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2uai>r3iu] GENERAL AGENT, BUTLER, I'A.
VOL. XVIII.
[From Harper's Magazine for August, 1881.]
THE SURRENDER OF CORN
WALLIS.
CONTINUED FROM LAST WEEK.
The first week of October was devo
ted by the allies to preparations, such
as the making of gabions, fascines and
stakes, bringing up of guus and careful
surveying for approaches. The enemy
meanwhile opened fire on all pickets
and observing parties that showed
tLemselves, four men of the Pennsylva
nia Hue being killed by one shot on the
3d inst. On the evening of the fith,
all things being in readiness, three
thousand men, with shovels and ga
bions, broke ground for the first paral
lel within seven hundred yards of the
enemy, whose firiug during the night
did but little execution. By dawn of
the 7th a respectable intreuchmeiit had
been completed, running from the York
below around to the works at Pigeon
Quarter, and a few hours later the light
infantry corps entered the line, with
drums beating and colors flying, and
planted their standards on top of the
parallel. The French took possession
to the left!fof them. Industrious dig
ging on the part of the allied forces
continued night and day, and by the
afternoon of the Oth a sufficient num
ber of batteries had been erected to
open the bombardment of Yorktown.
The first to fire, at three o'clock, was
a French battery on the extreme left,
near the bank of the river above the
town. At five o'clock an American
battery on the extreme right, on the
river bauk, followed with discharges
from eighteen and twenty-tour pound
ers, and the serious work of the siege
had begun.
The journal of more than one Amer
ican officer mentions the fact that the
first shot from the American battery
was fired by Washington himself. Col
onel Cortlandt remembered that hedis-
tinctly heard it crash into some houses
in Yorktown. If Captain Samuel Gra
ham, of the Seventy-sixth Regiment,
whose station was directly in the line
of fire, was not mistaken as to the par
ticular discharge he refers to in his
memoirs, this first shot was singularly
fatal. A party of officers from the Sev
enty-sixth were then at dinner in a
neighboring building. The British
Commissary-General Perkins was with
them. One of the officers was an old
Scotch lieutenant, who, when the allies
first invested the place, was heard to
soliloquize as he buckled on his sword:
"Come on, Maister Washington. I'm
unco glad to see you. I've been offer
ed money for my commission, but I
could na think ot gangin' home
without a sight of you Come
on." Poor fellow, Washington fell up
on him in a way that was quite unex
pected, for the first ball struck and
wounded him terribly. It also wound
ed the quarter-master and adjutaut of
the Seventy-sixth, aud killed the coin
missary-geueral. Auother marked cas
ualty of the siege was the death of
Major Cochrane, who arrived at York
town on the 10th, with dispatches from
Clinton to Cornwallis. Two days af
ter, in company with the British gen
eral, he went to the lines, and fired one
of the guns himself; but as he looked
over the parapet to see its effect en ri
cochet, a ball from the American works
carried away his head, narrowly mis
sine: Cornwallis, who was standing by
his side. By the 13th, so effective had
the fire of the allies become that that
of the enemy was entirely silenced. In
some of their batteries the fascines,
platforms, guns and gun-carriages were
all pounded together in a broken mass,
while shot and shell enfiladed the town
from one end to the other. Cornwal
lis' own head-quarters became untena
ble almost from the beginning of the
bombardment. He Lad occupied the
grand brick mansion of Mr. Nelson, the
former Secretary of Yirginia, which
stood at the edge of the town, near the
centre of the line of defenses, and where
the Secretary was still living. As the
bouse was a conspicuous object, and iu
the range of fire from many points in
the American line, it suffered more
than any other, and no one could re
main in it with safety. Cornwallis
withdrew from it about the 10th, as
did Mr. Nelson, who received permis
sion to pass into the American lines.
Fifteen years after the war it still stood
unrepaired, "pierced in every direction
with cannon-shot and bomb-shells."
Nor could the British shipping in the
river remain at the usual anchorage off
the town. A number of vessels had
been scuttled and sunk by order of the
British commander, while the Charon,
a forty-four-gun ship, was set on fire
on the night of the 10th by hot shot
from the French battery on the extreme
left, and destroyed. An officer who
witnessed the sight writes : "The Cha
ron was on fire from the water's edge
to her truck at the same time. I never
saw anything so magnificent." Two
transports close to her were also burn
ed.
