecture, with no end of projecting points and piazza work, covered with lattices so as to let in the breeze while it keeps out j the heat, and so lined with high colors j of red or blue that in the distance it often looks like a great toy box. A little way from this dwelling is a solid beam, set firmly in masonry and sup porting the plantation bell. Farther away still is the vast mass of mixed up buildings that make up the sugar works, flanked by the heaps of crushed dry cane which is used as fuel for the boiler. Then grouped at various dis tances from this plantation center are the rough mud and lath houses of the negro hands in all stages of architec tural decrepitude. Beyond the eye lights on the cane fields, if one may use that term for what is rather a vast prairie of cane. It is peculiarly hard to dojustice to the beauty of one of these sugar cane oceans, its surface breaking into green waves under the wind, its solid mass of verdure still further keep, ing up the watery effect, and its re moter bounds reaching far away until they almost touch the horizon. Dot this scene with, stately palms lifting their tufted heads sixty feet high, with moving figures of horsemen and toiling negroes, with frame works of loaded cane drawn by four yoked cattle, and the spectacle, seen from a distance where detail is lost, charms the eye with its pastorial loveliness. But with nearer vision, when the out-line is lost and details arebrought to clearer view, one finds grim realities of thriftlessness. Everything seems bat tered and worn and weather-stained. There is a prevailing air of unthrift and carelessness pervading the place. The trim orchards, the clean yards, and neat gardens that go with wealth in more temperate zones have no place 1 here. The sugar mill is rough and un painted, its machinery rusty, and the broken cane trodden under foot gives it a barn-yard semblance. Even the planter's own dwelling, with its once fiery paint, has a washed-out and dilapidated look which its interior often confirms. Worst of all are the half-wrecked homes of the negro hands, with the mud falling from yawning cracks, the timbers decased or broken, and their outward and inward aspect rivalling the mud huts of squalid Ire land. Among these poor dwellings wander frowsy and fierce dogs, half- 1 naked black women and entirely naked black children of both sexes. SUGAR CULTURE. Sugar cane produces no natural seed, but is propagated from cuttings placed iu shallow trenches through the fields two or three feet apart. The young plants spring from the joints of the buried cane, aud continue thus to grow for several years without new plantings, somewhat after the manner of|the aparagus of our Northern climes. But each year the growth becomes in ferior, until the planting has at last to be renewed. Though at first having to be weeded, while the ground is kept clear, the cane is soon left itself when once it begins to shade tho soil so as to prevent the growth of ob structive plants. Most curious of all is t'he change that ensues as soon as the cane begins to ripen at its lower joints. Then tfoe long, sward-like leaves thtvt surrounds the under part pf the stfilk loosen one by one. Final ly they drop off, and as joint after joint softens the dry leaves make a tangled thick mattress on the ground covering thousands of acres and highly inflam mable. Readers of this letter will many of them recall the frequent re ports telegraphed during the late Cuban rebellion of the immense destruction caused by firing the The explanation is to be found in the ease with which a whole sugar crop can be set in flames by a touch of the match to this jungle of dry leaves that underlies and penetrates the standing cane. Fire is the Cuban planter's nightmare. A careless toss of a half burned cigarette, a spark from a negro's cabin, an ignited s«*tcfo, signify tbe loss bf ft year's crop and absolute ruin. Most dangerous of all, a re vengeful negro has it in his power to inflict a loss of tens of thousands of dol lars on his employer. I have heard of one of the clever devices which the negro uses to Are plantations and at the same time prove an alibi. lie takes a light box, with a candle cet within Equipped with this and a bunch of piatches, be crawls to the center of a sugar cane tract. He then so fixes the candle that it must burn through the box before the flame can reach the malted cane leaves. A touch of the match does the rest, and the fugitive has time to escape and appear among the working hands long before the dis tant smoke and spreading f,aiue3 \fftPU the plapter of the' impending calamity. ! "A sugar crop has to be watched liko ' a baby," said a Cuban planter recently ! speaking to me of cane culture. If di:n»er is apprehended, the watchers guard it at every point, and short thrift is given the black man ever caught in the incendiary aft. If reaches the courts b' s cbnn&es are far hotter than thbae '£iyen' by' tb? quick ballet of tb*e guard. Outside of tbi3 peril of fire I cannot find that sugar culture id more pre- ; carious than any other agricultural in dustries. But it exhausts the soil rap idly, so that its fertility needs constant renewal by manures; and a plantation of three or four thousand acres, with its own or two hundred banjis, iisi scores of ox teams, its postly feugar houSe, casks, cultivators, and various appurtenances, needs a Vast amount of working capital. I have beard of ope of tbeso sugar farms on which the sugar mill alone with its improved machinery, cost $200,000. Some of the largest planters even go to the expense of ramifying the caue tract with narrow-guage railroads, some of them two or three miles long, to bring the cane economically to the crushing mill. Americans who have lived here in Cuba all agree as to the ordinary character of the Cuban sugar planter. He is kindly, hospitable, courteous and very often an educated and refined gentleman. But he is dreadfully .improvident and wasteful. The $50,000 or more which he may make in a good sugar year is often dis sipated in Havana before the next year begins. His plantation is apt to be loaded with debt, and this, with the stupendous taxes that he pays and his persistency in never looking ahead, ex plains the miserable plight in which so many of the rich Cuban sugar farms are found at the present time. MAKINtI SUGAR To explain fully the process of sugar making would require too technical and prosy a narrative to recite here. But the methods for all practical purposes may be divided into two—one the im proved process producing the better grade of "centrifugal" sugar, the other producing the old process, or "Musco vado" article of commerce. The cane stalks, from four to eight feet long, cut and stripped of their leaves, are brought to the mill. Then, strewn on a broad belt, working on the principle of an endless chain, they are passed between three great rollers laid very close to gether and worked by steam. Thence the thin watery fluid, very sweet to the taste and yellowish in hoe, passes to a succession of boiling-pans or round caldrons, where it is boiled down by slow degrees, until the crystallization point is reached, much the same as is done with the maple sap, of our own country. When the last boiling is ended, the product is a mass of crystal lized sugar, soaking in molasses. To get rid of the molasses, the old plan, and the one still adopted on unimprov ed Cuban estates, is to pour the mix ture into hogsheads and let the syrup drain off for several weeks through the cracks. This produces the Muscovado sugar, an article inferior in saccharine strength to the "centrifugal" product. To make the latter the sugar and molasses mixture is placed in a huge perforated cylinder, which may be likened to a great sieve. This cylinder revolves on an upright axis in another large cylindrical vessel. Whirled theu with an enormous number of revolu tions a minute, the liquid is thrown out, leaving the sugar crystals dry, and doing in a few minutes, and far more effectively, the work of weeks by the Muscovado method. The crystals left behind vary in size from a mere speck to a small pea. This crude sugar has aburnt brown tint,and tastes much like the rock candy of the confectioner. The scum that rises during the various boilings, the refuse juice and fermented molasses is treated by distillation to make rum. So brief a description as this of sugar making does not, how ever, even hint at the sfcill and exper ience exacted in the process. The sugar maker has to treat the raw juice chemically to prevent fermentation, must know to a nicety all the variations of heat in boiling, must be able to de tect and measure the degrees of crys tallization, and must be versed in a dozen other points only acquired ty years of experiencej*nci acute observa The grains or, more correctly speak ing, crystals of crude sugar, still remain colored externally by tL.e molassos. One of the looftl methods of whitening tfeew, producing a "refined" article, is to place the sugar in inverted conical moulds, with a hole at the lower ex tremity. Then the invered base of the cone is plastered over with a wet mix ture of clay and bullock's blood. The moisture, percolating through the mass, drips out below, and washes the grains clean. When the clay is quite dry the sugar is taken from the mould, and is of a cloudy white color, not yery at tractive to tho ejfe, but a saccha rine Strength that far surpasses that of the more sightly pure white crystals turned out by our great refineries. These latter are partly the result of a chemical process of bleaching, and Cubans always refer to their sightly appearance with laughing contempt. Their home-made P,rti9\c, iU>y aver, onjy is iuiich more sweet, but dis solves oompletely in both cold and hot fluids, while the English and American factory product leaves a residuum. The gross sugar product of Cuba is each year worth probably not less than $100,000,000, of which aboqt to the United Jn the season when the prop is sent to market there is a semblance of life tb.e railroad lines and at the dock? of the cbiof sea ports. But when one sees the enor mous natural resources of the country, its size, its unimproved lands, and then contrasts the sugar product with the possibilities, the sugar crop, large as it is, seems positively contemptible. In truth, the planter labors under some harassing drawbacks, almost sation of the slave system into free labor, high rates for working capital, are foes not to be despised. Neverthe less, after all has been said, the planter's worst enemy is himself, with his tropi cal listlcssness, his morbid lack of en terprise and the extravagance which fallows a provable year and in evitably casis its shadows on the ue^t. —An island of Vermillion Bay, on the coast of Louisiana, bas a solid mass of salt at a depth of twenty feet so hard that it requires to be mined with dynamite and ground in steam mills. About 200 tons a day are ta ken out. 1 M«\ls wUeat, Il'.ati few moths. Makes too much n >ise, ricks off