SUBSCRIPTION RATES: Per Tear, in vlvance 91 50 Otherwise 2 00" No subscription will be discontinued au til all arrearages are paid. Postmasters neglecting t*> notily us when subscriber* do not take out their papers will be hehl liable for the subscription. Subscribers removing from one [xmt office to aoother should give as the name of the former as well as the present office. All communications intended for publication n this paper must be accompauied by the real name of the writer, not for publication, but as a guu antee of good faith. Marriage and death notices most be accompa nied by a responsible name. Address BUTI-KR CITIZKH. BCJTLER. PA. TRAVELERS' GUIDE. ETLEK, UHM CITT AND PARKER RAILROAD Trains leave Butler for Bt. Joe, Millerstown Karris City, Petrolis, Parker, etc., at 7.27 a. in aud 2 and 7.25 p. ra. Trains arrive at Butler from the above naraec point* at 7..7 a. m.. ana 2.15, and 7.15 p. id The 2.15 train connects with train on the Wesl Penn road '.hroutrh to Pittsburgh. eHEVASGO AND ALLEGUEKT KAILKOAD. Train* leave HllliardV Mill, Butler county tor Harrioville, Greenville, etc., at 7.50 a. na »nd 2.25 p. m. Traill* iirrive at Hilliard's Mills at 1:45 A. M., and 5:55 p 11. Hacks to and from Petrolia, Fairvlew, Modoc and Tromman, conuect at Uil lard with all inioi on the S at x. m., and Ex-ires* east arriving at Blaireville at 11 00 a. m. railroad time. Hail at 2.Brt p. m , connecting at Butler Juno lionwithout change ol cars, with Express we6t, arriving in Allegheny at 526 p. ui., and Ex prt-s- east arriving at Blairsviile Intersection it 6.10 p. ra. railroad time, which connects w'th Philadelphia Kxpn-.s east, when on time. The 7.21 a. in train connects at Blairsville it 11.05 a. tn with the Mail east, and the 2.36 £». tn. train at 6.59 with the Philadelphia Ex ore*- exist. Train* arrive at Butlrr on West Penn K- R at 9.51 a. ra , 5 Of and 7.20 p. ra., Buller lime. The 9,51 and 5.06 trains connect with trains on the Butler & Parker K. R. Sun ay train arrives *1 Butle- at 11.11 a. ui., connecting with train or Parker. Main Line. Through trains leave Pittsburgh tor the EnM t 2.56 and 8.26 a. m. and 12 51, 4.21 and 8.06 p. tij., arriving at Philadelphia at 8.40 and 7.20 p. in and 3.00, 7.0 and 7.40 a. m.; at Baltimore ilx.ni the same t'rtie. at New York three hours •iter, and at Washington about one aud a hall hours later. PHYSICIANS. JOHN E BYERS, PHYSICIAN AND SURG EON, my2l-ly] BUTLER, PA. DENTISTS. D ENTISTRY. Ou WALDRON. Graduate ol the Phll |K adelphia Dental College,i* prepared a 11 ■to do auything in the line of his profession in a satisfactory manner. Office ou Main street. Butler, Union block, ot< stairs, apll LAND KOH SALK. FOR SALE. A handsome six-room frame house, located on Blnfl street, northwestern part of Butler. Lot 50*176. All necessary out buildings. TERMS—Or e-'hlrd cash ind balance in four equal annual payments, inquire at this oflice. J-mHtl For teale. The well-improved firm of Rev. W. R. Hutch ison, in the northeast comer of Middlesex town ithip, Butler county, Pa , is now offered for sale, low. Inquire of W K. FIUSBEE, on the prem ises. aplGtf FOR SALE. ft will buy a one-half interest in a good bus iness In Pittsburgh. One who knows some thing about farming preferred. An honest man with the above amount will do well to address by letter. SMITH JOHNS, care 8. M James, 93 Liberty str et, Pltt-hurgh, Pa |au27-ly INSIIRANCIt; Incorporated 1819. /ETNA INSURANCE COMPANY OF HARTFORD, CONNECTICUT. Aeets *7.078,224 49. Losses paid In 01 years, t51,00f,000. J. T. McJ'NKIN A B<>N, AgenU, janSSly Ji-flerson street, butler, Pa. BUTLER COUNTY Mutual Fire Insurance Co. Office Cor. Main and Cunningham Sts. G. C. ROESSING, PRESIDENT. \W| CAMPBELL. TREASURER H C. HEINEMAN", SECRETARY DIRECTORS: J. L. Purvis. I E. A. Helmboldl, William Campbell. J. W. Butkhart, A. Troutman, Jacob Schoene, O. C-Roessing, John Caldwell, Dr. W. lrvln, I W. W Dodds, J. W. Christy 1 H. C. Helneraan. JAS. T. M'JUNKIN, Gen. A*'t -BTTTILZEIR, FA. IIEWKY O. HAM!, Flic lEBClim TIIIOR. COR. PENN A»D SIXTH STREETS. , Pi/.fthtirtjh Pa PENSIONS ! liave'becn disabled in the U. 8. service. LAW EXPIRES JULY Ist, 1880, for ARREARS. PENSIONS INCREAS ED. Thousand* of Pensioners are rated too low. BOUNTY AND NEW DISCHARGES PRO CURED. Information freely given. Send stamp for blanks. Address. BTODDART 4 CO., Room >, St. Cloud Building, Washington, D. C. Notice Extraordinary. Persons desiring to have their Old Furniture repair< d. or New Work made to order, sueh as Music Stands. Book Cases, Wardrobes. Office Desks, Office Tables, Ac., would do well to call on A. 13. WILSON, Practical Cabinet Maker. I hold that a piece of furniture made by hand worth two made by machinery, and will cost out little more, if any. Then why not have hand made ? All work made in the latest styles and of the best material. I guarantee entire sat isfaction in stvle, workmanship aud price. Give me a call. Shop on Mifliiu street four doors west of Main streot, aud opposite A. Troutman'* •tore, Butler, Fa. sepl7-ly BAUER & BAXTER, Livery, Sale and Feed Stables, REAR OF VOGELEY HOUSE, JnnS-Sm BUTLETI. PA. 920 For this style Singer. Mr HIT We will send it to your HVJn Depot to be examined Ik - BUN fore you pay for it. If it is Wif nrM not as represented it can lie returned at our expense. Send a postal card for illus trated Circular. C. A. a CO. 17 N. Tenth St., Philaielphia. Julyl4-3m r A HE VICTOR Doubt* Hullar Clover Machine ba»wh>l«. Kn.ll wr M BJUJLTJ M NMB "rtjUw OhnlM taA en— KDUKIHQr mi>:u I'wtland, Mains. d«o3-ly VOL. XVII. CARPETS! OIL CLOTHS! MATS! RUGS' STAIR RODS = HEW STOCK! BEVT STOCK! > E- . | HECK & PATTERSON'S ; I NEW CARPET ROOM j M . NOW OPEN! 1 H _ ? On© Poop South oj their GUthmg fteus©,, c 2s H Dnfly'N Rlock, sept2o-tf It n tier. Pa. 