IPBIWBirTIOI BATEM s Par year, in uirt M W W Othiwtoe .7717. 1 00 No aabecr.pt ion will be discontinued until all vmngM are paid. Poetmaatera neglecting to notify a* when aabaeribara do not take oat thair papers will be bald Uabla for the eabaoripticn. tjaoacnocia from one poatoflloe to anether ahoold gi»« aa U>« nana of the former aa wall aa the praaant offlce. All oommonieatiooa intended for pabttoatici. I a thia paper moat ba aooompanled by the real name of the writer, not for publication bat aa a guarantee of good faith. Marriage and death notices moat ba accompa nied by a reeponaible name. TBB IVTI.BR CITIIKI. VOT YTY BUTLER. PA. V\JLi. AIA, ■ f a Wt B & 3U s ? '-I Os S s u - s ""3 i . >4 -3 x a#Jn O" ~£ it - y> .2 = iv , = iS 3 ® c.S 2 = i- 50 < f-V—' m .fe-s. to S S J | _i s s!|2 lii* *j! lii a» I= 2 s £ fl ' d §?U $ j <r !PBi- c sH^s , oK^ tf 2w o C * C3CS CO g|3is.f.|j-s sS f £ < ;*? 3 Ix'l *S*|= I ► 4 -E a' *= Sis s| « 2 ' s i wg«° tc i l H J V; . -■»■ £a = 2 3 Sri'"- Js 3.2 "7 >—3-3 -5 it I*" ?»:*;• s--" -s ".***-* •*- rs ~ I I • 9 I'lJisfls s Jlailg-is £ U J it!i!iJs=s!JiJs4i!jJ?''J! I I I'■ ■ i JEWLLRY, fit., I i l ' 1 '| sa MY FRIENDS: % | am a rambling wreck of nudity, B If "#?, Esq., your service, advertisin; for the best Jewelry bouse action. I wish to inform the publ bat a fall of WATCHES, CLOCKS • EWELRY, PLATED AND SILVER V A RE,is now being offered at astonishing- * v low prices at the popular and reliable V i ore of \v \ I . S E. ORIEB, jA\ \ I B Note What an old and Reliable House can do Regarding Prices: Bound Nickel Clocki at SIOO i A Good Striking Clock, walnut ca*e 300 Nukcl Watch at ....... 3 00 with alarms 160 day 3 Watch, \ A Good Sinking Clock 200 I 2 Oz. Silver Case. with Amer'n movement 10 00,j c ,n e Ladies Gold Watches at sl2 75 EST All kinds of Sewing Machine Needles at 35 cents per dozen, and No. 1 Sperm Oil at 10 cents per bottle. The only place iu Butler where you can find u full and complete stock of KXH ES, FORKS, SPOONS, &c. 1847.—Rogers Bros.—A I.—none genuine unlesH stamped ("a847. —Rogers Bros—A 1.") I also carry a full line of Eye Glasses and Spectacles, suitable for all eyes and mounted in the most elegant and substantial manner, and am of fering very superior goods at the most reasonable rates. Repairing of Watches and blocks receives our very strict at tention, and is done promptly and warranted. E. GRIEB, Main Street, Butler, Pa. TKI4li I*l NT I'OK MPM'UL tUI'KT. COnilKXfllM l»lh KEBUUAR V, ISH2. .■ JfcHw. Yri . PMmtjft Attorney. j ~ I'lairuifft. Defendant*. Defendant' * Aiuirwy. _ A. I>. Mlllsnbiasi Tliompsoii and McC., LZ Mitchell, ex'r, devisee, et al. A Porter Wilson etal. lirandon C. P. 377 June 1877 Greer and J i) McJ Samuel Shatfner John B Din dinger et al. \IcC. t McQ. and White " 17J Oct. " Met:.. Mitchell and Greer Stephen Brediu J C Redd et al. rhorapaon " s'Jl: " " Ureer and JII McJ., sainael tihaffner John B Dindinger et al. ;McC., McQ. and White E. D. 12h De<\ 187t> Flee<r<-r,Thnmpsou Jt Scott J C Wallace for use iWm M Abrams aud J Y Foster iMcC. A. D. 4Scpt. 1«81 W A Forijuer John II Williams II F Hitchcock jScott. " 30 Dec. " L Z Mitchell School District of Jackson Twrp. Robert Ash, adm'r, et al Scott. C. P. -03* Oct. 1876 EG Miller Dudds Mill Oil Co. Gabriel Barnhart A T Black " 57 Sept. 187 X Campbell & Bredin Alfred Pearce, ex'r, for use J W Kirker, adm'r, et al. IN' Black. McC., et al. « 288 2 1879 Brandon 'Watertowu Fire In*. Co. IE R Stayton et al. Campbell & Donly. ProthonotaryV&ffice, January 14, 1882. M. N. GREER, Prothonotary. Webb'# Eclectric Medicine. SarxwlUve and e#ectual remedy for all Ner i Duf .hk-» m evenr stage of llfe-yottnK or old, e«r fi-male. Hiicli m Tnijtotency. Prostration, at Strength, 10->s of Vitality, Defective Memo %n. Impaired Brain Power, and diseases from whtch an unnatural waste of life springs, all of which cannot fail to undermine the whole system. Every organ is weakened, every power prostrated, and many forms of disease are generated which, tf not ciiecked, pave the way to an early death. It reluvlnates age and relnvlgorates youth. Each package contain* sufficient for two week* .. treatment Write for pamphlet, which wlir be Wat free, with full particular*. yiMaii by all Druggists at So cents a package, or Umlve packages for ft.oo. Will lie lent free by mall on receipt of money, by addressing WKBH'S ECLECTRIC MKDICINE CO.. ▲ cure guaranteed. Buffalo, N. Y. * Bold by D. IL Wuller. Butler, Pa. ]an3 :ly FARM FOR SALE. The Philip Daubcnspeek farm, situated In Enlrvlew township, Butler county, Pa., COD* . laming scvmiyUve acre*, more or ICM, or can make it "tie hundred If wauted, eighty acre* cleared, balance In good timber; all under good fence; Ira ire house, frame barn, frame wsgon •had and wash house. and other oat buildings; p a good yoeng -rcbnrd and frnlt ot all kind, iarm - well watered sntf In a good state of cultivation and la underlaid with coal, liineatoue and other mineral*. The new ralliond now surv<yred rant • few rod* uorth of the tar>n. It U -Hosted lu a good neighborhood, on the public road lead* log from MUlerstown to Brady'* Bond, and two miles froni Earn* City, and a township school fcunse about twenty rod* Irom the farm. Will IM* sold reasonable. For farther particu