SrSSIBIi'TIO* H.4TES:
Tor year, in advawi
Otßer-vise 00
V -■!> -n <•-,!! be discontinued until *ll
-I -i- i" * '• 1' »-ioi«fcters to
' * i crilK - <lo not takeout tlieii
. ii ~. ;,:ii s.>r ti»«J eubucription.
•!, , vi,:« from otic* poMoftte* to
lie St e name of the former
i- ■ tont* in for ptttiicitioii
; ..-•pamed l>y tbe real
* publication, but *e
i ... , -.1 of ,l> 1 '«•
..Ml Jtioea must be aocompa
i ; . .cp. ,-;bl< iiai ie
~ ,|i II CI I'lZh.M.
BGTLEB. PA-
•_i 3 Li IDii.
1 IVI I'M.KKK P.»jlkmad
I. i . \!ii<«-r>tovni.
• . . . it- i 7 a in ,
. . i Ir.iiu ihr above named
• 15. Hid 7-15 »' nl
, r ijtt 'ii the West
: .. - ■matu
. itAIl-KOAD
r.! Mi l. Butler county,
I 75" a. ID.
, . r.- et i:45 A.
, '_ V X ', ' Petrol.ii M'rtltishorif.
j.. (i ~ <t . ||" iltlli t! . fOtl!!'*i i ;>t liil
l.nd a I I ri.' ■- "" 'he "* it A roaQ
l'g\>ltl,VVMA KiII.ROAD.
i, ,~. •.,»» Ho'li r j Bdtb or PitU-hr.n:li Tiioe.)
,j ~ gf .. 50* i u», *or» AfMUh t» Al!e
«1, *t Freeort »i'b Fro-port Accommoda
tion wbH'b a.-rivi* at Allegheny at 8.20 a. in.,
■siilrnnd tim<-.
Prareu »' 7-21 .. m , connecting at Butler
r. without of ear*. at 8.2« with
X! . . . we-i. -rrfviu»i in .Allet'ienv at ».:>S
rri nil E* r>w en*l .irrivintr at Blair»ville
■I !. i» a in. r.»: rn-f! time.
Mail 't " V • eoiii ectin jat Butler lone
iiinwiiiioui ot runs, with Ei|«* wrt,
irrlviii.' <». Mle«h tiy ai 52b p in., mid Ex-
earn .irrivintr <1 Bt lir-ville lnter*eciio D
'• «.-t* \• w r#t»r«♦ »«*. whic hr< nofcU w«th
j v r •* x r- if, u «»!» tine,
iI. 7 '') » iii t'd'HC'lr *1 H 1<"I JI (* v i lie
. i -> i ,1. -II 'tie M-'.l ea*t, 'I tlie 2.:?,
riin i -V.I lit. 'b.- Kbibiflelphia Ex-
't Kotbr Weft Henn BIV at
■M a. it. .S « "<1 7.20 n . Butler time The
C .l and S (Hi »inn .unueft »'ih rain» on
h, ftutler A Krl:er K. K. -un av train arrive#
i Utiilc Ht 11 !l » 10 •..iißMtiiijr with train
r pjirh-r
Main Line.
, ,i- .iiiu-tni' ti (i>> the R.ifi.
. r„ l il p.
. jv ■ ' , : • »t "! W itm 7:0
. ; 7 til ; I Baltimore
v y, k iiit'ait.
, ... I . . !.|| .. ball
P YS i \NS.
JOHN E BYERS,
PH'VST- i\ N m.SUPJ^ON,
mVil-lvi ! ,TI f" A
•K\"l- -
rT I- - Y."
I4i , n ,M<. <>t i- Phil
, ;.i r, }*rep red
V I! til' line «>t •'!»
f. I- ' " ' '' *' r
,i, ~ 1 r-• Bui 1 *". D i"» Bhiel,-,
Hi,- JP"
1 \ . ; SA Lt*.
FOU HALE.
\ i :• ix-r>><>■!• I'i'iih* liotw, located
. t. iKiriliwcii rti i art <»f Butler
, - 17c, All *i *iy otn'uildinsr*.
y- - -.lt *|iir in»ii *:iifl !»:■! 1: ff in fonr
~ ' . ■ .. . m!*- li quire *i thi«olNee.
• 4tt
T'or
it" vaeJi-mi "V«d faro of Be-?. W B Hntch
, ~ „ i , in mr 1 f Middlesex to»u
ri>j f ~• am ;y. Pit. i» ni* 1 * ffered fur sale.
Id . Ii iiiii'-'it vV E FI:IS3EK, on the prem
ise* *V l6tf
R SALE.
ji 1 \ .1 . t,. 1 nit*rir>L hi a tood lm«-
i'.v ... • h. ( '!•'* who known B"ine
, u- f I,ii . ••fc-ir«*d. An honest mm
„ . 11 : , t w.lllrto well 10 add rest*
* , (111 i iHSt* care H VI Jame*.
!'i l I'll' i'li y 1 |au27-l V
1 \si HvXuis
" «i« ii* !» ***«• ei] IHI9.
PL\ \ A INSURANCE COMPANY
' . !! AKTK' HID, < ONNECTIOU I'.
A"(*t- 111
I n-v (mill in I<l Jfi r , 951.00' ,000
I '|. \1 C ' SKIN & IS >N, A.i'iili',
Jmi'flJlv .lerter-on Klreet. Hut !«-r. Pa.
<V BK <JOUNTY
Mutual Fire Insurance Co.
"fir Cor. Main inrf Cunningham Sts,
Q. C. ROESSING, President.
t'AMI'ttKLL. Tkeasukkh
l < UKINEMAN. Skchetaky
lUKtCC'TOIiS:
J U t'urvi* 1 K. A. Helmholdt.
William Cam, 'Hill .1 W. Boikhart
A. Tronitmin, Jacob .Sohoone.
O. 0. K»e«ndnit. John Caldwell,
Dr. W Irvhi, VV. VV Doddi,
J. W.Ghrtolv H. C. Helneman.
J AS. T. \I'JU\ r KIN t Gen Ag't-
BTTT'I FlT=t "PA.
nnit a.
