gVBSCBIPTIOX BATES : Per jrttr, in idruiM ®® Otherwise * 0® No subscription will be discontinued until all arrearages are paid. Postmasters neglecting to notify us when subscribers do not take out their papers will be held liable for the subscription. Subscribers removing from one postoffice to another should give us the name of the former as well as the present office. All communications intended for publication n this paper must be accompauled by the real name of the writer, not for publication, but aa a guarantee of good faith. Marriage and death notices must be aocompa nied by a responsible name. Address 81/TI.ICR CITIZBBf, BCJTLER. PA. Time of Holding Courts. The several Courts of the county of Butler commence on the fiist Monday of March, June, September and December, and continue two weeks, or so long aa neoeesary to dispose of the business. No causes are put down for trial or traverse Jurors summoned for the first week of the several terms. ATTORNEYS AT LAW. BUTLER, PA. A. M. CORNELIUS, Office with W. D. Brandon, Berg Building. Main Street, Butler, Pa. ~ J. F. BRITTAIN, Office with L Z- Mitchell, Diamond. A. M. CUNNINGHAM, Office in Brady's Law Building. Butler, Pa. STHT PIERSOL. Office on N- E. corner Diamond, Riddle build ing. JnovlS JOHN M. GREER. Office on N. E. comer Diamond. novl2 WJI. H. LUSK, Office with W H. H Riddle, Esq. WEWTON ULACK, Offioe on Diamond, near Court House, south side. E J J3KUGH, Office in Riddle's Law Building. S. F. BOW SEU. Office in Riddle's Law Building [marS T'j J. B. McJUNKIN. Special attention given to collections Otlic opposite Willard House. JOSEPH li. BREDIN, Office north-east corner ol Diamond. Bullet Pa. H HTGOUCHER, Office in Bchneideman's building, up ataus. J T. DONLY Office near Court House. 74 W. D. BRANDON, ebl7-76 Office in Berg's building CLARENCE WALKER, Office in Bredin building- marl7—t FERD REIBELL, Office in Berg's new building, Maiu street.apv>i. F. M. EAST AN, Office in Bredin building. LEV, McQULSTION, Offioe Main street, 1 door south of Court House JOS. C. VANDERLIN, Office Main street, 1 door south of Court House WRA A. FORQUER, 49* Office on Main street, opposite Vogeley House. GEO. 11. WHITE, Office N. E. corner of Diamorn FRANCIS S PURVIANCE, Office with Gen. J. N. Purviance, Main stree> south of Court House. J. 1) MeJUNKIN, Office In Schncideman's building, west side oi Maiu street, 2nd square from Court Houce. A. G. WILLIAMS, Office on Diamond, two doors west of Craztn offioe. ap'it> T. C. CAMPBELL, Office in Berg's new building, 2d door, ■ aide Main St., a few doors south of liowrj House. mar3—t CI A. & AI. SULLIVAN, may 7 Office S. W. cor ol Diamond. BLACK ATBRO., Office ou Maiu street one door soutii t» I Brady Block, Butler. Pa. (Sep. 2, 1874. JOHN AL MILLER & URO. ~ Offioe in Brady's Law Building, Main street, south of Court House. EUOE>K O. MLLI.EK, Notary Public. . jU n4 x y THOMAS ROBINSON^ BDTLEIt, PA. JOHN H. NEGLEY, Waives particulai attention to transaction) iH real estate throughout the county Umci ON DIAMOND, .NKAB OOUUT OmZIN BUILDING B. R. ECKLIT, KENNEDY MAKSUALL (Late of Ohio.) ECKLKY E-» | HECK & PATTERSON'S | ; NEW CAHPET ROOM | w ISTOW OPEN! ' H g o«i@ Po©*. South off Qtatttictg g Dafly's Klork, .eptao-tf Butler, P«, S HIVXS iRLVW iSHJ.OIOUO iSXSJHVO HOLIDAY PRESENTS ! GRAND DISPLAY THIS WEEK AT Rosenbaum & Co.'s, 112, HJfy 116, Market Street, Cor. Liberty Street, PITTSBURGH, PA. -EXDIR, BUY KID GLOVES, p o SILK UMBRELLAS, 1 10. ALPACA UMBRELLAS, LEATHER SATCHELS, PORTM ON NIES, PRESENTS GENT S CARD CASES, SILK MUEFLERS, SILK HANDKERCHIEFS. LINEN HANDKERCHIEFS, PRESENTS HEMSTITCHED HANDKERCHIEFS, EMBROIDERED IIANDKEKCHIEFS, MOTTO HANDKERCHIEFS, p-p JEWELRY BOXES, I i\JiO H.IS I O. BREAST PINS, CUFF BUTTONS, PRTTQI?VTS SCARF PINS, r KJlibiilN 1 S. UNDERWEAR, SILK SUSPENDERS, CARDIGAN JACKETS, PRESENTS. SgSS, SCISSORS, KNIVES, imrcmTrro ' LADIES'FANCY SETS, PRESENTS. • FUR SETS, FUR CAPS, TRIMMED HATS AND BONNETS. ISIF" And 1,000 other useful Presents at Immense LOW PRICES- HOTELS GR ANDBO CLE VARD HOTEL Corner 59 th St. & Broadway, NEW YORK. On Both American and European Plans. Fronting on Central I'ark, the Grand Boulevard, Broadway ai.d Fifty-Ninth St., this Hotel occu pies the entire square, autl was built ami fur nished at an expense of over *400,000. It is one of the most elegant as well as being the finest lo cated lu the city ; has a passenger Elevator and all modern improvements, and is within one square of the depots of the Sixth and Eighth Avenue Elevated K. R. r.irs and still nearer to the Broadway cars—convenient and accessible from all parts of the citv. Rooms with board, 12 per day. Special rates for families and permanent guests. E. HASKELL, Proprietor. -J- HE BBHREIBER HOUSE. L NICKLAS. Prop'., MAIN STREET, BUTLER, PA. Having taken poseesion of the above well town Hotel, and it being furnished in the best of style for