HUBIiURIPTIOM BATES: Per year, in advauco •! 80 Otherwise Ho anbecription will bo dincoutiiiued until *ll arrearage* are paid. Postmasters ueglectin* to notify nn when snlwcribcrs do not take onl their paiters will be held liable for the subscription. Subscribers removing from one poetotlice to another should give us the name of the former an well as the present office. All communications intended for publication n this paper must be accompanied by the real name of the writer, not for publication, but M a iniaraiitee of good faith. Marriage and death notices must be accompa nied by a responsible name. Address |VTILBR CITIZKV, BCTLEB. PA. I TRAVELERS' GUIDE. BCTI.ER, KARNB CITT AND PA.RKSR RAILROAD Trains leave Butler for St. Joe, Millerstown, Kama Oily, Petrolia, Parker, etc., at 7.27 a. in., and 2 85 and 7.25 p. in. Trains arrive at Butler from the above named points at 7.17 a. m., and 2.15, and 7.15 p. m. The 2.15 train connects with train on the West Pcnn roid through to Pittsburgh. AND ALLEGHENY RAILROAD. Trains leave HilllardV Mill, Butler county, for FlHrrisvllle, Greenville, etc., at 7.50 a. m. and 2.25 p. IU. .«■««. „ Trains nrrive at Hilliard A Mills at 1.45 A, M., and 5:55 P. M. Hacks to and from Petrolia, Mr.rtinabur*. Fairview, Modoc and Trontman, connect at iill- Jard with all trains on the 8 & A road. PENNSYLVANIA RAILROAD. Trains leave Butler (BuUer or PitUbnrgh Time.) Market at 506 a. m., goes through to Alle gheny arrivlnc at 9.01 a. in. This train con nects at Freeport with Frceport Accommoda tion, which arrives at Allegheny at 8.20 a. m., railroad time. , _ ~ Er-rrets at 7.21 a. m., connecting at Butler Junction, without change of cars, at 8.26 with Express west, arriving In Allegheny at ».5S a. m., and Express east arriving at Blairevllle at 11 00 a. m. railroad time. Mail at 2.36 p. m., connecting at Butler Junc tion without change ol care, with Express west, arriving in at 5-26 p. in., and Ex prcßi* cast arriving at Blairsviile Intersection at 6.10 p. m. railroad time, which connects w'th Philadelphia Express east, when on time. The 7.21 a. m. train connects at Blalrsville at 11 05 a. m. with the Mail east, and the 2.36 p.m. train at 6.5'J with the Philadelphia Ex press east. _ _ Trains arrive at Butler on Weft Penn K. R. at 0 51 a. fh., 5.06 and 7.20 p. m., B itler time. The 951 and 5.06 trains connect with trains on the Butler dc Parker B. R. Sun ay train arrives at Butler at 11.11 a. m., connecting with train for Parker. Main Line. Through trains leave Pittsburgh lor the Euft at 2.56 and 8.26 a. m. and 13 51, 4.21 ar.d 8.06 p. m arriving at Philadelphia at 8.40 and 7.20 p. in. and 3.00, 7 0 and 7.40 a. m.; at Baltimore ahont the same time, at New York three hours later, and at Washington about one and a hall hours later. PHYSICIANS] JOHN E. BYERS, PHYSICIAN AND SURGEON, niv2l-Iy] BUTLER, PA. " DENTISTST D ENTISTRY. 0 1/ WALDRON. (}n duate ot the l'hll- H adclphla Dental Collegers prepared • II •to do anything in the line of bis profession in a satisfactory manner. Office on Main street, Batle.r, Union Block, up stairs, apll LAND FOR SALE. FOR SALE. A liandsomfc six-room frame house, located on Klull street, northwestern part of Butler. L"t 50x176. All necessary outlmfldinirs. 1 EKMS—Ore-:hird cash and l>nlanee in four equal annual payments. Inquire at this office. jmMtf For teale. The well-improved farm of Rev. W. B. Hutch ison, in the northeatt corner of Middlesex town ship, Butler connty, Pa., is now offered for sale, low. Inquire of W. K FRISBEE, on the prem ises. ap!6tf FOB SALE. |5 will buy a one-half interest In a good bus iness in PitUbnrgh. One who knows some thing about farming preferred. An hone6t man with the above amount will do well to address l.v letter. SMITH JOHNS, care 8. M James, It:; Liberty street, PitUburijh, Pa. |au27-ly = INSURANCE. Incorporated 1819. /ETNA INSURANCE COMPANY OF HARTFORD, CONNECTICUT. Afets Losses paid In 01 years, $51,00.. ,000. J.T. McJI'NKIN A BON, Agents, jan3Bly Jcflerton etrect, Butler, Pa. ~"BUTLER COUNTY" Mutual Fire Insurance Co. Office Cor. Main and Cunningham Sts. G. C. ROESSING, PRESIDENT. WM. CAMPBELL, TREASURER H. C. HEINEMAN, SECRETARY. DIRECTORS: J. L. Purvis, E. A. Helmboldt, William Campbell, J. W. Burkhart, A. Trontman, Jacob Schoenc, Q. C. Roesslng, John Caldwell, Dr. W. lrvln, W. W. Dodds, J.W.Christy H. C. Helncman. JAS. T. M'JUNKIN, Gen, A*'t- BUTLER PA. HEIBT G. HAM', FINE HltUlf TIIIOR, COR. PENN ASD SIXTH STREETS. Pittsburgh, Pa B. Roessing, [Successor to A. C. Roessing 1 HECK & PATTERSON'S | f NEW CABPIT ROOM ! w INTOW OPEN! ' H • g ©tt© §o>uth th&fa Qlathing House* c Do fly'ft Bloolc, se P t2o-tf Butler, Pa. 2 I saOH HIYXS )Sf>nH iSXVW i SHIOIO IIP iSJ^cI>IYO Time of Holding Courts. The several Courts of tho county of Butler commence on the fltst Monday of March, Juno, September and December, and coutinne two weeks, or go long a« n. cessary to dispose of the biirines*. No causes are put down for trial or traverse jurors summoned for the firi-t week ol the several terms. ATTOIiNEVH AT LAW. BUTLER, PA. ~ ~J F. BRITT AI N\" Office with L Z- Mitchell, •.amond. A. M. CUNNINGHAM Office in Brady's Law Building. Butler, Pa. ' s7iiTPIEKSOK