ftUBHimrTION BATES: Per year, in adv.mce 91 50 Otherwise 2 00 No subscription will be discontinued nntil all arreurapce arc paid, routmatitcrh neglecting to uoUfy «» when «üb«cril>ern do not take out their papers viU tjii hull] li&hlo for the eubeenpticn. SuliKcribeiH removing from one poatofi;ce to another alioolil give as the name of the former an Weil ad the present oi&ce. All communications intended for publication n this paper must bo accompanied by the roal usm < or the writer, not for publication but ait a guaianteo of good faith. Marriage and death notices must be accompa nied by a responsible name. Address THE Bt'Tl KH CITIZEN. BUTLER. PA. yi«| taisruit FOB RHEUMATISM, Neuralgia, Sciatica, Lumbago, Backache, Soreness of the Chest, Gout, Quinsy, Sore Throat, Sw»llings and Sprains, Burns and Scalds, General Bodily Pains, Tooth, Ear and Hoadache, hrosted Feet and Ears, and all other Pains and Aches, NO Preparation on earth equals ST. JACOBS 0;I. 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Jennings Demorest, New York, and by special agreement combined with the OA|La fOfIRNAI Y2 s£-S0 perYrj A nfi'MTQ i WE WANT YOU In every AUr Ciil 1 O I County, to sell our NEW Au TOMATIC CARPKT SWEEPER. You can make from sj.uu to *•>.<*) j>er day the year round. Good profits and rapid sales. Capital not necessary if you can furnish gooil references. Address at once PAGE CARPET SWEEPER CO. i Toledo, O. I VOL. XIX THE LAND OF THE MIDNIGHT SUN. [From Harper's Monthly for November, 1881.] There is no accounting for the tastes of travellers. Mr. Paul Du Chailiu was born in Africa, where he made wonderful journeys and discoveries that earned him world-wide honor; but although he proved himself superior to all the torments of equatorial travel, it was quite natural to suppose that year ly, after his return, he would, on the approach of winter, hurry shiveringly from New York to at least the shores of the Gulf of Mexico. What he really did, however, when seized anew by the fever of travel, was to cross the Atlan tic and go as near to the north pole as the route by land would allow. For five years he remained within or near the arctic circle; and although thou sands of his admirers declared that his imprudence would cost him his life, he returned in enviable health, having en tirely escaped even the rheumatism that fs supposed to claim for its own all travellers from milder clime*. One important result of his trip is a large and extremely interesting book, just published simultaneously in Amer ica, England, Germany, France, Swe den, aPfl Denmark—an incident unpar alleled in the history of book publica tion. Like the author's other works, ''The Land of the Midnight Sun" derives pinch of its charm from the novelty of the scenes and people described. Por tions of Scandinavia bave flt tiroes ex erted mighty influences pn the remain? der of Europe, so it would seem that at least the southern parts of Sweden and Norway would attract the attention of many writers To Mr. Du Chailiu, however, belongs the honor of having written the first comprehensive sketch of the country and its inhabitants. The Scandinavian peninsula now devotes its attention strictly to its own affairs. It is not cn the read betwepn the re mainder of Europe and anywhere in particular; so, excepting a few English sportsmen and an occasional party whose first desire is to see the sun at midnight, their second longing being to g. t back to their comfortable homes as soon as possible, the foreigner is sel dom 6£en in the land, so the natives are simply what their own ings have made them, and their dress, customs and homes are in a great part unlike those of any other country. Where else in the world is the buyer trusted to make out his own bills ? Where else do parents go to bed at night before their daughters' love's ar rive? In what other part of Jlurope are there provinces where there are jails that are never occupied, wnere the annual death rate is not one per cent., and where jurymen are elected by the people, instead of being drawn bap-haz ard from aniong such citizens as are not smart euough to shirk jury duty? Near* ly every one of Mr. Du Cbaillu's de scriptions of the people compels the reader to believe that if the descend ants of Vikings are so honest, indus trious, peaceable and hearty, the dread ed incursions pf alleged marauders did not do England any great harm after all. The most striking quality of Scandi navian character seems to be hospitali ty, Throughout, JfoFway, Sweden and the far north the author was hear* tily received by every one, from the king in his palace to the Laplander in his tent. During five years of almost incessant travel, in the coarse of which every part of the peninsula was visited Mr. Du Chaillu was coolly treated only once. The Swedes and Norwegians have the reputation of being reserved and pold, but tfcis is trqe of them only when they meet strangers of the c)ass best suggested by the word ''tourist." To any one whose interest in them can not be measured by a stare or two and a few impertinent questions they are unsuspicious and oommunicfttive, as well as cordial to the verge of affection. Mr. Du Chaillu went among them free