FI- * IMTMIOBJ
* -ixni -ntEKTH
f:/ ~r,th j
i)H\' 1 I .w.'iy at on if yon
I Pj N ! ** . * vi- bi-i-n (U ablcil in
the I . .. 1.. W. 'IM Ur.-i.lt L\ I I, ■
| *Bll, r \K (•> i'l.- IN'( UKAM
gj> 1 • ■|*•- •~i hiv r it*'l too low. '
BOl'N i V •. -;i> \ .v' DtH IfAKOKrt PKO-
Cl'hEll Int'iiriiiiil .:i Irtly u. .Si?n«l
itatnp for blanks. Addrec.-.
.STODDABT Ac CO.,
Boom *,Bt. Clnuil Washington, 1»- C.
Notice
p. * ~n- .:*• -.r.i.a to luiv-' t'mir Old Fainiture
rnpitir il or '< a \V . rk iiutde to i nter. m:ic i
M ;*•!<• '' n' ■* 'ton ''ui H, VVarilrobes, Oitice
ItecU. > i'ltl.liv. A".." oulddo well to call on
A. 15. WILSON,
Practical Cabinet Maker.
I lu M that a pieee of 'tiriiiturn ta&dn l<v hand
urtth 1 . .do tiy iM'chinery. and will cowt
uiit li t 1 11111*-.- il any. Then why n»t have hand
tui.it ? All 01k mull- in thfl fatAMt «tvlen and
of i- 1 1 n.it' iiai I i;tiarant«o entire »;it
iataci. .11 in ►tvi. . v rkinaiiMhip and price, (iive
mo a er.'l • hop on Millhu Ktrr»« I four doorit
*f»l t :reiit. Slid opposite A TrouttnanV
atiiro. Biltl«r. Pa. Hopl7-ly
Bivusa & B^xraß.
Lively, Sale and feed Stables,
KEAB OP VOOELEY HOUSK,
|im»4in BUTLEn. PA.
SFor this style Singer.
We will aend it to your
D«;|>ot to be examined lie
foru you pay for il. If it ik
not at represented it can be
returneii at our expense.
Send a postal curd for illus-
W<>w.>«< 'O. 17 N. Tenth >it v Philadelphia.
Julyll-3in
Adni lirfnfra(or*N 9fo(l<*e.
Letter* of udininiiArahir having been granted
to the undursiirned on the estate of
deo'd, late of Worth town-hip, Kutlur
eouutv, l*s„ not ice in hereby given to all those
knowing themselves indebted to aaid enutte,
that inain' hate payment in required, and Ihow
having clainiN agaiuxl the same to present them
duly autheiit.caled for payment.
ADANI PISOR, Adra'r.
nep2'J-»)t Jackaville P. 0., Ilutler, Pa.
A ' } /V per day at 1.. me Samplea worth
111 ®£.\l |)5 frse. Addieaa tiTiaaoN 4 Co.,
fortlsud, Mains. Uecj-iy
VOL. XVIi.
CARPETS! OIL CLOTHS! MATS! RUGS' STAIR RODS
raiaw tock! "jsw stogej >
3 HECK & PATTERSON S |
! Bl CARPET mi {
NOW OPEN I c
S One Door South of their CJothiag tiQUsz t b
2* >
Duffy's iUork. *ept2o-tr Butler. Pa. E
,s(joU invx< i SOilH i KLVK i S'll,!,< > r lo r IF> i JH VC)
ill - fine Merchant Tailoring 141
AT
.|(>ll> OMMEBT'S,
ALSO X COMPLETE ASSORTS!EXT OF
l-vdIEAST'S BOY'S '3
KEADY-MADE CLOTHING, AND GENTS FL'KKISIUSt't GOODS, <£C.
A fine selection of I"a!l :;n<i Winter will be made to order at reasonable prices, and
satirfaction guarantee 1. „ . . .
Overc«at« a sjtctiiillv. A ronlial invitation is extended to tne people o> the \ leinity, to
call and examine our st >ck, visitors a- well lis buyers will be welcome.
ji«g* 141
!HS«U S SViNuft^Bv
tmmb nt VIA-SANO
A Medicine recently discovrrcd used by an eminent physician with wonderful success. AH
and country siorcb havs it or w:ll pet it for you Also a sure cure for I]>f DIGESTION«
_DYS PEPSIA^gjg
W - . ; ■ * 1
lEg:r.;» i u. '..
. fitiVIEQY
F ■! : . ic-: and "itcrnal Uso,
/ | s 2 r '?.Z f.r all Ci::i:os for which it Is recoirmcndeJ,
/ ' i .7AV. r "".rECTLY SAFE In the hands of
yjSag £ 7 in „7trlenced persons.
■f'f* ■ • • I re • :•> \ remedy for COKJIIS, SORE
~ I . ' • TJ »V i -t troubles; r-ffonlH inntuut rtUef
/ " '* ~i\- !i; :-TI.r.KIA, ttd is tho fcfcbt
.... . ;:'is-.i a-.a M:i:UAI,UIA.
IJ L " *' v : THi Qi. - :T- k D PJIO3T WIDELY KNOWN
i. ■?% .. , -j \ :: i!E irf THE WO3LO.
;i t » J /V i>. Ti *. ' .J ' . Kiifli wonderful KiieeetiH <n a!'.