'Z ijQOHHIVXS iS.LVK i SHJ,< >lO IIP iSIffdHYQ PERFECTLY SAFE IN THE MOST INEXPERIENCED HANDS I For Diarrhoea, Dysentery, Cramps, Cholera, AND ALL THOSE NUMEROUS TROUBLES OF THE STOMACH AND BOWELS SO PREVALENT AT THIS SEASON, No Remedy known to the Medical Profession has been in use so long and with such uniformly satisfactory results as FERRY DAVIS' VEGETABLE PAIN KILLER It Ims been used with such wonderful success In all parts of the world in the treatment of tlicne .J ulties, tiiat it has come to be considered W UNFAILING CURE FOR AU SUMMER COMPLAINTS a.. i i-h it really in when taken in time and according to the very plain directions indexing Lji-h bottle. I.i *u- ;i dl.cases. tho attack is urtially sudden and frequently very acute; liut wlih i: '.Te reiucJy lit hand lor immediate use, there la Klaom danger of the fatal rcbCilt v.Mch co r. Jlcn follows a few days' ceglect 'ilie Inclination to wait and see if the morrow does not bring a better feeling, not infrequently • r'-oJ.jij-. a va't amount of needless suffering, and sometime* costs a life. A timely uoie if ; itln Killer will alrao rt invariably save both, and with them tho attendant doctor's; fee. It l;ar ,toml the tost of forty years' constant nse in all countries end climate?, c.n-1 i.i r>crfe:t!7 safe in any parson's hand.". It !» rcconauicnOed by Physicians. Nurses in Hospitals, and persons of til classes r.nd pnfessions who have had opportunity for observing the wonderful resulta which have always i ill'jwed its use. THE BEST EVIDENCE: I h-re 1-nar vwl the modic'no known as PERRY D A VIK' V3OETABLE PALN KLTJ.EK in mj family in I r/ou! i net on any account be without it. Whon Uli laiz list epidemic here, I used no medicine ' f any ort but the Pain Killer, and although myself r.ad sere-al member* of my family were attacked ?7er jly. lam happy to zty thit the Pain Killer was ' iu-1 to eve.y emergency. I consider I should not i e doini rcyd ity to the community did I not eay tJi mu'-h. If' I vrere attacked by the Cho'era t'xla/. Pain Killer would be the only remedy I fhould uee 1 have thoroughly tested ft, and know It can b J .oliod on. F. E. BERGCfSEND, Galena. Illinois. No family can afford to be without It, and its price brings it within tho reach of all. The use of one bctlle will go further to convince you of its merits than columns of new® paper advertising. Try it, and you will never do without It Price 'Mc. jOc. and Sl.oo per bottle. You can obtain it at any drug-store or from PERRY DAVIS A SON, Proprietors. Providence, R. I. riuie oi II•• 1 «11ii k i'oi.rU. The several Courts of the conntv of Butler commence ou th<- flint Monday of March, June, September and December, and continue two weeks, or so long as n- canary to dispose of the business. No causes are put down for trial or traverse jurors summoned for the flriit week of the several terms. attorneys at la"u™ BUTLER, PA. ~ J. F. BRI IT AIN, Office with L Z Mitchell. Diamond. A. M. CUNNINGHAM, Office in Brady's Law Building. Butler, Pa.* SH. PIERSOLI ~ Office on N. K. coiner Diamond, Biddle build ing Jnovl2 JOHN M GREEK Office on N. E. corner Di\ . ond. novl2 WM H LIISK, Office with W 11. H Kiddle. E&T> NEWTON BLACK. Office on Diamond, near Court House, south Bide. ~~ E. L BKUQH, Office in Kiddle'* Law Building. "~8 F. bouserT Office in Riddle's Law Building [marß'7> J. B. McJUNKIN. Special attention given to collections Oillc opposite Wlllnrd House. JOSEPH It. BREDIN, Officii north-east corner of Diamond, Butler Pa. H. H. GOUCHER, Office in Sehneideroan's building, up staiis. j7l , .~i>only Office near Court House. r 74 W7 DTB RANDON, ebl7-76 Office In Berg's building CTXRKNIJE WALKER, ~ Office in Bredin building- mar!7—t FERD KEIBER, Office In Berg's new tiuilding, Main strect.apHly nr E AST• AN; Office in Bredin building. LEV. McQUlH'l ION; Office Main Mtreet, I door south of Court House JOS. 0. VANDKRLIN, Office Main door south of Court House Win A FORQUIiK, I3T Office on Main street, opposite Vogeley House. GEO li WHITE™ Office N. E. corner of Diamond FRANCIS B~~PURV7ANCE~" Office with Oen. J. N. Purviance, Main street, south of Court House. • J I) McJUNK IN~ Office in Scbnelderimn's liulldlntr, west side ol Maiu street, 2nd square from Court llouse. A. G~WILLI A MiT Office on Diamond, two doore west of CITIZK.N office. ap2o T C. CA^PBELU Office in Berg's new building, 2d floor, eau side Main at., a few doom south of Lown House. mar!V—t C A. & vi. SULLIVAN, may 7 Office S. W. cor ol Diamond. BLACK & BRO, Office ou Main street, one door south o Brad.v Block, Butler. Pa. (acp. 2, 1574. JOHN M MILLER & BRO. " Ofhoe in Brady's Law