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Per jnr, in tdrwiM
Otherwise ®
No subscription will be discontinued until all
trreuiiiwi are pant Poetmaetern neglecting to
rotifv on when subscriber! do not take out tueir
papers will be beld liable for the aubecription.
Subscribers removing from one oostoffice to
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as well aa the present office.
AH commnnicationa intended for publication
n thin paper moat be acoompanied by the real
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Marriage and death noticed muat be accompa
nied by a responsible name.
Addreaa BVTI'BR CITIZKM.
BCTLEB. PA.
TRAVELERS' GUIDE.
BBTLBR, KAHSA CITT AND PARKER RAH.KOAD
Trains leave Butler for 81. Joe, Millenstown,
Kr.rns City, Petrolia, Parker, etc., at 7.27 a. in.,
aud 2.25 and 7.25 p. m.
Train* arrive at Butler from tbe abore named
point* at 7.17 a. ra., and 2.15, and 7.15 p. in.
The 2.15 train connect* *ith tralu on tbe west
Penn road through to Pittsburgh.
DHKNAXOO AND ALLBOLLENT RAILROAD
Trains leave Billiard'* Mill, Butler county,
for HarrUville, Greenville, etc., at 7.50 X ID.
and 2J35 p. iq.
Tnina arrive at Hilliard'j Mills at 1:45 A. M.,
and 5:55 r. m.
Hacks to and from Petrolia, M-rtinfbur-.
Fairview, Modoc and Troutman, connect at Hil
taid with all trains on the 8 & A road.
TISXSSTLVAMA RAILROAD.
Trains leave Butler (Batlcr or Pittebnrgh Time.)
Market at 50« a. in., goes through to Alle
gheny, arriving at 9.01 a. in. Tbis train con
nects ai Preeport with Kreeport Accommoda
tion, which arrives at Allegheny at 8.20 a. in.,
railroad time.
Erprett at 7.21 a. m., connecting at Butler
Junction, without change of carp, nt 8.26 with
Exp.csa west, arriving In Allegheny at S>.sß
a. ID., and Exprcaa east arriving at BUiraville
at 11 00 a. m. railroad time.
Mail nl 2.36 p. in., connecting at Butler Junc
tionwithont change of cars, with Express west,
arriving in Allegheny at 52« p. in., and Ex
press cast arriving at Blnirsvlile Intersection
at 6.10 p. in. railroad time, which connects w'th
Philadelphia Kx press east, when on time.
The 7 -Jl n. in train connects at Blalrsville
at 11.05 a. QI with the Mail ixiat, and the
p. ra. train at «..VJ with the Philadelphia Ex
press e;ist.
Trains arrive at Butler on West I enn K. R. at
f1.51 a. m„ 50« and 7.20 p. in .Butler lime. The
11,51 and 5.06 traius connect with trains on
the Butler &. Parker 11. R. Sun ay train arrives
at Butler at 11.11 a. m., connecting with train
lor Parker.
Main Line.
Through trains leave Pittsburgh lor tbe Eat'-
at 2.5*5 and 8.28 a. ra. and 12 51, 4.21 ar.d S.Ofl p.
m., arriving at Philadelphia at 3.40 and 7.20
p. in. and 3.00, 7.0 and 7.40 a. ra.; at Baltimore
about tbe e.*.me time, at New York three hoars
later, and at Washington about one and a liall
hours later.
PH YSICIANS.
_ JOHJTE'BYERS,
PHYSICIAN AND SURGEON,
my2l-lyl BUTLER. PA.
DENTISTS:
DENTISTRY.
o|# WALDRON. Op doate ot the Pbil-
H adclpbia Dental Co!lege,i* prepared
■ I* sto do anything in the line of bis
profession in a satisfactory manner.
Office ou Main street, Butler, Union Block,
up stairs. apll
LAN L) FOR SALE."
FOR SALE.
A handsome six-rooin frame house, located
on Blnll street, northwestern part of Butler.
Lot 50*1711. All necessary outlmildlnsr*.
TERMB—Ore-third cash and Iwlance in four
equal annual payments. Inquire at this office.
jml4tl
For teale.
The well-improved farm of Rev. W. B. Hutch
ison, in the northeast comer cf Middlesex town
ship, Butler comity. Pa , is now offered for sale,
low. Inquire of W. K. FBLSBEE, ou tbe prem
ises. aplCtf
FOR BALE 7
$5 will buy a one-hall interest in a good bus
iness in Pittaburgh. One who knows some
thing about farming preferred. An honeat man
with tbe above amount will do well to address
by letter, SMITH JOHNS, care 8. M. James,
V'-i Liberty street, Pittsburgh, Pa. |au27-ly
INSURANCJfii
Incorporated 1819.
/ETNA INSURANCE COMPANY
OF HARTFORD, CONNECTICUT.
A*ctß *7.07*,224.49.
Losses psld In 11 years, $51,00(',000.
J. T. McJI'NKIN A HON, Agents,
jan2Bly Jefferson street, Butler, Pa.
BUTLER COUNTY
Mutual Fire Insurance Co.
Office Cor. Main and Cunningham Sts.
G. C. ROESSING, PBESIDBNT.
WM. CAMPBELL, TREASURER
H. C. IIEINEMAN, SKCRBTAKT.
DIRECTORS:
J. L. Purvis, E. A. Helmboldt,
William Campbell, J. W. Buikhart,
A. Trontman, Jacob Schoene,
O. 0- Roessing, John Caldwell,
Dr. W. lrvin, W. W. Dodds,
3. W. Christy H. C. Heineiuan.
JAS. T. M'JUNKIN, Gen. As't-
BUTLER PA.
HEIVRY li. HALE,
FIRE MERCHANT TAILOR,
COB. PENN and SIXTH STREETS,
fiUxhtirffh J'lt
13. Roe^ing,
[Successor to A. C. Itoeasing A Bro.]