ly, conversed with them in their lan guage, wore garments like their own, and took part in their labors, sports and ceremonies. The treatment he re ceived in return causes him to speak most enthusiastically in praise of their sociability and kindness. As in all other countries that retain primitive habits, hospitality in Scandi navia always implies eating and drink ing. The poorest farmer or fisherman always has something to offer the vis itor, and lack of appetite is generally construed as a slight. The author mentions one occasion on which, to avoid hurting anyoue's feelings, he ate thirty times in two days, and drank thirty-four cups of coffee. Often strong cheese is offered just before a rneaj to provoke appetite, and in the cities a formal dinner is preceded by a smor gaa, or lunch, at a table crowded with alleged appetizers. On a single smor cjaa table the author noted smoked rein deer meat, smoked salmon with poach ed eggs, caviare, fried sausage, ancho vy, smoked goose breast, cucumbers, raw salt herring, several kinds of cheese and as many of bread, and a salad made of pickled herring, boiled meat, potatoes, eggs, beets and onions. There were also three kinds of spirits on the table, and from these and the various dishes the guests helped themselves bountifully, and then did justice to an excellent dinner. An American who would attempt by such means to gain an appetite would be helpless before reaching the dinner table, and his dys pepsia would be one of the most won derful cases on record ; but the Swedes seldom complain of indigestion, and they certainly live longer than their Western neighbors. There is delicious satire in the fact the Norseman ot the present day, the descendant of the most famous robbers that overran Europe, is distinguished above all other Europeans for his hon esty and simplicity. Not once during his long residence in Scandinavia did the author lose any of bis property by theft, although he often left his bag of money exposed in sleigh or wagon. On two or three occasions he lost his watch or his money, but invariably they were found, and brought back to him without any assistance from the authorities ; and the bringer would ap pear not only surprised but hurt if of fered payment for what seemed a mere neighborly service. Occasionally the j fisherman who finds other nets or lines J entangled with his own will remove ! all the fish that he sees without being careful to set aside those really caught by his neighbor ; once in a while, too, the honest Lapp in the far north may not make haste to report that a rein deer or two have strayed into his herd; but these offenses are winked at very much after the manner of Americans toward the saintly deacon who over reaches his neighbor in a horse trade. Of common thieves, however, there seem to be absolutely none outside the cities. Simple trust in the honor of every one seems to be universal, and this feeling extends even to the social relations. Conventional restraints are often set aside to an extent that startles and horrifies the traveller, until he dis covers that they srp not maintained be cause they are not necessary. The Scandinavian is earnest, indus trious, and methodical in everything he does He works, during the day light season of the year, longer hours than &ny American \yould think of do ing, and his industrial habits are a« regular as those of the clock lie is eqnally thorough about his devotions ; the church may be far from his farm, and the Sunday very stormy, but he attends service if he is not sick. Con grpgatipns of frojp three to five thou sand persons are not unusual in the su ral districts. He is just as much in earnest when at his diversions. An old farmer will fiddle all evening while his family—children and servants included dgncp. IJe is verv fond of visitiDg; and a wpdding is a sufficient excuse for a three days' jollification. tions for a wedding feast begiu three weeks beforehand, and are so extensive ; that M. Du Chailiu was utterly amazed at the quantity of solids and liquids that he saw stored against an approach ing marriage feast. Invitations to weddings are sent out well in advance of the happy day, so that the guests may prepare for two or three days ab scence from home; and the poorest per son invited is never without a wedding garment. The happy couple eat, drink and dance with everybody; and it seems never to have occurred to the people to inquire how thev do it. There is a limit to the endurance of the native J}pacj and stomach, and thjs generally is fouud on the third day; then the guests, on bidding good-by to the bride, tender their wedding presents, which always consist of money, and are deposited, without being examined, in a box which the bride wears at her side. How many American girls will wish—only to tnpniselvps—that a similar custom might prevail here cannot easily be es timated, but all of them will under stand why there are but few bachelors in the land of the midnight sun. Long as are the wedding festivities those of pj}ristma§ far psceed them, for feastiug and fun are industriously kept up from Christmas-eve to Twelfth-night, and quaint and charming are some of the attendant ceremonies. The