Building, Main street, south of Court House. Eoosmt O. MII.I.KH, Notary_Public. pin 4 ly THOMAS ROBINSON, ~~ BUTLER, PA. _ JOHN H. NEGLEY, •drQives particulai attention to transaction* IM real estate thronghont the county. OmcK ON DIAMOND, NKAK COUUT HOUSE, II CITIZEN RITILDINO K. K. KCKI.BT, KKN.NKDV MARSIIAI.I. (Lulu of Ohio.) ECKLEY & -MARSHALL. Office In Brady's Law Building. Sept.tt.74 C G CHRISTIE, Attorney at Law. Lcgnl business careful!) transacted Collections made uud promptly remitted. Busbies* correspondence promptly attended to and answered. Office opposite Lowry House, Butler, Pa. MISCELLANEOUS. McSWEENY & McSWEHNY, Smetliport and Bradford, Pa. M~~N MILES, Petroll'i, Butler county. Pa. |jn. 1 WILLI-\M R • ONN^ Office in Brawley House, GREECE CITY. |June7.l> M. C. BEN KulVi, janG tf "Petrolia, Butlwr co., Pa Mem PERRY DAVIS & CON: I know you need no test mcni; I to convnte ymi that your medicino in all th.it you claim lor it, Lut I cannot restrain the impui o to communicato to you the fact that ia my family it has truly cionti wtnd&av. I administer it to my children fonn eighteen ni nth*, ■nd the other three yearn old) vr.th perfect eu;-cci3. It regulates their bowels, end ttcpn 0.l diarr':s, 3 set Reeds. 2 Knee UilwAilO Swells. Stool, Book, only £S7.f>o. 8 Stop Organ. Stool, Hook, only JSIbTS. I'iano-, Stool, Cover, Book, $l9O to 4265. Illus trated catalogue free. Address apl4-3m W. C. M'NNELL, Lewistown, Pa Letter* of administrator having been granted to the undersign) d on the estate of George Vogan, dee'd, late of Worth township, I'utler county, Pa., notice i* hereby given to all those knowing themselves indebted to said estate, that immediate payment is required, and those having claims against the same to present them duly authenticated for payment. ADAM I*l BOR, Adrn'r. sep2fMJt Jacksville P. (»., Butler, Pa. The most complete institution in the United Slates for the thorough practical education of young and middle aged men. Students admit ted at any time. /F9- 1- or Circulars giving full particulars address J. C. .SMITH, A. M., «epli7:3m Pittsburgh df 7 ) WEEK. ♦l2 a - < asily made ■* Costly Outfit freu. Ad'ti est* 'IBUK A Co. Aoguiit*, Maine. deca-ly BUTLER, PA., WEDNESDAY, OCTOBER 13, I*Bo Correspondence. IN NEW YORK AND UP THE HUDSON. EDITOR CITIZEN.—To me the New York and Hudson are as charming as ever. Once every two or three years I like to visit and sail up that delight ful river. I suppose that most people know that in order to sail up the Hud son it is necessary to visit first the Metropolis of America, New York City, the home of one million, three hundred thousand souls, the richest city in the United States, having with in it some of the greatest men in relig ion and politics and also some of the worst men in the republic. New York surpasses any city that the wri ter has ever visited in its advantages in reference to foreign and home trade. New York is built on Manhattan Is land. which is at least 14 miles in length. The Hudson river flows along the western side of the city into New York Bay. which forms one of the finest barbers in the world. The en trance into this harbor is through what is called the "Narrows," about half a mile in width, where nature, with art combined, has formed a fortification on either side surpassed only by that of the British at Gibralter, making it im possible for any hostile ship to pass with safety into New York harbor. The visitor on entering New York City will notice £ circular building at the extreme south end of the city. This is Castle Garden, where all im migrants are landed and where the friendless are cared for until they find friends or a place to work. Into this place the writer was landed on the •29th of May, 1800, and in a few hours after took his first walk up Broadway. But what a change during those 14 years has came to the 'Empire City of the great republic. It i 6 true Broad way looks about the same as it did then. There is Trinity Church stand ing on Broadway, looking down on Wall street, the latter place being the great monpy market of the United States. We have been up in the tower of Trinity before, but let us go again. Climb up 283 feet, and as you go up be sure to notice the belfry. Here you see the chime-bells which so often delight the visitor with those solemn peals. At last you reach the highest standing place, where, if the day is clear, vou get a view that pas ses description. A city of one million, three hundred thousand souls beneath your feet. Across to the east is Brooklyn, the third city in rank in the United States. Across the Hudson is Jersey City. Whatever way you look you can see far beyoud the city. You see villages, stately mansions, to gether with bays anu rivers, present ing one of the finest views that the eye of man can behold. North of Jersey City is iloboken. Look to the ex treme north, aud near to the Hudson river there is Weehawken. It was there that General Hamilton fell in a duel with that notorious politican, Colonel Burr. They met at that place on the 11th of July, 1804, and Hamil ton fell dead at the first shot. Only a passing word can I give to the High Bridge, Bay Ilidge, Green wood, Prospect Park, Coney Island, Manhattan