the accomodation of guests, the public ire respectfully invited to give me a call. I have also possession of the barn in rear of hotel, which furnishes excellent stabling, ac comodations for my patrons. L NICKLAB. LIBERAL OFFERS FOR 1881. Two Yeais for llie Price of One! THE REFRINTS OF THE BRITISH QUARTERLY (Evangelical), LONDON QUARTERLY ( Conservative), EDINBURGH ( Whig), AND WETMINSTER {Liberal), BKVXKWt, AND Blackwood's Edinburgh Magazine, Presont the best foieign periodicals in a conven ient form and without abridgement or alteration. Terms of Subscr'ption, Including Postaoe. Blackwood or any one ona Review $ 400 per Blackwood and any one Review 7 00 annum Blac wood and two Reviews 10 00 Blackwood and three Reviews .3 00 Any two lieviewu 7 00 Any three Reviews 10 00 The four Reviews 12 00 Blackwood and the four Reviews 15 00 These are about half the prices charged by the English Publishers. Circulars giving the Contents of the Periodi cals for the year 1881. and many other particu lars, maybe had on application.' PREMIUMS : New subscribers may have the numbers for 1880 and 1881 at the price of one year's subscrip tion only. To any subscriber, new or old, we will furnish the periodicals for 1873 at half price. All orders to be sent to the publication office. To secure premiuns applv promptly. The Leonard Scott Publishing Co., 41 Barclay SI., New York. ORPHANS' COURT SALE!!! Pursuant to an order of the Orphans Court of Butler County, ther>- will be exposed to public sale on the premises, in Worth township, But ler County, Pa., on THURSDAY, FEBRUARY 17th, 1881, at one o'eloek, p. M , the following de scribed real estate, late ot George Vegan, dee'd, to wit: All that eertsin piece or tract ot land situate in Worth township, Butler County, Pa., bounded on the north by land 6 ot Edwnrd Sut lift and Henry Sutlitl. On the east by lands of heir.- of John Vogan Ou the south br lands of John Link and public road, and on the west by lands oi F. Albiu et a)., containing TWENTY-ONE ACRES AND EIGHTY PERCHES, more or less. About ten acres cleared, log house thereon erec i>d. good orchard ot bearing fruit trees. This piece of land is ibout two n iles from West Liberty, and is convenient to churches, sohools and stores. TERMS—One-thltd on confirmation ol sale, the remainder in two equal installments, with interest from date of sale--said installments to be tccured by bond aud mortgage. A DAM PrsOß, Adm'r Postofflce—Jacksville, Bullar Co., Pa. WANTED! 5,000 ft. Cherry aud Maple Boards in thiok 5,000 ft- Poplar aud Oak Boards, In. thick. 5,000 ft Maple and Cherry Plank 2 in. thick. 5,000 lei t of Chestnut hoards, 1 l-Bth in. thi< k. 2.000 ft. Ash Plank, 1 5-8 inches thick. 2.0C0 ft Ash and Cherry Bcantilng 3*3 in thick at the Furniture Factory WM. F: MILLER. Union Woolen Mill, BUTLER, PA. II FdI.LEHTOX. Prop'r. Manufacturer ol BLANKETS, FLANNELS, YAKNB, &c. Also custom work done to order, such as carding Rolls, making Blankets, Flannels Knit ting and Weaving Yarns, &c., at very low prices. Wool worked on the shares, it de , sired. my7-ly A. Haffner, BUCCEBSOR TO H BAUER IBROS. BVTI.Ett, PA., PLANING MILL AND Lumber Yard, MANUFACTURER AND DIALER IN Hough and Planed Lumber OF EVERY DESCRIPTION, DOORS, SASH, FRAMES, MOULDINGS, SIDING, FLOORING, BATTENS, Brackets, Gauged Cornice Boards, PORCH POSTS, STAIR RAILS, NEWELL POSTS & BALUSTERS, FENCE PALINGS, Ac., Ac. MICHIGAN SHINGLES Barn Boards, Plasteriog Lath, Hem lock Bill Stuff, of all kinds, constantly on hand, All of which I will sell on reasonable terms and guarantee satisfaction. Planing Mill and Lumber Yard on Jefferson street, Butler, Pa. ldecly A. HAFFNER. Jury List for .11 nrcli Term 1881 GRAND JURORS I'OR WEKK COMMENCING MONDAY, MARCH 7TH. Adams—John Johnston, George Kauffman. Allegheny—J.l. Wilson. Butler—George llelle. Buffalo—John M. Crumpe. Brady—John Stem. Butler borough—Lewis Keck. Concord—Robert Kinser. Connoquenessing S. P. Dodds. Cherry—F. B. Young. Cramberry—Cyrus Harper, William John son, Sr. Centre—Uriah Albert. Clearfield—Hugh D. McCrea. Fairview borough—ll. C. Black. Jackson—Adam Louutz. Jefferson —James Arthurs. Karns City—W. S. Williams. Mercer—James Buchannan. Oakland—Egid N« ff, James Thornberry. Washington—G. W. Meals. TRAVERSE JURORS FOR WEEK COMMENCING MONDAY, MARCH 14, 1881. Allegheny—A. f. Williams. Adams—Samuel Bel four. Brady—Jasper Convert. Butler —Adam Sehenck, J. S. White. Clearfield—W. Pipe. Esq., Cherry—George llookenberry, J. 11. Varner, Isaac Hall, Thomas Christy. Clinton—E. E. Maurhoff, George M. Gibson, Thomas Hay. Connoquenessing—W. 11. Blakely. Clay —Thomas McDivite. Donegal—James Benson, William Eminger, Isaiah Reep. Franklin—W. J. Barkley, James Y. Eng lish. Forward- —Martin Behm. Fairview—Daniel Eyman. Fairview borough—Wm. Patton. Jackson—Wm. I 'unean, Jr., Win. Cooper. Jefferson—Patrick Sheilds Charles Lensner. Lancaster —Georgo