DEALER IN
Groceries,
GRAIN, FLOUR, FEED, OIL,
—AND—
Anthracite Coal.
THE HIGHEST MABKET PRICE PAID IN
•0-CABH-W
FOB OBAIN OF ALL KINDS.
—pttf
PENSIONS!
the U. H. service. LAW EXPIRES JULY Ist,
IKBO, for ARREARS. PENSIONS INCREAS
ED. Thousands of Pensioners are rated too low.
BOUNTY AND NEW DISCHARGES PRO
CURED. Information freely given. Send
stamp for blanks. Address.
BTODDART & CO.,
Room f,St. Cloud Building, Washington, D. C.
Hotice Extraordinary.
Persons desiring to hare their Old Furniture
repaired, or New Work made to order, sneh as
Music Stands. Book Cases, Wardrobes, Office
Desks, Office Tables, Ac., would do well to call on
Jl. b. wilhon,
Practical Cablaet Maker.
I hold that a piece of furniture made by hand
i worth two made by machinery, and will oost
nut little more. If any. Then why not have hand
made ? Ail work made in the latest styles and
of the best material. I guarantee entire sat
isfaction in stvle, workmanship and prioe. Oive
me a call. Shop on Mifflin street, four doors
west of Main street, and opposite A. Troutman'e
■tore, Butler, Pa. eepl7-ly
BATTER & BAXTER,
livei;, Sale and Feed Stables,
BEAR OF VOOELEY HOUSE,
Jun9-3m BCTLEB. PA.
A r £> (ja per day at home Samples worth
s') 10 free. Aflflr— Bnaaov ft Co.,
Portland, Maine. deoMy
VOL. xvir.
BOOTS and SHOES
AL. RITFF'S
UNION BLOCK,
Main Street, - - - - Butler, Pa.
I have just received my entire Spring and Summer stock of BOOTS* and
SHOES direct from tie manufacturer, and am able to sell them at
OLD PRICES,
and a gTeat many lines at LOWER PRICES THAN E\ ER.
Ladies', Misses' and Children's Button, Polish and Side Lace Boots iu
endless variety, and at bottom prices.
Reynolds Brothers' celebrated fine Shoos always in stock, and is the most
complete I have ever offered. The prices are lower than ever, and styles
elegant.
Parties wanting BOOTS & SHOES made to order can do no better than
by me, as I keep none but the best of workmen in my employ.
LEATHER and FINDINGS will be found in my store in superior
quality and at lowest market rates.
goods warranted as represented. A¥j. RUFF,
CARPETSf OIL MATST RUGS' STAIR RODS
a NEW STOCK! NEW STOCK! >
H Hs
§ HECK & PATTERSON'S |
\ II CARPET ROOM j
M 3NTOW OPEN! "
•—
g Qit@ ©tf QNthtag q
55 Duffy's Block, aept2o-tf Batter, Pa. X
ISQOH HIVXS iSflflH iSXVW iSI 11,010 110 iSXBJHVO
Tlmc of HolUnlg Court.*.
The aevernl ConrtN of tlie conntv of I'atlor
commence on tbe flint Monday of March, June,
September and December, and coutinue two
weekii, or DO long a* n< ceDoary to diapoee of tbe
buaiuesti. No cauxex are pnt down for trial or
traverxe Jurors summoned for the Brut week of ,
tbe Hevetal term*.
ATTORNEYS AT LAW.
BUTLER, PA.
J. F. BRITTAIN
Office with L Z Mitchell. Diamond.
A. M. CUN NTNGII AMr
Office in brady'H Law Hnilding. Butler, Pa.
sTHTPIERSOL.
Office on N. E. corner Diamond, Itiddle build
ing Jnovl2
JOHN M. GREER.
Office on N. E. comer Diamond. nov!2
WM. 11. LUSK,
Office with W H. H. Huldie. Eaq.
~N EWTON BLACK,
Office on Diamond, near Court House, south
Hide. .
~K.~I. BKUGH,
Office In Kiddle'* Law Building.
" S. F. BOW SER.
Office in Riddle'* Law Building. [marft'76
J. B. McJUNKIN.
Special attention given to collection! Oiflc<
opposite Wlllard (Tonne.
JOSEPH B. BREDIN,
Ofllcw north-cast corner of Diamond, Butler
Pa. .
H. II GOUCIIER,
Office in Hchneidemairit building. apntaiiß.
~J. T. DONLY
Office near Court House. r 74
W. D. BRANDON,
ebl7-75 Office In Berg's building
CLARENCE WALKER,
Office in Brediu building' mar!7—t
FERD REIBETI
Office In Berg'anew building, Main otrect.upttl)
~FrM. EASTMAN,
Office in Bred in building.
LEV. MeQUISTION,
Office Main street, t door south of Court Honse
JOS. C. VANDERLI N,
Office Main street, 1 door south of Court ITonso.
Win A. FOKQUER,
•ar office on Main street, opposite Vogeley
House.
GEO. R WHITE,
Office N. E. corner of Diamond
FKANCIB B~PURVIANCE7 -
Oitice with Oen. J. N. i'urviance, Main street,
south of Court House.
~'i I> McJUNKIN7"
Office In Scbnt'ldemnn's building, west aide ol
Main street, 2nd square from Court Houee.
A. G. WILLIAMS,
Office on Diamond, two doors west of CITIZK*
office. ap26
T. C. CAMPBELL.
Office in Berg's new building, 2d floor, eant
aide Main at., m few doors south of Down
House. roar 3—tf
C A. & M. SULLIVAN,
may 7 Office S. W. cor. of Diamond.
BLACK & BRO.,
Office on Main street, one door south o.
Hrudy Block, Butler, Pa. (Sep. 2, 1574.
JOIIN M MILLER & BRO
Office in Brady's Law Building, Main street,
south of Court House. EUMKNE (1. M11.1.K8,
Notary Public. Jun4 ly
THOMAS ROBINSON,
BUTLER, PA.