Office ou N. E. corner Diamond, Kiddle build ing Jnovl2 ~"JOHN M. GREER! Office on N. E. corner Diamond. novl2 WM. F1 LUSK, Office with W H. H Hi.Ulle. Esq. N E VVTON - BLXC K, Office on Diamond, near Court House, south side. ~E. I. BKUH'II, Office in Kiddle's Law Building. &T BOWSEK. Office in Riddle's Law Building- [marß'76 J. B. McJUNKm Special attention given to collections Oflk opposite Wlllard House. JOSEPH B. BREDIN, Office north-cast corner of Diamond, Bullet Pa. H. n. GOUCHER, Office in Schneideman'B building, up staiis. J.T.DON L Y Office near Court House. t 74 ~ w: i). BRANDON, ebl7-75 Office In Berg's building CLARENCE WALKER, Office in Brediu building* marl7—t FERD RE IBER, Office In Bern's new building, Main Btreet.aps)ly fTmTeastm an; Office in Bredin building. LEVTAFcQUISTI ON, Office Main street, I door south of Court House JOS.IL VANDERLIN, Office Main street, 1 door south of Court House. Wn A. FORQUEIi, ♦3" Office on Main Btreet, opposite Vogeley House. GEO.IT WHITE, Offioo N. E. corner of Diamond FRANCIS H PUItVIANCE^ Office with Gen. J. N. Purviance, Main Btreet, south of Court House. j. 1). McJUNKIN, Office In Schncideinau's building, west side ol Main street, 2nd sqnure from Court House. aTgTwiluams, ~ Office on Diamond, two doors west of Citizen office. ap2ti fT~c. campbelu ' Office in Berg's new building, 2d floor, eait Bide Main at., a few doors south of Lowrj House. mar3—tf O A. & M. SULLIVAN, 1 may 7 Office S. W. cor. of Diamond. BLACK & BRO., Office 011 Main street, one door south o Krady Block, Bullcr, Pa. (aep. 2, 1874/: JOHN ll MILLER, & BRO.'I Office in Brady's Law Buil-ling, Main street, sonth of Court House. Euoenk O. Mii-lee, Notary Public. jun4 lv THOMA S ROBITTSON\ " _ JOHN H. NEGLEY, (aTGives particular attention to transactioni -1B real estate throughout the county. OMCK OS Diamond, neab Cocut House, i> OrriZlN WPILDTNO E. R. Ecelet, Kennedy Marshall (Late of Ohio.) ECKLEY & MARSHALL. Office in Brady's Law Building. Seiit.ll,74 C G. CHRISTIE, Attorney at Law. Legal business carefully transacted. Collections made and promptly remitted. Business correspondence promptly attended to and answered. Office opposite Lowry House, Butler, Pa. MISCELLANEOUS. McSWEENY A McSWEENY, Smethport and Bradford, Pa. M. N. MILES, Petrolia, Butler county, Pa. |jn3 WILLIAM 11. CONN\ Office in Brawler House, GREECE CITY. |Juae7-ly M. C. jan6 tf Petrolia, Butler co., Pa HOTELS GRAND BOULEVARD HOTEL. Corner 59 1h St. d- Broadwqy, NEW IOHK On Both American and European Plans. Fronting on Central l';irk, the Crniid Boulevard, Broadway and Fifty-Ninth St., this Hotel occu pies the entire square, and was liuilt and fur nished at an expense of o\er BIUU.UOO. ft is one of the most elegant as well as being the finest lo cated in the city; lias a passenger Elevator and all modem improvements, and is within one square of the depots of the Sixth and Eighth Avenue Elevated If. It. cars and still nearer to the I! road way ears—convenient and accessible from all parts of the city. Rooms with board. 4 " per day. Special rates for famines and permanent guests. E. HASKELL, Proprietor. EITENMILLER HOUSE, On Diamond, near Court House, LUfLKB, PA. IL EITENMILLER, - - - PKOl'luetoe. This house has been newly furnished and pa pered. and the accommodations are good. Stabling in connection. ST. CHARLES HOTEL, On the European Plan 54 to 66 North Third Street, Philadelphia, - - - Pa. Single Rooms 50c., ?sc. and !?1 per day. O. It*. Schneck, Proprietor. Excellent Dining room furnished with the best, and at reasonable rates. for all Railroad Depots within a convenient distance. National Hotel, COIiTLANDT STREET, Neail Bit dway, NEW VOHK. IIOTCUKISS & POND, - - Prop'rs. ON THE EUROPEAN PLAN. The restaurant, ca?e and lunch room attached are unsurpassed for cheapness and excellence of service Rooms 50 its. to ?2 per day, $3 to JlO per week. Convenient to all ferries and city railroads. Nkw Fukmtubx, New Manage ment. janls-ly -pHE SBHEEIBEK HOUSE. L- NICKLAS, Prop'., MAIN STREET, BUTLER, PA. Having taken posefsion of the above well known Hotel, ami it bein" furnished in the best of style for the accomodation of guests, the public are respectfully invited to give me a call. I have also posfe-sion of the barn lu rear of hotel, which furnishes excellent staining, ac comodations for my pr.trons. L. NICKLAS. JAMES J. C'AMPHELL, Co«ants r Covuncv. Office in Fairvicw borough, in Telegrapii Office. janlS] Baldwin P. 0.. Butler Co., Pa. FKItIUH AUMOIt, Justice of tlie "Peace, Main etrcct, opposite Postolllcc, jlylO _ 2EHENOPLE, PA. Union Woolen Mills. I would desire to call tho attention of the public to the Union Woolen Mill, Butler, Pa., where I have new and improved machinery for the manufacture ol Barred and Gray Flannels, Knitting and Weaving Yarns, and I can recommend them as being very dura ble, as they are manufactured of pure Butler county wool. They are beautiful iu color, su perior in texture, and will bo sold at very low prices. For samples and prices, address, 11. FULLERTON. ju124,'78-ly) Bntler, Pa nT3 pf Q TT O 13 stops, 3 set Reedß, 2 Knee U llW.il.il W Swells, Stool, Book, only $87.60. 