Vigorously as the siege was prose
cuted, the turuiDg point and the end
came even sooner than expected ; but
then from the beginning it had been a
campaign of surprises. The incident
which largely determined matters oc
curred in connection with the construc
tion by the allies of a second parallel
from three to five hundred yards in
advance of the first, thus bringing both
wings within storming distance of the
British lines. This parallel was open
ed on the night of the 11th by detach
ments from the two armies, Steuben's
division furnishing the American de
tail. The parties moved out at dusk,
every second man carrying a fascine
and shovel, and every man "a shovel,
spade, or grubbing hoe," and by morn
ing they had thrown up an intrench
ment seven hundred and fifty yards
long, three and a half feet deep, and
seven feet wide. It was an exciting
and busy night, with its alarms of sor
ties by the enemy, and the whizzing
of shot and shell from the first parallel
over the heads of the diggers. Two
men were killed by the premature
bursting of French shells in this cross
fire. Both Steuben and Wayne were
exposed as well as their men, and the
stOry is told of them that once, when
a shell fell near them, Steuben threw
himself into the trench, and Wayne
followed, stumbling over him. "Ah
ha, Wayne," laughed Steuben, "you
| cover your retreat in the best
manner possible." This was coming
to close quarters, but the increasingly
effective fire from the French and Amer
ican batteries continued to keep the
British gunners very quiet, and work
on the second line went on two days
longer without many casualties. It
bad been observed, however, that the
new parallel would not form a suffici
ently compact investment unless it was
extended on the right to the river bank.
But here there was a serious obstacle,
for the ground near the river was occu
pied by two outer British redoubts,
which must first be taken. The reso
lution to storm them was accordingly
formed the moment the necessity was
obvious, and the capture of the two
forts stands out as the incident which
more than any other marked the energy
of the siege, and which, upon his own
admission, hastened the surrender of
Cornwallis. We have no "great" as
sault here, no storming of the Malakoff
or Redan ; but the work was done so
well, was so highly praised at the time,
and was, moreover, the last piece of
fighting on the part of any of Wash
ington's troops, that some of its details
mav be recalled.
The assault was assigned to the
choice corps of the allied army, the
work upon the right, on the high bank
of the York, to the American light in
fantry, the other, nearly a quarter of a
mile to the left, to the French chas
seurs and grenadiers. The martial
pride of these soldiers, excited by what
amounted to a friendly challenge to do
their best, carried them along to com
plete success, both redoubts being gal
lantly takeu at the same moment. Tho
time selected was the night of the 14th.
On the side of the French, the storm
ing party was composed of four hun
dred men, the grenadiers and chasseurs
of the regiments Gatenois and Royal
Deuxpouts. The work they were to
take was a bastion redoubt, standing
directly across the road from York
town to the Moore house below, and
was held by a lieutenant-colonel and
about a hundred and twenty men. Col
onel William Deuxponts, a brave, en
thusiastic spirit in the French army,
commanded the detachment, with
Lieutenant-Colonel Baron de l'Estrad®,
an officer of forty years' service, as
second. As the detachment moved
out into position, everybody wished
Deuxponts success and glory, and ex
pressed regrets at not being able to go
with him. "That moment," he writes
in his journal, "seemed to me very
sweet, and was very elevating to the
soul and animating to the courage.
My brother, especially, my brother—
and I never shall forget it—gave me
marks of a tenderness which penetra
ted to the bottom of my heart." At
the given signal—the firing of six
shells—about eight o'clock, the force
advanced in columns by platoons, the
first fifty chasseurs carrying fascines to
fill the ditch, and eight carrying lad
ders. Two trusty sergeants, who with
Deuxponts and L'Estrade had previ
ously reconnoitred the ground with
great care, led the way. The second
battalion of the Gatcuois regiment, un
der Count de Rostaing, remained in
reserve, Baron de Viomenil command
ing the entire torce. Deuxpouts mov
ed on silently, when, at a hundred and
twenty paces from the redoubt, a Hes
sian sentinel discovered them. "Wer
da? Who goes there ?" he shouted.
No answer coming, the enemy instant
ly opened fire. Unluckily the strong
abatis twenty-five paces in front of the
fort stopped the French several min
utes, and there they lost many men ;
but the obstructions once cleared, the
chasseurs dashed on and began mount
ing the parapet. The first to reach the
top was the Chevalier De Lameth, but
receiving a point-blank discharge from
the Hessian infantry, he fell back shot
through both knees. L'Estrade while
climbing was tumbled into the ditch
by a soldier falling from above him.
Rising badly bruised he scolded the
man roundly for making such bucgling
work of it. Deuxponts also fell, when
young Lieutenant De Severgne, of the
chasseurs, pulled him up the parapet,
to be fatally wounded in doing so.
Finding the French actually on the
edges of their redoubt, the enemy
charged upon them, but Deuxponts or
dered his men to fire and countercharge,
which had the desired effect. The Hes
sians threw down their arms, and the
French raised the shout of "Yivc le
roi" over their achievement. They
had carried the work in half an hour,
with the loss of fifteen killed and seven
ty-seven wounded, the enemy losing
eighteen killed and about fifty priso
ners. For his conduct on this occasion
Deuxponts received the title of Cheva
lier in the military order of St. Louis
as a special distinction, In his journal
he has this appreciative word for his
comrades : "With troops so good, so
brave and so disciplined as those I
have the honor to lead against the ene
my, one can undertake anything and
be sure of succeeding, if the impossibil
ity of it has not been proved. I owe
them the happiest day of my life, and
certainly the recollection of it will nev
er be effaced from my mind."