JOHN 11. NEG LEY,
<STOi»ea particular attention to transaction*
IN roal estate throughout the county.
OmcE os DIAMOND, BEAK COUUT HOUSE, IN
OITIZEH «UH.DINO
E. K. Et'KMtr, KENNEDY MAHBUALL.
(Late of Ohio.)
ECKLEY A MARSHALL.
Office in Brudy's Law Hulldlug. Bept.tt.74
C G. CHRISTIE,
Attorney at L;iw. Legal business carefully
transacted Collections made and promptly
remitted. Bunlncsa correspondence promptly
attended to and answered.
Office opposite Lowry House, Butler, Pa.
MISCELLANEOUS^
McSWEENY & McSWEENY,
Hme.thport and Bradford, Pa.
M! N. MILES,
Petrolli, Butlf-r county, Pa. |)lt
WILLIAM R. CONN,
Office in Brawler House,
GREECE CITY. ||nn*7-ly
M. C BENEDICT,
jan6 tf Petrolia, Batler co., Pa
HOTELS
WILL A HDHOUSE,
Main street, near Court House,
BCTLEB, PA.
GEO. W. CAMPBELL, - - - PROPBIETOII
ti*'Good stabling in connection.
EITENMILLER HOUSE,
On Diamond, near Court HoufO,
DULLER, PA.
11. EITENMILLER, - - - PBOPBIKTOE.
This bouse has been newiv furnished and pa
pered. and the accommodations are good.
Stabling in connection.
ST. OIARLES HOTEL,
On the European !Plari
-54 to 66 North Third Street,
Philadelphia, Pa.
Single Rooms 50c., 75c. and $1 per
day.
O. jy. Sclmeck, Proprietor.
Excellent Dining room furniidjed
with the bent, and at reasonable rates.
fjgT"Car« for all Railroad .Depots
within a convenient distance.
National Hotel,
CORTLANDT BTiiEEx', NKAB BB DWAY,
NEW YORK.
IIOTCIIKISS k POND, - - Prop'rs.
ON THE EUROPEAN PLAN,
The restaurant, cufe and lunch room attached
are unsurpassed for cheapnet>N and excellence of
servioo Rooms 50 cts. to £2 per day, i'.l to $lO
per week. Convenient to all ferries and city
railroads. N*w I'UIIMTCUK, Ntw MANAGE
MENT. jan 15-1 y
-J-HK SBHREIBEIt IIOt'HE.
L NICKLAS, Prop'.,
MAIN STREET, BUTLER, PA.
Having taken putx-sion of tho above well
kcown Hotel, and it being furnished in tho
best of btyle for th« accomodation of guests, tbe
public aro rcspnetfnliy invit«d to ({ive me a call.
1 have also iKMscnon of the barn in rear of
hotel, which fuir.ishes excellent stabling, ac
comodations for ir.v p.itrons.
L. NICK I>AH.
JAMES J. CAMPBELL,
w"-
Office in Fairview l.orougb, iu Telegraph
Office.
j&nlO] BAI DM IM P. 0.. But.'er Co., Pa
FX-HtHIH Alt.MO It,
Justice of the "Peace,
Malu street, opposite Postofllee,
Jlylfi ZEI.IENOPLE, PA.
'
Union Woolen Mills.
I would desire to '-all the attention of the
public to the Union Woolen Mill, Butler, Pa.,
where I have new and improved machinery for
the manufacture of
Barred and Gray Flannols,
Knitting and Weaving Yarns,
and I can recommend them as being very dura
ble, as they are manufactured of pure Bntlor
county wool. They aro beautiful in color, su
perior in tcxturo. ami will be sold at very low
prices. For samples and prices, mldross,
H KULLERTON,
InlM.'W-ly) Butler. Pa
l i atop*, 3 set Reeda, 2 Knee
UriUAlllW Hwells, Htool, Book, only
4h7.f>o. H Htop Organ. Stool, Boole, only ♦ 5.1.75.
Pianos, Htool, Cover, Book. 4'90 to 4255. Illus
trated catalogue free. Address
apl4-.'!m W. C. BL'NNELL, Lewis!own, Pa.
Kale.
Tiio undersigned, surviving executor of Jacob
Hlianor, late of Centre towniibip, Butler county,
I'a*, dee'd, will sell at public sale ou the premi
ses, in Centre township, ou
SATURDAY, SEPT. 18th, 1880,
at 2 o'clock p. HI. of said day, the following
property :
Hoventy-five acres of land, iu Centre township,
being that part of tho farm of Jacob Hlianor,
dee'd, lying east of the graded or Krankliu road,
alsiut forty acres cleared and tbe rest in good
timber, no buildiugs thereon.
DANIEL HHANOR,
Jnly2»-4t Butler Pa.
ONI.T «!»
Fortius style Singer.
We will send it to your
MM De|sit to be examined be
fore you pny for it. If it IN
not as reprewnted it can be
tf returned at our exjMinse.
Send a postal card for illus
tra ed Circular. C. A.
x CO. 17 N. Tenth Ht., Philadelphia.
JuiyH-3in
BFTLEE, PA., AVEDKESDAY. AUGUST 25, 1880.
C. WATTLEY&CO
ARE DAILY RECEIVING
Fresh and Seasonable Goods!
SUCH AS
Spring Gloves,
Cotton and Lisle Thread Hose,
Fringes, Trimmings, Muttons,
Ribbons,
Laces, Embroideries,
Handkereh iefs,
Lace and Embroidered Ties,
Summer Underwear,
Elegant Neckwear for Men,
AND FULL STOCK OF
Ladies and Men's Furnishing Goods.
JsP~Our incre:u>ed Boom eualiU-s us to give pur
chasers the very best value lor their money.