Dindinger. Millerstown—Win. Barnhart. Mercer—Abrnm Low. Middlesex—Wm. Syder, John R. Logan. Marion—Jacob Killerman, Michael Mc- Laughlin. Muddvcreek—Samuel Burnsides, Dinwiddie McCullough. Oakland—John Whitmire, Sr., F. 11. Mon nia, W. J. Robb. Parker—J. W. Smith. Penn—Joseph 1). Brown. Saxonburg—Herman Murie:". Summit—Robert •ommemled and prescribed by the best physicians In th« country. It will eure entirely the worst form of falling of the uterus, Leucorrhcea, irrcjjuLir and painful Menstruation, all Ovarian Troubles, Inflammation and Ulceration, Flooding*, all Displacements and the con sequent spinal weakness, and is especially adapted to the of life. It will dissolve and expel tumort from the uterus in an early stage of development. The tendency to cancerous.' umors there is checked very speedily by its use. In fact it has proved to be the great est and best remedy that lias ever been discover ed. It permeates every portion of the system, and skives new life and vigor. It removes faintness,flatulency, de stroys all craving for stimulants, an 1 relieves weakness of the stomach It cures Bloating, Headaches, Nervous Prostration, General Debility, Sleeplessness, Depression and Indi gestion. That feeling of bearing down, causing pain, weight and backache, is always permanently cured by its use. It will at all times, and under rll circumstan cen, act In harmony with the law that governs the female system. Tor Kidney Complaints of either sex this compound Is unsurpassed. Lydia E. Pinkham's Vegetable Compound Is prepared at 253 and 255 Western Avenue, Lynn, Man. Prioe SI.OO. Six bottles for $5.00. Bent by mail ia tiie form of pills, also In the form of Lozenges, on receipt of price, SI.OO, per box, for either. Mrs. FDfICHAIi freely answers all letters of Inquiry. Send for pam phlet. Address as above Mention this paper. Ko family should be without LYDIA E. PINKHAM* LIVER PILLS. They cure Constipation, Biliousness, and Torpidity of the Liver. 25 c«nts per box GEO. A. KELLY & CO.. General AgeDts, Pittsburgh. Pa. Sold by D. H. Waller, - Butler Pa. ™OP BITTERS? (A Medicine, not a Drink.) CO NT AI SB 1 HOPS, BUCHU, MANDRAKE, j DANDELION, ANDTHK PVRKST ASI> HKSTMEMOALQUALI TIKS or ALL OTIIKX UlTTCktf. TIIEY CURE All Dtieaseiof the Stomach, Bowels. Blood, Liver, Kidneys, and UrinaryOrftan«, Kcr- B voluntas,Rlconle»«nes»aii(! especially b» Female Complaint*. SIOOO IN COLD. 3 ■Will be for a case they will not cure help, or (or un> thine Impure or Injurious found in tli> m. Aslc y.*>«r drupplut for Hop Bitters and try them before you sleep. Take uo other. D I. C. Is an absolute and Irreslstlhleour* for ijrunkeunesa, use of opium, tobacco and narcotics. ■MM SEXD FOB CIBCTLAB. BMM All »bo*e 10M i'T dMir-:'tti. Hop Bittm Uig. Ca., IV)cfa«tcr, N. V., Jc Toronto, Ont. ' TT3IE (3-T^/E-A-T KIDNEY REGULATOR AND DIURETIC. KIDNEGEN is highly recommended and nn curpjissed for WEAK of FOUL KIDNEYS, DROL'- SY, BKIGHT'S DISEASE. LOSS of ENERGY. NERVOUS DEBILITY, or anv OBSTRUCTIONS arising FROM GRAVEL or BLADDER DISEASES. Also for YELLOW FEVER, BLOOD and KIDNEY POISONING, in infected 111 alanal sections. T3E~BV llie ilist illation of a FOREST LEAF with JUNII'FIR BERRIES and BARLEY MALT we have discovered KIDNEGEN. which acts speci fically on the Kidneys and Urinary Organs, re moving deposits in the Bladdej and any straining, smarting, heat or irritation in the water passage* giving them strength, vigor anil causing a healthy color and easy flow of urine. IT can be taken at all times, in all climates, without injury to the system. Unlike any other preparation for Kidney difficulties, it has a very pleasant and agreeable taste and flavor. It contains positive diuretic pro perties and will not nauseate. Ladies especially will like it, and Gentlemen will find KIDNEGEN the besttKidney Tonic ever used ! NOTICE—Each bottle bears the signature of LAWRENCE & MARTIN, also a Proprietary Government Stamp, which permits KIDNEGEN to be sold (without license) l>y druggists, groeera and other persons every where. Put up in Quart-size Bottles for General and Family Use. LAWRENCE & MARTIN, Prop'rs Chicago II {39~SoUI by Druggists. Grocers and Dealers everywhere, and by LAWRENCE & MARTIN, No. 6 Barclay St„ New Y'ork. octl3-ly WILL IT CURE ME? Said a man, whose woebegone counten ance and broken-down constitution plain ly showed traces ot disease*- A sufferer with Nervous Dyspepslr, in whone stomach the most delicate morsel lay like lead. Re freshing sleep and quiet nerves were stran ger! to turn, and he despaired of ever being welt. We advised him to take SIMMONS LIVER REGULATOR, which he did, and in a short time was not only relieved bnt cured. Reader, if you are suffering with Dyspep sia or Liver Disease in any form, do not wait until the disease has taken a fast hold upon you. but use the Regulator when the symptoms first show themselves. SIM MOSS LIVER REGULATOR is not an