At the other redoubt the success of
tho Americans was equally brilliant.
The praise bestowed by La Fayette
upon his light-infantry, that thev were
equal to the best troops in the world,
proved to be well grounded. Viomenil
believed he was adding to the compli
ment when he referred to them as be
having on this occasion like grenadiers
accustomed to difficult things. These
light-infantry troops in truth were most
' of them, both officers and men, not on
ly veterans of the war, but the choicest
in the army, half of them, in addition
! to previous service, having just com
pleted the campaign in Virginia under
La Fayette. Upon the present occa
sion the battalions selected for the as
sault were Gimat'p, Alexander Hamil
ton's, and part of Laurens', the whole
under the immediate command of Ham
ilton, whose own corps was led by his
major, Nicholas Fish, of New York,
j As in the case of tho French, the de
tachment was four hundred strong.
The command at first was a matter of
dispute. La Fayette, as chief of the
Light Division, had intended the honor
for Gimat, then actiug as his aide, Gi
niat having entered the American army
.in 1777, and served two terms with
BUTLER. PA., WEDNESDAY. AUGUST 3,1881
' the light-infantry, with the brevet rank
iof lieutenant-colonel. On that date,
1 October 14, Hamilton was field-officer
,of the day. lie at once protested
against Gimat's appointment for com
mand during his own tour of duty. Be
ing informed by La Fayette that the
assignment had already been made,
and approved at head-quarters, he
wrote a spirited letter to Washington,
who, upon inquiring into the claim, de
cided in favor of Hamilton, much to
the latter's gratification. Gimat's bat
talion, however, as the oldest and one
of the three that had been in Virginia
from the first, retained the post of hon
or in the van of the assaulting party.
It had been drawn from the eastern
liues. John P. Wyllys, of Hartford,
was its major, and its original captains
were Richards, Douglass, Heart, Wel
les, and Barker from Connecticut, Hunt
and another from Massachusetts, and
Olnev from Rhode Island. Hamilton's
battalion was composed of two New
York and two Connecticut companies ;
and of Laurens' two companies, which
were part of Scammell's old corps, one
was from Connecticut, under Captain
Stephen Bptts, of Stamford, and the
other probably from New Hampshire.
With this detachment went also a par
ty of sappers and miners under Captains
Gilliland and Kirkpatrick. For a re
serve corps, La Fayette drew up
the remainder of the Light Divis
ion, under Generals Muhlenberg
and llazen, and in their rear Wayne
posted two Pennsylvania battalions.
At the given signal—the six shells—
Hamilton and his column advanced
rapidly with unloaded muskets, Lau
rens have first been detached to take
the redoubt in reverse, and prevent the
escape of the garrison. Under the al
most perfect discipline of these troops
every order was executed with precis
ion. As they neared the work, they
rushed to the charge without waiting
for the sapDers to remove the abatis,
and thereby saved themselves the de
lay and loss which befell the French.
Climbing over or breaking through the
obstructions, they reached the ditch,
enveloped the work, and scaling the
parapet, were quickly in possession.
The forlorn hope of twenty men, under
Lieutenant John Mansfield, of the
Fourth Connecticut, led the column
without waveriug. Mansfield, who en
tered the work among the first, receiv
ing a bayonet wound, was reported by
Hamilton as deserving particular com
mendation for his "coolness, firmness
and punctuality." Stephen Olney, of
Rhode Island, perhaps the oldest cap
tain in tne service, maFched with his
company at the head of the detach
ment, but in attempting to climb into
the fort two of the enemy struck at
him with their bayonets, which slid
down his spoutoon or spear, and wound
ed him severely in the side and arm.
Hamilton thought him entitled to "pe
culiar applause." Captain Hunt was
also wounded, as well as Kirkpatrick,
of the sappers. Hamilton himself was
accompanied by Colonel Armand and
three officers of his troop, as volunteers,
who behaved with conspicuous gallan
try, all climbing: the parapet under fire
to stimulate the courage of the rank
and file. Gamat was wounded in the
foot just as the obstructions were
reached, and retired. Laurens mean
while conducted his two companies
with his usual skill and neive, and suc
ceeded in coming in at the right mo
ment to make Major Campbell, the
the commandant of the garrison, his
prisoner. With him was Captain Betts,
■who also was honored with a wound.