Beach. To-morrow we must visit Central Park, see the Obe lisk or Cleopatra's needle, old enough for any one to look at, ns it is only 3,500 years old. Here we are once more in Central Park. The Obelisk is the centre of attraction. On a little hill near the Museum of Art it is to be placed. Men are buisy at work but neither Jew nor Gentile dare come near to see. I was told none have been allowed within the sacred en closure since the first stone came from Egypt. The corner stone is not yet laid. It is to be laid on the 2d of October by Jesse B. Anthony, Grand Master of the Fraternity of Free Ma sons, and a grand display both of Ma sons and Knights Templar will take place. UP THE HUDSON. The Hudson river is about three hundred and twenty-five miles in length, and for beauty its banks are unsurpassed by any river in the Unit ed States. The Hudson is the most historic and classic river in America. I shall not weary my readers by tell ing them when and by whom the North river, as it is sometimes called, was first discovered. 1 propose to re fer to thetowns aud villages as we can see them from the deck of the Albany steamer—The western bank of the Hudson is guarded by the Palisade rocks. Theypresentaperpendieularwall some places as high as live hundred feet. We must pass by many places of interest as we go up the river, but we must not pass by that historic town on the east bank of the Hudson, twenty-six miles from New York. This is where we are going, like thou sands of other loyal American citizens. This is Tarrytown, so famed in the history of the American revolution, as the place where Paulding, Williams and Van Wert arrested Major Andre. The centennial anniversary of his cap ture is to take place to-day (Sept. 22d, 1880.) Tarrytown is a living mass of humanity ; about 50,000 civilians and 10,000 soldiers were present. Seldom in the life of a man is he permitted to see such a grand parade. Tha Hon. Samuel J. Tildon occu pied the chir. He looks quite feeble, but the citizens of New York seemed to be very proud of him. Prayer was offered up by Rev. Alexander Van Wert, a son of one of the captors. The historical oration was by Hon. Orlando B. Potter and the oration by Hon. Chauneey M. l)c|>ew. A grand concert is to be given this afternoon and to-night the display of lire works is to surpass anything that even a New Yorker can imagine. A few miles from Tarrytown is "Sleepy Hollow," where Ichabod Crane has his terrible encounter with the llessiau. The story is graphieally told by Irving in his Sketch Book, which contains the legend of "Sleepy Hollow" and Rip Van Winkle. Sing Sing is 31 miles from New York ; Cro ton 35. From this place New York is supplied with pure water. Peeks kill, 42 miles from New York, is per haps the most romantic place on the Hudson. It is the birth place of John | Paulding, the principal actor in Major Andre's arrest, and a man that could not be bought with British gole. Forty-eight miles from New York, on the western bank, is Buttermilk Falls. On the eastern bank is the famous garden and grounds of ex-Governor Fisk, where the writer did his first gardening in America. At Butter milk Falls is one of the finest hotels on the Hudson. Many of our Sabbath School childen will remember S. G. Roe's description of it in "Barriers Burned Away." The most romantic and classic place on the Hudson is West Point. The village of West Point and the U. S. Military Academy are situated on a level plain about 200 feet above tide water. The embank ments around West Point are more than a mile in circumference. Here the visitor can see many old Mexican guns, and in the Museum many an old tattered banner hangs, showing that American greatness has been the pro duct of patriotic men in the past. As we return to New York we are favored with political excitement. Daniel Dougherty and Ben Hill are among the great orators. The Senator from Georgia, having the best lungs, is heard in every corner of Tammanv Ilall. Our next place to visit is Long Branch, then Ocean Grove, and here jwe are at Sea Girt. We have three hours here and will spend them on the bea<'h. The hotels are all empty, not I even a dog is seen to bark at us. The only living thing near is a potato bug which must have traveled miles to get here ; it is within a few feet of low water mark, I suppose waiting for the next higher wave to bear it out to sea, hoping that by next spring it may reach the Irish coast, where it will have a milder climate and a peaceful home. My trip for the past week has been delightful. It has been made more pleasant by the company of my young friend Mr. J. S. Bard, who has traveled with me most of the time since I left Pittsburgh. He is most pleasing as a companion, and a great admirer of the beautiful and of the good. J. A. Menaul. VALUE OF ARCTIC EXPLORA TION. Many intelligent persons are una ware of the real value to the world of Arctic explorations. Some of us, iu fact, who should know better, find in the almost countless expeditions which within the last three hundred years have penetrated the far Northern seas a barrenness of results corresponding with the sterility of the cheerless field of research itself. The presumed ab sence of