C. WATTLEY&CO.
109 FEDERAL ST. ALLEGAENY CITY PA.
OPPOSITE FIRST NATIONAL RANK.
—THE—
Pittsburgh, Cincinnati & St, Louis
H4ILWAY CO.
IPSHIPDU ROUTE! I
N J,,,,,, | |»N L
Ofl'ers the best facilities :tn<l mon comfortable
and expeditioas Line for families
moving to jioiut-; in
KANSAS,
ARKANSAS.
TEXAS,
OOLOBADO,
HEBRAyK A,
CALIFORNIA,
OR ANY OF THK WESTERN STATES AND j
TERRITORIES.
THE VERY I-OWIVI KATES
TO ALL POINTS IN THE
WEST & SOUTH-WEST
CAN' ALWAYS BK SECURED VIA THE
OLD RELIABLE
PAN-HANDLE ROUTE.
Tickets Soid and Baggage Checked
THP.OUGH TO ANY POINT YOU WANT TO 00.
We oiler you the Lowest Kates, the Quickest I
Time, the liext Facilities and the most i-'ati.sfac- !
lory Route tn all points West and South-west. '
Wc run no Emigrant Trains. All classes of
Passengers are carried on regular Express
Trains.
If you are unable to procure Through Tick
ets to points in Missouri, Arkansas, Texas, Kan
sas, Colorado, Wisconsin, Minnesota, lowa, Ne
braska or California, by the direct "I'AN-II AN
DLK ROUTE," at your nearest Railroad Sta
tion, please address
W- O'Hvften,
Gen'l Passenger Agent, 'Pan-Handle I'oute,'
COLUMBUS, OHIO.
ir tm brc a tnan Vafjß I' 3'nu are i
ofmuu of let- Lv
■ eneo tht; Mtrfcja of «gK7 ta-rnt »Hii»rorerniJM-|
■ your <luliefl avoid tXI night woik. to rtn- E
■ fttixuuUnti and uvu mj torn brain tifrre and r
gg Hop Bitters. X «« Hop B. I
9 If JOII are } rniiif «n I B irifferiiiK frnm atij In P
dl cretluD or Uixiii'a 9 tioii, If you are mar- E
rl«<l or vinKl-*. old urm yountf, caDerlnc from P
IKSJI Ucalth or UuiKumti R lute on a U.<l of tick- f
urn rely on HopU Bitters.
Whoever ffp* Thonwndn die an- ■
whenever you feel lg nually f rorn ao<u« U
thai ye .i r nysteiu 3 form of Kidney B|
licwl« ( lcanslrtr. ton- that miKlit H
Inif or *tlmulatln :, » )| hare b; en pre.cnted H
without tnloxicutinji lM< ■> liy » timely use of ■
UU Hop HopOltters H
11-IV- tM. jUf i 'l*f I
prima, klitnrij 0. |. C. |J
1, l« an abaoluta ■
of Iho'XomacA. W I?nT> S/" 1 ,rrMl """ fl
1.1 HI J[' IW« tor ■
liver or nerves i I lIU |u™ of o""i,' 9
DITTCDP [narcotics I
Hop Bitters » f. f 11') M
Ifyonarealm- | J" 11 - ;V)ld by drag. 9
pi, weak and I M r./rn IfJ U. H*ndfor ■
lr*w spirited, try JJ NEVEK j Circular. U
it I It ma yj|]r-l || !| 801- BITTDU B
I FAIL I
B saved liun-Jj, jj! RtkmUr, l. Y. H
MRS. LYDIA E. FiNKHAM.
OF LYNN, MASS.
DISCOVEftEfI OP
LYDIA E. PINKHAM'B
VEGETABLE COMPOUND.
The Positive Cnre
For all Female Complaints.
Thla preparation, ai !t« tuimti •lfrnlflffl, conslita of
icote Invalid. U|»on ono trial tho cicrltfi of thta Co:a
I>oand will be rtoofnted, an relief IN iin?n«*<liato ; and
when ita uaeia continue*!, In ninety-nine ouciin a hun
dred, a permanent cure Is efTectedyaa thouHund« v/Ul U-+
tlty. On account of Iti proven merit i, it 111 «>-<!ny r»
commended and preacrlbod by tho ber.t pby»if ian« iu
tbe country.
It will cure entirely the worat form of fulling
of tho nteruii, JJ ucorrhu-a, IrrciruUr and i>a.i>ful
Monßtruatlr»n,all<>varlauTr<iul»h*H, Inflammation and
Ulceration, Flo<*dln(C". all Displacement* and tlie oon>
•eqnent spinal wtaknMi, and is e*j*M'iaDy a<UjiU <l to
the Clionife of Lift. It will dlmolv* and e*r"'l tumor*
from the uterunin an early *taK» of drroloiifu nt. Tlie
tendency Ut cancerous huzuors there i< chccLod very
■peedlly by iti use.
In fart it has proved to lie the groat
e«t ami beat remedy that has over been discover
ed. It permeates every portion of tho system, ami gives
new lifeand vigor. It removes falntneiw.Hatulency, d*>
stroys all craving for stUnulanta. and relieves WCALM-NR
of the stoino<-h
It euros IMoatlng, Headac-hoM, Nervous I'rowf ration,
Oeneral Debility, Sleeplessness, lx pre«u«lon and Inill
gent ion. That feeling of bearing down, causing pain,
weight and backache, la alway* fterauUM ntly etire«l by
lt« use. It will at all time*, and under 111 elrcumatan
ces, act In harmony with the law that governs the
female system.
For Kidney Complaints of either sex this compound
!■ unsurpassed.
Lydia E. Pinkham's Vegetable Compound
Is prepared at 233 ami V& Weatern Avenue, Lynn, Ma**
Trice £l-00. file bottles for $5.00. Bent by mail in the
form of pills, also In the form of Iy>xcng«*n, on receipt
of price, SI.OO, per bo*, for either. Mm. lINXIIA34
freely answers all letter* of Inquiry. Send for pew
phlet. Addre** as alcove Mrntitm thl* }Htj*rr.
