SCBUURIPXIOJT BATES :
Per year, in advance $1 50
Otherwise
No eubaeriptioii will be discontinued until *1!
arrearages are pud. neglecting to
OoMtv its when 'rilx.is <lo not take out their
paj-ois "ill lie h id liable for the anbacription.
Subscriber removing from one poetoflioe to
another should .ive ns t.ie name of the former
H well as the t>r -tent office.
All communications intended for publication
i! tluc paper lanst l>e accompauied by the real
ii.. of the writer, n->t for publication, but as
« li'iaian tee of good faith.
V..rriago and death notices must be acconipa
ll* d l<y t responsible name
X 1 ' nil- HI n v,R ctTizfcx.
BCTLER. PA.
i 'jf! t£S GUIDE.
. , t !.< :N L; t VN"I t'ARKBK KAtI.KOAD
i i- 'tinier tor St. Joe, Millerstown,
Parker, etc., at 7.27 a in.,
lu l 2 2 .ad 7.25 p. ra.
T> i . hi Buller from the above nsmcd
oi •! 7. 7 :i. p.). ana 2.15, unrt 7.15 p m.
Tli.- 2 l"> train connce:> wilh traltwon the West
I'ori:• r'.'id uuh to Pittsburgh.
: [;VAV(. ■ \'-T> XI.LCOFEST UAIJ.KOAD.
', ii ii :iv lib. .riiV Mill, Butler county,
(ji* . :i.\i!ie, Greenville, etc., at 7.50 a. m.
m l 2.25 p. ra. . „
1 , c ,;i liilli.nd'e Mills at 1:45 A, m.,
ill. r ' I' M.
ii • , > from Petrolia, Msrlinsbnrtr,
Fairi i. .Uo ami Tiontiumi, connect at liil
lurd wi ii ■ !l trains on the S & A road.
PENNSVLVV.MA RAILROAD.
Train* leave Butler (Butler or Pittsburgh Time.)
Market at s.ott a. in., iroes through to Alle
gheny, art ivlnfi at 9.01 :v tn. This train eon
reets 'at Freeport wi'h Frecport Accommoda
tion, which arrives at Allegheny at 8.20 a. m.,
railroad tine.
Exp) est at 7.Ci a. m, connecting at Buller
Junction, without cbinjre of cars, it 8.26 with
F.xp.efe west, aniviujf In Allegheny at 9.58
a. m., and Express east arriving at Blairsville
at 11 00 a. ra. railroid time.
Mail At 2.53 p. m , conn<:ctin2 at Butler Junc
tiouwithout change ol care, with Express west,
arriving in Allegheny at 526 p. tn., and Ex
press east arrivintr at Blairsville Intersection
at 6.10 p. m. railroad time, which connects wUh
Philadelphia Kxpre*s east, when on time.
The 7.21 a. in train connects nt Blairsville]
at 11.05 a. ra with the Mail east, and the 2.36
p.m. train at 6.59 with the Philadelphia Ex
press east.
Trains arrive at Butler on West Penn K. R. at
9.51 a. m., 5 and 7.20 p. m.. Butler lime. The
951 and 5.06 trains connect with trains on
the Butler & Parker K. R. Sun ay train arrives
at Bntle* at 11.11 a. m., connecting with train
for Parker.
Main Line.
Through trains leave Pittsburgh tor the East,
it 2.56 aDd 8.26 a. m. and 12 51, 4.21 ai d 5.06 p.
on., arriving at Philadelphia at C.-10 and 7.20
p. m. and 3.00, 7.0 and 7.40 a. to.; at Baltimore
about the same t'ine, al New York three hours
later, and at Washington about one and a half
hours later.
~ PHYSICIANS.
JOHN E 13YERS,
PHYSICIAN AND SURn BON,
fny 4 21-lyl BUTLER I'A
i)KNTISTS
D HiJSf 1713T hx.Y.
fi < A \I.DRO\M-" MlaU ot be Phil
|| * idelp* In Hen' >! ' tl!e:.e.i-|ire| red
V . t•• ■ i,, ij•. ,nr>ilii:i' m the lint- ot lii»
profession in a - iti»f..( t"i y unimiei
Office oil Mali- Street. Bullet. Union Block,
nt' stairs, ll>ll
LAND :"h SALK.
FOR SAIjE.
\ i iiri.i.i i*-ii. ,111 fi.inie li< u#e, located
I: it .i no'th»'e*t'TH t art of Butler
I - ; A i.e.- ity on:' uil lilies.
Kt () l ii.' it»«h and l-Hlanee in font
~,. 1 t quii-i at ihit- i»tl cc,
r J^ale.
s . -mi ved K mof Rev. Vv". R Hutch
fc...i,.i,, 1.i,. ti . comer of Middlesex town
„lii. i! . I cr.n fv. Pi .if let"" cffeve'l for Hale,
low Inquire of W K FUIHBEE, on the prem
ieeH aplCtf
F" I? SAIjE.
f v-s i,.i. Ati t'-liall interest ill a tood bu«-
lnt-s in Pitt- 'Urth. Oue who knows soine
tlil: abut t ri> inir pit ferred. An honest man
«• ••• •• i i tiniit «ill do well to address
!i .7 HI VS. cure S M James,
i Pi iri'll Pi | a u27-lv
N<
\ O'ilPA .Y
vv I'U
} »», ;
itl »s S| v r-s. <r>! H 1 ,000
\ f -K' N . V. \ «
•»S' r on - f t-t" huf «r. Pa.
T\ Y |
rirt-. insurance Co.
fir Cor Vlam n<l <nningham Sts.
(3. C. ROESSTNG, PRESIDENT.