In ten minutes the work was over, and
so well timed was every movement,
that Major Fish's battalion, which fol
lowed Gimat's, inclining to the right,
participated in the assault, and Lieu
tenant-Colonel Barber's battalion,
which La Fayette sent forward at the
last moment to support Hamilton, was
on hand after the assault to help hold
the position in case of a counter-attack
by the enemy. The American loss in
the assault was nine killed and twenty
five wounded. Washington could not
conceal his enthusiasm over the success
of these brilliant feats, and in general
orders he praised the troops unstinted
ly—officers and men alike. A Sergeant
Brown, of the Fifth Connecticut, was
subsequently awarded a special "badge
of merit" for his coolness and gallant
conduct as one of Hamilton's forlorn
hope.
No sooner were the redoubts taken
than the supports fell to digging, and
by morning both works were included
in the 3econd parallel, which thus be
came complete, and unpleasantly men
acing to the besieged.
It would have been quite contrary to
the custom of a besieged force, and
rather a reflection upon the British
troops in particular, had no sortie been
made by them upon the besiegers ; and
accordingly on the night of the lGth we
find them dashing out at the second
parallel with their usual courage, and
repeating what the French and Amer
icans had done two nights before. Corn
wallis' object was to cripple some un
finished batteries whose fire, when
opened, would prove 'too destructive,
and thus gain a little more time for
still possible relief. The party, which
was led by Colonel Abercrombie, num
bered about four hundred men, half of
them light-infantry, under Major Arm
strong, and the other half the grena
diers of the Foot-Guards aud Captain
Murray's company of the Eightieth,
under Lieutenant-Colouel Lake. Mov
ing forward about three o'clock in the
morning, they rushed upon a French
battery, drove off the guards, spiked
four canuon, and then attacked Captain
Savage's Massachusetts battery to its
right. Entering it they quickly spiked
his three guns with bayonet points,
and challenged, 'What troops?' 'French,'
came the answer, on which Abercrom
bie shouted, 'Push on, my brave boys,
and skin the hounds !' But just then
the Count de Noailles, who had com
mand of the supports that night, dis
tinctly hearing Abercroiubie's cry, or
dered his grenadiers to the charge,
when they instantly met the British
with the shout of "Vive le roi I" killed
eight of them, took twelve prisoners,
with the loss of twenty officers and
men on their part, and one American
sergeant, and prevented the assailants
from doing further mischief. It was
altogether a gallant sortie, but it prov-
Ed of no avail, and in six hours the
spiked guns were playing upon Yoik
j town. When some British officers vis
' ited the spot after the surrender, the
French feelingly showed them the
grave of a brave sergeant of the Guards
whom they had buried in the parapet
where he fell.
Cornwallis now thoroughly appreci
ated his critical position, but determin
[ ed to make a desperate effort to escape
before surrendering. On the night of
the lfitb he began to trausfer his troops
to the opposite side, at Gloucester
Point, with the design of breaking
through the besiegers there with his
whole force, and by rapid marches
push northward for New York. It is
scarcely possible that be conld have
succeeded; and the elements interposed
to stop him. At midnight a storm
arose, preventing the crossing of all
the troops, and at dawn those who had
already crossed returned to their old
stations at the works.
Finally, on the 17th of October—a
date vividly remembered by our sol
diers as the anniversary of Burgoyne's
surrender—the end came. At ten
o'clock that morning a drummer in red
mounted the enemy's parapet on the
left, and began to beat a "parley." As
for being beard, he might have drum
med till doomsday ; but he could readi
ly be seen, and the cannonading stop
ped. An ensign at the American lines
imagined that he never before heard
music so delightful as the sound of
that drum. No one could have mis
understood its meaning. In fact, the
drummer in that particular role was
somewhat of a momentous figure. He
seemed to publicly confess the eud of
British domination in America, and
proclaim the success of the "rebel"
Revolution.
With the drummer appeared an offi
cer waving a white handkerchief. He
was met and blindfolded by an Ameri
can officer, and eouducted to the rear of
our lines. The message Cornwallis
had sent by him to Washington was to
the effect that hostilities be suspended
for twenty-four hours, and joint com
missioners appointed to determine the
terms of surrender. To this Washing
ton replied that he should prefer, be
fore the meeting of commissioners, to
have his lordship's proposals submitted
to him in writing, and that for the pur
pose he would grant a suspension of
hostilities for two hours. Cornwallis
complied, and sent in the terms on
which he proposed to capitulate.
Among his demands he included the
inadmissible condition that his troops
should be sent to England upon a pa
role not to serve against either France
or America during the continuance of
the war unless regularly exchanged.
Again the flag returned, and this time
with an ultimatum from Washington,
who had good reasons for wasting as
little time as possible in negotiations.