substantial gains to mankind in the investigations thus far made in that direction is regarded as holding out no promise of important discovery in the future. To not a few the whole thing looks like an enormous waste of time, money and life in the pursuit of chimeras. It may be well, therefore, to state a few of the results of Arctic voyages, to the end of showing that, even if they have not adequately com pensated their cost, they are not alto gether unfruitful of advantage. The mystery of the North Pole remains unsolved, but the magnetic pole has been found, and facts of no small im portance have been ascertained in as tronomy, geography, geology, geodesy, mineralogy, botany, zoology, meteorol ogy and the science of ocean currents. These are all of a practical character, and they constitute a valuable contri bution to human knowledge. Commer cially the results obtained even by the earlier maritime adventures were of immense consequence. The voyages of Hudson upward of 200 years ago opened out the whale fishery in the Spitzenbergen seas. The sealing in dustries and the fur trade are largely indebted to the Arctic navigators The great quest of a Northwest pas sage for shipping from the Atlantic to the Pacific, which inspired so much hardy and heroic effort, has indeed proved unavailing but it was the means of much incidental discovery that has been utilized. The Northern passage, however, has actually been found, and would be of the highest commercial value to the world at large were it not for the Suez Canal The opening of this canal gives to general commerce that short route to India which was the dream of navigators before Columbus, but the importance of Nordenskjold's route lies in the out let which it affords to the northern coast of Europe and Asia. The great Siberian rivers run north into the Arctic Sea. These mighty streams traverse forest lands and districts of great agricultual value. The lands they drain have but slight access to the outside world. The previous routes thither are so difficult that no com merce with them has been possible. The importance, therefore, of water ■ communication between the mouths of the Obi, the Yenesea and the Lena with the Atlantic on the one hand and the Pacific on the other can scarcely be overestimated. This single achievement of Arctic exploration opens half of one of the great divisions of the globe to com merce, and renders practicable the ex portation from vast regions heretofore almost hermetically closed, but remark able for their fertility, of agricultural, domestic and forest products, thereby giving tu their inhabitants the means of exchanging the productions of their soil for the industrial products of Eu rope and America. The inhabitants of this immense area are thus offered con ditions of comfort and •convenience which the poorest European ami Amer ican regards as indispensable. By the route now opened it will be possible to introduce on a large scale into the very heart of Siberia and Asia heavy ma chinery, agricultural engines, steam boats, and other appliances which con stitute nowadays the very levers of the civilization of a country. How muny a fond mother while combing her hoy's head has repeated the famous command of Joshua. The circulation of American news papers in Europe is increasing. Last year 8,000,000 copies went through the mails, nearly one-half going to Great Britain. INSOL VENT LA ITS. In seven of the thirty-eight States of Union—Alabama, Arkansas, Colorado, Florida, Tennessee, Texas and West Virginia—there are no insolvent laws. In California, New Jersey and Nevada the claims of both resident and non-res ident debtors are discharged upon the debtor makinu an assignment of all his property and giving notice thereof by publication. Iu Pennsylvania a debtor may make an assignment, but t'e claims of his creditors are not thereby discharged ; and the law is similar in Ohio, Kentucky, Delaware, Georgia Virginia, Illinois, lowa, Minnesota .ni.l Nebraska. On the other hand, the law in Wisconsin and Michigan discharge* a debtor from all his ebts upon his assigning all his property, except when fraud is discovered. In Kansas, Indi ana, Oregon, Maryland and Mississippi an assignment dots not discharge the debtor unless all the creditors consent. In Missouri an assignment by a debtor does not release him from his debts un less they are paid in full, or all the creditors consent to the debtor's dis charge. In North Carolina a debtor who makes an assignment without fraud being shown can be discharged from imprisonment, but his debts re main in full force. In South Carolina the assignment secures the debtor's re lease from imprisonment, but enly the claims of those creditors who accept a dividend from the debtor's estate are discharged. The law in Louisiana permits a debtor to surrender his prop erty and obtain a discharge from all bis liabilities upon the consent of a major ity of his creditors in number and amount The Massachusetts insolvent act is similar to the national bankrupt law, except that the discharge does not exempt the debtor, as did the United States law, from liability to civil pro cess and arrest in those States where debts may be due. The Vermont law is