No family should be without LYDIA K. PINKHAJT
LXVKK PXLLB. They cure ConstljsitU»n, DUiousness,
and Torpidity of the Liver. *h cents per bo*.
GEO. A. KELLY k CO., General
Agents, Pittsburgh, Pa.
Sold by D. 11. VVuller, - Butler Pa.
I " Outntt to agents of :i ilo/. fiwt wlllnn
{ lv" 1 Fj .irlicles, sent to every JK TMIII ans
werliii; tills adv., ami enclosing 4 HUmpH to
pay postage and Making. Tills Is honest. We re
fer tin- public to Postmaster, or any tiu»ltieiw liouite
In tins plaee. American ManulCotnpatiy,
Jun23-3in Franklin City. Mass.
j LETTERE FROM REV. ROB
ERT A. EDWARDS.
| We have been Lauded the following
letters from Rev. Robert A. Edwards
to his mother. They are interesting
and instructive :
GULF OF FINLAND, |
THURSDAY, July 2 < .ith, 1880. >
DEAR MOTHER :—Received your let
ter, of July 3rd, at Stockholm, on last
Tuesday morning. Am ga!d that the
prospects for harvest are so good.
We spent Sunday, Monday and Tues
day in Stockholm and environs, going
also to Upsala, the old capital of Swe
den. Near here are three mounds, in
which tradition says are buried the
three old gods, Odin, Thor and Freya,
after whom are named Wednesday,
Thursday and Friday. Here also is
the oldest church in Sweden ; its walls
are six feet thick. At Upsala we also
saw in the University what is called
the Codes Argenteus, being the oldest
manuscript copy of the Gospels in the
world.
Stockholm is a very bright, attrac
tive place. It is built upon nine islands
in Lake Malar which are connected by
bridges. Flocks of little steamers, not
much larger than the little fellow you
had on the Counoquenessing last Sum
mer, flit about in every direction with
their passengers ; they look very (ray
with their flags and bann'ers floating
by day and their red and green lamps
burning by night. We left there on
Tuesday evening last, and have since
been winding our way iu and out
among the thousands aud thousands of
green isles with which the Gulf of
Bothnia is dotted. The days have
been clear and warm, and the nights
brightened by the moon's cheerful light.
I met on the steamer yesterday Hon.
Dannfelt, who during the Centennial
was over the Swedish Department. I
had letters to him but had not present
ed them, partly from want of time and
partly because I met at our hotel Mr.
Hayden Edwards, U. S. Consul Gen
eral at St. Petersburg. He told me all
I wanted to know about getting to and
out of Russia. Mr. Dannfelt and I,
however, had long and pleasant talks
about Philadelphia. He had a recent
copy of the Public Ledger, which you
may easily believe 1 was glad to read.
He got oil' at Helsingfors, the capital
of Finland, where we arrived this
morning and stayed nearly all day re
ceiving and discharging cargo. Hel
singfors contains a grand and imposing
Lutheran Cathedral, seating 2,000 peo
ple, and a very odd looking, but beau
tiful Greek church, whose various
roofs are all painted white, giving it
the appearance of being covered with
snow as we lirst saw it.
We stopped most of yesterday at
Abo, another city of Finland contain
ing 20,000 people. This steamer, the
captain tells us, is the same that con
veyed General Grant from Stockholm
to Russia, though the Emperor sent
his Imperial railroad car to Abo for
him, the General preferred his quiet
sail among these numerous and pictu
resque islands. To-rnorrow at noon
we expect to reach St. Petersburg and
shall spend several days there.
ST PETERSBURG, August Ist.
We did not arrive here until yester
day morning at 7 o'clock. I wrote you
on the steamer Finland Thursday even
ing. That night a storm swept over
the Gulf aud knocked our boat about
like a cork, so the Captain took refuge
behind a Hmall inland, where we found
ourselves anchored Friday morning.
There were nearly a dozen of ships
and steamers keeping us company.
I am looking out upon the great Ca
thedral of St. Isaac, as I write from my
room in the hotel opposite. It is built
as are nearly all the Russian churches,
in the form of a Greek cross. Its mas
sive dome, formed of copper, overlaid
with gold, is burning and flashing in
the clear sunlight of this perfect sum
mer's day. It cost more than a million
of dollars to lay its foundations and is
one solid mass of glistening beauty.
Immense columns of marble support
the roof and dome, while porphyry mal
achite and lapis lazuli are to be seen
all around. The pillars in the chancel
part alone cost $150,000 dollars. The
Greek churches have no pews or organ,
nor have I as yet seen any pulpit.
This morning I went to the Greek
American church; there were six priests
officiating, done up in all sorts of col
ored vestments, and eight people wor
shipping—the worship consisting, ex
ternally, in numerous crossings and
bowings until the forehead rests on the
floor. The plaee was almost sickening
with the smell of incense. Then I look
ed in at the Kazan Cathedral, where
the Emperor attends, but found his pew
(the sole one there) empty. The same
kind of worship was going on there,
except that the monotonous drawling
of the priest was varied with sweet
outbursts of music from the little chor
ister boys, who stood rear tho altar,
dressed in a fancy regalia of blue and
gold. The devout worshippers buy
candles, which are passed over the
shoulders of the people till they reach
the uniformed sexton at the altnr. He
is engaged all the time of service rush
ing about from one candle stand to an
other—before the shrines—to light and
insert the candles. I was very glad to
get, at 11 o'clock, to the English
church, where we heard our own sweet
service, loadened down though it is
with prayers for the Queen and Royal
Family. There is no service this after
noon and so I spend my time writing.
There are a few Roman Catholic
churches here, one of which I entered ;
a young priest was preaching very
earnestly to a large congregation, most
ly of the poor. I was sorry I could
not understand him.