8 Stop Organ. Stool, Book, only £53.75. Pianos, Stool, Cover, Book. 4100 to $255. Illus trated cataloguo free. Address apl4-3m W. C. BUNNELL, Lewistown, Pa. Public Kale. The undersigned, surviving executor of Jacob Slianor, late of Centre township, Butler county, Pa-, dee'd, will fell at j üblic sale on the premi ses, iu Centre township, on SATURDAY, SEPT. 18th, 1880, at 2 o'clock p. m. of said day, the following property : Stventy-fivc acres of land, in Centre township, being that part of the farm of Jacob Hhanor, dee'd, lying east of the graded or Franklin road, about forty acres cleared and the rest in good timber, no buildings thereon. DANIEL SHANOB, juiy2B-4t Butler Pa. BUTLER, PA., WEDNESDAY, SEPTEMBER 8. 1880 THE OA ME OF -00." The game of "Go'' was invented by the Chinese Emperor Shun or his pre decessor about 1620 I>. C., and flour ished, in China especially, from about 300 B. C. to 400 A. D. A proof that these dates are not merely traditional is that the Chinese works of the second century before the Christian era refer to the game, comparing certain scenes in human life to Go It is recorded that, on one occasion, a Chinese Empe ror, who was at war with his nephew, proposed to settle the dispute by a game of Go, and that the offer was ac cepted. One pHVcr of those old days is specially mentioned. His memory was so great that, when a game was finished, he could throw down the board and replace all the pieces in their original position. This can be done by many .Japanese players at present, who think nothing of the feat. It is frequently mentioned by them, how ever, as a proof that man has increased in memory and brain-power, although it is probably due to more constant practice. Chess is generally believed to be the most ancient scientific game in the world ; but it is much more mod ern than Go. There is no evidence that modern chess was played before A. I). 500. It is now known that the chess in more ancient times was played with dice, and was consequently a game of chance rather than skill. A Kioto monk nomed Sansha was the most skillful player in Japan 600 years ago. He was also the first to es tablish a school where the game was taught. When Iveyasu became Sho gun, he established a Go academy, with this monk as chief teacher ; and all tbe celebrated players of the coun trv became officers of the school, with salaries paid by the Government. San sha changed his name to Honimbo. There were four other principal teach ers, the two most celebrated of whom were named Inouye and Yasui. These five before their "deaths each selected their best pupils, who succeeded to their positions and salaries, on condi tion that they also adopted the names of their respective teachers. Tbe player who is now recognized as the best is a gentleman named Mu rasse, residing in Tokio. lie belonged to the house of Inouye, one of the her editary players above mentioned, but having beaten the head of the house at plav, he set up a school for himself. His supremacy seems likely to be dis puted by a young man named Naka gws, whose system of play is said t« be very striking and ingenious. It is interesting to know that when a lead ing player has met his superior, or when he feels his faculties and skill growing weaker from old age and oth er causes, he retires from Go circles, and plays no more. The remainder of his existence is said to be very melan choly. His days and nights previous ly were devoted to the game, which he is thus forced to abandon, and literally, the light of his life has been extinguish ed. After the Restoration, for some years, the interest taken in western matters caused Go to be almost wholly neglected, but recently a wave of reviv al of the old game seems to be passing over the land, and it is again becoming popular chiefly among the official class es. All the Ministers play, Mr. Oku ma being credited with the most skill among them In the army and navy, also, it is the constant amusement of both officers and men. Mr. Korschelt thinks that almost every operation of modern warfare can find a counterpart in a game of Go: —attacks, retreats, sieges, strategic movements are all rep resented. Good Go players are also scarcer than good chess players, and the game requires more study and memory than chess. Japanese require three years' hard work to become fair players, and all great players are grey haired men. A Go-board contains 361 squares— nineteen squares in each row. The pieces are placed on the points where the lines cross each other, white and bluck pieces being laid down alternate ly. The obiect is to combine the stones of one color in such a manner as to in close within a chain as many vacant points as possible ; the player having most points so enclosed being the win ner. The opponent's pieces within such a chain are taken out and placed in his field ; while his chaiu, if he has com pleted one, may be surrounded, not on ly outside, but inside, and be removed completely in the same niauner as iso lated pieces. These are virtually the only rules of she game. As usual in many Chinese and Japanese books, an alogies are sought to be established be tween the game and things "in Heaven above, in the earth beneath, and in the