al coholic stimulant, but a PURELY VEGE TABLE REMEDY hat will cure when every thing else fail-. It is a faultless fam ily medieiue. Does not disarrange the system. Is no violent drastic purge, but nature's own remedy. The friend of eve ryone. and will not dlsap|>oiiit you. A single trial will convince YOU that it is the cheapest, purest and best Family Medicine in the world. ASK the recovered dyspeptics, billious sufferers, victims of fever anil ague, the mercurial diseased patient how theey re covered their Jiealtn, cheerful spirits' and good appeiite— they will tell you by taking Simmons Liver Regulator. ASK YOUR DRUGGIST FOR Simmons Liver Regulator! Original and genuine prepared only liy J. 11. ZEILIX A CO., I'll 11 a. Apr 2K-IY JAMES J. CAMPBELL, County Cuvonev. Office In Fair-view borough, in Telegraph Office. TNILL BIIINWW P. 0.. Butlor Co., Pa. O: F FT per day at home Samples worth CV.) IU yZ\> JSS free. Addreta STOISOS A Co., Portland, Maine- deoK-lj COUNTY AND TOWNSHIP GOVERNMENT. As there are a great many people who do not fully understand the du ties of the several county auu town ship officers, elected in every county. Professor George L. Marris has com piled the following synopsis of their several duties, which we think off suf ficient interest to lay before our read ers : COUNTY GOVERNMENT—A county is a corporate body, having power to hold real estate and personal property. It may make contracts within the lim its of its corporate powers, and it may sue and be suc J .. The corporate powers are exercised by the County Commissioners. THE OFFICERS of a coanty are the Judges of the Courts, County Com missioners, District Attorney, Clerk of the Courts, Prothonotary, Sheriff, County Treasurer, Recorder of Deeds, Register of Wills, County Superin tendent of Schools. Coroner, Auditors, County Surveyor, Overseers of the Poor, Jury Commissioners Cns JUDGES OF THE COURTS are elected for ten years. They preside over the several courts of the county, viz: Ist. The Court of Common Pleas; 2d. The Court of Quarter Ses sions of Peace; 3d. The Court of Oyer and Terminer and General Jail Delivery; 4th. The Orphans' Court. THE COURT OF COMMON PLEAS, or, "Common Pleas," as it is generally called, has jurisdiction in all civil cases within the county, that is, in ali cases of dispute between man and man not not of a criminal character. THE COURT OF QUARTER SESSION OF THE PEACE, or "Quarter Sessions," as the name is usually given, tries all crimes, misdemeanors and offences against the laws of the Commonwealth except those ever which the Oyer and Terminer has exclusive jurisdiction ; all high crimes, such as murd«r, trea son against the Commonwealth, rob bery, mayhem, arson and burglary, are tried in the Oyer and Terminer, which differs from the Quarter Ses sions only in the form of trial, the former adhering to the old forms of trial inherited from old English laws. THE ORPHANS' COURT has jurisdic tion oyer the settling up of the estates of decedents, over the appointment etc., of guardians of minors and the settle ment of their accounts. JURORS. —A grand jury is usually composed of twenty-three (23; men, but may be composed of any number be tween twelve (12) and twenty-three (23) inclusive. It does not try cases but only determines whether there is sufficient evidence to warrant putting the defendent on trial, in criminal cases. PETTIT JURIES are composed of twelve (12) men each. They try all matters of fact in criminal prosecution. TRAVERSE JURIES try civil cases. Trial by jury is inviolate, when the de mand of the plaintiff is S2O or more. This is secured by the Constitution of the United States, uot by State en actment, trial by jury may be demand ed in Pennsylvania when the amount of claim exceeds $5.33. COUNTY COMMISSIONERS. —There are three County Commissioners in each county, and they are elected for a term of three years. It is their duty to levy the county taxes and determine the tax rate. They must keep in repair the Court House, jail and work-houses, and build new ones when properly author ized to do so. They must also build county bridges and keep them in re pair. Road damages, assessed to pro perty owners for lands taken for new roads or streets within the country, on warrant of the Commissioners. All bills against the county must be approved by them before they are paid by the county treasurer. The law also requires the County Commissioners to publish a statement of all receipts and expenditures at the close of each fiscal year. DISTRICT ATTORNEY. —The District Attorney shall sign all bills of indict ment and conduct in Court all crim inal prosecutions in the name of the Commonwealth. lie is paid by fees, partly out of the county funds and partly by individu als. CLERK OF THE COURTS. —The Clerk of the Courts is clerk of the Criminal Courts. He must keep judgment dock ets for the entry of all judgments of these