» \Sil'|{KLL. PhKASURKK
t • IIKINKMAN Ski:RKTAK>
DIHKCTI »|{tS :
■1 1., tirvi. E. A. Ile.'mboldt
V ll Ham Cam, I«I •I W. Buikhart
A. rronittiHu. -lacob Schoene.
(}. 0. R.K-«-IHH fohn Caldwell.
Dr. W Irvln, W. W Dodds,
J. W.Ohrlstv H. C. Heineman.
J AS. T, M'J UN KIN. Gen Ag't
BTJTT "FIT?, F A
*u\H\ HAM;
r ' 4 riiim TMLOB,
■ ■*. ■i l -IXTiJ STREETS
f - ,h
till V' I __ t Apply at once, if you
Pi \ ' 1 . have lieen disabled in
the U. S s-rv. I. \\\ KX PIKES JILV Ist,
ls.Ho, tr', i: ' K- : K v-IOXS INCREAS-
I.li i'b .ti-i . PciMtntr* are rated too low. I
ROUS r 7 Ni>\:;w DISi HAKGES PRO
(l'ifF.n liifttrmation freely giveu. Send,
stamp for blanks. Address.
STODDART & CO., I
Room ,-,St. Cloud Building, Washington, D. C.
Notice Ex*
Pf-iHim- it ~:ne<r to have tiieir Old Fnrniture
repair d. or Nt-w Work made to order, ancii as
Music St 'i * : k>ok ''a«es. Wardrobes. Office
Ueekt-. offi :o Tablos, Ac.,woulddo well to call on
A. 13. WILSON,
Practical Cabinet MakPr.
I bold that r. piece of furt iture made bv hand
wnitii two ti.ide ity macliinery. and will cost
Diit little moi . u any. Then why n it. have liand
uia-ie? All notk ni'ide in the latest styles and
of the best notorial I fjnaranteo entire sat
isfacfi m tn Htvle. workmanship and price. Oive
mo a cail. Khop on Mifflin street four doors
west of Mvti ;*rect. undoi)posite A Troutman's
store. Iliulm. Pa. sepl7-ly
BAUSU & BAXTER,
Liygiy, Sale and Feed Stables,
REAR OF VOGELEY HOUSE,
Jni'9-3 n _ BUTLER. PA.
For this style Singer.
■EMr ll 12 We will senil it to your
JmU Depot to be examined l>e-
JBCMN fore you pay for it. If it is
Iw' 1 RrJ not as represented it can lie
—IT returned at our exiiense.
Send a postal card for illus-
Wij.j.y * IV. 17 X. Tenth St., Philadelphia.
julyl4-3m
4<lmiif iwlralor's Notice.
Letter* of administrator having been granted
ti the undersigned on the estate of George
Vogau, dee'd, late of Worth township, Butler
county, Pa., notice is hereby eiven to all those
knowing themselves indebted to said estate,
that immediate payment is required, and tho9e
havin,' claims against the same to present them
duly authenticated for payment.
ADAM PISOR. Adro'r.
scp2.-'-Ct Jacksville P. 0., Butler, Pa.
<S K tn C; )rt ,)cr ''»y home Samples worth
JS'J lw Y-o *5 free. Addrena STINSOM A Co.,
rortlwd, Maine. deeply
VI >[ . XVII.
CARPETS! OIL MATS! RUGS' STAIR_RODS
§ STOCK! *nsw STOCK! >
!g
5 HECK & PATTERSON'S
| IS CARPET BOOM !
L TSTOAV OPII]S r !
sa On© Door South of therr Clothing r
j Duity'N Klock, «ept2o-tf Butler. Ta. 2
IHivxs jgOflH iSIVK iSHXQTOjno
141 Fine Merchant Tailoring 141
AT
JOHN OMMERT'S,
a B • Nt., «"S t J'. Paw.
ALSO A COMPLETE ASSORTMENT OF
:MZ-E3SPS BOY'S _A.:N" ~D F '3
RT.ADY-MADE CLOTHING, AND GENTS FI EXISHING GOODS, AC.
A fine selection of Fall and Winter foods will be made to order at reasonable prices, and
satisfaction guaranteed.
Overcoats a specialty. A cordial invitation is extended to the people of the Vicinity, to
call and examine our stock, visitors as well as buyers will be welcome.
JOHN OMMERT. 141 Federal Stree*, Allegheny "ity. Pa
septls-3m 2nd DOOR FROM SOUTH DIMON'D STREET.
Dry Goods, Noiions, Trimming?, Groceries, etc,
LARGE STOCK OF FALL AND WINTER GOODS T
A. TROUTMAN'S
Corner Main and Miffliu Street, - - - - BUTLER, PA.
Dress Goods of all kinds, large assortment colored aud black Cashmeres, large
assortment Black Silks, Alomie cloths, fancy Brocades, I'laids, Cotton Dress
Goods, Calicoes, Chintzes, etc.
iriiummes. nmining-s. Trimmings.
Brocade Silks, all colors.
Plain Silks, all colors.
I'liun Satins.
Brocade Satins.
Striped Satins.
Biocade Veiveteens. al! colors.
Plain Velveteen . ail colors.
Mack Silk Velvet.
F>ii;g 3, Black arid Cclareu
Passamentries, ornaments.
Cord anil Tassels, a tine assortment.
Buttn <s> Biu.'ons. Butrcs
A full line o£ Dress and Cloak Buttons—A large
assortment.
A full line of Hihhon . Ibices, Embroidery, Lace
Ties, liiiciiint; and Ladle.--' Neckwear.
Cloaks and Dclmans ! Cloaks and Dolmans !
©FI A.WLS ! SKIRTS !