>!iii fi If, *Ji *»></ -M I r CI'OIiKItA, DiAUlillO.A,
jI pa ,"v .\ / l/>\ »• '■ ' boivci- compuioth, •< <•
•alia Httcrrsa-.-' :CF«ovews'CO»STAKT
I la 1 / Saf v: t:: r: t. .i'sics mid curmtes,
n ] L'i It\ " ' Tt ■!.!. " 1 1 J Pliyr.iclnnm Ml«lloKarll'm
i-il \ if-S 11, 3. i Sir r ■ ' u-ITU «.l I'.vniiitionn, Work• Kbopn, a:id
I ri JC; •■<:••• : In short, by Everybody
Bl Ir IH/,0 e 4 : •» •• »
f1 p 'S'l/ - ) ' "'■ ;i - ml AS A L'NU'flEM
j '/'Kfi) r I :f - Pni:> 111 the Bock nud S do,
([ *'. I .. rcti f In til (.axes cf llrrl: - ;j,
.42 3r» 1 1 Li 7 ' • r Neold't, etc.
.. " * I V RE WITHOUT IT. It v. I.!
r*yi-.—~ . i<.i l i doc-t .rs' bills, and it : rlx:
it !m ko>l ut 2'tc. CVa. aad i. . .00
wfe't-- • ;. . „i . l|. in t!l (lnnrvrtrta.
PEKRY 'Q'Av. r ;ovidence, R. I.
Proprietors.
lime of Holding CntirlN.
Th* several C'mrt* of the countv of Butler
commence on the flißt Uumlajf of March, June,
H. jit nitier and December, and continue two
weeks, or so long an II ceseary to dispose of the
bun news. No causes are put down for trial or j
traverse Jurors mmmoned for the lirst week of j
the s»-vota! ternui.
AT I OUN 10 VI i-Av\ . j
PA
"JTF. mtITTAIN,
Office v. :th I. Z Mitchell I'iauicnd.
A. M. CUNNINGHAM,
Office in Hrady's I.aw Building. Butler, Va.
S. 11. PTERSOL;
Office on N. ii. comer Diamond, Kiddle build
ing ■mi-, r.?
JOHN M. GREER " j
Ofßco on N. K. corner Di i ond. nov' 2
VV.M II lu.-K; !
Office with W H. H Kiddle. Khq.
NEWTON H'.u.K
Office on Diamond, near Court House, south
K.'l '
e.T. bru«h,
OHt'-i-in Kirtdle'<- t.iw Building.
S K. fiOVNSEII"
Office in ItiiMi 'a Building |niar!-i 7'
,f B v. ! I N KIN.
tp cj-il iilf.'iitlin irlv—i* to "iillcclious O i
, u ill > r d Hou-e.
ToskT'Ti li. BIIEDIN,
■ IIIIPU nurih-<-."t « '»rticr ol Diamond, Butler
?*•
11. 11. GOUCnER,
Office iu Bcim«idemiOi'# braiding. op
.1. T DONLY
Ofßco near Court House. r 74
W. I). BRANDON,
«bl7-75 OfB« e In H«rg> building 1
CLARENCE WALKER,
Office in I'redin Mdldtog* mar 17—1
FERD RKIBER,'
Office In Herd'snew bull Ilnic, Main Hr • l- tj." l >
F M EAST AN,
Office in Brodin building* _
LEV. M. Ql'lS'l ION,
Office Main stro-d, 1 door south ol Court House
J OS. C. VANDERLIN,
Office Main street, 1 door south of Court House
Win A. FORQUER,
tfv»~ Office on Main street, opposite Vogeley
House.
GEO li. WHll'E,
Office N. E. corner of Diamond
FRANCIS S PURVIANCE,
Oltice with Oen. J. N. I'urviance, Slain street,
south of Court House. _
J I> Mc.H'NKIN,
Office in Sohncldeinan's bulldim.', went aide ol
Main street, 2nd siju.ire from Court Hou-e.
\. (i WILLIAMS.
Office on Diamond, two door* wont of Cm/.E*
office, HM
T C. CA PBELL.
Office in Horg's new building, 2d floor, oait
Hide Main St., a few doors south of I.owrj
House. mar3—tf
~ C A. & VI. SULLIVAN,
may 7 Office S. W. cor ol Diamond,
BLACK BRO.,
Office on Main street one door couth o
Hrcd.v lllo' U, limlci. l' i. (aet'. 2,1574.
JOHN M MILLER «fc BRO.
Office 111 Brady's l.ar Building, Main street,
Houth of Court Hone. Kuoe.tic G. MILLKH,
Notary PobUe. J l ":'' '5
THOMAS ROBINSON,
i BUTBEB, l'A.
IsST"Advertise iu the CITIZEN. .
JOHN 11. NEGLEY,
CiTOivbt-particular atteutiou to traimactiouh
in real eMale throughout the county.
Oniric ON DIAMOND, NEAR COUUT Hoowt, I."
Cmzr.\ RITIMUKM
K. ti. ECKI.XT, KENNBDT MAKHIIALL
(Lulu ol Ohio.)
KCKLKY & MARSHALL.
Ollhe ill Brady's l.uv Huiidinjr. Sept .9,7-1
C~(i CIIUIBTIE,
Attorney at IAV. L'-UAI bu •ine*'? carefully
transacted COIICJ! ioiih made and promptly
remitted. Bui-lni:.-'- correspondence piompth
attended to and ai v. in 1.
'inc« opposite Li*: y House, Butler, Pa.
MISCE rjj'INBOUS.
McSWKKN V & McSWKEN Y,
HmethpoM -iii i brndford, l'a.
H. N MILKS,
Petrjlia, itt. ! 't county, l'a. |jnfc i
M. C BIINBUICT,
janfi II I i: - lia. ISutlwr co., I'n
m
GRAND 80l LEVARI) HOTEL
i Corner 50',' 'i !~>f. <£ Broadway,
NE / \ORK.
On Both Am II II and Imiopean I'lana.
' I'ront!hit on *• i • 1 ik, tin - tiiand Boulevard, !
