BCIWCBIPTIOI BATES: Per jnr, in tdrwiM Otherwise ® No subscription will be discontinued until all trreuiiiwi are pant Poetmaetern neglecting to rotifv on when subscriber! do not take out tueir papers will be beld liable for the aubecription. Subscribers removing from one oostoffice to another rhonld give as the name of the former as well aa the present office. AH commnnicationa intended for publication n thin paper moat be acoompanied by the real name of the writer, not for pnblication, but as a guaiantee of good faith. Marriage and death noticed muat be accompa nied by a responsible name. Addreaa BVTI'BR CITIZKM. BCTLEB. PA. TRAVELERS' GUIDE. BBTLBR, KAHSA CITT AND PARKER RAH.KOAD Trains leave Butler for 81. Joe, Millenstown, Kr.rns City, Petrolia, Parker, etc., at 7.27 a. in., aud 2.25 and 7.25 p. m. Train* arrive at Butler from tbe abore named point* at 7.17 a. ra., and 2.15, and 7.15 p. in. The 2.15 train connect* *ith tralu on tbe west Penn road through to Pittsburgh. DHKNAXOO AND ALLBOLLENT RAILROAD Trains leave Billiard'* Mill, Butler county, for HarrUville, Greenville, etc., at 7.50 X ID. and 2J35 p. iq. Tnina arrive at Hilliard'j Mills at 1:45 A. M., and 5:55 r. m. Hacks to and from Petrolia, M-rtinfbur-. Fairview, Modoc and Troutman, connect at Hil taid with all trains on the 8 & A road. TISXSSTLVAMA RAILROAD. Trains leave Butler (Batlcr or Pittebnrgh Time.) Market at 50« a. in., goes through to Alle gheny, arriving at 9.01 a. in. Tbis train con nects ai Preeport with Kreeport Accommoda tion, which arrives at Allegheny at 8.20 a. in., railroad time. Erprett at 7.21 a. m., connecting at Butler Junction, without change of carp, nt 8.26 with Exp.csa west, arriving In Allegheny at S>.sß a. ID., and Exprcaa east arriving at BUiraville at 11 00 a. m. railroad time. Mail nl 2.36 p. in., connecting at Butler Junc tionwithont change of cars, with Express west, arriving in Allegheny at 52« p. in., and Ex press cast arriving at Blnirsvlile Intersection at 6.10 p. in. railroad time, which connects w'th Philadelphia Kx press east, when on time. The 7 -Jl n. in train connects at Blalrsville at 11.05 a. QI with the Mail ixiat, and the p. ra. train at «..VJ with the Philadelphia Ex press e;ist. Trains arrive at Butler on West I enn K. R. at f1.51 a. m„ 50« and 7.20 p. in .Butler lime. The 11,51 and 5.06 traius connect with trains on the Butler &. Parker 11. R. Sun ay train arrives at Butler at 11.11 a. m., connecting with train lor Parker. Main Line. Through trains leave Pittsburgh lor tbe Eat'- at 2.5*5 and 8.28 a. ra. and 12 51, 4.21 ar.d S.Ofl p. m., arriving at Philadelphia at 3.40 and 7.20 p. in. and 3.00, 7.0 and 7.40 a. ra.; at Baltimore about tbe e.*.me time, at New York three hoars later, and at Washington about one and a liall hours later. PH YSICIANS. _ JOHJTE'BYERS, PHYSICIAN AND SURGEON, my2l-lyl BUTLER. PA. DENTISTS: DENTISTRY. o|# WALDRON. Op doate ot the Pbil- H adclpbia Dental Co!lege,i* prepared ■ I* sto do anything in the line of bis profession in a satisfactory manner. Office ou Main street, Butler, Union Block, up stairs. apll LAN L) FOR SALE." FOR SALE. A handsome six-rooin frame house, located on Blnll street, northwestern part of Butler. Lot 50*1711. All necessary outlmildlnsr*. TERMB—Ore-third cash and Iwlance in four equal annual payments. Inquire at