lar*, Inquire, at the (arto. of PHILIP DAUBENSPECE. ALSO—A frnme dwvlling house with ten ro<<m*, a large lot and stable situated in the bor* ou«h of Butler, In the town c.illud Sprlugdule, on ihe Freejiort raid The new depot i* located within a lew rod* of thin property. Thl* Is good propertv, well watered, and will he «old reason sl>V *iij one »I'll nig to buy thl* prop, erty will please inquire at the tiTizex timet, or of Phiup Oaubeaapcckj near Earn* City, Pa. To Whuni It May Concern. Notice Is hereby given that an Application ' will be uiidc, pursuant to An Act, entitled "An Act to provide lor the Incorporation and regu lation of certain corporation*," approved April 211, A. IJ, 1874, lor u ••liarter oi incorporation of a company to be kih:wii a* ih • Petroleum * o** Company." for the purpose oi supplying •utl Imuibng llglit and lit'al to the pulilie by conveying, by menu* of pip-*, natural ta-» Irom well* in the e..mule* i»l iJutler ai:d Vennugo. ami lor the purpose of ilie iuaiiuls£t|{rt: and supply ol giix, with ilie right to lay nnl in un tain -vieh | ipe» as tiny lie necessary to convey go* Irom tit* pun* ot supply t • the plat e ol de mand or conaii "|4loii, i•(>'l (o luri.biii the same for lighting oi u atiiig in the bor ough ol bu'.ler, or ai ru> h oilw» place or place* in the vicinit. ol siid j.:<* pipe line or line* In the countic alureru d, as till; said corporation m >y desire. AUtiUCT SCHMUCK. ■untitle of William Kbrrl. Letter* of adminUtrailou having been granted to tbe uudeislgucd on the u»tate u' Wll'iam Eocit, dee'd., rate of Saxonhurg, Bu'.ler CO.. Pa., all periiou* knowing theutaelve- indebted to «nid estate are lnrel.y noil tied that Immediate '■ payment 1- required, »ud Koine having claim* agaJust ttu saine to pfescut them duly autUen tttatcd lor sruhnnoriT; PKEDERU K F.BKRT. ) CHRISTIAN BAAI4K. J Adm'rs rti.aunnurg I'. <>, iiuiicr Co„ t'a. fatW tin&if. IVoilce In Partition. In the Orphans' Court of Butler county, Pa., No. 6, Dec. Term, 1881. Commonwealth of Penn'a, Butler county. $i : WiiKßKAri, on the Bth day of December, A. D. 1881, Margaret Lemmon, intermarried with J. M. 11. Mellon ; Harriet, intermarried with L. O. Frazier; Elizabeth, intermarried with Joahua Kissick and Sarah E., and Nauey l^em mon. daughters of John late of township, Allegheny county, deceased, and S rand-daughters of Thomaa Lemmon, late of iutler township (formerly Connoqueneming), butler county, Pennsylvania, deceased, pre sented their petition to said Court, setting forth inter-alia that the said Thomas Leinmon died on or about the day of A. D., 1831, intestate and seized in his demesne as of fee, of and in a messuage and tract of land situ ate in said township of Butler (formerlv Conn<- queneasing), county of Butler, bounded latterly on the east by Peter Gruver and John Uusel ton; on the west by Ferdinand Keiber. Esq., and Dufford's heirs; on the south by William Shorts, and on the north by John Iluseltonand John Alshouses' heirs,and containing one hun dred and twenty-five ( VlS> a) acres, and one hun dred and twenty-nine (12P p) perches, more or less, with the appurtenances ; that they are children of the said John Lemmon, deceased, to whom it belongs to have the equal one-sev enth part ol said real estate in fee, as the heirs and legal representatives of the said John Lem mon, deceased, who was a son of the said Thomas Lemmon, deceased, and that to each of them the said petitioners it belongs to have the equal one-ninth part of the undi vided one-seventh part of said real estate in fee: setting forth the i jes and residences of the heirs and legal representatives of the said Thomas Lemmon, deceased, so far as known: that no partition of the said real estate had been made, ahd praying the court to award an inquest to make partition of the same to and amongst the parties entitled thereto, according to their respective rights, Ac., which said peti tion was duly verified hy the affidavit oi the said petitioners ; whereupon the Court, ou the same day, made an order granting a rule to show cause on the parties named and interested therein, to l>e served personally on all parties witbin the Co., and directed notice to be given j to all others by publication according to rules , of conrt, to appear at the nextterni of court,and show cause if any they had, whv partition of { the premises should not lie awarded and made I as prayed for in said petition—returnable to nest term. | Now, therefore, in pursuance of the said or der ot court notice is nereby given to the heirs and legal representatives of Hugh Lemmon, deceased, the heirs and legal representatives of Thomas Lemon, Jr., deceased, the heirs and le gal representatives of David lemmon, deceased, the heirs and legal representatives, if any, of William and Itoliert Lemon, deceased, the heirs and legal representatives of Jane Lem mon, decea ed, intermarried with Wilson, Rebecca Leinmon, intermarried with Hal stead; Nancy Lemmon, intermarried with tiinsnr, H'ld the heirs and legai representatives of John Lemmnil, duwiaasd, ittijrs nnd legal rep resentations of the said Thomas Lemmon, de ceased, as named in said |>etitiori, and all others interested therein of' the said proceedings in partition; and to this end we command you and tn>c|| of you that laying aside all business and excuses whauoovur, yoi) and each of you If; and apiiear in your proper persons before the . Honorable, the Judges of our said * oiirt, at a jt'ou't to lie held at Butler in said county of Butler, Penn'a., on Monday the lith day of March, A. I)., 18*2, then and there to show cause if any you have why an Inquest to make | partition or valuation of the real estate of the ! said Thomas Lam nou, def-upd, should not b« • swarded aa prayed for iu said petition, and > herein fall not. ; Witness the Honorable E. McJunkin. Presi ; dent Judge of our said Court at Butler, this 23d i day of December. A. D.. 1881. '■i^KAi.