blossoms, —Tho sparrow ■[ Eats early lettuce, 1 Drives oil useful birda,, Pisligures buildings, Befouls gutters, sing. Equalizing Taxation. The following bill is now pending in | the Legislature and is attracting much interest. It was prepared and present ed by a committee of the Pennsyl -1 vanian State Grange and embodies the j views of the Orange upon the question of equalizing taxation: THE PROPOSED ACT. Be it enacted, etc. SECTION 1. From and after the pas sage of this act assessors of the several townships, boroughs and cities of the Commonwealth shall annually, in the month of November, assess all taxable persons, natural and artificial, owning or in possession, of real estate and visi ble personal property, at its actual cash value ; also all bonds, mortgages, notes, bills and other evidence of debt of any and every form whatsoever, bearing interest and due from solvent debtors, except only the property authorized to be exempted from taxation by the First Section of the Ninth Article of the Constitution of Pennsylvania. SEC. 2. To enable said Assessors to ascertain all personal property not visi ble, every taxable person, firm, asso ciation and corporation shall furnish said Assessors with a written state ment of all interest bearing Bonds, Mortgages, Notes, Bills and other Evi dence of Debt of any and every form whatsoever owned or held in trust and due from solvent debtors, the amount of which several obligations shall be set to the name of every such taxable person, firm, association or corporation in the assessment book, and all such real estate and personal property thus ascertained shall form the basis or amount for which the owner or owners shall be taxable, and any and every obligation or evidence of debt that shall not be entered in the Assessor's book shall, while so withheld from assess ment, be uncollectable by any suit, process or proceeding whatsoever, and all interest thereon shall be forfeited during such time, and the several As sessors shall file in the Commissioner's office all the statements furnished to them, which shall be preserved among the records of said office. SEC. 3. The said Assessors shall as sess all taxable corporations of every name and kind authorized by the laws of Pennsylvania, or any other State, or the United States, doing or transacting business within this State, with the actual cash value of their capital stock as represented by shares or otherwise. SEC. 4. Assessors shall state in the assessment books the amount secured by Dower, Mortgage, Judgment or charge upon the premises of any taxa ble person, firm, association or corpor ation or charge thereon, and deduct the same from the valuation of the en cumbered property: Provided, said taxable person, firm, association or corporation shall pay the yearly amount of lax upon such Dower, Mortgage, Judgment or charge to the collector of the tax, which amount the said taxable person, firm, association or corporation shall be entitled to oflfeet as payment for interest or principal upon said Dow *r, Mortgage, Judgment or charge. SEC. 5. Assessors shall make returns annually, on or before the 15th day of December, to the County Commission ers or Board of Control, as the case may be, of their assessments and valu ations. SEC. 6. The County Commissioners and Board of Control shall furnish the Assessors annually with suitable books, blanks and papers for each district, and every Assessor elected cur appointed by authority of law shall, before entering upon the duties of his office, make oath or affirmation to render a true and cor rect assessment directed by the pro xisions of this Act; and any Assessor who shall willfully neglect or refuse to assess all property at its actual cash value and make a return thereof and of liens and charges on real estate thereon, shall be guilty of a misdemeanor, and upon conviction thereof be punished by a fine of not less than one hundred dol lars and imprisouifceut in the county jaii fo,r a term of not less than thirty days nor more than one year. SEC. 7. County Commissioners and Boards of Control shall annually, in the month of December, tabulate the returns of the Assessors, to ascertain the exact amount of taxable property iu their respective counties and cities, it stall be the duty of the Gov ernor oithe State to furnish anually to the said County Commissioners and Board of Control an estimate of the amount necessary to be furnished by the several counties and citie3 respective ly, to defray the expense of the Legislative, Wx«cutiye and Judicial departments of the State Government, including interest on the pqblio debt, expenses of the department of Public Instruction, and the amount authorized bylaw for Common Schools, Soldiers' Orphan Schools, Charitable Institu tions, Pensions and Gratuities and National Guards, to enable the Com missioners and Boards of Control of the several counties and cities to farm an approximate standard or assess ment • and Commissioners of counties and Boards of Control of cities shall annually estimate the cost of their re spective County Governments, includ ing expenses of the Courts of Justice, support of prisons and other institu tions in the care of thp oounty. The proper officer of Townships and Bor > cughs shall annually estimate the cost of the Borough or Township Govern ments, including costs of Schools, maintenance of Roads, Bridges and support of Poor and return the same to the County Commissioners annual ly. The several amounts so ascertain ed of tax required for