There existed all through the siege the
possibility of the British fleet's appear
ance off the Capes, and the breaking
up of De Grasse's blockade of the York,
which might prove fatal to the success
of the siege operations. Every day's
delay increased the danger. The situ
ation might change any hour, and
Cornwallis be encouraged to hold out
in the hope of immediate relief. Wash
ington's terni3 included the surrender
of the British army as prisoners of war,
upon the basis of the Charleston capi
tulation in 1780, to which Cornwallis
yielded. This result was effected by
the night of the 17th, and on the 18th
commissioners met to digest and em
body the articles. On the part of the
British appeared
Dundas and Major Ross, and for the
French and Americans the Viscount de
Noailles and Lieutenant-Colonel Lau
rens. They met at the Moore house,
on the bank of the York (now a ricke
ty ruin), a short distance in the rear of
the American lines, and drew up
fourteen articles, providing for the sur
render of the garrison, and the dispo
sition of the ordnance, stores, ships,
and loyalists. On the morning of the
19th these were submitted to Cornwal
lis, accompanied by a note from Wash
ington intimating his expectation that
the terms would be signed by eleven
o'clock that morning, and that the
troops would march out to surrender
their arms at two in the afternoon.
At eleven o'clock the articles were
signed "in the trenches," and Cornwal
lis and his army, which had been the
scourge and danger of the South for
fourteen months, were prisoners of war.
A great result, from every point of
view! Although peace was not to
come for many months, the blow
struck here was felt to be effective and
final. The British Hannibal had found
a sort of Zama in Yorktown, and the
new commonwealth, freed of his
dangerous presence, could now confi
dently indulge in visions of unlimited
power and empire.
At noon of the 19th we have the
first act of surrender. Yorktown chang
ed hands. Two redoubts on the left of
the enemy's works were at that hour
taken possession of bv detachments
from the allied army. Colonel Richard
Butler commanded the American and
the Marquis Laval the French party,
each of one hundred men. At two
o'clock we reached the closing scene.
The army of Cornwallis marched out
as prisoners of war, grounded their
arms, and then marched back. Ac
counts agree in describing the display
and ceremony on the occasion as quite
imposing. The British appeared in
new uniforms, distributed among them
a few days before, and it only required
the flying of their standards to give
their march the effect of a holiday pa
rade. But their colors were cased,
aud the}* were prohibited from playing
either a French or an American tune.
This was the return of a compliment, a
piece of justifiable as well as poetic re
taliation on the part of the Americans
for what the enemy yrere pleased to
command when General Lincoln was
compelled to surrender at Charleston
the year before. The matter came up
at the meeting of the commissioners.
"This is a harsh article," said Ross to
Laurens.
"Which article ?' answered the lat
ter.
"The troops shall march out, with
colors caned, and drums beating a
British or a Oerman march."
"Yes, sir," returned Laurens, with a
touch of sang froid, "it is a harsh arti
cle."
"Then," said Ross, "if that is your
opinion, why is it here?"
Whereupon Laurens, who had been
made prisoner at Charleston with Lin
coln's army, proceeded to remind Ross
that the Americans on that occasion
had made a brave defense, but were
ungallantlv refused any honors of sur
render, other than to march out with
colors and drums not beating a
British or a German march.
"But," rejoined Ross, "my Lord
Cornwallis did uot command at Charles
ton."
"There, sir," said Laurens, "you ex
tort another observation. It is not
the individual that is here considered ;
it is the nation. This remains an arti
cle, or I cease to be a commissioner."
Nothing more was to be said; the
article stood, and the enemy marched
out with colors cased, while the tune
they chose to follow was an old Brit
ish march with the quite appropriate
title of "The World Turned Upside
Dowu."
As the prisoners moved out of their
works along the Hampton road, they
found the French and American armies
drawn up on either side of the way,
the Americans on their right, and ex
tending for more than a mile toward
the field of surrender. The French
troops presented a brilliant spectacle in
their white uniforms, with plumed and
decorated officers at their head, and
gorgeous standards of white silk, em
broidered with golden Jleurs-de-lis,
floating along the line. The Americans
were less of an attraction in outward
appearance, but not the less eagerly
eyed by their late antagonists. Among
the war-worn Continentals there was
variety of dress, poor at the best, dis
tinguishing the men of the different
lines; but, to compensate for lack of
show, there was a soldierly bearing
about them which commanded atten
tion. The militia formed in their rear
presented a less martial sight, so far as
clothing and order were concerned.
But all these men were conquerors, and
their very appearance bespoke the
hardships and privation they and their
States had undergone to win in the
struggle. At the head of the respec
tive lines were the commanding gener
als, nobly mouuted—Washington,
Rochambeau, La Fayette, Lincoln,
Steuben, Knox, and the rest. Leading
the British came General O'Hara in
stead of Comwallis. The latter pleaded
illness, but he sent his sword by O'Hara
to be given up to Washington. As
O'Hara advanced to the chief, he was
referred to Lincoln, who, upon receiv
ing the sword as a token of the enemy's
submission, immediately returned it to
the British general, whose troops then
marched between the two lines to a
field on the right, where they grounded
their arms. For the proud and veteran
soldiers, who were the heroes of re
peated Southern victories, this was a
humiliating ceremony, but it was done
in good order. In the Geld a squadron
of French hussars had formed a circle,
and within it each regiment marched
and deposited their arms. There were
sad hearts in the column. The colonel
of the Bavreuthian regiment, Von Sev
bothen, led his men into the circle, and
gave the commands : "Present arms !