respective Courts in the order of time. This officer also keeps a record of the jurymen drawn, and certifies the time of the attendance of each to the County Commissioners. All papers appertaining to the opening, widening and vacating of roads must be kept by him in road dockets. The Orphans Court Docket contain a record of the accounts of guardians of orphans, executors, administrators, etc., after they are confirmed by the Court. PROTHONOTARY.,— The name Pro thonotary means "first clerk;" this officer is clerk of the Court of Common Pleas. All civil actions for more than SIOO usually originate from thisjoffice. Until recently all claims *br more than SIOO had to originate in the office of he Prothonotary, but by a recent act of the State Legislature, an action for an amount less than S3OO may originate in this office or by suit before a Jus-' tice of the Peace. The whole record of each civil suit arising in the office of the Prothonotary is kept in the office. All judgments are entered in the order of time. The Prothonotary may enter judg ment at the instance of the plaintiff upon confession of the defendant. THE SHERIFF is the executive officer of the Court. All writs issued to him by the Court must be executed by him, and return made to the Court. He and the Jury Commissioners draw the names of jurors and the Sheriff give 3 them notice to attend Court. He gives notice of general elections. lie is also an officer of the peace and may make arrests for breach of the peace coming with his knowledge. THE COUNTY TREASURER receives all moneys due the county and pays the same on warrants drawn by tho { County Commissioners. He alsore ceive6 taxes due the Commonwealth, such as hotel and mercantile licenses, 1 and pays the same to the State Treas urer. THE RECORDER OF DEEDS shall re cord all deeds, mortgages and convey ances appertaining to his office, which shall be brought to him for that pur pose. He must enter every deed or writing in the order of the time in which it is brought to him. Every deed should be on record within six months of the time at which it was made. It is very important that mort gages should be on record as soon as delivered, as they take precedence ov» i each other in the order of the time in which they are placed upon record. Purchase-money mortgages when en tered within sixty days, take prece dence of others previously entered sub sequently to said purchase and sale REGISTERS OF WILLS grant letters testamentary and letters of Adminis tration. He examines and files the ac counts of executors, guardians and trustees of life estates. Wills are ad mitted to probate, recorded aud filed bp him. Letters of administration are due first to the widow, next to the son in the order of their age, then to the daughters in like order. In case the defendant leaves neither widow nor children, parents, brothers and sisters are next entitled. A COLLATERAL inheritance tax of 5 per cent, is due the State upon estates not descending to lineal heirs. The widows' portion is, however, excepted. THE COUNTY SUPERINTENDENT OF SCHOOLS must visit the public schools of the county as often as practicable, note the course and methods of instruc tion, and give directions in methods of teaching. He must see that in every school district, the common branches shall be taught. He must examine teachers and make an annual report to the Superintendent of Public Instruc tion. He must also hold the County Institute each year. COUNTY AUDITOR.—There are three auditors in each county ; they must as semble on the first Monday of January in each year, and audit, settle and ad just the accounts of the County Com missioners, County Treasurer, Direc tors of the Poor and Prison Inspectors. THE CORONER must inquire, when any person is slain, dies suddenly or in prison, concerning the manner of the death; this he does by a jury of six men whom he is empowered to summon. THE COUNTY SURVEYOR surveys un patented lands. JURY COMMISSIONERS.—There are two Jury Commissioners, who, in con junction with the Judge of the Courts, fill the jury wheel with names; these names are drawn from time to time by the Sheriff, in the presence of the jury commissioners, as there is need ofjury men for the sessions of the courts. OVERSEERS OF THE POOR.