Flannels, barred find twilled, plain colors and best makes;
Canton Flannel; Ladies' Cloth, all colors; Ladies' Sacking;
Black Heavers; Cashmeres; Jeans; Tweeds; Ticking; Shirt
ing; V*u-.lins; I ab'f Linens; Toweling. Blankets, etc
I also keep a lull line «>f Groceries, Queensware. etc All the
jihnve gods at lowest prices,
n-i* \ j,r I 'ce and grain taken in ex. liange for goods
A, Trout mail.
tii'i- .• Ii ' • • <« v ri«.
rile reve' ..I Conrtx of U. county of Butler
romireliC" on Hi- ti M .n<Uy < f March, June,
S.-ptenilier tti anst continue two
we> k«. or • •» a» u c<-y~nry toil: r>.t-e of the
bnaiu ** So car<-«*s are put down for tria 1 or
rraverf-e >nro. - runiiuoricd for the lirxt week of
r|i«« 8 -ve-»l term*.
AT'TT)HNEYe U LA v» .
BUTL3R. PAT"
J. FT BRITTAIN,
Office with L Z Mitchell I namnnd.
a. M7CUNNINGHAM,
Office iii t'.rrfdv'- L*w Building. Rittler, Pa.
S. H. PIERSOL.
Oftict- ou N. E. coiner Liiau ond. Riddle build
ing uovl l 2
JOHN M. GREER. ~
Office on N. E. corner Di i ond. nov 1"J
WM 11 TUSK,
Offict- with W R. II Riddle. F.sq.
NEWTON BLU R K
Office on Diamond, near Court MOUHC, couth
Hide.
E. I. BR UGH 7
Office m Kiddie's Law Building.
S F. BOWSEB
otttob ll Riddle's !.*«' Biulduig 1 111 'rH'7'
I B ~H > KIN.
v.f<Til nMeiitiun tflv- i lit .Millet iinn- O
ii,.,' Wilt .Ml Hon-
,. T ' JiKEDIN,
!„,rtl,-i :i- ■in- r •' Omm.ttid. Hut lei
H. 11. GOUCHER,
iffii't m Sctineidernan'w Imilriinie. upt-ialie.
J. T DONTY
Office near Court House. * 74
V J) BR \Nf)ON
«bl7-75 Office in Ber|. r 't> huildirit
CLARENCE WALKER,
Office in Bredni bnilding- mir! 7—t
FEUD RFIBER,
Office in Bern's new Imildiiur, Main street/ipWlj
F VT EAST ANT
Office in Breflin l>uildiii«?.
LEV. \I.QU7SI TON,
Office Main street, I door south ot Court llout-1
JOS. O. VANDERLIN,
Office Main ntreet. 1 door south of Court Hoane
Wm A. FORQUER,
C?" Office on Main street, opposite Vogeley
House.
GEO li WHITE,
Office N. E. c.nier of Diamond
FRANCIS S PURVIANCE, ~
Office with Gen. J. N. Purviance, Main street,
south of Court House.
J~D Mc.JITNKIN,
Office in Schneidcinan's huildinir, west side ol
Main street, 2nd square from Court Houi-e.
\. G W ILI.IAMS,
Office on Diamond, two doors west of CITIZEN
office, ap2ti
T C CA ' PBELL.
Office in Berg's new building, 2d door, eas>
side Main st.. a few doors south of Lowrj
House. mar:!—t!
n A. & vi. SULLIVAN,
may 7 Office S. W. cor of Diamond.
BLACK"& 8110.,
Office on Main street one door south o
Kn.dv Block, Buller. Pa. tsep. 2, 1874,
joHN~~M MILLER & BRO.
Office in Brady's Law Buil'ling. Main street,
south of Court Hoo-ic. KCOEMF O. MIIJ-KU,
Notary Public. jun4 ly
THOMAS ROBINSON,
BUTLER, PA.
Advertise in the CITIZEN.
<Jorse s, f 'orsets. Oorsets.
A large stock to select from.
G!ov« . Gloves. G ov-'S.
Kid Gloves, Silk Gloves.
Lisle Thread Gloves.
Cashmere Gloves, and Berlin Gloves.
Yarns. Y.irns Y rns
Gerni'intown Yarns. Saxony Yarns, Cashmere
Yams, German Woisteds, Factory Yarns, Bcri'n
Zeplier.
Underwear, Und rwear, Underwear.
For Children, Ladies' and Gentlemen.
Hosiery, Hosiery, Hosiftrv.
Large assortment for Children Ladies' and Gen
tleraen. t
JOHN II NEGLEY.
**-Give- particular attention, to Transaction,
in -eal estafr throughout the county.
'>FVTOEI>N DIAMOVr. N V, AP ConjlT HoTtkk •
''FTIZF* «nii,WNo
E RT. ECKLEY, KENNEDY MAHSHAI.I,
(Line of Ohio.)
KrKLKY & MARSHALL
• itlice in Brady's L-uv Huildintr. Sept.9,7-
C G riIRISTIE,
Attorney at Law. Lcgrnl business earefulh
irunsaclcd Collections made and promptly
remitted. Bt;siucs<- e-.rruspondencc prompts
attended to and answered.
Office opposite Lowrv House, Butler, Pa.
lOSCBM. INEOU3
McSWEENY & McSWEENY,
Smethpoit at.'.i Br. dford, Pa.
M. N MILES, ~
Petrolia, jiutler county, Pa. |ju: I
M . c iii ;NET > fcf,
tl IVtmlia. Butlwr eo.. Pi j
I] y >T KLS
GRAND Bill LEVARI) HOTEL
Corner 59 th SI. Ib Broadway, i
NL V 7 iORK
Ou Both Ameri; ,:n mid European Plans.