modelled on that of Massachusetts The Maine statute is also like the bank rupt act of 1867 in its leading provis ions. In Connecticut, upon petition of a creditor, foreign or domestic, whose claim is more than SIOO, a trustee is appointed to take charge of the debtor's estate, who sells the property, paying each creditor pro rata, but the estate must pay 70 per cent, to entitle the debtor to a discharge. In New Hamp shire a debtor may assign for the bene fit of bis creditors, but such assignment does not annul any prior mortgage or sale, dissolve any a tachment or bind a creditor who, within thirty days, sig nifies his dissent to any such assign ment. The law is in such shape, how ever, as to be of very little advant ge to either creditor or debtor. Under the Rhode Island law any debtor whose property has been attached or levied upon may, before the sale of the same, dissolve such attachment or levy by making an assignment within sixty days thereafter for the equal benefit of all his creditors. In New York a sworn inventory of his property must be filed by the debtor in order to obtain the benefit of the insolvent law, and hit assignment must be recorded. All creditors are privileged to examine the books and papers ; assignees must give bond and are subject to removal for cause upon the petition of creditors, and citation may be issued to all par ties interested. The County Court is empowered to examine all parties, to require accounts from assignees, to ad judicate payment of creditors pro rata, to discharge the assigner and his sure ty from liability on proof of a compro mise between the debtor and his credi tors, and to authorize the assignees, upon such composition, to release the assets to the debtor. A very considerable diversity will be discovered in this summary of the insolvent acts of the various States, and the points of divergence are more numerous than th He of similarity. Without expressing any opinion as to their relative wisdom and justice, it is manifest that the conveniuce of the business community would be materi ally aavanced by a substitution in their stead of a single Congressional act, uni form and certain in cperation, covering the whole ground of insolvency and bankruptcy.— Phila. Record. THE EFFECT OF MANUFAC TORIES. If the whole community were en gaged in raising food there would be no markets, excepting foreign ones, to which the surplus would be sent to lie exchanged for manufactured articles. But it is convenient and economical to have markets near to the producer to avoid the cost of carriage for long dis tances. This becomes very conspicu ously true and plain when a factory or other industrial enterprise is operated in a community of farmers; and it is beyond question that nothing more re joices a farmer than to see mills built and operated and a village growing within sight of his farm. The remark able growth of the manufacturing in dustry of the United Sta es c. nnot fail to have a most beneficial effect upon agriculture. One instance may sullice. I'aterson in New Jersey had in 1873, 30 silk manufactories within is limits. Its population was then about 30,000. Now it has 102 factories engaged in the silk industry, which employ 12,509 operatives, who earn in wages more than four million dollars ]>er annum, or SBO,OOO weekly, or more than $13,000 daily ; and which turn out an annual product valued at over twelve million dollars. The present population of that city is over .00,000. The farmers for miles around find a good market for their products there, and eager buyers for hard cash at prices considerably higher than are current at the not-far distant New York markets. Every where throughout Our land there aro such busy centers of industry springing up, which provide markets for agricul tural produce. These markets are dai ly increasing, and this fact'ougbt to be a matter for congratulation by farmers who are benefited, and by those who hope to be. The spread of noxious weeds is often owing to their undisturbed growth ou the public highways. A substitute for the fifteen puzzle is the conundrum whether a man cau marry his widow's sister. STORY OF A WILD MAN. A letter from Xew Castle, Pa., to the Pittsburgh Leader, contains the following: In the year 18 — there moved to this country from Germany a couple, man and wife, by the name of Harrier, who took up their abode in the east ern part of the State. They had several children born to them while in the east, and in the year 1820, they moved with their chil dren to this county and settled on a farm in the northern part, where one of their children, James, who is now eighty years old, resides. About three months ago the mother died at the ex treme a?e of 105 years. The family be ing «>f German decent, speak very lit tle English. At the time of the death of the old lady, many of the neighbors, taking advantage of the opportunity offered, visited the place, more through curiosity than from an honest sympa thetic motive, and many stories were current of the peculiarity of the family at large. The husband of Mrs. Harrier died some years ago at the age of 105 years, while his father, wh< lived in Germany reached the age of 115 years The eldest son is 80 years