Lay down arms ! Put off swords and
cartridge-boxes!" his checks wet with
tears. A corporal in the Seventy-sixth
feelingly clasped his musket to his
breast, and then threw it down, with
the words, "May you never get so
good a master!" Writes a captain,
"We marched out reluctantly enough."
Trumbull's painting in the Rotunda
at the Capitol represents the surrender
of the enemy's standards.
Returning to their tents through the
same lines, the British were permitted
a few days of rest, when the rank and
file, with a number of officers, were
marched off to prison-camps at Win
chester, Virginia, and Frederick, Mary
land, guarded chiefly bv militiamen.
Their route lay through Williamsburg,
Fredericksburg, Red House, and Ash
by's Gap, into the Shenanioah Valley.
When they passed through the Gap,
two or three of the English officers
rode up to Mrs. Ashley's tavern, and
asked if she could get them up a dinner.
She stared at their uniform, and ejacu
lated at the spokesman, "A militiaman,
I guess."
"No," said the officer.
"Continental' mayhap?"
Another negative.
"Oho!" she exclaimed again, "I see;
you are one of the sarpints—one of old
< Wallis's men. Well, now, I have two
sons; one was at the catching of
Johnny Burgoyne, and the other at
that of you, and next year they are
both going to catch Clinton at New
York. But you shall be treated kind
ly : my mother came from the old
country."
The prisoners were soon removed to
York, Pennsylvania, and from there
exchanged at the peace. The entire
number surrendered, both officers aud
men. was 7247, or 1500 more than
were included in Burgoyne's capitula
tion. Of the artillery corps there were
233; King's Guards, 527 ; Light-Infun
try, 071; Seventeenth Foot, 245;
Twenty-third, 233; Thirty-third, 200;
Forty-third, 359 ; Seventy-first, 300;
Seventy-sixth, 715; Eightieth, 089;
Tarleton's British Legion, 241 ; Sim
coe's Queen's Rangers, 320 ; Anspach
and Bayreuthian regiments, 1077 ;
Prince Hereditary, 484; Pe Bose, 349;
Yagers, 73; North Carolina Volun
teers, 142 ; pioneers and engineers, 07 ;
and the remainder, staff departments.
The casualties of the enemy during
the siege were 150 killed and 326
wounded ; the American loss, 20 killed,
50 wounded; French loss, 52 killed,
134 wounded.
Of the operations on the Gloucester
side of York River during the siege it
is hardly necessary to say more than
that the enemy fortified themselves
around the village, and were hemmed
in by Brigadier-General Weedon with
twelve hundred Virginia militia, in
cluding about a hundred horsemen un
der Lieutenant-Colonel Mercer (who
was Ceneral Charles Lee's aide at
Monmouth), together with the French
Legion of cavalry under the Due de
Lauzun. De Grasse also lent eight
hundred marines, under De Choise, as
a re-enforcement for that side. Noth-
ing of importance occurred there after
the 3d of October, when Tarleton at
tempted to forage beyond his lines, and
was driven back by Lauzun with some
loss.
As to the assistance rendered by De
Grasse and his thirty-six ships of the
line in this brilliant and decisive cam
paign, its value can be measured only
by the results achieved. Not only was
Cornwallis effectually blockaded, but
the British fleet under Admiral Graves,
which attempted to break up the block
ade, was defeated, and Clinton's expec
tations and plans of relief disappointed,
lie did finally sail down with troops in
the hope of reaching Cornwallis through
some loop-hole, but he arrived off the
Capes only in time to hear of the sur
render. Nor are the services of La
Fayette and his handful of Continen
tals to be forgotten in this connection,
for he managed well, both in avoiding
his much stronger antagonist in Vir
ginia, and in subsequently making it
difficult for Cornwallis to retreat into
North Carolina, had he attempted
such a movement, on learning of Wash
ington's approach. Rarely have com
plex combinations worked so harmoni
ously and successfully as in this famous
Yorktown campaign.
Finally, in America the news of the
surrender was everywhere received
with the deepest joy. Lieutenant-Col
onel Tilghman, Washington's aide,
who had been with him since the bat
tle of Long Island, rode with the of
ficial dispatches for Congress as fast as
horse could carry him, reaching Phila
delphia soon after midnight of the 24th.
He roused the President, Thomas Mc-
Kean, and the great news was soon
spread through the city by the "watch
man. Congress met in the morning,
and after hearing the dispatches read,
proceeded in a body, at two o'clock in
the afternoon, to the Lutbern church,
where services were held by the Rev.