Fronting on Cenlrii l.nk, ftieOrnnd Boulevard,
Broadway and Kilty-Xn Hi St.. this Motel occu
pies tlie entire wpi re. aud was lmilt and fur
nished at an expens ■ .1 over Skju,uw>. It is one of
the most elegant ,\eti as bcinsjthe finest lo
caied in the city; i. .... passenger Elevator and
all modem impi-ovem:-! ts, and is within one
square of the depo s i i the Sixth and Eighth
Avenue hievated J:. i!. e;trs aud.still nearer to the
Broadway cars—cilent and accessible f roin
all parts of the c:i>. Jtnoxns with board, $2 per
day. special rates jo; families and permanent ;
guests. E. I lASKKLL, Proprietor.
ST. CHARLES HOTEL,
On tlie K iropean 2r*lan-;
54 to 66 North Third Street,
Philadelphia, Pa.
Single Rooiiis 50c., 75c. and $1 per !
day.
O. J-*. Sell neck, Proprietor.
Excellent Dining 1 room furnished
with the best, and at reasonable rates.
]JspP*Cars for all Railroad Depots
within a convenient distance.
National Hotel,
COP.TLANDT STMTET, NEAB Ba DWAY,
NKW VOl tit,
IIOTCHKISS & POND, - - Prop'rs.
ON THT. Kt" ROPE AN PLAN.
| The restaurant. ;'uf" and lunch room attached
j are unsurpaHHed fcr cheapness and excellence of
; service Uoonia 50 ets. to $2 per day, to •f 10
I per week. Cunvri i.Tit to all ferries and city
I railroads. N> w I'cuMTCiiE. NEW MANAOE
| MENT. janls-ly
| BBHREIBER HOUSE.
L NICKLAS, Prop'.,
MAIN STREET, BUTLER, PA.
| Having taken p< set-sion of the above well
known Hotel, and it being furnished in the
1 best of style for the arc >modation of guests, the
public are respect f ully invited to give me a call.
I havo a!.-to posnemion of the barn m rear of
hotel, which furnishae excellent stabling, ac
comodations for my patrons.
L. NICKLA9.
±7s A WEEK, i 12 a day at home easily made
, V Cost I v Outfit free. Addteaw True & Co.
1 Augusta, Maine. t dec'3-ly
HI'II.ER. PA.. WEDNESDAY. NOVEMBER 10, '*Bo
j BRIGANDS AND KOXAXZAS.
Tale of a Prospecting Tour in North
ern Mexico.
On August 10 we started from Tuc
son, Arizona, for Hermosillo, the cap
ital of Lonora. Our lot was cast with
miners in prospecting garb and Mexi
cans returning from California and
Arizona. With the mercury at 104°
in the shade we bowled away toward
the border. The stage ride was like
all stage rides, tedious and dusty,
though it was enlivened by several
novel experiences. The first of these
was camping out at night when no
wayside inn could be reached. We
passed through Tubac, a very ancient
Spanish town, and through Calibasas,
which is a new town on a sterile plain,
and rests all its hopes of future pros
perity or success in boring for water.
Should this fail the place will be as
valuable for residences as a quarter sec
tion of the Sahara. At rarly dawn on
the 12th we drove into Los Bigtiitas,
where we were regaled by a French
gentleman with bloodcurding accounts
of the deeds of Reyes, the revolution
ist. The narrator had lost a mule, a
a fine new saddle and SSO in coin.
He declared that we would be stripped
to the skin, and tried to dissuade us
from venjuring further on the road.
We had taken on a number of Spanish
passengers at various towns on the
way, and one of these, the Sub-Prefact
of Magdalena, alarmed by the stories
about the brigand, left the stage and
struck across the mountains on mule
back.
As we ncared Magdalena the con
trast between Sonora and Arizona be
came more striking. We had been
travelling over a parched desert, the
very picture of desolation; now we
were rattling along- through fertil fields
of grain and by the side of vast roll
ing plains of vendure. The totvn con
tains about 3,'-00 inhabitanfc and is
situated upon an open road. As we
entered it the church bells began to
toll the signal that the stage was com
ing. The little plaza was full of peo
ple, all with very mournful counten
ances and all talking about the great
event—the bloodless capture of the
town by Brigido Reyes.
METHODS OF A MEXICAN BRIG AN O.
It seems that the brigand dashed up
to the town with a small following of
well-armed ragamuffins and took it
without the firing of a single shot.
The authorities had fled. His first act
was to levy a forced loan of SIO,OOO,
which was to be paid within twenty
four hours by the merchants. Mean
while each languished in jail until he
had made up his portion of the sum.
The I'adre was assessed §I,OOO, but,
more foftunate than the other victims,
he enlisted the aid of all the women,
and soon gathered the amount. Don
Joseph I'ierson, the principal merchant
claimed to be an American citizen, but
Reyes was unable to take the same
view of his nationality, and mulcted
him in §1,500. The I)on lingered in
limbo at the time of our arrival. It
was high noon when we drove up in
front ol the hotel. A crowd of ill-look
ing men scanned uselessly, but Gen-
La Grange, who had giveu Chiriqui,
the Mexican driver, a fee ot $25, or
dered him to be ready for departure
promptly at 2 o'clock. We then went
into the hotel, but scarcely had we
seated ourselves when Chiriqui rushed
in , and said in Spanish, "The Com
mandment has ordered me not to leave
town until he shall give me orders."
The Commandment, it was found, was
Don Brigido Reyes, who was in the
neighboring barracks. The General
and I went over there at once. At
the entrance two ragged, barefooted
guardsmen presented arms, muttered
something in Spanish, but allowed us
to pass. An officer ushereu us into
the presence of a small, swarthy man,
with full dark beard tinged with gray,
who was very suave and polite. He
gave us his hand, and we found it was
none other than the ferocious revolu
tionist.
A I'OTENT TITLE.
When we were seated General La-
Grange said to me, "Say to Colonel
Reyes (he is a colonel in the Regular
Army of Mexico) that we are Ameri
cans on our way to Hermosillo, and
that our visit has no political significance
whatever ; that time is valuable to us,
and that we wish to know why he has
given orders to detain the stage."