of age, and wields the axe and bandies the plow with as much vigor as any man in the neighborhood with but half the number of years. His hours of labor are from the rising of the sun to the going down of the same. William, the younger brother, is a wonderfully stranpre being. The story of this per son, which I shall reproduce, was re lated by one who had made special in inquiry concerning him of one of the members of the family, to the writer. While living in the East, William, whose aerry bushes in a stony section, about oue hundred yards from the road. To the main part of the house there has been attached a small shan ty, the door to which opens into the kitchen of the main building ; this is the winter quarters of the wild man. He always goes to his winter home re luctantly, and when occasion presents itself, breaks out and joins the com panions of his summer house, although this is very seldom, as a heavy bolt, i secures the door upon the outside. It caunot be said of this man, al though he knows nothing, that he does not enjoy life. In his dungeon he has a pleasant countenance, which shines out through his long straggly beard of half a century ; when at his liberty in the summer he capers about from place to place digging roots, and he and the animals of the farm form one common society. As we said be fore, the family live very secluded, and old men in the immediate neigh borhood say that, although they have been watching for this strange being for many years, they have failed to see him. He is very mischevious, and al ways has his eye open for |>assing strangers. Sportsmen who have been in the Harrier neighborhood and by a sudden turn in their pathway would come upon the man, would become frightened to such a degree that some have been known to faint away. No sooner had he become aware of the presence of strangers than he would start and run away with the greatest velocity. He always takes advantage of a chance to get uvvay from a strang er, but when brought face to face with them he is very offensive. For the sixty years the family have resided in this county William has never been known to once leave the immediate neighborhood. Before the death of old Mrs. Harrier there was said to have been living in this city a Mrs. Jenkins, who was a grand-daughter of the old lady, and at the same time being a grand-mother herself. GOATS WHO CHURN. The most striking feature of the dai ry ranch of F. S. Clough, in San Mat eo canon, is the new dairy house which Mr. Clough recently completed at a cost of $1,500. It is lSx.Sfl in ground dimensions, finished externally in rus tic style, and inside is as trim and cleanly as the thrifty housewife's "best room." The butter room, an apart ment 18x15 feet in dimensions, is as inviting as a parlor. The apparatus for handling the milk and making the butter is complete i;i every detail, and is designed throughout for the saving of labor. The churn holds fifty-two gallons of cream, and turns out from one hundred to one hundred ami twen ty pounds of butter at each churning. It is worked by goat power, the appli ances being a treading wheel eighteen feet in diameter, which connects with and operates a shaft runuing into the dairy house, and this in turn connects with cog wheels working the dashor. Mr. Clough says that the goats in oper ating the wheels indulge their natural propensities for climbing, and they apt-, ADVEBTIMffO BATES, One square, one insertion, f1; each scb»«4 qnent Insertion, 60 cents. Yearly advertisement* exceeding one-fourth of a column, #6 per inch. | Figure *or* doable these iaie«; addition*! charges where weekly or monthly cliacges tie made Local advertisements 10 "cents per line for flr»t insertion, and 6 cents per line for each additional insertion. Marriagee and deaths pub lished free of charge. Obituary notices charged a" advert laments, and parable when handed in Audit ore' Notices. t4 ; Executors" and Adminis trators' Notices, *3 each; Estray, Cantion and Dissolution Notices, not exceeding ten lines each. ' From the fact that the CmztN is the oldea* established and most extensively circulated Re publican newspaper in Butler oonuty. (a Reput lican county J it must be apparent to business men that it is the medium they should use lb advertising their business. NO. 46 1 y apply themselves to the worfc with great gusto. This herd consists of some eight or ten animals, ranging from the grandmother and old "Billy" with the whiskers down to the youngling not over a foot high. When released from their pens they one and all, great and small, run bleating for the wheel, and the only trouble to contend with there after is the excess of power which they are apt to give it in the course of their frolicsome gambols.