} iff. H HOFFMAN, Sheriff, j 11. 11. UuUCHKR, Attorney for Petitioners. gT fWr tb% Cmtt* AT I GRIEffS. Chicago & North-Western HAIIi'W A. TK" la the OLDEST I BEST CONBTBt'CTED ! BEST EQUIPPED ! and hence the LEADING RAILWAY OF THE WEST AND NORTHWEST. It Is the *hort and beat route between Chicago and all point* In Northern Illinois, lowa, Dakota, Wyoming. Ne braska, California, Oregon, Arizona. Utah, Colo rado, Idaho, Montana. Nevada, and for COUNCIL BLUFFS, OMAHA DENVEU, LKADVILLK, SALT LAKE, SAN FRANOISCO DEADWOOD. SIOUX CITY, Cedar Kapld.s, De<i Moines. Columbus and all Points lu the Territories, and the West. Also, for Milwaukee, Green Bay. Oshkosh. Sheboygan, Marquette Fond dti I-ac, Watertown, Houghton, Neenah, Meiiaaha, St. Paul, Minneapolis, Huron, Volga, Fargo, Itennarek, Winona, Uu'ro.sse, Owntonna, and all tx)inLs in Minnesota, Dakota, Wisconsin and the \'orthwe*l. At •Xiuncll Hlults the Trains of the Chicago & North-Western and the U. P. R'ys depart from, arrive a laud use the same Joint Union Depot. At Chicago, close connections are made with the I.nke Shore, Michigan Central, Baltimore A Ohio, Ft. Wayne and Pennsylvania, and Chicago & (iraud Trunk K'ys, and the Kankakee and I'an Handle Koute*. Close connections made at Junction Points. It Is the ONLY LINE running Pullman Hotel Oming Gars BETWEEN Chicago and Council Bluffs. Pullman Sleepers on all Night Trains. Insist upon Ticket Agent* selling you Tickets via this road. Examine your Tickets, and refuse to buy If they do not read over the Chicago a North- Western Hallway. If you wish the liest Traveling Accommodations yon will buv your Tickets by this route, <iy~ANIl WII.I. TAKK NONE OTHER. All Ticket Agents sell Tickets hy this Line. MARVIN HUOHITT, M V, P. & Gcu'l Mang'r Chicago. Union Woolen IVlill, BUTTER, PA. 11. FULLEKTON. Prop'r. Manufacturer of Blankets. Fi.annelb, Yahn*, Ac. Also custom work done to order, aucb a* carding Rolls, miking Blanket*, Flannels Knit ting and Weaving Yarns, Ac., at very low price* Wool worked <>o the niiarea. il de »lr».l mv7-ly AGEN'FS WANTED" We waDt five Qrst clasd agents for soliciting orders for Fruit and Orna mental trees. Terms liberal. Call in dividually, or address, WAUUitt & bIBDKKMAN, fllfc'tl Mil#, Vi. BtJTLER, PA., WEDNESDAY. FEBRUARY 8.1882 tElliiirf I'OH Neuralgia. Sciatica, Lumbago,. Backache, Soreness of the Chest, Gout, Quinsy, Sore Throat, Swellings and Sprains, Burns and Scalds, General Bodily Pains, Tooth, Ear and Headache, Frosted Feet and Ears, and all other Pains and Aches. No Preparation on earth equals FT. JACOBS OIL aa 1 Mtifr.iure. simple and rhrap External Ktmedjr. \ trial entails but the comparatively triflair outlay •r 50 Cents, and every one mffering with pain jm have cheap and positive proof of its claims. Directions in Eleven languages. JOLD BY ALL DfiUGGISTS AND DEALEEB IV MEDICIHE. A. VOGELER 3c CO., Baltimore, Md., U. 8. X IIS. LTDIA L PINKHAM, OF LYNN, MASS., v LYDIA E. PINKHAM'B VESETABLE COMPOUND. Ig a Positive Cnre feral* these Painful Complaints anA Weal neeeee Ntoaatu toourbcit ftmolc population. It will cure entirely the worst form of Female Com plainti, all ovarian troubles, Inflammation and Ulcers tion, Filling and Displacements, and the con*qu#flt 6 pin a 1 WfaknfM, and la particularly adapted to the Change of IJfc. It will dissolve IBd expel tnraor* from the uterus In an early itag» of development. Tho tendency to can cerous humors tliere is checked very speedily by Its use. It removes faintness, flatulency, deKtroysall craving for stimulants, and relieve* weakness of the stomach. It cures Bloating, Cleadaehes, Nervous Prostrstlon, General Debility, bleep less new, Depression and Indi gestion. That feeling of bearing down, causing pain, weight and backache, is alwsys cured by its use. It will at all tiroes and under all cirrti instances act In harmony with tho laws that govern the female system. For the cure of Kidney Complaints of either sex this Compound Is unsurpassed. LYI»IA E. I'm Ell AXH VEGETABLE COM POI'N'DU prepared at £l3 and 23& Weetern Avenue, Lynn, Maaa. Prion |l Six bottles for |S. Sent by mall In the form of ptll«, alao In the form of loiencta, oa receipt of price, (1 per box for either. Mr«. lie It ham freely answer. all letter* of Inquiry. Bend for pamph let. Address aa above. Mm!ion Ihit J\iptr. yo family should bo without LTDIA E. PINKHAICI IJVER PILLS. They cure constipation, bUloueneee, and torpidity of the llrer. 