Mr. Duffield, one of the chaplains of
the body. Later they passed resolu
tions of thanks to the army, and for
the erection of a monument at York
town in memory of the event. A
grand illumination of the city in the
evening ended the day's rejoicings,
which were then continued throughout
the country. The army ia the High
lands, under Heath, devoted nearly a
week to salutes and camp banquets,
with Continental menu, and at Harvard
and Yale there were orations and bon
fires. The students of the latter college
sang "a triumphal hymn,"and its pres
ident, Dr. Stiles, was afterward moved
to write to Washington in terms like
these: "We rejoice that the Sover
eign of the Universe hath hitherto sup
ported you as the deliverer of your
Country, the Defender of the Liberty
and Rights of Humanity, and the
Maecenas of Science and Literature.
We share the public joy, and congratu
late our Country on the glory of your
arms, and that eminence to which you
have ascended in the recent victory
over the Earl of Cornwallis and his
army in Virginia." Nor are we to for
get that our generous ally Louis XVI.
of France, upon hearing of the sur
render, ordered a "Te Deum'' to be
sung in the Metropolitan church in
Paris on the 27th of November, while
the Bureau de la Vilie issued an ordi
nance directing "all the bourgeois and
inhabitants" of the city to illuminate
the fronts of their houses, "in order to
celebrate with due respect a great vic
tory gained in America, both by laud
and sea, over the English, by the ar
mies of the king combined with those
commanded by General Washington."
Even in Great Britain the disappoint
ment was not universal. Bancroft
tells us that "Fox—to whom, in read
ing history, the defeats of armies of in
vaders, from Xerxes's time downward,
gave the greatest satisfaction—heard of
the capitulation of Yorktown with wild
delight." The king, of course, was
still firm and uncompromising, and de
clared that he shoflld never be "in the
smallest degree an instrument" in mak
ing peace at the of separation
from America. To Lord North he
wrote, November 28: "I have no
doubt when men are a little recovered
of the shock felt by the bad news, and
feel that if we recede no one can tell
to what a degree the consequence of
this countrj- will be diminished, that
they will then find the necessity of
carrying on the war, though the mode
of it may require alterations." Many
good Englishmen believed as the king
did, and the gentle poet Cowper was
only avowing his loyalty to his sover
eign and his nation when he inserted
this passage in a letter to his friend the
Rev. John Newton: "It appears to
me that the king is bound, both by the
duty he owes to himself and his people,
to consider himself with respect to
every inch of his territory as a trustee,
deriving his interest in them from God,
and invested with them by Divine au
thority for the benefit of his subjects.
As he may not sell them or waste
them, so he may not resign them to an
enemy, or transfer his right to govern
them to any, not even to themselves, so
long as it is possible for him to keep
it II he does, he betrays at once his
own iuterest and that of his other do
minions. Viewing the thing in this
light, if I sat on his Majesty's throne,
I should be as obstinate as he." Opin
ion in Parliament rapidly changed af
ter the disaster, and in March, 1782,
the Commons voted to authorize the
king to make peace with America. On
the 19th of April, 1783, eight years to
a day after the war broke out, the good
news that it was over was announced
to the army by its beloved chief.
[L.i Fayette (Ind.) Sunday Times.]
Our City Drugists report an immense
sale of St Jacobs Oil, saying the de
mand is based upon the popularity of
its success. Wherever it has been
used, it has proved its value a thou
sand fold, receives its best encomiums
from those who have tried it.
In all rheumatic diseases rely wholy
on Peruna.
More persons have been cured with
Peruna than with all other remedies
put together.
A well known clergyman of Toledo,
0., says: I commenced to wear a Days
Kidney Pad, after my Doctor told me
I could not get well and within two
months I had completely recovered.
ADVERTISING KATES.
One square, one insertion, 91 ; each subse
quent insertion, SO cents. Yearly advertisement
exceeding one-fourth of a column, $5 per inch
Figure work double these tates: addition*
charges where weekly or monthly changes are
made. Local advertisements 10 cents per line
for firet insertion, and 5 cents per line for each
additional insertion. Marriages and deaths pub
liahod free of charge. Obituary notices charged
as advertisements, and payable when handed in
An iinn»' Notices, £4 ; Executors' and Adminis
;rators' Notices. #3 each; Esiray, Caution aiie
Dissolution Notices, not exceeding ten lines,
each.
From the fact that the CITIZK* is the old< 8»
established and most extensively circulated Re
publican newspaper in Butler county, (a Repub
lican county) it must be apparent' to businesk
mon that it is the medium they should use iii
advertising their business.
NO. 3G
KIDNAPPED BY GYPSIES.