waters under the earth." Thus there are 361 squares on the board. Taking one as a starting point, for the unit is the beginning of all things, we have 300 remaining, and are there not 360 degrees in tbe circle of the heavens ? The board has for quarters and the year four seasons; there are ninety days in a season, and ninety points on a quarter of tbe board. There are sev enty-two points around the edge of the board, and their are seventy-two divis ions in the year ; the pieces are black and white, so are day and night. A large literature exists on Go. The books generally contain examples of good games, studies on games between celebrated players, and problems just as in chess. In these latter the task is generally to destroy an opponent's chain from the inside. A mouthly pe riodical is also published by Mr. Mu rasse. He assembles leading players of his school once every month. Play commences early in the morning and sometimes a game last until the follow ing night, that is to say, thirty-six hours. These games are then publish ed in the magazine with criticisms of the moves, usually brief aud of the ex cathedra style, by the editor himself. It was the custom in former times for pupils iu the academy, when their course was finished, to travel about the country, challenging celebrated players and supporting themselves by teaching tbe game. This mode of livelihood was common also among poets, fencers and other specialists. Books contain ing the names of all Go celebrites were published; and the traveling player, coming to a town, knew at once with whom he could contend. There are at present about 300 players of the lowest rank, the number growing rapidly less as the rank becomes higher, until we reach the seventh, which contains but one player, Mr. Murasse, before men tioned The eighth and ninth ranks have been the highest, aud there have only been nine persons who have at tained these grades since they were first established. These ranks are pure ly a Japanese institution ; they are wholly unknown in China, but they have been copied in Loochoo.— Japan Mail. GALLOWS SPEECHES. If we are to accept the words of those who, dying on the scaffold are suppos ed to be in full possession of their sen ses till the last, and who at su£h a se rious moment are expected to be more truthful than at any other time of their lives, the angels keep very bad compa ny indeed beyond the confines of this wicked world and are not at all partic ular in whose society they are found. Murderers who have denied the laws of God and man aud outraged every better human instinct universally an nounce to the awe struck crowd gath ered about the gallows that though they art supposed to be going down to an unhallowed grave they are in reali tv about to soar upward on outstretch ed wings to constitute the latest addi tion to the angels and to speedily join the heavenly choir. Average men of honest and upright lives expect to find it exceedingly difficult, as a rule, to find their ways to this state of restful bliss, but to the mind of the criminal the ex change of a halter for a crown is evi dently to be counted on as a certainty, aud of such as they, according to their ideas, is the kingdom of heaven. What method of religious instruction is fol lowed that leads the mind of the crim inal to such lengths it is well to inquire. Any teachings in the cell of the con demned that will soften the hardened heart to repentance and moisten the dull eyes with tears of sorrow are to be commended, that the death of the man may be edifying ; but the practice of working him up to such a state of religious excitement as to cause him to announce the brilliant programme ar ranged for his reception beyond the grave is not alone a mistaken one, but is a mockery of religion. Robertson's death on the gallows lately in Texas is a case in point. It was the execution of a fellow who has committed at least nine murders, who fo'ught on both sides during the war, evidently for the pleas ure of bloodshed—he endeavored to stand on his war record, by the way, in his speech—who has helped more than has any other liviDsr American, probably, to lighten the labors of the census enumerators, and who for years has so conducted his life as to eminent ly fit himself for a place even hotter than his late jail quarters during the August days. But this one, like his fellows, announces where he may be found in future by inquiring friends. "Angels are waiting for him." If his word it to be taken, if his religious ad visers have not taught him wrongly, heaven is his. lie is so good as to designate whom he expects to meet there, and expressly stated that gentle men from Franklin township, against which he has a grudge, would not be of the pleasant company. The citizens of Franklin may feel somewhat depressed at this, but we think they had better take the chances after all, despite this advance news, But the dying speeches of Robertson will have done some good if they will be accepted as a warning to those reverend gentlemen in charge of the condemned that such teachings as result in these scenes outrage justice and are a scandal to religion. A NEW.COLONIZING SCHEME. In 1877.a company was formed