patriarchal mode of life seems to have been better preserved in Scandina via than in any other part of Europe. Even in the cities, where the habits of good society are in no way inferior to those of similar circles in England and France, servants and other sopial infe? fiors are treated with tliogghtfulness and consideration to a degree that is seldom approached even in our own land of boasted equality, and many large employers look to the general well-being of their workmen, caring for the sick, and pensioning the families of those who die in their employ. In the farming districts, where the people are fully as well educated as those of any rural district in the Uuited States, the servants forjn part qf the family circle at the table, around the hearttustaue, or in the pew at church; they share tLe best sleeping apartments of the family, wear just as good clothing as the mas ter and mistress, and the maids, if they are as pretty, get as much attention from masculine visitors as the daugh ters of the house, too. One fine old farmer, Thord by name, insisted on en tertaining the author at a special table, but first he ate with his family and ser vants. Feeling sure that six meals ppr day instead of three would cause his host discomfort, Mr Du Chaillu re monstrated with Thord, who replied that it he were to absent himself from his family table, the servants would think him proud. And yet this erate old fellow was a descendant of King Harold the Fair-haired, and in habited an estate that had been in his family a thousand years—an estate so rich that his father, who entertained ' ihe late king during that ruler's trip to Norway for coronation, sent the king word to bring no silver service with him, as there was enough on the estate for the whole royal party. While do mestics can eat at the board at the head of which sits such a man, it is useless | for American ladies to sigh for the 'per- I feet Swedish servant' that they have | heard so much about. The author admires the scenery of Norway and Sweden as heartily as he does the people. There is a general impression that all Scandinavian laud scapes are rugged and gloomy ; some of them certainly appear to be sombre, though many of these are unspeakably grand ; both countries, however, have regions as smiling and beautiful as any in England, and offer the traveller a variety that he cannot find within sim ilar area anywhere else in the world The western coast of the Scandinavian peninsula is indented by numerous narrow, long bays called fiords, with water sometimes nearly a mile deep, while their sides are abrupt and mountainous. Farther inland there are wonderful water-falls in profusion ; the author's volumes contain sketches of many of these, and the American trembles for the fame of some of the noted cataracts and cascades of his own country as he reads of rivers that tumble about a quarter of a mile at a single leap, and then repeat this gentle exercise onc3 or twice. Enormous snowy mountains may be enjoyed in variety throughout the winter season, and reached without journeying half way across a continent, as the Ameri can mu=t generally do if he desires a first-class mountain view. The moun tains of Northern Scandinavia make themselves particularly attractive by BIJTLER, PA., WEDNESDAY, NOVEMBER 16, 1881 ! night, and so does everything else j picturesque, for, a as if to compensate the native for almost total withdrawal 'of daylight during the winter season, nature gives him moonlight and star light such as are seldom seen in lower latitudes. Where the scenery does not startle the beholder by its grandeur, it is quite likely to charm by its beauty, for the less hilly portions of the penin sula are fully covered with farms, the buildings of which are quaint and quite unlike anything to be seen else where. The age attributed to some of these building seems impossible, for it is not assuring to national pride to know that some Swedish farmers lived in solid, comfortable, roomy houses when our English ancestors occupied mere hovels, but the evidence that some of these farm-houses date back five, seven, and even ten centuries seems conclusive Equally old and in teresting are many of the churches, and they are not, like most of those of a similar period in other lands, merely picturesque ruins, as will b3 seen by a picture or two which we borrow from the or more that the author displays in his book. The interiors of some of these old churches indicate that Sweden had money enough to secure the best architects of the day, and to fully carry out their designs, Indeed, for interesting antiquities Sweden may safely challenge compari son with any other nation in the north of Europe. Even had she oulv the re mains of the old city of Wisby, she could outdo any of her neighbors in a competitive display cf antiquities aud of honorable historical record. In the days when London was merely the principal city of England, and centu ries before Liverpool existed as a shipping port, Wisby was the centre of trade in Northern Europe, her busi ness relations extending to Greece, Rome, India, and Persia. The pres ent walls of the city, vyith tovyers sixty or sevent} feet high, were