—There are three Overseers of the Poor They have general supervision of the poor of their respective boroughs and town ships. The expense is paid by the borough or township. A TOWNSHIP IS A QUASI-CORPORA TJON It may hold property within the scope of its corporate powers. A township may be sued as an individu al. The corporate powers are vested ia the supervisors. OFFICERS OF A TOWNSHIP. —Justice of the Peace, Constable, Supervisors, Assessors, Judge and Inspectors of Elections, Tax Collector. There are two Justices of the Peace in each township, or borough, elected for five years. The Justice has juris diction in civil cases, when the amount in question does not exceed SIOO, by recent act of assembly this jurisdiction may be extended to sums not exceed ing S3OO by consent of the interested parties. His decision is final when the demand of the plaintiff does not ex ceed $5.33. He must keep dockets, in which he enters the facts concerning all cases tried by him The Justice is. as the name implies, a peace officer, and he may issue warrants for the ar rest of all law-breakers upon written complaint on oath or affirmation. He may require the party charged with any crime to give bail for his appear ance at Court. It is also a part of his duty to marry persons. THE CONSTABLE is elected annually. He is the executive officer of the Jus tice of the Peace, as the Sheriff is the executive officer of the Court. He makes arrests on warrants from the justice and for breach of the peace or crime coming under his own observ ation. He must give notice of towu ship elections at least ten days in ad vance thereof. He must also give notice to the Court of the place in which intoxicat ing liquors are sold contrary to law ; also of gambling houses within his township. He may expose to sale the goods of the defendant, to raise money to satis fy a debt, etc. SUUPERVISORS. —There are usually two supervisors in each township, elected annually. Their duties are to open roads and keep them in repair, to make "bridges over small creeks, rivu lets and deep gullies." They must erect index boards at cross roads, with names of places to which said roads lead. A penalty of $lO may be imposed for neglect or re fusal to do so. THE ASSESSORS make out a list of the names of all taxable inhabitants of the township, also on account of the real estate, personal property, offices of profit, professions, trades and occupa tions of the citizens. This list is made the basis for the assessment of taxes. THE TOWN CLERK enters a descrip tion of stray cattle, etc. When such cattle come to the residence of a citi zen he should call upon the town clerk and give him a full description of them and advertise for the owner. If he cannot be found they may be sold to pay expenses. SCHOOL DIRECTORS. —There are six school directors in each township or borough, unless otherwise provided by special enactment. They have entire charge of the school property of dis trict, employ all teachers and collect the school tax. They must establish a sufficient nuw- ber of schools for the education of eve ry individual of school age. They must provide out of the school funds a suitable bookcase, for library obtained for the school and for school books in the schools. They must pub lish annually a statement of the receipts and expenditures of the year. The Judge and inspectors of elec tions hold the elections and couut the votes. Correspondence of BI'TI.ER CITIZEN. THE ALMS HOUSE QUESTION. MESSRS. EDITORS: —As for further reasons why I am in favor of a county alms house, I would say: 4. The maintenance of the poor should have respect to the proprieties and decencies of civilized society. That a person has become indigent is no reason why he or she should be subject to contemptuous or indecent treatment. The tendency of society— though it is not creditable—is to look down upon the poor at any rate, and when oue has become dependency poor that tendency is increased. There is not a pauper in any district in this county, nor is this county an exception —that is treated with the same cour tesy and consideration that he received before he became a pauper, no matter "What the cause that made him poor Or why he help demands." The very fact that he is "on the town ship," or borough stamps him, in the estimation of many with a kind of in famy ; nor is the case modified if the pauper is a female. Does any one know the tauuts and insults they re ceive if they go abroad alone eyen on the public highway ? Some of them have places where they are respected and protected; many others live where they receive no regard and where they are often sub ject to insult and even violence ; and if they are reckoned as we»k minded, which is often the fact, their case is more pitiable and intolerable. A properly conducted alms house is a refuge for them aud its precincts give them latitude enough for exercise and recreation with all the security and pro tection theyj need. 5. The maintenance of the indigent poor should not be without some pru dent regard to their spiritual welfare. I will venture the assertion, that in securing places for the poor, as it now is, no respect at all is had to their spiritual interests. The matter is to find them places as cheaply as possible and that is about the only matter. I will not say that an absolutely bad family would be preferred simply be cause it made the lowest bid ; but I do say and insist that the price of the keeping is the principal thing, and if the family making the lowest bid is not notoriously irreligious