26 cents per box. tor Sold by all Dmnliia. "S* GREAT GrJk&M DESTROYER DAlißY'ft PROPHYLACTIC FLUID. Fitting of SMALL SMALL POX i'OX Prevented. ERADICATED. j u i.!r pur ' aedam,hea '- t-ianjfrene prevented and ...... . Dysentery cured. s ontaglon destroyed. Wound* healed rapidly. Sick nioms purified and scurvey cured In short made pleasant. tune Fevered and Sick Per- Tetter dried up. ■Oils relieved and re- H ls perfectly harmless. !?. ?. V> i Vi &."* P <,r Throat It In a with Prophylactic Flu- curP . Id added to the water. Soft White Complexions sewircd by Its use In buttling. niPTHFRIA Impure Air made harm- Uir I ntnin less and purifltil by .-..-n-n sprinkling liarby V PREVENTED. Fluid aUout. To purify the breath. Cleanse the Teeth, it can't be surpassed. ,Cholera dissipated. Catarrh relieved and Ship Fever Prevented by cured. ' Its line. Erysipelas cured. Incases ol death In the Burns relieved Instantly, house, It should always Scars prevented. I>e used about the Removes ali unpleasant corpse—lt will prevent odors. any unpleasant smell. An Antidote for Animal ■■■■■■■■ or Vegetable Poisons, I Stings, &c. Dangerous effluvia* of sick rooms and hos pitals removed by its * „ Yk.li.ow Ff.vkb F.KAIMCATKD. In fact It Is the great Disinfectant and Purifier, PKKPARKD HY J. H. ZEILIN & CO., Manufacturing Chemists. KOLK PROPRIETORS. OM$ /nUnfaiung * ForallSwnV I Remedy 6 uchas Diseases] VTETTER.ITCH.SORES. PIMPLES. / VERYSIPCIASj/t kPINCWORMV WE GRar^antE IJCHIH6 PILES Symptom. art molstor*, luhlna, nmri night ■ ...Tti. a* If pin-worm. war* crsw fluf about tb. rectum; the private part.are often .fleeted. Asa dlmmoi. economical sad poeltive cure, BWATMS'i Oi»THS»T Is .upertor to anr article ID the market. Sold brdraccliti.or saodMl eta. la 8-ct Stamps. I Bssas.ll ii" ddress, Da. SWATHS * Sow, Phila-.Pfc KF.ItKIH ABMOU. i Justice of the Ire ace U ra. Jl DUE COX'S CHARGE. A Clear »nd Impartial Presen* tn> ton ot the Law Govern ing the Case. Judge Cox then, at 3:15 P M., pro ceeded to deliver his charge to the jury. He commenced by saying that the Constitution provides that, in all criminal prosecutions, the accused shall enjoy the right of a speedy and public trial by an impartial jury, in the State or District where the crime shall have been committed ; that be shall be informed of the cause and the nature of the accusation against him ; that be shall be confronted with the witnesses against him ; that he shall have com pulsory process to obtain witnesses in his favor, and that he shall have as sistance of counsel in his defense. Those provisions were intended for the protection of the innocent from injustice and oppression, and it was only by their faithful observance that guilt or innocence could be fairly ascertained. Every accused person was presumed to be innocent until the accusation was proved. With what difficulty and trouble the law had been administered in the present case, the jurors had been daily witnesses. It was, however, a consolation to think that not one of those guarantees of ihe Constitution bad been violated in the person of the accused. At last the long chapter of proof was ended; the tafk of the advocate was done, aud it now rested with the jury to determine the issue between public justice and the prisoner at the bar. No could feel more keenly than himself the great responsibility of bis duties; aud he folt that be could only discbarge them by close adherence to the law as laid down by its highest authorities. Before proceeding further be wished to notice an incident which had taken place pending the recent ar gument. The prisoner had frequently taken occasion to proclaim that public opinion, as evidenced by the press and correspondence, was in his favor. Those declarations could not have been prevented except by the process of gagging the prisoner. Any suggestion tnatthe jury could be influenced by such lawless clattering of the prisoner would have seemed to him absurd; and he should have felt that he was insulting tbe intelligence of the jury if he bad warned them not to regard it. Counsel f«.r tbe prosecution bad felt it necessary, however, in the final argu ment to iuterpose a contradiction to such statements ; and an exception bad been taken on the part of tbe accused to the form in which that effort was made. For the sole purpose of purg ing the record of any objectionable mat ter be should simply say that anything which had been said on either side in reference to public excitement or to newspaper opinion was not to be re garded by the jury. Tbe indictment charged the defend ant with having mu.'dered James A. Garfield ; and it was tbe duty of the Court to explaiu the nature of the crime charged. Murder was commit ted where a person of sound memory and discretion unlawfully killed a reasonable being, in tbe peace of the United States, with malice aforethought. It had to be proved, first, that the death was caused by the act of the ac cused ; aud, further, that it was caused with malice atorethought. That did not mean, however, that the Govern ment had to prove any ill-will or hatred on the part of the accused to ward the deceased. Whereever a homicide was shown to have been com mitted without lawful authority, and with deliberate intent, it was sufficient ly proved to have been done with mal ice aforethought; and malice was not disproved by showing that the accused bad no personal ill-will to tbe deceased, and that he killed him from other