the annual sup port of the Governments of Pennsylva nia shall form the standard fof taxa tion. B«ia 8. T!ie Countv Commissioners of the several Counties and the Boards of Control of Cities shall levy annual ly on or before the first day of May a mill rate of taxation equal on all prop ertv assessed against each and every taxable person, firm, association or I corporation within the County, and \ make out and issue to the collectors of the respective districts duplicates, al phabetically arranged, of all such per ; sons, firms, associations and corpora tions assessed in accordance with j the provisions of this Act. SEC. 9. County Commissioners and | Hoards of Control shall appoint annu ally a suitable person for Collector in each assessment district, and every Collector before authorized to receive a duplicate shall give a Judgment Bond with approved sureties in double the sum of the amount of his duplicate; said Bond to contain a confession of judgment, and the said Commission ers or Board of Control shall enter the same of record in the Court of Com mon Pleas in the proper County. Ev ery Collector appointed under this Act shall be required to collect the several amounts on his duplicate by the first day of January next succeeding his appointment and pay the same to the Treasurer of his county or officer of his city authorized to receive the same, and when a Collector has paid over all amounts not exonorated by lawful authorities, he and his sureties shall be discharged from his Bond. Col lectors shall be entitled to a commis sion of 5 per cent, on all sums collect ed : Provided, That any taxable per son, firm, association or corporation, who shall pay his tax direct to the treasurer of the County on or before the first day of September, shall have abated from his tax the amount of per centage otherwise paid to the collector. SEC. 10. Commissioners of Counties and Boards of Control in Cities shall annually authorize the Treasurers of their respective Counties and Cities to pay to the Treasurer of the State of Pennsylvania, on or before the first day of September, the amount provided for the State Government in Section 7 of this Act; also to the Treasurers of the several Townships and Boroughs and School Districts in their respec tive counties the amount provided for Township, Borough and School Dis tricts in said Section 7 of this Act. SEC. 11. County Treasurers shall be paid a salary to be fixed by the County Commissioners of the respec tive counties, which salary shall not exceed one and one half per cent, on all moneys received and disbursed. SEC. 12. All laws which are incon sistent with this Act of taxation by general law are hereby repealed. Farm Notes. —Damaged corn is exceedingly in jurious as food for horses, because it brings on inflammation of the bowels and skin diseases. —A Vermont sheep-raiser says that the best method of doctoring sheep for foot rot is to wet the foot of every sheep in the flock found lame, thorough ly with kerosene or coal oil, and put what sulphur you can take iu the thumb and finger between the hoofs of each loot. Keep them in a dry place for twelve hours. Repeat this opera tion in about two weeks, and you will Lave no more trouble. —Kerosene oil may be used for de stroying insects on plants by taking a tablespoonful of oil and mixing it with half a cupful of milk and then diluting the mixture with two gallons of water. Apply the liquid with a syringe, and afterward rinse with clear water. This substance is death to plant insects, and we have never heard of its injuring the most delicate plants when used as here directed. —lt is an injury to plants to fre quently water on the surface ; to water thoroughly when the plants require it is essential. Reflection will convince any one that a pot full of soil and a mass of roots in the center cannot re ceive sufficient water to wet the roots thoroughly, if applied on the top of the pot in moderate quantities daily. It is time saved once a week to place tbo plants in a deep vessel of water; keep in the water until the air bubbles cease; it will keep the plants healthy as does the evening dew. —One of the best protected classes in the country are the gunners. Game is reserved for them by natural right, and the robin, pewce, partridge, wren, bluebird, woodpecker or humming bird anything that has feathers— must hang lifeless at the side of the sportsman as evidences of his skill. In the meantime farmers are asking for better methods of destroying insects, and wonder why they are more numer ous than formerly. " It is all wrong this matter a/ allowing our game birds to hreed at one period merely to be mercilessly slaughtered at another. The birds are not too many at any time. —lf a corn plant be dug up at any period during its later growth, the greater part of the feeding roots will be found away from the hill, extending, as seems evident in some cases, to a distance of at least twelve feet. This range of the roots cannot be purpose less, but is a provision whereby this strong-growing plant gathers its food from a large area and competes with ita neighbering plants. How rapidly these roots grow we know not, but we can say with certainty that they may exteud at least three inches daily through the most favorable season, under favoring conditions The broad cast fertilixing is a better way for corn than hill fertilizing seems in accordance with careful observation. —lf everybody told everybody, what everybody thought of everybody, everybody would think but