the lowest price settles the place. Evt_n if the family is religious there are, in many instances, many reasons in their estimation, why it is not suita ble for their charge to attend church, or if it is some distance to church it is easy to frame a reason why it is not convenient to convey theircharge thith er ; aud then in mauy cases such poor, knowing that they are paupers, become so diffident that they will not attend a place of public worship atall. I would not force religion upon them and yet they must be cared for spiritually and should have such opportunities as arc suited to their circumstances and con dition. In an alms house properly regulated there is not only suitable provision made for the bodies but also for the souls of the inmates. That religion at whose instance they are cared for is commended as worthy of their at tention, and that Christ who came to preach the gospel to the poor, is com mended as their best friend, which is certainly not only appropriate, but also right. 6. The maintenance of the indigent poor should have respect to their hu mane treatment in case of sickness, and to their decent interment in the event of death. I will not allege anything against the present system on this count; not, however, because I cannot; but 1 will say that only in a well regulated alms house can the poverty-stricken, suffering, dying and dead ones have that attention, treatment and care that they should have under the peculiar circumstances that surround them. I speak of a well regulated, well conducted alms house, of course. We do not advocate any other; and this reminds me, Mr. Editor, that in an editorial note in your paper of the 10th ult, you say: "Whether or not a county poor house or farm would be a benefit to the poor and a saving to the county, would depend entirely upou how it is established and how it is managed." The two principal things involved in this question you state correctly to be : 1. The benefit to the poor, and 2, the saving to the county. The former, I think I have established. It certain ly would be a benefit to the poor, and such a benefit too as in all charity, humanity and justice the poor should have. The matter of the saving to the county, I have not especially argued and until I can procure suffi cient data I cannot argue it as I wish ; but that the benefit to the poor and the saving to the county depend upon how it is established and managed, is a matter that is self evident; though I cannot see why Butler county can not find Commissioners who can es tablish and manage an alms house in such a way as to make it, in both these respects, a complete success. The saving to the county, with your leave, I may consider at another time. HUMANITAS. THE SENSE OF SPACE. —At a recent meeting of the French Society of Bio logy M. Mathias Duval reported what he believed to be an important discov ery in relation to the origin of the audi tory nerve. He finds, in the course of his researches upon the origin of the cranial nerves, that the auditory nerve has two quite distinct roots, the poster ior one proceeding from a nucleus, de scribed by all authors, the other' ante rior, proceeding from a nucleus for mo tor fibers. Some fibers of the anterior I root turu back iuto the cerebellum. ADV£IiTISL\U KATKh, Or.e sqnaro, one n.oert.xn. fl : etch ml r-e quent inset tioo. CO cents. Veil ly vh tititcnulit exoeeding cne-fourth of a column, (l> j crn ch Figure wort double there rales; Bdditioua charges where weekly or monthly cl angos »ra made Local advertisements 10 cents per lin* for firet mt-ertion, ard 5 cents per line for each additional insertion. Marriages and deaths pub lished free of charge. Obituary i.oticee charged as advcrUtcmcnts. and payable" when handed in Auditor*' Notice*. f4 ; Executors' end Adminis trator»' Noticw. #S each ; Kstray. Caution Di.-v>«ulutioti Notices, not exceeding ten line*, each. From the fact that the CITIZK.N ie the oldis' established and most extensively circulated R« fmblican newspaper county, (a Repnb ican county) it must be apparent' to buhine*» men that it is the medium they should use ii> advertising their business. . NO. 12 NE M r S TOR Y AliOU T LINCOLN The editor of the St. Louis Repub lican, Democratic, tells a new story of President Lincoln to the effect that during the early part of the war when Mr. Lincoln was not moving fast enough to suit the more advanced leaders, and when he was still regarded by some a* merely a good-natured, well meaning Illinois lawyer, needing the constant supervision and advice of experienced statesmen, Senator Sumner called ono day to furnish his share of the advice, lie,talked long, learnedly, and, as usua' f rather dictatorial!