in Boston with the name of "The Board of Aid to Land-Ownership." It pur chased a large tract of land in the Cum berland Valley, Tennessee, containing some 400,000 acres Its intention was to begin a grand scheme of colonization but the company soon came to grief financially, and its land passed into the hands of Englishmen. These latter were quick to see the good points of the scheme, aud a strong stock compa ny was formed, with a capital of $750,- 000 to carry it out Last week Mr. Thomas Hughes, with a number of those interested in the scheme, arrived in New York. This change of proprietorship has been accompanied by a change of plan. The Boston plan was intended to ben efit poor people, to relieve the tenement house class of our large cities, by put ting them in the way of buying a small farm and gaining a livelihood by agri culture. The English plan is for the benefit of the middle and upper classes. It is intended that the new colonists shall consist of the sons of well-to-do tradesmen, of men in the professions, and even younger sons of the nobility aml gentry, who find a career at home difficult on account of the great compe tition that prevails there. Some capi tal will be expected to be furnished by each colonist, There will be churches, school and other social advantages from the start. Railroads are to be built to the best markets, and there are abund ant mineral resources as well as rich arable land in the company's posses sions. While this enterprise is not, strictly speaking, a benevolent one, it will be watched with great interest. The ad dition to our population of a large body of cultivated, orderly and thrifty peo ple, constituting the best possible ma terial for citizenship, will be a great gain. Such a colony would be a nu cleus of a much larger Southern immi gration than has ever yet been known. What the South needs first of all is an addition of fresh blood and ample capi tal. These are not likely to come from the North, in the present state of feel ing between the two sections. And it is probable that English immigrants will be received with less prejudice, and accorded full political rights more freely, than if they came from the Northern States. It is not impossible that the true solution of the Southern question may be found in this direetiou. There are <59,875 registered votes in Allegheny county. HOW TO KEEP SHEEP PRO FITAItLY. There is a rapidly growing-demand for mutton and wool. We are too ready to consider our future markets as in comparison with the present only, for getting that we have just begun to supply a large foreign demaud for mut ton, that our home cousumption for meat is certain to increase largely, and that our woolen industry, only now in the first stage of development, needs every grade of wool, from the finest to the coarsest, to supply the require ments of a rapidly increasing and ex acting population. Unfortunately, it has been the habit with writers upon agricultural subjects (though not with agricultural writers) to mislead the public ignorantly upou the matters nertaining to sheep-keeping. They have "made believe" that, to succeed with sheep, one needs to have only a poor, barren field that produces noth ing but briers and weeds, and turn a flock into it, to secure the doubling of the investment every year and to change the barren field into a garden. This is a mistake, and has been a very costly one to many new beginners, who, of course, are the only persons who could be thus misled. For success and profit with sheep, one must choose wisely both his flock and his location. The one must match the other. He must know how to man age his animals, tender and ready to go astray as they are, and he must use his knowledge with tact and skill. There is nothing in all this that is diffcult to learn or to teach. Any boy or man with common sense and that can think and follow instructions may keep sheep as well as the man who has spent fifty years in herding them. Better, in fact; because your ancient shepherd is very apt to be prejudiced, and to think "that all knowledge dwells with him," so stupidly, some times, that he can neither learn nor forget anything nor accommodate him self to new ways and methods. In sheep-keeping, nearly everything is new in this country. They are new breeds and old breeds with new habits and newly formed requirements ; new necessities growing out of our chang ing methods of agriculture and new de mands of the markets. All these, as they come up, need to be studied aud learned, and the fresh knowledge ap plied to practice. In nearly every case that occurs, it is he who begins in a small way who grows up to a larger aud more suc cessful 1 business. They are new re cruits enlisting in this industry every day, who need to be started right and to be kept right; else how would the business grow, and how can these learn without a teacher ? Perhaps this Tact is not considered by those exces cessively practical men who think nothing can be learned from books or agricultural journals; and yet they themselves will talk by the hour to any one who is interested enough to listen. What these do verbally surely others may do by their pens. And the first