I ltroa<twa> and 1 U' • 'li St., III! Hotel oeeu
|H(-i tin' entire :',i . . .mi v.a > linii; and fur
-1 ni-licd itt an ex pi ii -'t I .IT *U 11/ MO. Il Is one of I
j Hie most elegant . \\ !! i.s In nil. (In- lilKrHt In- j
I catcil HI the eity ; I. i . :• pa .ei,»er Klcvator and
'all modem impi' ■nil*., alid i- v. 11 111 I: one
square ll] the ilrp I . <f tile hixlh alld KIKIIIII
j Avenue Klevali'il I it. cars and Mill nearer to the
!Ii roadway eats <•. .■•innl and aeeesMlile from
| all pail ,of the n: . iJooms with lioard, per
day. Special ran ' • families mid prrmaneiit j
jcuimtii. 1 . ! I ASK Kl.!„ Proprietor.
ST. CEARL3ES HOTEL,
On the ;i*op ;in JPlari
-54 to 66 M jrih Third Street,
Philadelphia, - Pa.
Single Room.'' 50c., 75c. and $1 per
day.
O. I-*. Sclineck, Proprietor.
Excellent I>! ?;i room furnished
with the hest, mid at reasonable rates.
ars f«, r all Railroad Depots I
within a convenient distance.
National Hotel,
CORTLANDT Kit i I T, NKAU lJu own,
Ni ;w V<> ICKi
nOTCIIKISS & POND, - - Prop'rs.
ON THFC !U!i<)l'KAN PLAN.
'I'll.! ri'Hlmirant, < j- f< anil lunch room attached
aru uiiHUipawMCil 1 r cl capnonH and excellence of
nervice ltooiiiß 6'i cte. to #2 per day, &:i to flO
per week. (Jonvt.i nl to all ferric* ami city
railroads. N<.w PUUNITUUK,' NEW MANAOE
MK.NT. janls-ly
-r-IIK HUllltKll'l'.ll HOUSE.
L NI( KLAS, Prop'.,
MAIN STKI:I;R, IJUTLKR, PA.
Having tak<n |mm Mr-ion of the above wall
ki own II ril l, ari l it liuiiiK furnirhful in the
I.eft of atyle lor Hi iuc uu.idation of guoMta. the
I nblic »ro rthpcct'uily invited to hivo mo a call.
1 li ivo alco |)im;.i- ii in of the barn in rot.r of
1: itel, wliicli furiinlM M excellent utabling, ac
coiuodatioiui for my i»troii<-.
L. NICK I,AS.
Lfl j V 'iVlitK. ilk day at borne racily made
$• « (Jjntlv Outfit free. Addrciw Tui'l! A Co.
Auguou, jiuaiu. deoJ-ly
BITLER, PA., NOVEMBER 3, I^Bo
LONDON MARKE TS.
Where John Bull Get* Beef —The
JJistory of those Celebrated Marts
of Trade—Capacity of ihe
Market—American Pro
ducts on Sate there.
The following is a condensation of
a London letter in the New York
Times :
The bells of the Royal Exchange, in
London, at noon, ring out merrily 'The
Roast Beef of Old England.' The bro
kers, shipowners and underwriters
within the sound of their chiming cease
work and hasten to take a little 'snack
of something,' possibly n glass of port
and a beefsteak at the Bodega, near at
hand. The wine is imported, but is it
the roast beef of Oid England or the
meat ot America which nourishes and
sustains them ? Let us see how the
great English metropolis is fed, and
what part Columbia plays in the feed
ing of 4,000,000 of British freemen.
The principal markets of London are
the Central (Smithfield) and Leaden
hall for meat and poul'ry ; Billingsgate
for fish ; Earringdon for vegetables, and
Covent Garden for fruit. The Metro
politan Cattle Market is in Copenhagen
Fields, and the Foreign Cattle Market
is at Deptford.
Leadenhall Market is situated in a
crowded part of the city, and with its
row of coffee houses and outlying
stands suggests Fulton Market in New
York. It was the largest market up
to the time of the building of the Cen
tra! Markets, at Smithfield. and its glo
ry paled when that grand depot opened
its doors. For twelve years past Lead
enhall has been content to lead in the
retail of the city. There is a very large
wholesale business in poultry carried
on within its precincts, Norfolk, Sur
rey, Sussex, Lincoln and Cambridge
contributing to the stock. Ireland sends
a large proportion, and about Christ
mas time Canada and the
Western States of America fur
nish a large quantity of turkeys. The
meat sold at Leadenhall is bought at
the Central Markers, Smithfield, and
retailed to the families and small deal
ers about the city. Leadenhall Market
is more than 500 years old.
The London Central Market, or as
it is better known, Smithfield Market,
is the principal market of London, and
its tjlass domes, red brick walls and
towers, and white trimmings, reminds
the visitor of that costly experiment,
the late Manhattan Market, at New
York. The business at the .Central
Market is simply enormous. Itisesti
mated that 24,000 quarters of beef are
sold here every week day between 3
and 6 o'clock in the morning. In this
market and about it are to be found the
principal dealers in American beef, and
it is here that they have their offices
and stalls There are a dozen firms
now actively engaged in this business
where heretofore there was but one.
The demand for meat from the United;
States is largely on the increase. The
cattle districts upon which the English
butcher n lied in time.- past are falling
far short of an adequate supply now.
Surrey, Lincoln, Cambridge, Suffolk
and Norfolk, and the grazing districts
about Aberdeen, in Scotland, however,
still send many thousand beeves to
London. The Scotch "season" for beef
is confined to the months of January,
February, March and December. Smith
field is the only wholesale dead meat
market in 'London.
Like every prison, palace, church or
court in London, Sm.it hfield has its his
tory arid traditions. Oliver 1 wist
came to grief at Smithfield. Wat Tyler
was killed on its site by the then Lord
Mayor. It was formerly the place of
public executions. William Wallace
and Sir Simon Froze* were brutally
executed there by Edward I. Many
persons were burned there for witch
craft. Two men were boiled alive for
poisoning. Latimer was burned at the
stake there in 1556 and John Rodgers
the year before. The slaughter is more
innocent now. St. Bartholomew Hos
pital, of which Miss Betsey l'rig was
an attache, is but a stone's throw from
Smithfie d Market, and Charter House
Square runs along by the eastern side
of the market, and is the locality where
Steele, Addison and John Wesley,
Leech and Thackeray (to say nothing
of Olive N'eweenie) were educated.