}'. Lincoln heard him through, smiliug occasionally, but mak ing no remark. But when the stream of Senatorial eloquence finally stopped, he said to the utter amazement of his distinguished guest: "Stand up, Sum ner, and let's measure backs." Sum ner stood up, with all th'i reluctance of offended dignity, and the two backs were brought in contact. "Ah," said Lincoln when the measuring was end ed' "my back is a good deal longer than yours, Sumner; yes a good deal long er." The interview was speedily term inated,and as the door closed on the tall form, Lincoln remarked, as if soliloquizing, to a friend present: "Sum ner's a smart man, a mighty smart man. What an educatiou he's got. I wish I had such a one. Sumner ought to be King of Prussia; the place would just suit him." "XfH FaiiKled Xotious" may not work injury to people when they relate to matters of little conse quence, but when entertained as to what we shall take when afflicted with serious disease they may lead to dear experience. Don't therefore trifle with diseases of the blood manifested by eruptions, blotches, scrofulous and oth er swellings and grave symptoms, but take that well tested :ind efficacious remedy, Dr. Pierce's Golden Medical Discovery—the greatest blood-purifier of the age. It the bowels are very cos tive use also Dr. Pierce's Pellets (lit tle sugar-coated pills). CURES FEVER AND AGUE. PLEASANT VALLEY, JO Davies C 0.,) 111., March 31st, 1879. ) Dr. li. V. Pierce, Buffalo, N. Y.: DEAR SIR:—I write this to inform you that my child, one year old has been permanently cured of the fever and ague in a weeks time, and the use of but half a bottle of your Golden Medical Discovery. My wife a long sufferer from liver complaint and billi ousness, by the use of the Discovery and Pellets has been entirely relieved- The Discovery has never disppointed us for coughs aud colds. Yours truly, JAMES STRICKELL. It is truly said that there is only one way not to get cheated in a horse trade, and that is not to buy the horse. It is positively guaranteed cure, for Diabetes, Gravel, Dropsy and every form of Bladder and Kidney trouble, DAYS KIDNEY PAD. It is more comfortable to keep house on the point of a cambric needle than to live in a fashionable set and not be jn the fashion. It is all very well to talk poetically about the slender thread of fate, but the ugly truth is that a man's fate general ly depends on the number of hours of honest work he puts into every day. Over 500,000 bottles of Dr. Bull's Cough Syrup are sold every season, and thousands of persons saved from an untimely grave. The price is 25 cents. It is said that when Edmond About wrote his book, "The Story of an Hon est Man," he searched in vain for a mod el, and was at last compelled to draw the character from his imagination. Persons prematurely gray can have their hair restored to its youthful beau ty, by using Hall's Vegetable Sicilian Hair Kenewer, the best article in the market. If profession instead of practice would carry a man to heaven then both heav en and the other place would be filled with a very mixed company. They would have to be sorted all over again. The more costly the shoes which parents buy for their children, the more important is it that they should be pro tected at the toe by the beautiful A. S. T. Co. Black Tip, as they double the wearing value of the shoe, while giv ing it a neat appearance. Some people have, perhaps uncon sciously, a way of habitually rubbing the fur the right way and making everything smooth, while others, equal ly unconscious, always rub it the wrong way and live in the midst of a perpetual snarl and growl. The gift to give to your enemy is for giveness; to your opponent, tolerance; to a friend, your heart; to your child, a good example ; to a father, deference; to your mother, conduct that will make her proud of you ; to yourself, respect; to all men, charity, and to the sick, Simmons' Liver Regulator. T found it excellent for sour stomach, indigeston, dizziness aud headache. A. J. AD KINS. The poor Irishman may have noth ing to eat, but he can't help showing his humor. As a funeral passed the corner one said to his fellow:—"Wei', Pat, there's another man taking his af ternoon ride." Pat pulled his slouched hat over his eyes, and replied :—"True for you, but nobody begrudges him his good luck." USEFUL LAW HINTS.—A note dated on Sunday is void. If a note be lost or stolen it does not release the maker ; he must pay it. An indorsrr. of a note is exempt .from liability if not served with notice of its dishonor within twenty-four hours of its nonpayrtient. Each individual in partnership is re sponsible for the whole amount of tbo debts of the firm, except in cases of special partnership Ignorance of law excuses no one. An agreement with out consideration is void. Signatures in lead pencil are good in law A re ceipt-for monoy is not legally conclu sive. Contracts made on Sunday can not l>e enforced. A contract made with a minor is voidable. A contract made ' with a lunatic is void. Checks or. drafts must be presented for payment without unreasonable delay.