this office. jml4tl For teale. The well-improved farm of Rev. W. B. Hutch ison, in the northeast comer cf Middlesex town ship, Butler comity. Pa , is now offered for sale, low. Inquire of W. K. FBLSBEE, ou tbe prem ises. aplCtf FOR BALE 7 $5 will buy a one-hall interest in a good bus iness in Pittaburgh. One who knows some thing about farming preferred. An honeat man with tbe above amount will do well to address by letter, SMITH JOHNS, care 8. M. James, V'-i Liberty street, Pittsburgh, Pa. |au27-ly INSURANCJfii Incorporated 1819. /ETNA INSURANCE COMPANY OF HARTFORD, CONNECTICUT. A*ctß *7.07*,224.49. Losses psld In 11 years, $51,00(',000. J. T. McJI'NKIN A HON, Agents, jan2Bly Jefferson street, Butler, Pa. BUTLER COUNTY Mutual Fire Insurance Co. Office Cor. Main and Cunningham Sts. G. C. ROESSING, PBESIDBNT. WM. CAMPBELL, TREASURER H. C. IIEINEMAN, SKCRBTAKT. DIRECTORS: J. L. Purvis, E. A. Helmboldt, William Campbell, J. W. Buikhart, A. Trontman, Jacob Schoene, O. 0- Roessing, John Caldwell, Dr. W. lrvin, W. W. Dodds, 3. W. Christy H. C. Heineiuan. JAS. T. M'JUNKIN, Gen. As't- BUTLER PA. HEIVRY li. HALE, FIRE MERCHANT TAILOR, COB. PENN and SIXTH STREETS, fiUxhtirffh J'lt 13. Roe^ing, [Successor to A. C. Itoeasing A Bro.] DEALER IN Groceries, GRAIN, FLOUR, FEED, OIL, —AND— Anthracite Coal. THE HIGHEST MABKET PRICE PAID IN •0-CABH-W FOB OBAIN OF ALL KINDS. —pttf PENSIONS! the U. H. service. LAW EXPIRES JULY Ist, IKBO, for ARREARS. PENSIONS INCREAS ED. Thousands of Pensioners are rated too low. BOUNTY AND NEW DISCHARGES PRO CURED. Information freely given. Send stamp for blanks. Address. BTODDART & CO., Room f,St. Cloud Building, Washington, D. C. Hotice Extraordinary. Persons desiring to hare their Old Furniture repaired, or New Work made to order, sneh as Music Stands. Book Cases, Wardrobes, Office Desks, Office Tables, Ac., would do well to call on Jl. b. wilhon, Practical Cablaet Maker. I hold that a piece of furniture made by hand i worth two made by machinery, and will oost nut little more. If any. Then why not have hand made ? Ail work made in the latest styles and of the best material. I guarantee entire sat isfaction in stvle, workmanship and prioe. Oive me a call. Shop on Mifflin street, four doors west of Main street, and opposite A. Troutman'e ■tore, Butler, Pa. eepl7-ly BATTER & BAXTER, livei;, Sale and Feed Stables, BEAR OF VOOELEY HOUSE, Jun9-3m BCTLEB. PA. A r £> (ja per day at home Samples worth s') 10 free. Aflflr— Bnaaov ft Co., Portland, Maine. deoMy VOL. xvir. BOOTS and SHOES AL. RITFF'S UNION BLOCK, Main Street, - - - - Butler, Pa. I have just received my entire Spring and Summer stock of BOOTS* and SHOES direct from tie manufacturer, and am able to sell them at OLD PRICES, and a gTeat many lines at LOWER PRICES THAN E\ ER. Ladies', Misses' and Children's Button, Polish and Side Lace Boots iu endless variety, and at bottom prices. Reynolds Brothers' celebrated fine Shoos always in stock, and is the most complete I have ever offered. The prices are lower than ever, and styles elegant. Parties wanting BOOTS & SHOES made to order can do no better than by me, as I keep none but the best of workmen in my employ. LEATHER and FINDINGS will be found in my store in superior quality and at lowest market rates. goods warranted as represented. A¥j. RUFF, CARPETSf OIL MATST RUGS' STAIR RODS a NEW STOCK! NEW STOCK! > H Hs § HECK & PATTERSON'S | \ II CARPET ROOM j M 3NTOW OPEN! " •— g Qit@ ©tf QNthtag q 55 Duffy's Block, aept2o-tf Batter, Pa. X ISQOH HIVXS iSflflH iSXVW iSI 11,010 110 iSXBJHVO Tlmc of HolUnlg Court.