built six centuries ago, for even at that time the community was so rich as to require special protection. The mer chants had their code of commercial laws, which still is held in high respect in business circles everywhere. The city was as full as London of rich guilds, and contained niany large and beautiful churches, some of which re main to testify to the wealth and taste of their builders. Like all of the rich European cities, Wisby was one day captured, sacked, and almost destroyed. Perhps it was at this time that the citizens buried the immense of valuable portable jSroperty since discovert I; or perhaps the Wisby savings-banks, like many of the present day, taught the people that the surest way of keeping their money was to take care of it themselves. But wh^t ; eyer the roasop, thg soil of Wisby has in late years proved particularly auri ferous: great quantities of European coins have been dug from the ground, many of those of Rome dating back to the first century of the Christian era, while of Asiatic coins more than ten thousand are tq l}aye been foqnd; and a3 men seldom tell about the finding of money, it is reasonable to suppose that the eqtire find has been enormous. Large quantities qf valuable jewels, gold and silver ves» sels, etc., have been discovered, as well as the seals of some of the great guilds Hundreds of buildings still remain as mute evidences of the sub stantial prosperity of the old mer chants, and numerous ancient family tombs make interesting additions to the city's record. But Wisby (which is on an island} is only one of the old Scandinavian cities; on the mainland where many others older and much larger, although perhaps not so rich, and their remains are equally interesting. How many of the valuables found in these oities really originated there is a somewhat delicate question to discuss, for the old Scandinavians, like all other pow erful nations of the same period, had a habit of going in immense surprise parties to other countries, and bringing back whatever suited their faucy, dis pensing entirely \yit}i {.be fofqiality of asjting the original owjjev's consent. Exquisite vases in gold, silver, and bronze have been found, and so have valuable ornaments in great profusion, while household utensils, armor, weapons, and even fairly preserved Viking ships are numerous enough to throw much light on Scandinavian life in the Middle Ages. As usual in old countries, the tombs yield valuable contributions to the general store of antiquities, besides being quite euri ous in themselves. Most interesting, however, of all Norse remains are the rock tracings, which at one stage of the country's development were the only substitutes for national and local records. Every one knows what they are when he sees them, hut there knowledge ends. Many students have labored over theui as faithfully as others have done over our own darling obelisk, but the translations disagree as hopelessly as politicians. More legible in appear ance, though sometimes just as puz zling in reality, are the rune stones, bearing inscriptions in characters that were designed to be mystical, and cer tainly succeeded in being mysterious. Among those that are decipherable are some inscriptions on memorial stones, which state that the late lamented de parted this life in Greece, Rome, or the Saracen land—places to which the Norsemen have not generally been suspected of wandering. Of course tho author's tirst duty was to pay his respect to the midnight sun, which he saw from North Cape, the northernmost extremity of Scandi navia. As he approached the arctic circle he naturally expected to be de livered from the swarms of buzzing in sects that sometimes make life misera ble in lower latitudes; to his great sur prise and disgust, however, the pests increased as he mo\'ed farther north. Mosquitoes were sometimes so numer ous that it seemed a mystery how they could find enough air to breathe, and the author insists on being believed when he tells ol a swarm so dense that it hid three men who were standing near by. In the middle of August these pests give way to a hard-biting gnat, which is nevertheless net wholly pitiless, for it remains out-of-doors, and does not bite at night. After these comes a sand-fly that lunches on poor humanitv until cold weather sup presses him. As all of these torment ors attend to business throughout the whole summer day, which is not brok en by anything worth the name of night, a trip to the midnight sun costs much mora than money, although the traveller will not admit that the cost is too great. A sketch of the far North without some description of Lapland, its peo ple and its reindeer, would be as dis appointing as a performance of Hamlet without the melancholy Dane. Mr. Du Chailiu spent much time in Lap land, and declares the Lapps to be a much-misrepresented people. Instead of being darj* pf popiplexion, black haired, stupid, heathenish, and mur derous. as even some Swedes and Norwegians believe them to be, the author found them light of hair and color, agile, industrious, bright hos pitably F,ntJ as gopd christians as any other people. They are not always as cleanly as some other races, for