Covent Garden was one of the gar
dens of the Convent, of Westminster
before the year 1250, and during all
the changes it has undergone has never
lost its reputation for flowers and fruits.
On market mornings—Tuesday, Thurs
day and Saturday—it is brilliant in
color and glorious in perfume. Among
the wits and players of a century ago
Covent Garden was famous. The Beef
steak Club sprang into juicy existence
there; Lely and Kneller lived and
painted there, and Lely is buried there.
In the adjoining streets were 'Will's'
Coffee House, 'Tom's' and 'Button's'
the favorite haunts of such men as Ad
di:ion, Johnson, Garriek, Pope, Drydcn,
and Sir Joshua Reynolds. The Church
of St. Paul, in Convent Garden, uj.'ly
enough in architecture, is famous, nev
ertheless, as being the first important
Protestaut church in England, and for
the remarkable persons whose bodies
are buried in its yard and vaults—
Wychcrly, Mrs. Centime, Kynaston,
the player of female parts in the time
of Charles 11., who kept the stage wait
ing 'while the King was getting shav
ed ;' Robert Wilkes, Macklin, Samuel
Butler. I>r. John Walcott and Peter
Pindar.
Tin; term Billingsgate has been pro
verbial for years, and Billingsgate to
day, tnorully, oratorically, and literally
does credit to its ancient name. One
Belin, Kin# of the Britons, is said to
liave built a water-gate here Mil) years
before Christ. It lias been a market
since the middle of the thirteenth cen
tury. There is a little retail trade done
here, but the wholesale business is
enormous, it is situated in Thames
street, a few hundred yards from Lon
don Bridge, and adjoins the west side
of the Custom House. It is the only
tisli market in London. The scene at
this market in the early morning beg
gars description. The lauding of the
fish by the North Sea steamers at the
wharf, the hurrying porters with their
loads of lisli upon their heads, the deep
tanks underueath the maikets where
the scaly sole and herring' swim, the
unintelligible cries, the tilth which eve
rvwhere prevails, the 'coster's oath,
the 'cadger's growl, makes a visit to
Billingsgate Market at once a never-to
be-forgotten event.
The first American cattle for the
butcher were brought over in 18<5."i by
tbe Glasgow agents of tbe firm of John
Bell A: Sons, London, and in June of
that year they commenced bringing
over two steers a week to see if the
American animal could stand the sea
voyage. On discovering that they
could do so the firm began gradually
to increase their importations, until now
their trade has reached millions of dol
lars annually and thousands of heads
of American cattle. Illinois is best
known in Great Britain as a meat-pro
ducing district, and, therefore, a great
deal of the cattle coining from other
States are represented as being corn-ted
Illinois. Pennsylvania and Kentucky
stable-fed stock furnish sp'-ndid sjieci
inens of American meat. At the start
great prejudice existed against the in
troduction of meat from the United
States, and many efforts, Parliamenta
ry and otherwise, were resorted to in
order to curtail its rapid growth. Sto
ries were manufactured as to plagues
existing in American cattle regions, but
the demand increased constantly. ,
One of the principle sources of com
petition to American live cattle hereto
fore, has been the Schleswig-Holstein
cattle trade. Iu previous years it av
eraged about 1,500 animals weekly, to
London. This year, notwithstanding
the freight has been reduced to ss. a
head, the trade is almost extinguished.
In 1870, the demand for American beef
increased so much that it was dealt in
by one or two lirms beside the Messrs.
Bell, but sti 1 the trade met with con
siderable prejudice, although during
the year there had been received at
Smithlield Market 5,513 tons, which
showed an increase of 37$ per cent over
previous years. The new trade, how
ever, increased rapidly. Steamship
linos to London, Glasgow and Liver
pool began to see a business that they
had hitherto neglected growing at a
great rate, and as it increased in ton
nage it yrew in popularity. The fol
lowing statistics of the : eceipts of dead
meat at Stnithfield will more fully show
the increase of the demand for Ameri
can beef:
Year. Tons. Year. Tons.
l*7i; 5,513 IK7K 19,.170
1877 14,ti41 1878 20,751
A nd it here may Vie said of the Amer
ican trade that while the American
meat is welcomed at the table of the
aristocratic and wealthy in London, as
well as at humbler boards, the cheese
of the United States finds its way to
the homes of the poor. For a mid-day
meal the farm hand has a pot of beer,
a rasher of bacon, some bread, and a
bit of American cheese.
The well known partiality for the
American oyster hv the Prince of
Wales may have something to do with
the growth of this trade, now increased
from a few bushels a year to thousands
of barrels annually. The foreign oys
ter is replanted in the Med way, and
there, after a brief rest from the fatigue
of the ocean voyage, taken up after a
few months, and found to have thrived
on a foreign shore. They arc in great
demand in London, and are eaten in
preference to the native oyster, which
has a coppery taste.
OPEN Alii FOR CONSUMP
-27 VES.
I)r. Henry Bennet, in a communi
cation to the HrilUh Medical Journal,
on the influence of mountain uir in the
treatment of pulmonary consumption,
asserts that the temperature which ex
erts the most favorable influence in
the treatment of phthisis is a (lay
temperature ranging from f>.> J to 02 '
or 70° Kah., and a night temperature
ranging between 45° and 50 ; in other
words, that the climate and tempera
tare which are the most conducive to
the physiological well being of the
Caucasian race are also the most favor
able to the treatment of phthisis, lie
draws attention to the fact that phthi
sis is rare among the people inhabiting
the high air of Central and South
America, although common in the
neighboring seacoast towns. Dr.
Comes, with whom Dr. liennet has
lately been a correspondent, states that
during u residence of four years in
Quito, where he was one of the pro
fessors at the medical school, physic
ian to the hospital, and engaged in ac
tive private practice, he only saw two
or three eases of spontaneous phthisis
among the natives, and in all the cases
of imported phthisis from the seacoast
that h<; met with the progress of the
disease soon appeared to be arrested,
lie also states that in a large room,
without lire, and with the doors and
windows open day and night, he found
the temperature to oscillate all the year
round between 57° and 05° Fah.