thing to be impressed upon the mind of a man or a boy who would be come a shepherd would be to "make haste slowly;"to begin in a small way and extend as he learns to succeed A small flock can be kept anywhere upon the right sort of a farm. The only thing to avoid iu selecting the land for a flock is low, damp ground, with a pond of stagnant water in it. This is a fatal error. Disease lurks in such a spot. The feet become diseased, and disorders of the liver aud digestive or gans are sure to occur. Dry, high pas ture, with clear running water or wa tered from a well, is absolutely needed for liealthfulness in the flock; and dry, clean, airy yards and pens are equally necessary. Sheep will thrive better on a high, exposed knoll during a whole winter, without any shelter aud with but moderate food, than in a warm shed and a wet, filthy yard, with all the best food that can be procured for them and the most tender care and cod dling. To begin with, a few young healthy ewes are selected for the pur pose required, be it either mutton or lambs or wool. For mutton or lambs chiefly, and wool only secondarily, the common native sorts are the best; pre ferring those with brown or smutty faces aud fore-legs, these marks be token relation to the hardiest breeds — viz., brown-faced Cotswolds or the dark-faced "Down" breeds. They should have broad foreheads, small heads, broad backs, square level rumps, deep sides, and short, stout legs. These points show hardiness and a disposition to fatten or to bear large, healthy lambs. Fifty of these would make a sufficient flock for a hundred acre farm, where good care can be given to them; and 10 to 20 a handy little flock where the wastes from feed ing other stock, both in barn, yards, or pastures, will be the chief dependence. Mutton and market lambs should be the principal dependence for profit any where east of the Great West, where perennial pasture can be procured for next to nothing or where land is worth more than $lO per acre. East of the Mississippi river there are a few local ities where it will pay to keep a flock for wool alone ; perhaps the only ex ceptions being in some parts of the Tennessee and North Carolina tabie lands or mountain regions and in the piuey woods of Georgia, where the furnishes a cheap pasture age. Perhaps the most profitable man ner of sheep-keeping is to procure a well-selected lot of store sheep in the fall and feed them through the winter until fat, selling them for mutton as they are fit lor market. This invest ment brings two dividends. One is the enhanced value, which includes not only the actual increased weight, but the high market value per pound con sequent upon the better quality of the meat. This gives, or should give, a satisfactory profit for the feed and tbe labor. And, besides this, there is'the additional profit of a handsome pile ot very best manure, which may often be the larger of the two profits. A suggested remedy for tbe cabbage worm is a decoction of tanzy poured on the plants after they begin to head. Two applications are generally suffi cient. FACTS ABOUT CHEESE. Tbe Mobawk Valley has lost its rank as the centre of the cheese indus try of the United States. The new head centre is at Wellington. Ohio. The surrouuding country abounds in cheese and butter factories. The prin cipal cheese man in the State, Mr. 0. W Horr, has his establishment there, and it is one of the largest in the coun try. In a recent interview with a cor respondent of the Cleveland Leader, Mr. Ilorr reported a very active de mand for cheese at satisfactory prices. The home consumption has been great er this year than last, and the demand for export has been much increased. The April milk this year netted about 100 per cent, more than last year, the May milk about 80 per cent, more, the .lune fully 40 per cent more, and for July the estimate was 50 per cent, more than for last year. The prospet for the remaining four months was very good. The yield per cow has also been more than last year, though not quite so many cows have been milked. The chief American cheese districts comprise a small portion of New York, part ol the Western Reserve in Ohio, a few counties in Illinois, Kansas, Michigan, lowa, Vermont and Penn sylvania, and a good many counties in Wisconsin, New York, Ohio and Wis consin, lead in the order named. Wel lington, Ohio, is the largest country market, as shown by last year's statis tics. Little Falls and Utica, N. Y., stand next. Wellington shipped 1,500,- 000 pounds more butter and cheese than Little Falls last year, the total shipment amounting to about 9,000,- 000 pounds. During the past five years about 110,000,000 pounds have been export ed annually; the rest is consumed in the L : nited States. Most of that ex ported goes to Great liritian, which jn 1878 took over 120,000,000 pounds, and last year a much larger quantity. The foreign demand for American cheese is increasing, but not so raj.id ly as it did ten years ago. From 1860 to 1865, owing to the introduction of the cheese factory system in this country, the increase was tremendous. Since then it has not been so rapid, but it has been steady. The export this year has been larger