Our passports have just been return
ed to us. Every traveler has to give
them up to police headquarters on en
tering one of these cities. We leave
for Moscow on Tuesday, where we ex
pect to stay till after Sunday next. We
are very glad to l>e done with steamers
for a while and to be back to the conti
nent and railroads. I enclose a few
flowers, plucked in the polar circle,
which I forgot to send in my other let
ters. I hope to receive some more let
ters on reaching Moscow. Please send
me a paper or two. The only Ameri-
cau uews in the English papers is übout
a Dr. Tauner in New York or the priee
of stocks or cotton. Good-bye.
Yours ever, KOBT. A. EDWARDS.
LIABILITY OF EMPLOYERS.
The earnest discussion now going on
iu England over the Employer's Lia
bility bill pending in Parliament ma}-
well interest the people of this country.
The law which it is proposed to chancre
I affects employers aud workmen in every
i field of industry, and it is substantially
the same as the law of this country,
i When a train on an English railway is
[ wrecked through the carelessness of a
1 switch tender the company is liable in
■ damages to every passenger who has
lost his life. But if the engineer, fire
man or guard is maimed or killed the
compan} - cannot be made to pay a far
thing to the injured man or his family.
In other words, employers are liable to
strangers, but not to their workmen,
for injuries caused by the negligence of
an employee. This is a recognized
principle of law in England and the
United States, but it may be said to
be peculiar to these two countries. It
is not common on the Continent of Eu
rope, if indeed it is known there. In
| France, Germany, Belgium and other
countries the law holds an employer to
a strict accountability for the careless
ness of his workmen, and recognizes
no distinction between the claim of an
injured employee and that of a stranger.
The English and American rule has
been criticised as anomalous. But, un
like very many anomalies in the juris
prudence of these countries, it is not an
inheritance of early times, but is of re
cent origin. In the United States the
doctrine seems to have been announced
for the first time by the Supreme Court
of South Carolina in 1841, and in the
following year it was approved in an
elaborate opinion delivered by Chief
Justice Shaw, of the Massachusetts
Supreme Court. At tbis time little
had been he rtl of the theory in Eng
land, and it did not becou e a settled
principle of law in that co 'ntry until
1858, when it was affirmed by the
Honse of Lords.
The pending bill is not intended to
make a sweeping reform in the law.
It does not set aside entirely .the rule
that has grown up in the Courts, but
in certain specified cases it abolishes
the existing distinction between a
stranger by making employers liable
to both on equal terms. This distinc
tion, it is claimed, is unsound in princi
ple and unjust in operation. In de
fence of the existing law, it is argued
that workmen—railroad employes, for
instance—voluntarily assume the risks
of their employment while travellers
do not assume the risks of travel; and,
moreover, that the company's liability
to passengers is created by an implied
contract which does not exist between
the company and its survants. To
this the reply is made that workmen
no more assume the risk of accidents
arising from the carelessness of other
servants than do passengers, and that
the principle of liability to passengers
is not based on contract but is an ar
bitrary rule of law, since the liability
of the company extends in many cases
some who are not passengers and with
whom it has no contract. Lord Jus
tice Brain well has gone so far as to
condemn the whole principle which
holds employers liable for the negli
gence of their employes. This view
is not without plausibility. But while
employers arc bound to respond iu
damages to the general public for the
carelessness of their servants it seems
neither reasonable nor just to deny the
benefit of this rule to a workman on
other ground than that of common
employment. To hold a corporation
liable to a passenger, but not to a con
ductor, when both have been injured
without fault of their own, but through
the gross negligence of a switch tender,
is, to say the least, inconsistent. It
cannot be denied that tbe existing law
often o|K*ratcs unjustly against work
men. The proposed measure may be
open to criticism iu some of its feat
ures, but the general reform which it
seeks to accomplish must commend
itself to thoughtful and candid minds
DEATH OF EX-GO VEItNOR
• liIOLEIi.
CLKAIO'IELD, Pa., August 9.—Ex-
Governor Bigler died this morning at
ni no o'clock, of heart disease, aged
sixty-six years.
William Bigler, ex-Governor of
Pennsylvania, was born in Shermans
burgh, Cumberland county. December
4, 181 lie entered the Centre
Democrat office in 18:50, and remained
until is:j:s, when he removed to Clear
field, where be started th'j Clearfield
Democrat, which he continued until
1830. Ho married in 18."i7 a daughter
of A. B. Reed, of (Clearfield, by whom
he had five sons, three of whom are
now living. He disposed of his print
ing office when he married, ami en
tered into the lumber business with
his father-in-law.
In 184! he was elected to the State
Senate. In 1843 he was elected
S Speaker of the Senate and re-elected
in 1K44, and in the following October
i re-elected a Senator. In IH4B ho was
brought forward as a candidate for
Governor, but his rival, Morris Long
i streth, of Montgomery county, was
i nominated, and defeated at the polls
Iby William F, Johnston. In 1850 he
was appointed a Revenue Commis
sioner of the State. Iu 1851 he was
nominated for Governor and elected,
i He was renominated lor Governor in
1854, but defeated by James Pollock,
I the Native American candidate. In
j 1855, prior to the expiration of his
Gubernatorial term, he was elected
! president of the Phila.and Erie railway
! and at the same time the Legislature
elected him a Senator of the United
j States. While in the Senate he was a
member of the committee of thirteen
to whom the Crittenden Compromise
. was referred, and sustained its adop
tion. In 1K72-7M he was elected a
member of the Constitutional Conven
tion, and at the same time was a mem
ber of the Centennial Commission, in
which body his services were invalu
able.
j A Pittsburgh man is trying to live
twenty days on beer.
MEXTCA N RAIL ROA DS.