The disappearance of little Charlie
Snyder, the nine-year-old, black-eyed,
Mack-haired boy, from the residence of
his uncle, H. M. Laws, 314 Pearl St.,
Catnden, on July 4, which has already
been published iu the newspapers, re
ceived what is believed to lie an all-im
portant clue in a rather startling reve
lation yesterday. Heretofore it has
been supposed that he was drowned,
but the return to Camden of another
lost boy who disappeared three days
after Charlie Snyder puts an entirely
new face on the affair and makes it al
most a certainty that the lost boy is
now, with two other lads, being car
rried about the country by a band of
gypsies. This boy who has returned
tells a remarkable story. His name is
Joseph M. Hay, aged thirteen years,
and his parents live at No. 330 Bridge
avenue. The boy is a bright, deep
eyed, white-headed, honest-looking lad,
of a very domestic temperament and
fond of books. On Thursday, July 7,
between 10 and 11 o'clock in the morn
ing. he was seated on the front steps of
his father's house, reading, when an
Italian came along with a monkey and
a hand-organ. Bov-like he threw down
his book and started after this musical
attraction, which he followed to the
outskirts of the city. This was the
last seen of him in Camden still Satur
day last. The boy's story is that after
he had left the organ-man and had
reached on his return a point nearllad
don avenue and Federal street, where
houses are scarce and pedestrians few,
a large gypsy wagon drawn by four
black horses drove up the road. If
there was one thing the boy was more
afraid of than another it was gypsies,
and he instantly started on a run in an
other direction. Before he had gone
far he says two of the men who had
jumped out of the wagon overtook him
and quick as a flash thrust a cloth over
1
his mouth, and thus gagged, carried
him to the wagon anil threw him in
and drove rapidly away. After they
had got some distance out on the road
they removed the gag and warned the
boy that if he made any noise they
would knock his brains out. Thus ad
monished, the lad concluded the best
thing to do was to keep he
did so.
THREE STOLEN CHILDREN.
Now comes the strangest part of the
story. In the wagon were four gypsy
men and four gypsy women and two
gypsy boys and two boys who were
not gypsies. These latter boys he de
scribes minutely. One had black eyes
and black hair and both were about
eight years old. They sat in the back of
the wagon, looking over a picture book
which the gypsies had given them.
He says he knows they were not gypsy
boys from the difference in the appear
ance between them and the other two
boys, who bad the unmistakably dirty
gypsy look. The black eyed boy,
he says, wore button gaiters, which
with the other details, describes exact
ly the appearance of little Charlie
Snyder, who disappeared three days
before.
The way in which the boy escaped
is described by him in a most natural
and vivid manner. They traveled all
the rest of the day and got through
Mount Holly and were near Jobstown
when night came on. The gypsies
drove into a meadow, and dismounting
pitched a tent as large as a good-sized
room. Several of the men then went
to a potato 6eld, while others lighted
a fire with which they presently cooked
some meat and boiled the potatoes
which bad been stolen. The other
boys seemed contented with their lot
and capered about the tent until after
supper, when the whole party lay
down to sleep. After they bad all
begun to snore the lad, who had lain
down but bad never closed his eyes,
got up steulthily and crawling over to
a spot where he had seen one of the
women drop n knite, with which she
had been cutting meat, secured it and
crept back to his place. Then turning
and laboring quietly and looking around
every moment to see that no one was
watching he dug up three or four of
the tent stakes, and by this means rais
ed the edge of the canvas sufficiently
for him to squeeze his body through,
which act was not accomplished any
too soon, for when he came to the last
stake he broke his knife and rendered
it useless for further work.
LIItEKTY WELL EARNED.
After gaining the open air he ran
through the hay field to the road and
looking about in the darkness saw a
light, which he supposed to be at a
farm-house. Going along the road un
til he reached the light he came to the
house of a Mr. Huston, who, upon
hearing the story, went with bim to
the gypsv camp and commanded the
campers to go away. Returning to
the house the farmer gave the boy sup
per and lodging and upon questioning
him next day learned that he had an
uncle living at Monmouth Junction, a
few miles distant. The boy was kept
at the farm-house all next day, or until
Saturday, when he was taken to his
uncle's and informatiorf sent to his
parents at Camden of his safety. Word
was sent back that the boy should be
kept until sent for and on Tuesday
Mrs. Day went and brought him home.
Since then he has been visited by rela
tives of the Snyder boy and in a con
versation which he had with Mr. Sny
der described the appearance of one of
the boys in the wagon in such a man
ner that the father firmly believes him
to be his missing son. A detective
from Mount Holly visited the Day boy
yesterday for the purpose of learning
his story and of gaining a clu« to the
movements of tbe gypsies, who were
reported to be within twelve miles of
Mount Holly. As evidence of the cor
rectness of the boy's story the detec
tive states that" his description of
places and distances is quite correct
aud that he has a clear idea of the cir
cumstances of the kidnapping from be
ginning to end. To-day the detective,
with two or three others on horse
back, will start out on a search, accom
panied by the boy's father and brother.
A gypsy"camp is said to be now about
nine miles from Mount Holly, but it is
feared these cannot belong to the same
gang.— Phila. Times July 22.