mo tives—as, tor instance, robbery or through mistaking him tor another, or claimed in this case) to produce a public benefit If it could be shown that the killing occurred in a heat of passion, or under provocation, then it would appear that there was no pre meditated attempt, and, therefore, no malice aforethought, and that would reduce the crime to manslaughter. It was hardly necessary, however, to say that there was nothing of that kind in the present case. The jury would have to say either that the defendant was guilty of mnrder or that he was innocent. TH* QUESTION OF INSANITY. In order to constitute the crime of murder, the assassin must have a reasonably sane mind; in technical terms he must be 'of sane mind, memo ry and discretion.' An irresponsible insane man could not commit murder. If he was laboring under a disease ef the mental faculties to such an extent that be did not know what be was doing, or did not know it was wrong, then he was wanting in that sound mind, memory and discretion that was a part of the definition of murder. In the next place, notwithstanding this presumption of innocence, it was equal ly true that a defendant waß presumed to be sane and to have been so at the time the crime was committed. That is to say, that the Government was not bound to show affirmatively as a part of its proofs that the defendant was sane. As insanity was the ex ception, and as the majority of men are sane, tbe law presumed the latter con dition of every man, until some reasou was show to believe the contrary. The burden was, therefore, on the defend ant, who set up insanity as an excuse for crime, to produce proofs in the first instance to show that that presumption wns mistaken, so far as it related to the prisoner. Crime, therefore, in volved three elements, the killing, mal ice and a responsible mind, in the murderer After all the evidence was before the jury, if the jury, while bear ing in mind both those presumptions (that is, that the defendant is innocent till he is proved guilty, aud that he is sane till the contrary appears), still entertained what was called a reasona ble doubt on any ground, or as to auy ot the essential elements of the crime, then the defendant was entitled to the benefit of such doubt. MALICE AFORETHOUGHT FULLY ESTAB LISHED. Whb to the cfe is this case very little comment was re quired by the Court, except upon one question, the others being hardly mat ters of dispute. That the defendant fired at and shot the deceased Presi dent was abundantly proved. That the wound was fatal had been testified to by the surgeons, who were compe tent to speak, and they were uncontra dicted. That the homicide was com mitted with malice aforethought (if the defendant was capable ot criminal iutent or malice (could hardly be gain said. It was not necessary to prove that any special or express hatred or •lalice was entertained by the accused toward the deceased. It was sufficient to prove that the act was done by de liberate intent, as distinct from an act done under a certain impulse, in the heat of blood and without previous malice. Evidence had been exhibited to the jury tending to show that the defendant admitted ia his own hand writing that he had conceived the idea of 'removing the President,' as he called it, six weeks before the shooting; that he had deliberated upon it, and came to a determination to do it; and that about two weeks before he accom plished it he stationed himself at certain points to do the act, but for some reason was prevented. Ilis prepara tion for it by the purchase of the pistol had been showu. All these facts came up to the full measure of the proof re quired to establish what the law de nominated malice aforethought. " WAB GUITEAL' RESPONSIBLE. The jury would find little difficulty in reaching a conclusion as to a'l the elemeuts that made up the crime charged in tho indictment, except, it might be, as to the one of sound mind, memory and discretion—but that was only a technical expression for a re sponsible, sane man. He now ap proached that difficult question. He had already said that a man who is insane in the sense that makes him ir responsible, cannot commit a crime. The defense of insanity has been so abused as to be brought into great dis credit. It was the last resort in cases of unquestioned guilt. It had been an excuse for juries to bring in a verdict of acquittal when there was a public sympathy for the accused, and especially where there was provocation for the homicide according to public sentiment, but not according to law. For that reason the defense of insanity was viewed with disfavor, and public sentiment was hostile to it. Never theless, if iusanity were established to a degree necessary, it was a perfect de fense for an indictment for murder and must be allowed full weight. It would be observed that in this case there was no trouble with any question about what might be called total insanity, such as raving maaid or absolute imbecility, in which all exercise of reason is wanting, and where there is no recognition of per-, sons or things, or their relations. But there wasadebateableborderline be tween sanity and insanity ; and there was often great difficulty in determining on which side of this line a party was to l>e