Dr. Bennet relates the case of a
young married lady, aged 2'i, whom
he attended for two winters at Men
lone. She was a native of Guayaquil,
but educated and married in France,
where she became a consumptive ; and
finding that her recovery at Mentone
was only a partial one, she returned to
her native country. She has now been
two years at Quito, and has become
quite well and robust. But then, at
Mentone, she lived shut up, while at
Quito she has lived in the open air
constantly, lie therefore thinks that
the immunity, or comparative immuni
ty, from phthises enjoyed by tint in
habitants of the elevated mountain
plains of tropical and sub-tropical
America, from Mexico to the Argen
tine Republic, cannot be owing to mere
elevation—to barometic conditions —
inasmuch as phthisis reigns at all ele
vations, even above 5,000 feet, on the
mountains of Switzerland. It cannot,
either, be attributed to mere dry cold,
KM the mortality from phthisis is great
er in Norway, Sweden, and Northern
Russia than in London or Paris. It
must, then, be owing to the ideal
physiological climate, which enables
the entire population to live, as it were,
out of doors, in tin; open air, night and
day. Why should not the Andes, with
a delightfully mild, dry, and equable
climate, which is unequaled in any
part of the world, become the health
resort of the future '(
WHAT WE BUY AND SELL
ABROAD.
The official statement of United
States exports and imports, in which
the returns from a!l the custom houses
are corrected to August 23, gives the
total exports of domestic merchandise
at $823,946,353, for the year ending
.June 30, while the merchandise im
ports for the same time were $667,-
954,746, showing, as compared with
the previous year, an increase in ex
ports amounting to $125,005,563, and
increased imports of $222,170,971.
Of the imports, $459,652,883 were <> r!
dutiable goods and $208,301,863 w- .
fret* of duty. In the latter <•!.:tlie
trainers of our tariff intended, in a gen
eral way, to include many articles not
produced at all here, as well as raw
materials used in manufactures, muk
making goods which were largely the
product of foreign cheap labor pay a
high rate of duty, in order to encour
age our manufacturing industries. A
large proportion of the value of the
imports free of duty is covered in the
two items of coffee and tea, which we
received last year to the value of SBO,-
143,390, a-compared with similar re
ceipts '. ii Hinting to $61,934,437 for
the \ ar preceding. Of chemicals,
drugs, dyes and medicines, about half
our imports are free and half dutiable,
the latter ammounting last year to
$5,764. 698, and the former to $6,738,-
862, the free goods showing an in
crease of 50 and the dutiable of 25 per
cent., as compared with the imports of
the year preceding. But the most re
markable showing in the increased im
ports of free goods is found in the item
of hides and skins, other thau furs.
These constitute a raw material, the
bringing of which here from abroad to
be manufactured involves the use of a
large amount of capital and the em
ployment of a great number of hands,
whether the maunfacture be only so
far carried out as to produce leather,
or whether, as with the great propor
tion. it is carred forward into the mak
ing of boots and shoes. In 1878-9 we
had a full average import, amounting
to sls, 959, 017, but for 1879-80 our
receipts were far greater than ever be
fore in the his ory of the country, foot
ing up $30,002, 254. In the other ar
ticles free of duty which enter most
largely into our manufactures, we find
that the imports of India-rubber and
gutta percha have increased from $6,-
068,088 to $9,606,239, rags for paper
makers from $2,402,457 to $5,474,737,
raw silk from $8,371,025 to $12,024,
699, and block, bar or pig tin from $2,-
312,297 to $6,223,176. The large
capital and increased employment of
of labor necessitated by this larger use
of raw material requiring so much
work to fit it for the requirements of
the public will at once be evident.
When we come to the imports of
dutiable goods, however, such as are
generally brought here in competition
with the productions of.our own manu
factures, we find in most branches an
increase quite as great as that noticed
In our imports of free raw materials, a
fact which would tend to discredit our
general industrial prosperity were it
not th t we have such cumulative evi
dence to the contrary, and can see that
these increased imports, bought from
the superabundant proceeds of two
bountiful crops, are but supplement
ing demands upon our own manufac
turers which the latter find themselves
unable to fill. Thus, in cotton manu
factures, although the mills at I' all
River, Lowell, and other places, have
been producing more goods than ever
before, our imports for 1879-SO were
$29,929,366, as against $19,928,310
for the year preceding. So, too, in
manufactures of wool, although our im
ports have increased from $24,:>;>:>,801
in 1878—9, to $33,921,093 in 1879-80,
the home industries in this line have
been remarkably prosperous. In iron
and steel and their manufactures the
business has not been so steadily pros
perous as in some other branches, be
cause of the intense speculative fever
which dominated that market during a
great portion of the year, but there
was a great improvement in the many
industries embraced in this line as
compared with the condition of the
trade for the year preceding. It is to
lie particularly noted also, in this con
nection, that while our increased im
ports of this class were enormous, by
far the largest items were of pig and
old and scr ip iron, which, considering
the work necessary to turn them into
marketable products as finished goods
may properly be considered as raw
material. In fact these two items
alone constitute more than half our
imports of iron and steel and its manu
factures for the past year, figuring for
$27,956,144, as against $2,054,885 in
Ix7B-9, while all our other imports in
1 this class, such as casting, steel and
iron rails, machinery, cutlery, files,
saws and tools, foot up to about $26,
757,844 in 1579-80, as against $7,-
392,363 in IB7X-9.