Of late one of the favorite topics of
conversation among eastern capitalists
has been the rival systems of railroads
which some philanthropic persons have
it in mind to build in one of our sister
republics. There are two distinct
schemes before the public—one known
as the the Boston and the other as the
Denver and Kio Grande. l)oth parties
are confident of success. Doth agree
that Mexico is the greatest mine of
wealth in the world. Doth are sure of
to the future peace and prosperity of
the country which they propose to im
prove, and both have the only real con
cession to build railroads in Mexico.
Hut to most persons in the Uuited
States the land of Montezuma and Cor
tes is a terra ignota, and, in the words
of the historian, omne ignotum pro
magnifico. The mines of Mexico are
undoubtedly very rich ; the soil is pro
ductive; the great differences in alti
tude enable the inhabitants to produce
the fruits of the torrid as well as those
of the temperate zone. But the inhabi
tants of the country are lazy ; the poli
ticians are treacherous and dishonest;
the Government is weak ; the country
is almost always in rebellion against
some one or other, and property has
none of the safeguards which render
investment of capital iu a new land ad
visable. Why, then, it is asked, should
we invest our spare funds in a land
where everything is uncertain, in
stead of using them in developing our
own great resources ?
There is one answer to this which,
although it will not recommend itself
to some persons, is still true. The
Credit Mobilier system can be worked
in Mexico much more eesily than here.
The profit to the concessionaires is
larger, and the less probability there is
of a profitable investment for the pub
lic, the greater chance the promoters
have of filling their own pockets.
President Diaz is undoubtedly a well
meaning and honest man, for a Mexi
can, but he has never hesitated to
grant a concession to any person whom
he wished to oblige. The Fifth Ave
nue Hotel contains as many Mexican
concessionaries as Lombard street, and
the Cafe de la Bourse can also show a
fair quota. In Mexico city half the
Chucos and Joscs that one sees play
ing billiards and drinking cervega iu
me Iturbide or the Cafe de la Concor
dia hn.ve their pockets stuffed with con
cessions which they are anxious to sell
to " losperfido Yankees." These con
cessions are worthless, unless Congress
approves of them, and getting things
through Congress is expensive in Mex
ico.
Hut let lis suppose that the Mexican
Congress has approved a concession
granted to American company. The
hatred begotten of fear is deep in every
Mexican's breast against the powerful
neighboring country. Kvery obstacle
is thrown in the Yankee's way. His
life is in constant danger; his pockets
are emptied evei'y day. Vexatious law
suits are brought against him ; he may
be kidnapped, buried under the floor
ing of a room, or escorted into the
mountains.
The only great railroad now in ope
ration in Mexico is the magnificently
constructed road from Vera Cruz to the
capital. It was built for the most part
with English capital, but the exact
cost <if it will never be known. During
the French occupation, millions of
Government money were spent upon
it. It is and will always be the great
outlet for Mexican produce ; yet so lit
tle business is done that one regular
train a day over the line is sufficient.
What is called a freight train "event
ual".—that is, a train which turns up
at a different hour every day—com
pletes the programme. No railroad
that can ever be constructed in Mexico
will equal this road in its possibilities,
yet the common itock is selling in
London at cents on the dollar, the
first preferred at 22$ cents, the second
prefered at cents, and according to
the officers of the road there is not the
slightest chance of a dividend being
paid for many years to come. Here is
what an intelligent Mexican lately
wrote about this road :
"Never did a line of railroad encoun
ter so many difficulties, or require so
long a time and so much money for its
coD.- lructiori. The number of years we
can count; we also know under how
many Governments (forty Presiden
cies) it passed, we might say suH'ered.
Hut how many lives and dollars did it
cost Quicn titibf ! We are told that up
to the .'JUili of June, 1874, it had cost
the (jovernment $12,573,G99."
There arc tit present two or (lire*;
Hliort roads running, out of tho city of
Mexico, one train 011 each more than
sufficing for .the business which is done.
Two or three Third avenue cars are
fastened together und a wheezing loco
motive drags them along a badly laid
and worse graded track. So great is
the danger from brigands that the last
car of every train carries a guard of
soldiers, generally more numerous
than tin! passengers. The country
through which it is proposed to build
the new roads is exeedingly mountain
ous, and would require an t normous
expenditure of capital for bridges and
embankment The floods <•(' the rainy
seasons will carry the embankments
awav unless they are very strongly
built, and the pronunciation will blow
up the bridges just for the fun of the
thing. lJesides, every time that a rev
olution occurs all parties raid upon the
cash boxes of the railroads, and the
working expenses depend more upon
the peace of the country than upon the
success of the corps or the price of
fuel.
As for any promises [undo by the
Government to aid in the construction
by granting a subvention of so much n
kilometre, it is only necessary to say
that Mexican three per cents are sell
ing at \ \((tj\\\, and the issue of isi',4
at ■ Would-be investors will do
well to remember these few facts, and
to take good care not to lie talked into
Mexican railroads by the interested
gentlemen who point out that securi
ties are too high here at home, and
that the plethora of money makes it
necessary to look for investments
abroad.
The weather grows sultry.
ADVEBTIBINO RATES,
One sqture, one insertion, <1 : each subse
quent insertion, 80 cents. Yeirlv advirtisementa
exceeding one-fourth of a column, f5 per u.i-b.
Figure work doable these rate*: additional
charge* where weekly or monthly chaoses are
made Local advertisements It) ce:«tb DM !.ne
for tirvt insertion, and 5 cents |>«r line for osth
vlditional insertion. Marriages and deaths pub
lishe.l free of charge. Obituary notices charged
&s *.'vert;~eraents, and payable' when handed in
Auditors' Notiow, #4 ; Executors' and Adminis
'rators' Notices. $3 each; Estrav, Caution an 4
Dissolution Notices, not exceeding ten lines,
»ach.
From the fact that the CITIZEX is the oldes l
established and moat extensively ciicniated lie
oubliean newspaper in Bntler county, (a Itepub
licau county; it most be apparent to business
men that it is the medium they should use in
advertising their business.