build ing material is scarce in Lapland, houses or tents are small, and wash ing day preparations are sometimes impossible. Their morals are of a high . order Many of tjiem are fairly edu cated, and nearly all pfthem are religi- j ous in both form aud spirit. The. author's religious beliefs were carefully j investigated at length by men and women alike. Some of the Lapps go abroad and become rich; Mr. Du j Chaiilu refers to several of these who are in the Uuited States, where oue of; them owns a brown-stone front; but most of them prefer to remaiu in their own land. In the words of the author: 'Happv and contented with his lot in j the world, endowed with a religious nature which a barren and lonely land contributes to intensify, tqe L u pp lieves in God, in his Diblo, in tho Lord Jesus Christ as the Son of God, aud in a future 1 i.e. From that dreary waste his songs of praise aud his prayers are uttered with a faith which ccascs only with his breath, and he departs rejoicing that he is going to the 'better land.' file reindeer, which iu one way or auother manages to be almost the en tire support of the Lapps who have herds, is a large, heavy animal with remarkable independence of character. He will not accept shelter undercover, no matter how inclement the weather may be. Neither rfill he oat any food that is ottered him ; he prefers to seek his own sustenance, which consists principally of a peculiar moss, aud as this grows very slowly, requiring about seven years in which to reach maturity, the Lapp must shift his home from time to time'to meet the necessities of bis herd. In midwinter the moss may be covered by several feet of snow, but the deer digs a hole with bis feet, and disappears from the surface, burrowing his way through the snow as be fal lows his nose from Qf nioss to another. The flesh of the reindeer is quite palatable and nuitritious, his skin makes very warm garments as well as durable harness, and cheese made of reindeer milk is very rich, although the quantity of milk yielded per day seems scarcely worth the taking, as it amounts to a mere teacupful. Unlike the general traveller who writes books, Mr. Du Chaillu has inter ested himself in every intellectual, so cial, and industrial phase of the nation al life. To those who read his frequent allusions to the music and song beard everywhere it wllj no longer seem Straqgp thiit «Jeqny Lind, Christine Nilsson, and Ole Bull should have come from Sweden instead of Italy, the supposed mother of singers. The dy ing art of vocal serenading seoms to flourish vigorously in Sweden and Nor way, and instrumental music is so common that the author reports pianos within the arctic circle, and towns far ther south where these instruments are found in the ratio of one to every twen ty-five people. Great attention is be stowed upon dress aud the beautifying of homes, although taste i 3 superior to the rage for display. Facilities for communication are good, cheap, and fully equal to the demaud ; the postal service is fully as good as our own, and a perfect telegraph system covers the peninsula, the operators being compell ed tojunderstand at least three languages. The common schools are as thorough in their methods as those of America, and considerably higher in grade, for the poorest child can obtain instruction in higher mathematics, the natural sciences, Latin, Greek, and modern languages. Excellent technical schools exist, and good universities crown the educational system. Although in Norway and Sweden there are many mines aud mills, most of the people gain their living either out of the sqil or the sea. The farmer in either country is a marvel of indus try and thrift; he would live upon what an American farmer wastes, and live more comfortably than our farming population do, as a rule. The a.nouut of labor perfomed at the special dairy farms, to which cattle are driven in summer, generally by girls, would hor rify a Western maiden; but the Swed ish and Norwegian girls thrive on it, enjoying rare good health, and conse quent happiness. Still more exacting is the home care of cattle in winter, when much of the food must be prepared. On some soil that here would be condemned as good for nothing, fair crops are grown and bar vested in a short summer, while in the southern provinces the yield is equal to that of model farms in America. The maritime statistics of the two countries, and of Norway in paticular, are simply staggering. Last year more than a thousand Norwegian vessels entered the port of New York, and seven times as many were busy elsewhere. More than sixty thousand sailors man these vessels, and yet Norwegian sailors ars numerous in the merchant navy of almost every other country. About a hundred and twen ty thousand Norwegians are engaged in the fisheries. The author minutely describes the great fishing stations of Norway and here, as elsewhere, is struck by the attention paid by the government to all its resources. Ev erv fishing station has a superintend ent, appointed by the government and the date of beginning the season's work, the time of starting out for the day, and even the places in which the fish are prepared for market, are deter mined by