When we turn to the other side of
the account, however, and look at the
items which make up our increased ex
ports, it is not at all surprising to find
' that in the shipment of manufactured
1 goods w" have only just about held
our own, and that our larger shipments
are almost entirely in grain, cotton
and provisions. Of the latter we had
an unprecedented abundance, and the
marketing thereof furnished the people
with the abundant means which has
enabled them to purchase so freely of
manufactures. On this account the
ambition to build up a trade in our
| manufactured goods in foreign markets
has been, this year, to a great extent,
held in abeyance, in the presence of an
active and generally more remunerative
home trade. Of course this has been
on I v a temporary condition, to be prob
ably followed by more earnest efforts
than have ever before been made to en
large the sale or our manufactures
abroad, for, aside from the fact that
we can hardly expect a continuance of
such magnificent harvests, the great
enlargement of our manufacturing fa
cilities during the past year will com
pel those interested in such lines to
seek wider markets, if they would
place their trade on a permanently
prosperous footing. 1 here never has
been a time more propitious thau the
| present for the putting forth of the
most zealous efforts in this direction.
Labor is comparatively cheap, but at
the same time all the necessities of life
are sold at such reasonable rates that
the condition of the workman is much
better than in former years, when we
had a vitiated currencv and wages
were much higher; American manu
facturers, too, have now won such a
position in most ol the markets of the
world that they will not have to en
counter the prejudices which were for
merly a chief obstacle in developing
foreign trade, but they will find cus
tomers everywhere not only willing
but desirous to meet them on grounds
which cannot fail to be mutually ad
v .mtageous.— Scientific American.
JIO W TO~TREA T A WA TCH.
Having obtained a really servicea
ble article you should, in order to pro
duce satisfactory results, follow out
these rules: Wind up your watch
every day at the same hour. This is
generally done at the hour we retire to
rest, or perhaps better still the hour we
rise. Avoid putting a watch on a
marble slab or near anything exces
sively cold. The sudden transition
from heat to cold contracting the metal
may sometimes tuu.v the main spring
to break. Indeed, the cold coagulates
the oil, and the wheel work and pivots
working less freely affect the regularity
of the time-keeper. When we lay our
watch aside we ought to slope it on a
watch-case, so as to keep it nearly in
the game position as it has in the pock
et. In laying aside your watch be
sure that it rests on its case, as by sus
pending it free the action of the balance
may cause oscillation, which may con
siderably interfere with its going If
you would keep your watch clean you
must be quite sure that the case fits
firmly, and never put it into any pock
et but one made of leather. Those
pockets which are lined with cloth,
cotton or calico give, by the constant
friction, a certain quantity of fluff
which enters most watches, even those
the cases of which shut firmly. If the
watch is not a "keyless" one, the key
should be small, in order that we may
feel the resistance of the stop-work;
then we can stop in time without forc
ing anything. It is also necessary
that the square of the key should cor
respond with that of the watch. If it
be too large, it may in a short time
cause the wind-up square to suffer
from under wear and tear; the rectify
ing of which is rather expensive. The
hands of an ordinary watch can be
turned backward without much risk.
It is, however, always better to move
the hands forward to adjust your
watch to correct time.
A skillful watchmaker one day thus
reasoned with a customer who com
plained of his watch : "You complain
ed," said he, "that your watch gains
a minute a month. Well, then, you
will congratulate yourself when you
have heard me. You are awa'e that
in your watch the balance, which is
the regulator, makes five oscillations
every second, which is four hundred
and thirty-two thousasd a day; so
that your watch, exposed to all the
vicissitudes which heat and cold occa
sion it, the varying weight of the air
and the shakiug to which it is subject
ed, has not varied more than a minute
u month or two seconds a day
It is only acquired with each vibration
of the balance a variation of the two
hundred and sixteen thousandth part of
a second. Judge, then, what must be
the extreme perfection of the mechan
ism of this watch!"
A watch cannot go for an indefinite
period without being repaired or
cleaned. At the expiration of a certain
time the oil dries up. dust accumulates
and wear and tear are inevitable re
sults to the whole machinery, the func
tions becoming irregular and frequent
ly ceasing to act altogether. A person
possessing a watch of good quality and
desirous of preserving it as such
should have it cleaned every two years
at least. But care should be taken to
confide this cleaning or repairing to
careful hands; an incapable workman
may do great injury to a watch even
of the simplest construction.
110 W DIAMOND MINES A liE
WO UK El).
The system of working the diamond
mines is described bv an operator as
follows:
The ground being picked loose by
natives and broken up, is hauled out
of the mines in tubs running on in
clined wires; from these tubs it is
transferred to a sifting cylinder, which
removes the coarser stones, the re
maining soil being mixed with water
and slowly stirred in a flat pan of cir
cular form, by means of arms fitted
with teeth, this pan varying from <i
to 15 feet in diameter, according to
the amount of work to be done. The
effect of this is to leave the diamonds,
which are heaviest, at the bottom; the
lighter soil escaping over the edge of
the pan, to lie taken up by a dredirer
ami trucked away. At the end ol a
day's work the contents of the circular
pan are cleaned out and washed up in
hand-sives, when in turning over the
sieve on the table the diamonds can be
at once seen from their brillance, some
being of most perfect octahedron shape
and as clear as crystal.
The rough diamonds are almost in
variably below 10 carats in weight,
tin; average being about the size of a
pea ; indeed, in the Bultfoiiteiu mine,
a 10 carat stone is looked upon as a
curiosity, though specimens exceeding
100 carats in weight have on rarj oc
casions been secured. l'he vault) ol a
stone depends entirely on its color,
shape, arid freedom from spots or flaws;
those of faultless shape and perfect
whiteness taking the precedence of all
others. The diamonds exceeding 20
carats in weight are mostly of various
shades of yellow, a large white dia
| mond being a comparative rarity.
"How catne t bolca in your el
bowH?" H«i<i a widowed mother to Jicr
only Hon. "Ob, mother, I bid liehind
the Hofa when Col. (Job lei' wan Baying
to .Maria that he'd take her oven if you
bad to be thrown in; and be didn't
know I was there ; and HO I held my
tongue and laughed in my nleevi'H till
1 hurnt 'cm."— Lt/lrl'x Living Aje.