To translate this into Spanish I be
gan by saying, "Dice el General" (the
General says,) but scarcely had 1 ut
tered the words when Reyes jumped
to his feet and interrupted me with,
"Did you say General?" "Yes, sir,
an American General. Reyes at once
opened wide his arms and advancing
said, "General, you are my brother of
ficer; embrace me." Seeing that we
had carried the day, I whispered to
mv compannion, "Do it, General, if
you have to embrace the Revolution."
After the Spanish-American embrace,
given with great enipressuient by
Reyes, wine aud cigars were brought
out and a pleasant chat followed.
Reyes on our departure said : "Gen
eral, you and your party may go when
and where you like. I will give you
a pass so that you may safely travel
all over the State, and I will also give
you a letter to my chief and friend
Pesquiera. When you are ready to
start allow me to escort you on horse
back a short distance out of town."
During our conversation I asked
Reyes what was the cause of the
movement begun by him against the
Government. He said. "Diaz and
Gonzales have conspired to secure the
election of the latter to the Presidency.
Fraud was .committed at the polls, as
those opposed Gonzales were not al
lowed to vote. I have requested Se
nor Vail arte to assume the Presidency
until I can make this movement gen
eral and tLus secure a new election.
Mv purpose is honorable and
legitimate." I had my doubts of this
as I saw in the corner a heap of about
5,000 Mexican dollars, which had been
wrested from the people of Magdalena
and yet before we left the town we
heard that a compromise had been
made made with the captives by a pay
ment of $5,500 in each. This talk of
legitimate revolution is all bombast.
j The people are growing tired of revo-
I lutions, and it is not too much to say
that Sonora will not see another. The
. better class of Mexican know that
these periodical revolutions are death
• to progress; that capital will not come
|to a place which cannot assure it
against loss. With the tide of Ameri
can prospectors now setting into Son
ora and Chihuahua the days of brigand
age are numbered. A half dozen well
armed American miners would put to
flight un army of Mexican brigands.
When we set out from Magdalena
the gallaut Colonel came spinning
alongside the coach, mouuted on a
magnificant charger, with a superb
Mexicansaddle ornamented with silver,
and with silver spurs, silver monnted
bridle, etc. He was accompained by
an aid, both armed to the teeth.
About a mile out of town the Colonel
called a halt, and requested General
La Grange to dismount, as he wished
to give him a parting embrace. This
cere money was performed after a
draught of brandy from the General's
pocket flash. Cigars were lighted, and
the hero who carried on war for silver
coin disappeared in a cloud of dust.
IN THE SONORA VALLEY.
Our journey was now through a
very fertile country—the Valley of Son
ora. Toward midnight of the 13th,
the third day since leaving Tucson, we
drove up in front of the hotel in the
centre of the city of Hermosillo. All
along the streets people were sleeping
in cots outside their doors. The
mounted police came dashing up to
make inquires about the revolutionists.
We found beds in the interior court
yard of the hotel, as it was too warm
to sleep in-doors.
Hermosillo—called the city of lovely
women—is a beautiful town, built in
the Spanish style, on the banks of the
Sonora River, and surrounded by the
greenest of fields. Unlike most Mexi
can cities the streets are well paved,
there is little dust, and the large
grounds which surround the low, ir
regular adobe houses, are filled with
groves of orauge citron and lime trees
Toward the south, aud overlooking the
city, towers a huge mountain, rising
majestically from the level plains.
The city contains 12,000 people, and
boasts of one of the finest public parks
in Mexico.
Wa were driven about the town by
Don Jose Ortib, oue ol the leading
citizens, and visited in succession the
large steam flour mill, the finest in the
counfv, and the Casino, where we
met Clarence King, chief of the geolo
gical survey, in company with a mill
ing expert. Both of them had just
been examining some mines in the vi
cinity recently purchased by Eastern
capitalists.
Hermosillo is the base of supplies
for the States of Sinaloa, Jalisco aud
the territory of Lower California. The
principal industries of Sonora are
wheat and cotton growingand mining.
The wheat is converted into flour,
which is celebrated throughout North
ern Mexico. The Sonorians who live
in the settled districts pride themselves
upon their women and their flour, and
there is a proverb which says "Flour
and wife must be from So iota." The
sugar cane is also largely cultivated.
One little village, thirty-two miles
north of Hermosillo, the home of Ortiz,
has 300 women and men engaged iu
its flour and sugar mills. The firm
owns the village and almost owns the
people, as they are too poor to get
away. Fruit also is very abundant
here. The oranges surpass those of
Los Angels, and lime, quinces, pom
egranates, grapes and citrons are pro
duced in great abundance and of excel
lent quality.
POVERTY OF THE PEOPLE.
In spite of the cheapness of all veg
etables and fruit, the common people
are very poor. Large uuinbers live in
shabby little adobe huts, for which
they are charged only $1 per month,
and yet they find this sum very hard
to pay. It costs about 3 cents a day
for them to live. Pinole, corn meal or
flour mixed with milk or water and a
little sugar added; and panocha, or
sugar cane, together with frijoles, or
dried beans and tortillas corn cakes,
from the main articles of diet of the
poorer classes. Only the well-to-do
indulge in the luxuries of tea and cof
fee. Many of these people are very
scantily clad and nearly all go bare
footed. The children dispense with j
cloth clothes and ruu about stark na
ked. The city is infested with beg
gars who lie in wait for strangers at
the hotels. They are not pertinacious
and they will shower blessings on you
for a gift of a cent.
A RURAL PARADISE.