put. There were cases in which a man's mental faculties, generally, seem ed to be deranged. A man was pos sessed, perhaps, by a belief of some thing absurd which he could not be reasoned out of (what was called an insane delusion); or he might have some morbid propensity, seemingly in harsh discord with the rest of his in tellectual faculties and moral nature. Those were cases which, for want of a better term, were called partial insan ity. The jury must determine whether, at the time the homicide was committ ed, the defendant was laboring under any insane delusion prompting and impelling him to do the dfeed. Natur ally, they would look first to any ex planation of tbe act that might have been made by the defendant himself at the time, or immediately before orafter. Several papers have been laid before them that bad been in the prisoner's possession, and that purported to as sign tbe motive for the deed. The Judge then cited several extracts from Guiteau's different statements as to the motives wbich led him to commit the crime, growing out of the political situation. The jury bad now before it every thing emanating from the prisoner about the time of the Hbooting. There was nothing further from him until three month* afterward. And now he would pass to consider the import of all this. The jury would consider, first, whether this evidence fairly rep resented the feelings and ideas that governed the prisoner at the time of the shooting If it did, it represent ed a thing which he (Judge Cox) bad not seen characterized in any judicial utterance as an insane delusion. Tbey would consider whether, on the con trary, it showed an ample power of reasoning and reflection on the argu ments and evidence for and against, resulting in the opinion that the Presi dent hud betrayed his party, and that if he were out of the way it would be a benefit to bis party, and would save the country from the predominance of their political opponents. So far there was nothing insane in the conclusion. It had doubtless been shared by a good many healed partisan*, who were sane people, but the difference was that tho prisoner reached the conclusion that to put the I'risident out of the way i>y as sassination was a political necessity. When men reasoned, the law required them to reason correctly, BO far as their practical duties were concerned. A niun might believe a course of action to be right, and the law might forbid it as wrong, nevertheless he must obey the law, and nothing could save him from the consequences of the violation of the law, except the fact that he. was so erased by disease as to be unable to comprehend the necessary of obedience. Tilt QUESTION OF RESPONSIBILITY. The jury would bear in mind that a man did not become irresponsible by the mere fact of his being partially in sane Such a man did not take leave of his passions by becoming insane. Ho might retain aB much control over them as in health. Whenever this partial insanity waa relied on as do fense it must appear that the crlrno cbfcrge'd wis s product of toe dtilußioo or other morbid condition, and connect ed with it as effect with cause, and that ii was not the result of sane rea soning which the party might be capa ble of, notwithstanding his limited and circumscribed disorder. Assuming that that infirmity of mind had a direct influence on crime, the difficulty was to fix the character of the disorder which fixed responsibility or irrespons ibility iu law. It would be well to say a word to the jury as to the kind of evidence by which courts and juries were guided iu this difficult and delicate inquiry. That rubtle essence, called mind, defined, of course ocular inspec tion. It could only be known by its manifestations. The test was as to whether the conduct of the man and his thoughts and emotioLS conformed with those of persons of sound mind, or whether they contrasted harshly with it. 3y that, a judgment was formed as to man's soundness of mind, and for that reason evidence was ad missable to show conduct and language that would indicate to the general mind some marked condition of the intellect ual powers. Everything relating to his mental and physical history was therefore relevant, because any conclu sion on the subject must often rest on a large number of facts; aud letters spontaneously written, afforded one of the best indications of mental condition. Evidence of insanity in the parents was always pertinent, but juries were never allowed to infer insanity in the accused from the mere fact of its exist ence in the ancestors. Therefore it was that, in this case, the defense had been allowed to introduce evidence concerning the whole life of the accused and reaching also his family anteced ents. COULD HE TELL R OUT FROM WRONG ? The instructions which be had ul ready given to the jury imported that the true test of criminal responsibility where the defense of insanity was in terposed was, whether the accused had sufficient use of his reason to under stand the nature of the act with which he was charged, and to understand that it was wrong for him to commit it. If those were the facts, he was criminally responsible for the act, whatever peculiarities might be shown of him in other respects. On the other hand, if his reason were so defective, in