than the last, but not so large as 1878. Commencing with the last week in May, there were exported during the following eight weeks of 1873, about 807,000 pack ages of cheese ; during the correspond ing weeks of 1879, about 528,000 pack ages, and of 1880, about 635,000 pack ages. The foreign trade in American cheese is almost exclusively for what is called factory cheese, and covers every grade and quality, from the poorest vkim milk cheeses to the richest full creams. The bulk of the poorest graded of cheese made in America goes to England, where the poorer classes use it in place of meat. Were it not for the market thus furnished for the cheaper grades of cheese the enormous May, Juue and July makes of Ameri can cheese would have to be thrown to the fishes or sold at nominal prices. The export of butter is also increas ing rapidly. During the past two or three years there is an increasing de mand for the very best creamery but ter. "We have within the past six weeks sold nearly $7,000 worth of the finest creamery butter to one Liver pool House," said Mr. Horr, "and such a sale a? this, until within the last three years, was unheard of in Ohio. This butter is shipped on a through bill of lading from Cleveland to Liverpool." N EW I NDUSTRV Foil I'KTROLBA. — The Pelr»Ua r Tuj>ic says: It will be re membered that some time ago the en terprising refining firm of J. L. Engle hart & Co. commenced the sinking of a well to the proposed depth of 2,000 feet, for the avowed purpose of testing the idea entertained that a hitherto un developed vein of petroleum lay far be neath the one at present worked at a depth of five hundred feet. The work on this 'deep well' hns been unremit tingly continued, and on Monday morning last, had reached a depth of I,lßft feet without developing anything specially novel. At this point, how ever, the drill plunged into a bed of pure salt, and up to the date of writing had bored through one hundred feet of this substance. THE BEST VEHICLE— An anecdote is told of a physician who was called to a foreign family to prescribe for a j case of incipient consumption. lie gave them a prescription for pills, and he wrote the direction: "One pill to be token three times a day, in any con venient vehicle." The family looked in the dictionary to get at the meaning of the prescription. They got on well un til they got to the word vehicle. They found "cart, wagon, carriage, buggy, wheelbarrow." After grave consider ation they caitie to the conclusion that the doctor meant the patient should ride out, and while in the vehicle he should take the pill, lie followed the advice to the letter, and in a few weeks the fresh air and exercise secured ad vantage which otherwise might not have come. A flower has been found in Northern Mexico that has a perfume like that of whisky ; and when a lot of prospectors from California got into a field where it grew, they were just wild with ex citement, until they found where the oder came from. An old Highland clergyman who had received several calls to parishes, asked his servant where he should go. The servant said : "Go where there is i most sin, sir." The preacher conclud ed that was good advice, and went where there was most money. Moxime Chaput, who has been the terror of householders at Montreal for weeks, has been captured. He perpe trated some of the most dating and suc cessful burglarief ever known in the Dominion, and when found had in his possession at his retreat, a cave some distance frofn town, a large quantity of plunder. He is little more than a boy, and a perusal of "Jack Sheppard" ; is supposed to have led him astray. ADVEBTISINti HATES, One square. one insertion, f 1 . each subs<>- quent tuscrtioii. 60 cents. Yearly advertisement* t-iccodinic oue-fourih of a column, 15 peruu.li. ' Figure work double these ratee: additional charge* where weekly or monthly changes. .-ie made Local adveitiseuMnts cents jtr lino for iii rt insertion, and 5 cente per line for eat li additional in ertiou. and deaths pub lished free of cfi*r;;o. Obituary notices cliarped aw adverti*i. ments. and )>ayahle when handed in Andit'Mn' Nmuvn. $4; Kxecutois' and Adminis trators' Notice*. *3 each; Estray, Caution alio Insulation Notices, not exceeding ten lines, each. From the fact that the CITIZRN is the oldes' «.-ttLitsliid aiivl mi'ct extensively circulated He publican newspaper in Butler county, (a Repub lican county) it must be apparent to h'lshiesb UiOn that it is the medium they should use in advertising their business. NO. 41 MANUFACTURE OF IIES4N AND TURPENTINE. The turpentine aud resin industry carried on at the South is much larger than probably most persons are aware. From the Manufacturer and Builder we glean the following account of the collecting of the gum and its conversion into a merchantable commodity : From Wilmington, N. C., southward and nearly all the way to Florida, the pitch pine trees, with their blazed sides, attract the atteution of the traveler. The lauds for long stretches are almost worthless, and the only industry, be yond small patches for coru or cotton, is the "boxing" of the pitch pine trees for the gum, as it is called, and tho manufacture of turpentine