him; but the officer's duties seoui to consist pricipally in prevent ing confusion or bad feeling. No liquor is sold at fishing stations and yet the men, who are directly in the path of all the 'American wealth' that crosses the Atlantic, are a remarkably healthy and vigorous set of fellows; they wear good clothes, too, which is qot done by fishermen in general. To their abstemiousness must be attribut- Ed the lack of strife; during a long visit to the fishing stations the author saw no fighting, and did not hear a siucle oath- No fishing is permitted on Sun day. Drunl enness and profanity are rare everywhere in Scandinavia; there seems to be absolutely no idle, non producing, dangerous class, such as is the main stay of vice in every other European country. At fairs and feasts there is a great deal of drinking, but the period is brief, and the fun never culminates in fighting. So thoroughly has the author inter ested himself in Scandinavia that the reader can ask scarcely a question about the country that the book does not an swer. The geology of the country, and the effect of the glaciers, many of which are still at work, are minutely set forth. The development of the peo ple is traced from tho stone age down to modern times, aud even the dwell ings, from the first departure from cave life, are described at length, the text being illustrated by many engravings of houses at different periods. Much valuable infermation is given about the fauna and flora, the climate, tem perature, and rain-fall—the result be ing a general disabusing of popular Unlike many books of travel, tnese volumes are illustrated solely from photographs and sketches made from the people and scene s de scribed, so the pictures contribute di rectly to the reader's information. Mr. Du Chaiilu can not claim to l>o the original discoverer qf Scandinavia, but hp pertainly has the honor of being the first to make known to the world the country as it exists to-day. KEEPING APPLES. It is well, perhaps to touch upon this subject, as the time is approaching when we must prepare room to store tue winter apples. In this, as in al most everything else, people differ rs to the best method of keeping apples through the winter as weil as i«to the spring. In fact, they are frequently kept until 4une, with the flavor very littlo impaired. Of course the utmost care must be taken in gathering them from the trees, then sorting them and puttiug them lightly into dry flour sacks. The barrel should he heaped somewhat, and the heading pressed do\yn firmly, being careful not to bruire them. The casks should be left under a dry, open shed until as far in to November as the frost will admit of. Light feezing weather will not harm the fruit; in fact it is only when there is danger of freezing that it should be covered. The barrel should then be taken into a tireless room where there will be no danger of freezing ; or, which we would much prefer, a cold, dry cel lar. When carefully disposed of in this way, there is little risk of apples becoming unsound throughout the winter and spring provided they ar« of a fair keeping variety, such as Smith's Cidpr, thy Carthonse, the Baldwin, the Rhode Island Greening, the Spitz enburg, the Northern Spy, etc. It must be remembered, however, that a barrel, say of Baldwins, from one tree a d one locality will not per haps keep as well as a barrel from some other. It may be from some pe culiarity of the soil, though perhaps as likely to be from some constitutional defect in the tree. One thing is well ascertained, that fruit from an old and worn-out tree will not keep as well as fruit from thi> same vicinity of which there may be but a moderate quantity on the tree. It seems, therefore, that fine, large healthy-looking fruit of any one kind should have the preference as long-keepers. If these precautions are taken the apple is not Lard to keep. Most fail from keeping them too warm. The usual store-room of the house, where they are generally put, is not the best place for them. They need to be kept as cool as possible. Indeed, as we have already said a little frost does not hurt them, provided this low tem perature is regular. A frequent change from cold to warm is fatal to the keep ing quality of any fruit, much less tLe apple.— Oermanloicn Telegraph. If you can't 'Bear' a cough, 'Bull' it with Dr. Bull's Cough Syrup. When we are alone we have our thoughts to .watch : in our families, our temper; and in society, our toungue. iCli'Vclaud, (Ohio) il>*.ralove the quarry, and it can't back any further up.' The two waited and watched. Mid night came, and the meaurement showed three feet six inches depth at the dam. Still they waited and watched. At six o'clock in the morn ing the depth was four feet two inches. Then Riley sent a negro boy to his house with orders to bring back 'a big breakfast for two.' At seven o'clock the breakfast arrived, and the measure ment showed four feet three inches and a half. 'lt's a-risin' faster said Riley. 'Ves; the level is climbing straight up the bluff banks now, and uotspreau ing out as it rises,' said Hamp. At nine o'clock the depth was four feet eight and a half inches, and the Continued on Fourth jxige.