consequence of brain disease, that he could not understand what he was doing, or could not understand that what he was doing was wrong, he ought to be treated as an irresponsible lunatic. As the law assumed every one. at the outset, to be sane and re sponsible, the question was, what was there in this case to show the contrary as to this defendant? A jury wa<* not warranted in in ferring that a man was insane from the mere tact of bis committing a crime or from the enormity of the crime, because the law presumes that there is a bad motive, and that the crime is prompted by malice if nothing else appears. Perhaps the easiest way for the jury to examine into the subject was, first, to uaiisfy themselves about the condition of tue prisoner's mind for a reasonable period oi time, and then consider what evidence exists as to a different condi tion of mind at the time of the commis sion of the act. The jury would have to draw its own conclusions. Was the prisoner's ordinary, permanent, chronic condition of mind such that he was unable to understand the nature of his actions and to distinguish between right and wrong in bis conduct? Was he subject all the time to insane delusions which destroyed his power so to dis tinguish? And did those continue down to and embrace the act for which he is on trial? If so he was simply an irresponsible lunatic. On the other hand, had he the ordinary intelligence of uaDC people, so that be could distin guish between rij?ht and wroug as to his actions? If another person bad committed the assassination, would the prisoner have appreciated the wick edness <>". it? Would he have under stood the character of the act and its wrongfulness, if another person had suggested it to him ? The jury must consider these questions in their own mind. If the jury were satisfied that his ordinary and chronic condition was that of sanity—at least so far that he knew the character of his own actions, and how far they were right or wrong —and that he was not under any per manent insane delusion, which de stroyed bis power of discriminating be tween right and wrong, then the re maining inquiry wai whether there was any special insanity connected with this crime. WAS THERE AN INSANE DELUSION ? It would be seen that the reliance of the defense was the existence of an in sane delusion in the prisoner's mind, which so perverted his reason as to in capacitate him from perceiving the dif ference between right and wrong as to this particular act. The Judge then expounded at length the law regarding insane decisions. An insane delusion, he concluded, was the coinage of a dis eased brain, which defies reason and ridicule, and throws into disorder all the springs of human action. The question for the jury to determine was what was the condition of the priso ner's mind at the time when this pro ject was executed. If he was sufficient ly sane then to be responsible, it mat ters not what might have been his con dition before or after. There wan undoubtedly a form of in sane delusion, consisting of a belief by a person that he is inspired by the Al mighty to do something—to kill an other, for example—and the delusion might be HO strong as 10 impel him to the commission of crime. The defend ant in this case claimed that he labored under such a delusion at the time of the assassination. His unsworn decla rations in bis own favor were not, of course, evideuce, and were not to be considered by the jury. The idea of being inspired to do an act might be either a sane belief or an insaue delu sion. A great many Christian people believed not only that events were providentially ordered, but that they themselves received special providen tial guidance and illumination Jn re spect both to their inward thoughts and tbeif outward actions. But this waft • ©ere note belief. Oa the other &ovfisri§ijro RATES, One square, one insertion. $1 ; each subse quent insertion, 60 cents. Yearly advert isercei U < xceeding one-fourth of a column, 95 per inch Figure work don) le these tatet; additioi al charges where wee .ly or monthly changes are made. Local adve -tisemeuts 10 cent* |er Una for flrst insertion, wLd 5 cute per line lQr each additional insertion. Marriages and deaths pub lished free of charge. Obituary notice* charged as advertisements, and paye Lie «lien handed in Auditors' Notices, ; Executor*' and Ac minis tra tors' Notices, #3 each; Est ray, Caution an 4 Dissolution Notices, not exceeding ten lines, each. From the fact tlitt the Oimcx is 'ho oldest established and most extensively circulated Re publican newspaper in Butler county, (a Repub lican ooauty) it must be apparent ttf busiiu a J men that it is the medium they should use in advertising their business. NO. 12 band, if a man sincerely though insane ly believed that, like St. Paul on hia way to Damascus, he had been smitten to the earth and had seen a great light, and had beard a voice from Heaven warning and commanding him to do a certain act, that would be a case of im aginary inspiration, amounting to an insane delusion. The question was whether the case of this defendant pre sented anything analogous to that. Judge Cox went on to say that the question the jury was whether, on the one hand, the idea of kiliing the President first presented