and resin. There are several kinds of pine trees, including the white, spruce, yellow, Iloumany, and pitch pine. The latter is the only valuable one for boxing, and differs a little from the yellow pine, with which it is sometimes confounded at the North. The owners of these pine lands generally lease the "privi lege'' for the business, aud receive about $125 for a crop, which consists of 10,000 "boxes." The boxes are cav ities cut into the tree near the ground, in such a way as to hold about a quart, and from one to four boxes tire cut in each tree, the number depending upon its size. One man can attend to nnd gather the crop of 10,000 boxes during the season, which last from March to September. About three quarts of pitch gum is the average production of each box ; but to secure this amount, the bark of the tree above the box must be hacked away a little every fortnight. Doing this so often, and for successive seasons, removes the bark as high as can easily be reached, while the quality of the gum constantly decreases, in that it yields less spirit, as the turpen tine is called, and then the trees are abandoned. The gum is scraped out of the boxes with a sort of wooden spoon, and at the close of the season, after the pitch on the exposed surface becomes hard, it is removed by scrap ing, and is only good for resin, produc ing no spirit. The gum sells for $1.50 a barrel to the distillers. From 16 barrels of the crude gum, which is about tbe average capacity of the stills, 80 gallons of turpentine and 10 barrels of resin are made. The resin sells for from $1.40 to $5 per barrel, according to quality, and just about pays for cost of gum and distilling, leaving the spir it, which sells for 40 cents a gallon, as the profit of the business. Immense quantities of resin await shipment at the stations along the line, and the pleasant odor enters the car windows as yon are whirled along. After the trees are unfit for further boxing, and arc not suitable for lumber they are sometimes used to manufac ture tar; but the business is not very profitable, and is only done by large companies, who can thus use their sur plus labor. The trees are cut up into wood, which is piled in a hole in the ground and covered with earth, and then burned the same as charcoal is burned elsewhere. The heat sweats out the gum, which, uniting with tho smoke, runs off through a spout provid ed for the purpose. A cord of wood will make two barrels of tar, which sells for $1.50 per barrel, and cots 37£ cents to make. The charcoal is then sold for cooking purposes. Carpet shaking will soon be in order. Tho Austrian Governmept has gone largely into the sponge-growing busi ness. Small pieces of sponge are fastened to a pile aud sunk into the sea, and are not long in developing into perfect sponges. "llow do you pronounce s-t-i-n-g-y?" the teacher asked the young gentleman nearest the foot of the class. And the smart boy stood up and said it de pended a great deat whether it applied to a man or a bee. Go to tbe head, young fellow. A Kansas City lodge of negro Ma sons turned out in full regalia, and armed with razors and revolvers, to attend the funeral of a murdered broth er. On the way to the house of mourn ing they encountered the murderer and undertook to kill him. A policeman succeeded in rescuing him, and the pro cession moved on. An Towa schoolmaster knocked down a hornost 1 nest, to use in illus trating a lecture; but, if the remarks he made immediately after, while kit ing across the country, were merely those lie intended to use in the lecture relative to the hornets' nest—and they certainly referred to the nest—the dis course was one totally unfit for people to hear. England invaded Afghanistan be cause Russia was obtaining too great influence over the Ameer. After a stubborn fight the Afghans were com pelled to yield, being abandoned by the Czar. England's occupation of the country has cost her $70,000,000 and thousands of lives. And now, af ter having held it eighteen months and set up a new Ameer, she finds her ex penditure of blood and tre isure in vain a portion of her troops overwhelmed in defeat, the remainder in great peril, and the man whom she has put on the throne at Cabul powerless to maintain his own position, much less to help his English friends. What a com mentary on British management, aud what a tribute to the courage, pug nacity and unconquerable independ ence of the Afghan people. "Got any matches?" asks Smith kins, stepping 1 into the grocer's. "Well, I hain't got anythin' else," re plies the niiin of pints ami pounds. "You may put me up half a dozen hunches," said Smithkins. "I'll ho after them presently.-" l*y and by he returns Handing the matches, the gro cer says, sweetly: "In that all to-day, sir?" "Why, no," Smithkins returns. "I did want ten pounds of sugar, and a barrel of flour, and a tub of butter, aud a few other things; but when 1 asked you if you had any matches, you said you hadn't anything else, so I bought the other things over to Herringbone's, across the way." You can fancy tho feelings of the grocer; but they cannot be described. He is very particular how he answers customers ever since that day.