— Los Angles Ex press. THE NATION AND STA TE. While Senator Bayard argues that the Democratic party is the hope of sound finance—as the Democratic re joicing over the supposed election of Mr. Plaisted in Maine probably proves —and while Speaker Randall gravely alleges that the Democratic party is the hope of economy—as the increased Congressional appropriations probably show, in the same manner—ex-Gover nor Seymour warns the country that the Democratic party is the party of constitutional union—as the late rebel lion probably established Mr. Sey mour's historical and miscellaneous discourses are always excellent, but his political speeches 9eem to us to be fallacious and strongly partisan, even with all their composure and candor. His recent speech at Utiea begins by a quotation from Mr. Schurz's speech at Indianapolis, which Mr. Seymour con tends must mortify the American peo ple and delight their enemies, because it implies that our government can now be administered only by an exceptional man, and has therefore failed. Now, as it appears to us, nothing could be more illogical than Mr. Seymour's de duction from the extract that he quotes —a deduction for which his object is to make the Republican party responsible. Mr. Schurz said, and it is undeniable, that the bucolic age of America is over. The rural republic of three millions of agricultural citizens, largely homoge neous, has given place to a vastly ex tended nation of fifty millions of people of every nationality, with immense and variou3 and contending interests and industries. Consequently, says Mr. Schurz, "the requirements of states manship demanded in this age are far different from those which sufficed a century ago." •This is a clear statement of a very simple and obvious truth. But Mr. Seymour insists that it implies despair and revolution, and that trouble or dif ficulty in public affairs is "due not to the character or structure of the gov ernment, but to the manner in which it is administered." But Mr. Schurz does not say or imply that tbe greater pressure issue arises from the fact that a coustitutionable republic is inade quate to the changed nat : onal condi tions, but simply that for the prosper ous management of complicated public affairs qualifications are required differ ent from those which could manage lea.- complicated interests. This is all that Mr. Schurz says. But Mr. Sey mour immediately gives battle to the centralizing and destructive heresies which he detects lurking in theso words. He attacks the idea of nation ality as connected with onr govern ment, and is evidently impatient of the word. He states that tbe dual nature of our system, and, as usual with rea soners of his political school, he insists upon the State as against the nation. It should be a warning to all who are inclined to depreciate the United States as a national republic, and to belittle our American national life, that Mr. Seymour is at once forced into the bald est Calhounism, and defends his posi tion by tLe unadulterated argument of secession. "When question? arise," says Mr. Seymour, according to the re port in the New York Herald, "as to the authority of the general govern ment, they should be decided accord ing to the letter of the law." Un doubtedly. Upon that point there never was any difference. The import ant question is, who is to decide? What says Mr. Seymour? "If this dots not solve the problems they should be turned over to the State authorities, if they are competent to deal with them." This is in substance the doc trine of the old Virginia and Kentucky resolutions of '9B. Wh®Q there is a difference of opinion between the na tional and State authorities, tbe State authorities, the State must decide. Mr. Calhoun and Mr. Hayne and the South Carolina nullifiers said that the State must be the judge of the infraction of the compact Jefferson Davis and the secessionists said no more. The jealousy of tho national govern ment which ifc taught by Mr. Seymour and the Democratic party found its log ical and naturul result in the rebellion. The Democratic political school regards every clear definition of national pow er, and all vigorous enforcement of it, us dangerous and destructive central ization. It teaches practical hostility to the national government as a foreign II nd menacing power. It is a narrow, belittling, and perilous doctrine. It implies that somehow tho people have less control of the national than of tho State government, while the fact is that the people craate both as their po litical agencies; that their relation to both, and their interest in both for their several purposes, are equally close and essential ; that a man is not lirst a citizen of Colorado, and then of tho United States, but that he is sim ultaneously and equally a citizen of both ; that an American has a national feeling and a patriotism as deep and fervent as those of any man in the world, and that they bind him prima rily not to Oregon and Nebraska, but to the country in which he was born, and whose institutions hare moulded him. Mr. Seymour is one of tho ablest and sincerest of Democratic leaders, and it is from such authorities that wa can best learn the spirit aud tendency of Democratic doctrines of tho govern* ment. Those doctrines are found in the resolutions of ; in the teachings of Calhoun and his followers, who were the true leaders of the Democrat ic party dowu to the outbreak of tho rebellion; in the debates of tho extra session upon election laws; and now in the speech of Mr. Seymour. Tbey are doctrines that foster the spirit which has been found fatal to the Union. Theoretically us well as practically th« Democratic ip the disunion party.