*. The aevernl ConrtN of tlie conntv of I'atlor commence on tbe flint Monday of March, June, September and December, and coutinue two weekii, or DO long a* n< ceDoary to diapoee of tbe buaiuesti. No cauxex are pnt down for trial or traverxe Jurors summoned for the Brut week of , tbe Hevetal term*. ATTORNEYS AT LAW. BUTLER, PA. J. F. BRITTAIN Office with L Z Mitchell. Diamond. A. M. CUN NTNGII AMr Office in brady'H Law Hnilding. Butler, Pa. sTHTPIERSOL. Office on N. E. corner Diamond, Itiddle build ing Jnovl2 JOHN M. GREER. Office on N. E. comer Diamond. nov!2 WM. 11. LUSK, Office with W H. H. Huldie. Eaq. ~N EWTON BLACK, Office on Diamond, near Court House, south Hide. . ~K.~I. BKUGH, Office In Kiddle'* Law Building. " S. F. BOW SER. Office in Riddle'* Law Building. [marft'76 J. B. McJUNKIN. Special attention given to collection! Oiflc< opposite Wlllard (Tonne. JOSEPH B. BREDIN, Ofllcw north-cast corner of Diamond, Butler Pa. . H. II GOUCIIER, Office in Hchneidemairit building. apntaiiß. ~J. T. DONLY Office near Court House. r 74 W. D. BRANDON, ebl7-75 Office In Berg's building CLARENCE WALKER, Office in Brediu building' mar!7—t FERD REIBETI Office In Berg'anew building, Main otrect.upttl) ~FrM. EASTMAN, Office in Bred in building. LEV. MeQUISTION, Office Main street, t door south of Court Honse JOS. C. VANDERLI N, Office Main street, 1 door south of Court ITonso. Win A. FOKQUER, •ar office on Main street, opposite Vogeley House. GEO. R WHITE, Office N. E. corner of Diamond FKANCIB B~PURVIANCE7 - Oitice with Oen. J. N. i'urviance, Main street, south of Court House. ~'i I> McJUNKIN7" Office In Scbnt'ldemnn's building, west aide ol Main street, 2nd square from Court Houee. A. G. WILLIAMS, Office on Diamond, two doors west of CITIZK* office. ap26 T. C. CAMPBELL. Office in Berg's new building, 2d floor, eant aide Main at., m few doors south of Down House. roar 3—tf C A. & M. SULLIVAN, may 7 Office S. W. cor. of Diamond. BLACK & BRO., Office on Main street, one door south o. Hrudy Block, Butler, Pa. (Sep. 2, 1574. JOIIN M MILLER & BRO Office in Brady's Law Building, Main street, south of Court House. EUMKNE (1. M11.1.K8, Notary Public. Jun4 ly THOMAS ROBINSON, BUTLER, PA. JOHN 11. NEG LEY, <STOi»ea particular attention to transaction* IN roal estate throughout the county. OmcE os DIAMOND, BEAK COUUT HOUSE, IN OITIZEH «UH.DINO E. K. Et'KMtr, KENNEDY MAHBUALL. (Late of Ohio.) ECKLEY A MARSHALL. Office in Brudy's Law Hulldlug. Bept.tt.74 C G. CHRISTIE, Attorney at L;iw. Legal business carefully transacted Collections made and promptly remitted. Bunlncsa correspondence promptly attended to and answered. Office opposite Lowry House, Butler, Pa. MISCELLANEOUS^ McSWEENY & McSWEENY, Hme.thport and Bradford, Pa. M! N. MILES, Petrolli, Butlf-r county, Pa. |)lt WILLIAM R. CONN, Office in Brawler House, GREECE CITY. ||nn*7-ly M. C BENEDICT, jan6 tf Petrolia, Batler co., Pa HOTELS WILL A HDHOUSE, Main street, near Court House, BCTLEB, PA. GEO. W. CAMPBELL, - - - PROPBIETOII ti*'Good stabling in connection. EITENMILLER HOUSE, On Diamond, near Court