We spent four days in Hermosillo
and early on the next morning set out
for "Las Delicias," the residence of
General Ignacio Pesquiera. We trav
elled in a northeast course for the City,
of Ures, fifty-four miles distaut. The
drive was through one of the finest
countries that can be found on this
coast; not even the famous road of
Santa Clara county, known as the
Alamida, surpasses it. For miles we
passed by green fields, with brilliant
spots of wild flowers here and there,
and groves of semi-tropical fruit trees.
We passed through many small towns,
and on the afternoon of the 17th en
tered the road, lined with tire trees,
which leads to the oil City of Ures,
the capital of the State during the
twenty years that General Pesquiera
was its Governor. It is a reduced
copy of Hermosillo, having the same
fine site, aud the same abundance of
fine shade trees and picturesque drives.
When it was the capital it boasted of
10,000; now it has not over one-half
that number. It hopes, however, to
regain its lost prestige by means of the
Atchison, Topeka and Santa Fe rail
road, which it is claimed, will pass
through the city.
"Las Delicias" was still sixty miles
away, but we quickly passed over the
intervening ground, which was equal
ly fertile with the country through
I which we had passed. On the second
! day, about noon, we reached the ha
cienda, which comprises 30,000 acres,
one-fourth of which is cultivated, the
remaiuder pasture land. General La
j Grange visited many mines in the
1 vicinity owned by Pesquiera, and two
days after we started out for Arispa,
' arriving there late in the afternoon.
This is one of the most curious old
cities in Sonori. Once it was the
capital of the State and had many
handsome buildings. The. spoei.*.' oo
ject of interest now is an ancient church,
once famous for the magnificence of its
alter. Even now, after being des
poiled many times, enough remains to
give oue a good idea of its former
splendor. The festoons about the al
ter are of solid silver, as likewise was
the cross. Beautiful paintings of the
sufferings of Christ, in rich frati e
adorn the walls. The town is imv .i
dreary picture of desolatio.)—.-horn of
all its former life and importance.
A rough ride of another day brought
us to Bacanuchi, another stock-raising
hacienda. Here to use an
American phrase, we were in "the
back woods," where the most primi
tive customs prevail. At one place
near by a large farm was cultivated by
an intelligent looking man and his six
sons. The house was destitute of ta
ble or chairs, so the wife served lun
cheon up m a large palm leaf on the
floor, and we are squattim; in Mexican
fashion. Next morning we started for
La Cauana, sixty miles distant Here
we met General Pesqueira and his son
and W. 11. Chadsey, the mining ex
pert. General Ignacio Pesqueira is to
day the most popular man in Sonora.
To say this in a country where a man's
popularity and reputation last while he
is in power or successful in politics,
is, indeed, saying a great
deal. General Pesqueira has
ever been the idol of his people.
While in office or out of it be has held
the confidence of his countrymen. A
man of character, strong will and mag
natism, his influence in Mexico is pow
erful. He possesses marked natural
abilities and great foresight. We spent
three days with him, inspecting mines
and ranches, and found him thorough
ly conversant with these two great
industries upon which the future of
Mexico so largely depends. From La
Canana it is one and a half days' travel
to Tombstone, where we visited prom
inent mines; but of these you hear
every day.
During our trip we frequently slept
on the ground, but failed to discover
the tarantulas, centipedes or rattte
snakes, of which so many stories are
told. We were annoyed by none of
these reptiles, nor could we learn that
they were common in Sonora.
THE NEW BUG BY.
The writer met a portion of the ad
vance guard of migratory Britons a few
days since upon a train leaving Cincin
nati bound for the Plateau. It con
sisted of a handsome, well-built man,
of about forty-five, formerly a school
teacher, his fre.-h, rosy-cheeked wife,
seven boys, veritable Tom Browns
every one, and the grandmother, eigh
ty-seven years old, who gave fine evi
dence of English endurance by under
taking at this advanced age a journey
of four thousand miles by land and sea.
What a fine group they made, indeed,
at the station, standing by their bun
dles of wraps and inevitable collection
of umbrellas and walking-sticks! How
they contrasted with the gaunt, sallow
long-jointed mountaineer who stalked
before them !
From the father of so many sons
much information was obtained, which
may as well be given in his own lan
guage : "You see, we are literally
crowded out. England has a popula
tion more than double that with which
she can comfortably get along. If a
man loses a situation it is quite impos
sible for him to find another. There's
my eldest son ; he was a capable bank
accountant, aud was glad to get £BO
per There are now, no doubt,
hundreds of applicants for his place,
and that, too, from men of fine educa
tion and broad experience. The next
younger boy is nineteen. He got sev
en shillings per week. I could give
you plenty of instances where young
men of good education and influence
are working for half a pouud weekly.
Men of fifty are almost completely
barred out of pursuits on any terms."
"What," the writer asked, "is your
opinion of the probability that the great
pleasure-grounds of the nobility will
revert to agricultural uses ?"
"That relic of feudalism, entailed
property, will have to give way before
many years, and open these grounds.
There is one thing which may hasten
that consummation. The parks of the
nobility are heavily mortgaged in many
cases to money-lenders. It is the great
exception lor the British farmer to own
the land he tills. The rents are some
thing oppressive. I had a farm of 240
acres. The rental was £32o—more
than equal to the price of good farming
land in America. I raised corn and
wheat and sold dairy produce. After
all accounts were settled at the end of
the last year I had £BO with which to
meet the balance of rental due, which
amounted to £1(>0. My case was but
the repetition of many. Read this let
ter which I received this morning from
and old neighbor."
" , COUNTY DURHAM,)
24th August, 1880. i
"MY DEAR Slß—Yours of the 21st
has just reached me, and as it is a
showery morning, I hasten to reply.