little of everybody. Wong Chin Foo, the editor of the Chinese American, will publish in a short time his English translation of the greatest historical Chinese drama, "Fan Ton; or The Royal Slave" which ranks in Chinese literature as Homer's "Illiad" and "Odyssey" do in Greek, and Shakespeare's historical plays do in I English literature. It was written 1300 years ago by Rung Ming, a di rect decendant of Confucius. At that time civilization was at its highest point. Men and women studied at the same universities and competed for the same literary honors. Since that time the play has steadily held its place on the Eastern stage. Millions in Patents. There are a number of men in West ern Pennsylvania who have made mil lions of dollars out of inventions of one kind or the other. There are Geor"e Westinghouse, Col. E. A. L Roberta and Capt. McMillan, who are the most prominent patentees that have become fabulously wealtnv in a few years from their inventions. Westinghouse ob tained his first patent on his air-brake in ISGy, just about fourteen years ago. He had been engaged for some time in his father's agricultural manufactory at Schenectady. Coming to Pittsburgh he entered an establishment -as a ma chinist. It was not long till bethought of the air-brake and patented it. Out of that invention and with his succeed ing improvements to it he has made several million dollars. At present he is running three large manufacturing establishments, one in Allegheny, another at London and the third at I aris, and is said to be making money with all of theiu. - Colonel Huberts thought of tho torpedo for the use of oil wells while he was lying in a trench at the battle of Fredericksburg. A shell exploded just above him. He thought that something similar might be used in oil wells when the flow began to appear weak. He invented the torpedo for the wells, his idea being that by placing it at the bottom its explosion would open the crevices and cause the oil to flow afresh. Out of that invention he has made an immense amount of money. Captain McMillan invented the steam capstan He was building a boat to be called the 'Silver Wave' and while so doing conceived the idea of running the capstan by steam The invention was popular, and it has become im mensely profitable. It is ased now ou almost every steamboat. —The capacity of pipes is as the square of their diameters. If you dou ble the diameter of a pipe, you increase its capacity four times. —Now they speak of crude Petro leum as a remedy for consumption; better not try it, but take Dr. Bull's Cough Syrup,—the standard cough remedy of our age. It is agreeable to the taste, never fails to cure, and costs 25 cents a bottle. —Ward McConkey, who will be executed next Thursday has the great est appetite of any prisoner in the Alle gheny county jail. At each meal he eats an amount equal to three men then asks for more. scarlet, cardinal rrd, old gold, Navy blue, Seal brown, Diamond Dyes give perfect results. Any fash ionble color, 10 cents. —A libel suit is described as a legal proceeding where a man pavs a law yer SIO,OOO in order to get SI,OOO out of another man who thought tho first man was a fool and is now sure of it. ANSWER THIS.—Is there a person living who ever saw a case of ague, billiousness, nervousness, or neuralgia, or any disease of the stomach, liver, or kidney that Hop Bitters will not cure. —A Allegheny man claims to be able to bottle np sunshine. Now if some fellow will only patent a plan for sticking a finger in water and finding the hole when he withdraws it, we will be perfectly happy. —Somebody cut the line of a raft of 70,000 logs at Warren. The three men asleep on the raft awoke to find it floating down the Allegheny. In spite of their efforts the raft struck a bridge and was broken to pieces. —Speaking of reform, there might be a great deal more of it in the Penn sylvania Legislature.— Ex. Still, we think that body did right to accept Dukes' resignation, and thus diminish the number of reformers.— Norristown Herald. —New York has become the most important centre of the nut trade in this country, the extent of which in dicates that the people have oither se cured patent stomachs or that indiges tion has lost its terrors. Africa used to supply peanuts by the ship load, but now the Southern States cultivate so successfully this popular nut that we are independent, Virginia producing the present season 1,100,000 bushels, Teunesee, 550,000 bushels. North Carolina 120,000 car loads, and in voices of one aud two hundred barrels of tho Texas pecan are now used where they were almost unknown a short time ago. —The colored Baptist church at Bristol in the eastern part of the State, has been stirred by a revival last winter, and many wandering sheep have been gathered into the fold. The flock is led by a shepherd who follows the Baptist creed without deviation aud thinks that immersion is all the more efficacious when the water is cold, recently three men and two women were plunged into the Delaware near Bristol, in the presence of the congre gation and of a noisy crowd of curious spectators. As the pastor stepped into the icy water he yelled to the faltereis on the shore : "Dig am de sort of self sacrifice you oughter lam, and don't you forgit it." A few weeks ago sev eral converts were immersed through a hole in the ice, which was thick enough to bear the congregation asscm- I bled to witness the ceremony. I. P. Dukehart. Supt. of B. & O. It. K. Co.'s Hotels, (Conduc tor on the Baltimore