One square, one lunertion, tl ; each subso
qnent insertion, .00 cents. Yeirly adveitieeßents
excelling oue-fourth of ft column, #5 per inch.
Fixture worn double these rates: additional
charges where weekly 01 monthly changes ara
made. Local advertisements 10 o< Ms per line
for flirt insertion, and 5 cente per line for each
additional insertiou. Mai napes and deaths pub
lished free of charge. Obituary notices charged
as iu]>crt:><*rueiits. and payable when handed in
Auditors' Notices. J-t; Executors' and Adniinis
t rat or.-' Notices. £3 each; Est ray, Caution ane
Dissolution Notices, uot exceeding ten lines,
each.
From the fact that the CITIZEN is (he oldea'
established and most extensively circulated Re
publican newspaper in Butler county, (a Kepub
licaii county) it must be apparent to business
men that it is the medium they should use in
advertising their business.
NO. 49
AME RICA N WE A L TH.
It is a stock remark that Americans
love the dollar The saying, like most
stock sayings, misses the point; the
real point is, not that Americans love
money more than any other people,
but that they love comparatively few
things besides money. VVe hare fewer
objects ot serious pursuit than other
Western nations have ; we do not, as
a people, pursue the fine arts, or liter
ature, or scholarship, or society, with
the zeal or the fruitfulness that we And
in European communities, and so we
are regarded as being still somewhat
deficient in our duties as a civilized na
tion. We love these things less than
the Old World communities love them.
We do not love money more than they
—probably, indeed, not so much as
they. It is the exclusiveness, not the
zeal, of our pursuit of money that is
the thing to be regretted. Some day,
perhaps, we shall try to do better than
this; meanwhile, most of us pursue
the dollar, without thinking ot stop
ping much for rest until we take rest
where no work is. Xo community
thinks so little about rest from work as
ours.
We seek money, ami wo linil it; yet
do we love it either well or intelligent
ly enough to use it fruitTully, to keep
it safely, or to bequeath it wisely ?
First, let us gin nee at the wealth we
possess as a nation. Let us see what
place a century of money-making has
given us. We call ourselves a rich
people : how rich a people are we ? A
very little comparison of figures will
show. And first, where do we stand
as to the total valuatiou of the national
wealth ?
We stand near the head of the list—
third on the list of the Western na
tions. The United Kingdom of Great
Britain and Ireland heads the list with
a capital valuation of 44,000 millions
of dollars; then come France with 3f>,-
700 millions, the United States with
32,000 millions, Germany with 22,-
000 millions, Russia with 15,000 mil
lions, and the Low Countries with 11,-
140 million dollars of capital collect
ively. These are the valuations made
by those countries of their entire re
sources. What is the average annual
income per inhabitant in various coun
tries ? We come to the front in this
comparison. The average annual in
come in the United Kinkdom is $1(55;
in the United States, §lO5 also; in the
Low Countries, $l3O j in France, $125;
in the British Colonies, SOO ; in Ger
many, and also in Scandinavia, SBS.
In this reckoning, Russia, with her
ninety millions of people, is out of
sight as yet: she will not be very
long.
Once more : taking the question from
another point of view, let us ask,
What is our annual accumulation of
wealth, as compared with the annual
accumulation of other nations? And
here we step far in advance of any
community which gives us full esti
mates ; it should be borne in mind,
however, that the rate of interest for
agricultural capital, with us, is doublo
the average rate for Europe.
The annual accumulation of wealth,
tin n, in Germany, is 200 millions of
dollars; it is 325 •millions in the
United Kingdom, 375 millions in
France; in the United States it is 82:>
millions! Our increase of national
wealth since 1850, says a good English
authority, would be enough to pur
chase "the whole German Empire,
with its farms, cities, banks, shipping,
manufactures, etc. The annual accu
mulation has been 825 millions of dol
lars, and therefore each decade adds
more to the wealth of the United
States than the capital value of Italy
or Spain. Every day that the sun
rises u|>on the American people it sees
an addition of §2,300,000 to the wealth
of the republic."
These are figures to make a poor
man expect wealth; but let us hasten
to say that they do not prove us any
happier, or wiser, or more estimable in
tin: sight of the world, than many an
other poorer nation is. What these
figures do prove is a different thing:
they prove the bounty of nature toward
an energetic race ; they do not prove
what we sometimes take for granted
on the strength of them, that our na
tion is great or admirable in the
greatest and most admirable things.
N'u: we have been busied with neces
sary things ; in great and admirable
things our record is still, for the most
part, to be made.—T. M. CO.VN, in
Harper' H Magazine tor November.
A CHEAP WELL.
Dig down to a depth of five or s : x
feet a hole four feet in diameter ; brick
it up using water-lime mortar. Be
low this dig your well in diameter a
little less than the bricked top, and as
you go down plaster the dirt or sand
un the sides with water-lime mortar.
A well dug and plastered in this way
costs one-half the price of an ordina
nary well of the same depth and diam
eter. and is proof against all kinds of
vermin, nor can any dirt wash down
from the sides. 1 have a well made in
this way, that has done excellent ser
vice for eleven years, and in that time
it has been cleaned out only oace.
There is no need of cleaning such a
well, as there is no accumulation of
tilth in it. The bricking at the top is
done to avoid injury from frost, as the
plaster peels oil' where the ground be
hind it has frozen. "• W. T.
"In pursuing my theme i should like
to cover more ground, but—" "Buy
shoes big enough for your feet and
you'll do it!" was the impudent sug
gestion from the crowd.
"Smantha, I'm going to let go <>f
your hand for a minute, but you won t
lie mad, will you darling .' I wouldn't
let go till you di«i, only some sort of a
bug is crawling down my luck, and 1
can't keep my tiiinh on you and bugs
at the same time."
A gentleman, recently about to pay
bis doctor's I.ill, said, "\\ ell, doctor, us
my little boy gave the meaecls to all
my neighbor's children, and us they
were attended by you, 1 think you can
afford at the very least to deduct ten
per cent, from the amount of my bill
for the increase of business wo gave
you."