Our corn is ready to cut, only it is so
damp this morning we can not com
mence, but I hope we shall be very
busy before evening I'm much pleas
ed to hear from you again on this side
the fish-pond, and do hope the post-of
fice will not be so far away but that
you will find time to let me know how
far things are meeting your expecta
tions. I have carefully read the book
and studied the district, and decidedly
think you are on the right track. These
virgin soils have been proved to grow
continuous coru crops for some years
without manure, until you have time
to lay up a stock of manure from your
own cattle, whereas our farms must be
covered with manure of some sort, or
else we get a very poor return in the
coming crop.
"Then, again, though the situation
is isolated and rather rough after leav
ing the old home and paved streets,
etc., yet what's that? Compare the
future, and which result is likely to be
most preferable? See the old home
and comforts gradually slipping away
into the pockets of (in my ease) vile,
ignorant landlords, and if you do not
meet them on the day appointed with
the rent, receive the comforting words,
'lf it is not paid we shall take steps to
recover it ' Then take the isolation
and hardships of the first few years,
and you will see comforts growing,
end you can sit and smoke the pipe of
peace, and chuckle at the old landlord,
and .say, with Punch, 'Thank you, my
lord ; I like liviDg on my own capital
much better than letting you live on
:* J
•'We have had many talks about for
eign lands, but I should mighty well
like one more, and were the cash a lit
tle more plentiful, would spend a few
hours with you yet, but it cannot be
now; but I will sav, and with a belief
that it will be, may I grip your hand
over there some day, and be asked to
step into your own home, and step out
and look at the crops without the us
ual calculations as to whether it is go
ing to pay the rent ! Ido not say this
at ail in jest, because I feel it will be,
i f health be gnmted to us both.
* "Sincerely,
The recipient of this letter expressed
his belief that the coming year would
witness a grand exodus of the middle
classes of England, especially farmers,
toward the United States, aud, open
ing a pamphlet, called attention to the
following paragraph excerpted from a
late speech by Lord Derby :
"Emigration is for a people like ours
a natural and even necessary outlet.
There are children living who will
probably see the United States num
bering 200,000,000 inhabitants, and 1
do not think there is any subject to
which the leaders of working-men can
more usefuily turn their attention than
the supplying to those who want it
here accurate and trustworthy intelli
gence as to their chances beyond the
Atlantic."
Colonization, under the conditions
outlined, has its comic side, the memo
ry of which will amuse the participants
when the novitiate is past, quite as
much as it does the looker-on.
Since the foregoing was indited, the
writer has visited an outpost of Kug
by, set in the woods some six miles
away, where a young Londoner of aris
tocratic blood, assisted by two friends
whose stay is but temporary, has taken
possession of an abandoned hut and
clearing, establishing what Mr. Hughes
happily refers to as the "Ilanch of the
Danites."
One of the incipient agriculturists
was discovered in the work of making
bread in the wash-bowl from an entire
ly original recipe, in which flour, bak
ing-powder. and saleratus entered as
equal components. Scattered about the
floor, or dependent from the ancient
rafters, was a strange medley of things
luxurious and things indispensable,
among the former being an aristocratic
poodle, concerning which one of the
"Danites" remarked, "We all think
this is most jolly, but the dog, you
know, and she think it's rery low."
The other occupants of the cabin,
clad in the gorgeous remains of polo
and lawn-tennis uniforms, had gone
forth to seek the vitals of the monarchs
of the forest. Perhaps the proudest
moment in the lives of these young fel
lows was realized at the (all of their
first big tree.
We found them surrounded by their
victims upon the brow of a hill giving
a far-away outlook toward the moun
tains, making a clearing for a house
just where a single old pine lifts its
gnarled branches far above its surround
ings, and we venture to hope that in
coming years the rearing of "Lone
Pine Cottage" may be remembered
with no attendant regret of subsequent
failure
This colonization experiment will be
watched with more than ordinary in
terest, and for more than one reason.
Firstly, because it will induce, if suc
cessful, a most desirable class of set
tlers. Secondly, because it will intro
duce a new element of vitality into the
South, opening up new lands, and do
ing more toward regeneration of the
region than all the legislation of the
past fifteen years; and lastly, that it is
a practical admission, by men whose
judgment every Briton respects, of the
superiority of the United States as a
place of residence over Australia, the
Cape of Good Hope, or Canada.
The citizeus of Tennessee have been
quick in appreciating the compliment
paid their State in the selection of a
a site for the now colony. Upon the
arrival of Mr. Hughes at Rugby, after
his recent trip to Philadelphia, he
found a telegram awaiting him, tender
ing the hospitality of the cities of Chat
tanooga and Knoxville. Upon his ac
ceptance of the invitations a special
train was dispatched to llobbins Sta
tion—the point upon the Cincinnati
Southern Railway nearest the colony
bringing a committee of prominent
residents of the former city, and the
guest, accompanied by several of his
countrymen and the writer, was speed
ily conveyed southward. The day fol
lowing was devoted to a visit to Look
out Mountain, where prominent partic
ipants upon both the Union and Con
federate side explained the battle which
have made this mountain famous.—
Harper's Weekly.
PITCHBLENDE IN COLO.
Some three years ago an intelligent
mineralogist discovered specimens of
pitchblende on the waste dumps of
Denver City, Colorado, and, recog
nize the value of the mineral, gathered
a quantity and sent it to Swansea,
where it" brought five shillings a
pound, or at the rate of $2,500 a ton.
To what extent the mineral occurs in
that region does not appear, but the
inciilent affords another illustration of
of the facility with which unscientific
miners may throw away minerals of
more value thau those they are look
ing for.
Pitchblende, or uraninito, is an ox
ide of uranium, obtained iu Saxnnyand
Bohemia, and used in fine glass mak
ing. Glass colored with uranium has
the peculiar property of showing green
when looked at, although perfectly
and purely yellow when looked
through.
Al>YKltriSl>«; ItATI>,
Otio square, oue insertion, {1 : each suh»o
qncnt insertion, 50 cents. Yearly advertisement*
exeeoding one-fourth of a column. 95 per inch.