itself to the defendant iu the shape of a command or inspiration of the Deity, in the man ner in Which insane delusions of that sort arose, or whether, on the other hand, it was a conception of his own, and whether the thought of inspiration was not simply a speculation or theo retical conclusion of his own mind. If it were the latter, it was nothing more than one of the vagaries of reasoning which he had already characterized as furnishing no excuse for crime. He had dwelt upon the question of insane delusion simply because ihe evidence touching the defendant's power, or want of power (from mental disease), to distinguish between right and wrong as to the act done by him. This was ibe broad question for the jury to de termine, aud was what was relied up on by the defense. MENTAL AND MORAL OBLIQUITY. It had been argued with fervor on the part cf the defense that there were a great many things in the defendant's conduct which could not be expected of a sane man, and which were only ex plainable on the theory of insanity. There were strange things in his career; and whether they were really indica tions of insanity or could be accounted tor by bis ignorance of men, bis exag gerated egotism, or by his bluntness of moral sense, it might be difficult to de termine. The only safe rule, however, was for the jury to direct its attention to the test of criminal responsibility, namely : Whether the prisoner possess ed the mental capacity at the time the act wus committed to know that it was wrong or whether he was deprived of that capacity by mental disease. There nas one important distinction which the jury must not lose sight of and ihey mu»t decide how far it was applicable to the case. That was the distinction between mental and moral obliquity. In conclusion Judge Cox said : 'And now gentlemen, to sum up all I have said to you, if you find from the whole evidence that at the time of the com mission of the homicide the prisoner was laboriug under such a defect of his reasou that he was incapable of un derstanding what he was doing, or of seeing that it was a wrong thing to do, as, for example, if he were under the iusane delusion that the Almighty had commanded him to do the act, then he was not in a responsible condition of mind, but was an object of compassion and should be now acquitted. If, on the other hand, you Had that be wes under no insane delusion, but had the possession of his faculties and had pow er to know that his act was wrong; and if, of his own free will, he deliber ately concewed the idea and executed the homicide, then whether his motives were personal vindictivencs3, political animosity, a desire to avenge supposed political wrongs or a morbid desire for notoriety, or if you are unable to discover any motive at all, the act is simply murder and it is your duty to find a verdict of guilty as indicted; or (after a suggestion from Mr. Scoville to that affect) if you find that the pris oner is not guilty by reason of insani ty, it is your duty to say so. You will now return to your room and con sider your verdict.' [Sparta, (Wis.) Herald.] As an exhibition of the intrinsic worth of St. Jacobs Oil, we think the case referred to, that of Mrs. 0. W. Hubbard, of this town, cured of Sciatic Rheumatism of long standing by the Oil, is certainly striking, and, beyond all doubt, conclusive as to its efficacy. Tne remedy has our indorsement. The publishers of the Atlantic Monthly invite attention to the Atlan tic articles entiled 'Studies in the South,' the first of which appeared in January, and the second is in the Feb ruary issue. They are writteu by the author of the article on 'Certain Dan gerous Tendencies in American Life,' which attracted so much attention at the time of its appearance. The writ er visited the South under peculiarly favorable circumstances for pur pose of making a minute examination of all features of Southern social atid domestic lile, industry, and manufac tures, as well as the soil/and climate of the different sictions, and in these papers be aims to report with absolute exactness the facts as he saw them. It is no exaggeration to say that the articles coavey a more full and satis factory statement of all the conditions of the South than has ever been made before, and they arie exceedingly pic turesque and interesting. It Telia Ita Own Story. LANCASTER, N. 11. Dec. 3, "79. By the way I will say that I think Downs' Elixir the best cough remedy that I can find at our Druggists. We always use it.—J. S. Peavey, Pub. Republican. All diseases arising from Biliousness or Torpid Liver, are quickly cured by the use of Baxter's Mandrake Bitters. See notice of Arnica and Oil Liniment in another column. "The Domestic Tyrant." "Tho average man," quoth Mrs. Partington, "is a weak and irritable domestic tyrant," and Mrs. P. ia cor rect Tyrannical to a fault the average man will enter the blissful Paradise of a happy Lome, scratch himself in fiend ish glee, send the baby into convul sions, and for what ? Why, because ho has the Itching Piles, and is too mean to buy Swayne's Ointment, which is an infallible cure for the worst cases of that annoying complaint. —Gents' fine white and colored shirts, low prices, at Heck & Patter n's.
Significant historical Pennsylvania newspapers