NO. 39
THE DOUBTFUL STATES.
EDITORS CITIZEN: —In regard to
those States,which are claimed as
doubtful in the coming Presidential
election, the following facts will be
interesting: 1. New York—Tildcn
carried New York in 1876 by 32,742
majority over Hayes. In 1879 Cornell,
11. w.as elected Governor over Robin
son, I), by 42,776 plurality ; Hoskins,
R. was elected Lieut. Governor over
Potter, I>. by 200 majority. 2. New
Jersey.—ln 1876 Tilden had 11,690
majority. In 1877 McClellan, 1). was
elected Governor over Newell, 11. by
12,746. The Legislature of 1880
stands: Rip. 48; Dem. 31 ; Ind. Dem.
2. 3. Indiana.—Tilden carried Indi
ana by 5,515 plurality. In 1876 for
Governor, Williams, D. had 5,084 over
Harrison The Legislature of 1879-80,
stands: Dem. 77 ; Rep. 62; Gr. 9; Ind.
1. 4. Connecticut.—Connecticut gave
Tilden 1,712 majority. For Governor
in 1878, Andrews, R. had 2,481 major
ity over Hubbard, I). At the State
election of November, 1876, for eleven
Senators, to hold their seats for two
years, nine Republicans and two Demo
crats were elected. 5. California.—ln
1876 Hayes had 2,805 majority over
Tilden. At the State election, Sept. 3,
1879, the Republicans elected the Gov
ernor, Lieut. Governor, Secretary of
State, Comptroller, Treasurer, Attor
ney-General, Surveyor-General, Supt.
of Public Instruction and Clerk of Su
preme Court by pluralities varying
from 20,318 to 26,886. The Legislature
of 1880-81 stands : Bep. 59 ; Dem. 19 ;
others 42. 6. Nevada.—Hayes had
1,015 over Tilden in 1876. Kinkead,
R. was elected Governor in 1878 over
Bradley, D. by 527 majority. The
Legislature stands: Rep 61; Dem., 14.
7. Oregon.—Oregon gave Hayes 1,057
over Tilden. The Republicans gained
a member of Congress in the late elec
tion, besides electing, the entire State
ticket by about 1,300 majority, and
gaining possession ol both branches of
the Legislature. 8. Florida.—ln 1876
Hayes carried the State by 926 major
ity The Legislature of 1879-80 stands:
Dem. 69; Rep. 35 ; Ind. 2 ; Vacancy,
2. 9. Virginia.—The vote for Presi
dent in 1876 was: Tilden 139,670;
Hayes 95,558. There are two sepa
rate Democratic electoral tickets in the
field now; and the Garfield electors will
be chosen unless the Democrats come
to.some agreement with each other. The
Legislature stands: Democratic Debt
payers 56 ; Democratic Re-adjusters
58; Republicans 26. The Republicans
hold the balance of power, and have
thrown it against the debt payers.
August 7, 1880. T. M. B.
A spoonful of stewed tomatoes in
the gravy of either roasted or fried
meats is an advantage.
The editor who calls on his girl the
oftenest attends the most Press excur
tions.
This world may only be a pill that
some time may aid the digestion of a
more gigantic planet.
Lemons.—To keep lemons fresh,
place them in ajar filled with water,
to be renewed every day or two.
Housekeepers may be glad to know
that a amonia in one
gallon of warm water will restore the
color of carpets.
To remove grease from wall paper,
lay several folds of blotting paper on
the spot and hold a hot iron near it un
til the grease is absorbed.
Those who object to tea-leaves for
sweeping the carpets can use freshly
cut grass instead. It answers the same
purposes for preventing dust, and gives
the carpet a fresh, and bright look.
Sick-headache can often bo greatly
relieved, and sometimes entirely cured
by the application of a mustard plaster
at the base of the neck. The plaster
should not be left on longer than a
quarter of an hour.
A girl just returned to Hannibal,
Mo., from a Boston high school said,
upon seeing a fire engiuo at work:
"Who would evah have dweamed such
a vewy diminutive-lookiug apawatus
would hold so much wattiih," —woe
cminah.
The harvest of spring wheat in Min
nesota began before the last week in
July, and a great crop is being gather
ed in. In a few of the southeastern
countries the chinch-bugs have done
much damage, but their ravages have
been mainly confined to that region.
II the present ex|»cctations are realized
the yield will exceed 35,000,000 bush
els, and perhaps reach 40,000,000.
The bulk of the wheat promises to bo
of the first quality, though much in
the southern part of the State will bo
of lower grade.
A little girl, not six years of age,
screamed out to her little brother, who
was playing in the mud :
' Bob, you good-for-nothing scamp,
come ritfht into the house this minute,
or I will beat you till the skin comes
off."
"Why, Angelina, Angelina dear,
what do you mean? where did you
learn such talk!" exclaimed the morti
fied mother who stood talking with a
friend.
Angelina's childish reply was a good
commentary upon this manner of
speaking to children.
"Why mother, you see we are play
ing, and he's my little boy, aud I am
scolding him just as you did mo this
morning; that's all."
Iced tea is a nice as well as a fash
ionable drink for Summer meals, but it
is not so generally understood that tho
best iced tea is not steeped in hot wa
ter. .lust try "steeping" it for a few
hours in cold water, using a little more
tea than for the hot beverage, and hav
ing it strong enough to be weakened
with ice water when it is served. Tho
llavor and effect are much better than
by the hot-water method. And, by the
way, the same plan is coming to bo
more recognized as tho best for tho
preparation of the herb teas used for
medical purposes, especially such as
thorough wort (boneset) and others,
which, steeped in hot water, produces
an unpleasant aud undesirable nausea.
Tliis effect is obviated by steeping in
cold water, and the tea can lie made
much stronger, and used to better ad
vantage.