Kig'ire wor* donblo these ratee; additional
charges where weekly or monthly changes are
made. Local advertisements 10 cents per U.id
for iirrt inrertion, and 5 cents per line for each
additional insertion. Marriages and deaths pub
lish <1 fr» r of charge. Obituary notices charged
as a-iiviti. e:n-nts. and payable when handed iD
Auditors' Notices, it: Executors' ai d Adminis
trators' Notices. ?3 each; E?tray, Cauticn ano
It-solution Notices, not exceeding ten lines,
each.
From the fact that the CITIZEN is the obits'
established and most extensively circulated lie
publican newspaper ia liutler county. (a liepub
licaii county i it must be appaient to business
men that it is the medium they should use in
advertising their business.
NO. 50
: H7 L L ED UCA 770 N )IE L D
SUBSISTENCE?
An education, ves ; but what sort of
|an education ? A bricklayer's educa
tion, an artisan's, a farmer's, would in
deen help him to earn a living. A col
lege education would give him a social
advantage, but it would not, in itself,
increase bis change of earning a living:
it would rather diminish it. For, as
was pointed out in an interesting pa
per lately published in this Magazine,
our colleges do not, like the French
and German universities, instruct a
young man in the bread-winning pur
suits ; the American colleges are, on
the contrary, institutions for general
culture. I do not take up the ques
tion here of the amouut and value of
the culture they supply. The point
for us to note is that the educated
young American who has not a special
education as a bread-winner is worse
off, as to his money prospects, than
the you lg American who has no col
lege education at all. Dig he can rot,
and to beg he is ashamed. Two of
the professions at least are fatally over
crowded. The United Suites, with a
population not greatly larger than that
of the German Empire, graduates every
year five times as many physicians;
for the German Empire limits the num
ber of its doctors, r.nd we do not limit
that of ours. Very many of our phy
sicians not only wait yen's tor practice,
but never get into practice at a'l. It
is much the same with the profession
of law. In both professions there are
prizes for a few, and failures, more or
less complete, for the many. The en
gineering, mining, and other scientific
professions offer somewhat better
chance, and public life, almost neglect
ed as a profession, will attract a bet
ter class of young men year to year.
But upon none of these, save in favor
ed and exceptional cases, as where a
son succeeds to his father's practice,
can a young man depend for fortune,
or for immediate support. They, too,
offer a certain social dignity. But as
a rule it is the laborer, artisan, or
tradesman that has the better chauce
of supporting himself: it is the edu
cated man that has, more frequently,
to wait before he can pay his way. If,
therefore, we educate our sons, it is all
the better reason why we should pro
vide, not iudeed for their independ
ence, but some aid during the years
which they are likely to spend in
waiting before they can achieve their
position.
It is to be remembered, too, that
these years of waiting may become,
with such aid, years of scholarly or
scientific accomplishment, if not of
money-making; years that might in
troduce and brighten a career, instead
of wasted years that cloud or spoil it.—
T. M. COAN, in Harper' A Magazine for
November.
THE CULTIVATION OF J THE
SUMAC.
There are thousands of people who
wander through the woods in autumn
picking the beautiful scarlet and yel
low leaves of the sumac bush to deco
rate their rooms, without kuowing that
there is any other use for the plant.
Yet the importation of the sumac into
this country this year will amount to
about 11,000 tons, costing about sl,-
100 000 The leaves of the sumac,
dried and ground, are largely used in
tanning and dyeing, and in Sicily and
other parts of Italy the plant is care
fully cultivated and treated. In view
of the fact that the American sumac
contains front 6 to 8 per cent more
tannic acid than the Italian, aud re
membering that the plant grows wild
in profusion throughout this country,
it seems reasonable to believe that it
might be made a very profitable crop.
At the present time the amount of na
tive sumac brought into market does
not exceed about 8,000 tons yearly,
and its market price is only S2O per
ton. just half the price of the Italian
product. This large difference in the
market value of the foreign and the
domestic article is due to the fact
that the American sumac, as at pres
ent prepared, is not suitable for mak
ing the finer white leathers so much
used for gloves and fancy shoes, owing
to its giving a disagreeable yellow or
dirty color. The many attempts that
have been made to avoid this difficul
ty by care in collecting and grinding
the leaves have not resulted in suc
cess, and it has long been supposed
that this objectionable quality was in
herent in the Americau plant; but
Mr Wm. McMurtrie, in a report to
the United States Commissioner of
Agriculture, shows that this difficulty
can be surmounted and the American
product made even superior to the for
eign.
Mr. McMurtrie made a number of
tests to learn the relative amounts of
tannic acid found in the leaves at dif
ferent periods of their development,
and while the amount was found to
be greatest in the leaves gathered in
July, he found that those gathered in
full development in June were even
then more than equal to the best for
eign leaves in this respect. But furth
er, he found that the deleterious color
ing matter (due to the presence of
quercetin) was not yet developed, and
that therefore the American leaves
gathered in June were superior to the
Italian for alt purposes. The impor
tance of this discovery may be seen by
the fact that the cultivation of the
plant may be carried on most profita
bly in this country as soon as manu
facturers and dealers recognize the im
provement thus obtained in the do
mestic article, aud by classifying it ac
cording to its percentage of tannic acid
aud its relative freedom from coloring
matter, advance the price of that which
is early picked and carefully treated.
In Italy the sumac is planted in
shoots in the spring in rows, and is
cultivated in the same way aud to
about the same extent as corn. It gives
a crop the second year after setting
out. and regularly thereafter. The
sumac gathered in this country is tak
en mostly from wild plants growing
on waste lands, bit there is no reason
why it should not be utilized and cul
tivated on land not valuable far
crops.
Hurrah! hurrah! hurrah for Garfield