HoufO, DULLER, PA. 11. EITENMILLER, - - - PBOPBIKTOE. This bouse has been newiv furnished and pa pered. and the accommodations are good. Stabling in connection. ST. OIARLES HOTEL, On the European !Plari -54 to 66 North Third Street, Philadelphia, Pa. Single Rooms 50c., 75c. and $1 per day. O. jy. Sclmeck, Proprietor. Excellent Dining room furniidjed with the bent, and at reasonable rates. fjgT"Car« for all Railroad .Depots within a convenient distance. National Hotel, CORTLANDT BTiiEEx', NKAB BB DWAY, NEW YORK. IIOTCIIKISS k POND, - - Prop'rs. ON THE EUROPEAN PLAN, The restaurant, cufe and lunch room attached are unsurpassed for cheapnet>N and excellence of servioo Rooms 50 cts. to £2 per day, i'.l to $lO per week. Convenient to all ferries and city railroads. N*w I'UIIMTCUK, Ntw MANAGE MENT. jan 15-1 y -J-HK SBHREIBEIt IIOt'HE. L NICKLAS, Prop'., MAIN STREET, BUTLER, PA. Having taken putx-sion of tho above well kcown Hotel, and it being furnished in tho best of btyle for th« accomodation of guests, tbe public aro rcspnetfnliy invit«d to ({ive me a call. 1 have also iKMscnon of the barn in rear of hotel, which fuir.ishes excellent stabling, ac comodations for ir.v p.itrons. L. NICK I>AH. JAMES J. CAMPBELL, w"- Office in Fairview l.orougb, iu Telegraph Office. j&nlO] BAI DM IM P. 0.. But.'er Co., Pa FX-HtHIH Alt.MO It, Justice of the "Peace, Malu street, opposite Postofllee, Jlylfi ZEI.IENOPLE, PA. ' Union Woolen Mills. I would desire to '-all the attention of the public to the Union Woolen Mill, Butler, Pa., where I have new and improved machinery for the manufacture of Barred and Gray Flannols, Knitting and Weaving Yarns, and I can recommend them as being very dura ble, as they are manufactured of pure Bntlor county wool. They aro beautiful in color, su perior in tcxturo. ami will be sold at very low prices. For samples and prices, mldross, H KULLERTON, InlM.'W-ly) Butler. Pa l i atop*, 3 set Reeda, 2 Knee UriUAlllW Hwells, Htool, Book, only 4h7.f>o. H Htop Organ. Stool, Boole, only ♦ 5.1.75. Pianos, Htool, Cover, Book. 4'90 to 4255. Illus trated catalogue free. Address apl4-.'!m W. C. BL'NNELL, Lewis!own, Pa. Kale. Tiio undersigned, surviving executor of Jacob Hlianor, late of Centre towniibip, Butler county, I'a*, dee'd, will sell at public sale ou the premi ses, in Centre township, ou SATURDAY, SEPT. 18th, 1880, at 2 o'clock p. HI. of said day, the following property : Hoventy-five acres of land, iu Centre township, being that part of tho farm of Jacob Hlianor, dee'd, lying east of the graded or Krankliu road, alsiut forty acres cleared and tbe rest in good timber, no buildiugs thereon. DANIEL HHANOR, Jnly2»-4t Butler Pa. ONI.T «!» Fortius style Singer. We will send it to your MM De|sit to be examined be fore you pny for it. If it IN not as reprewnted it can be tf returned at our exjMinse. Send a postal card for illus tra ed Circular. C. A. x CO. 17 N. Tenth Ht., Philadelphia. JuiyH-3in BFTLEE, PA., AVEDKESDAY. AUGUST 25, 1880. C. WATTLEY&CO ARE DAILY RECEIVING Fresh and Seasonable Goods! SUCH AS Spring Gloves, Cotton and Lisle Thread Hose, Fringes, Trimmings, Muttons, Ribbons, Laces, Embroideries, Handkereh iefs, Lace and Embroidered Ties, Summer Underwear, Elegant Neckwear for Men, AND FULL STOCK OF Ladies and Men's Furnishing Goods. JsP~Our incre:u>ed Boom eualiU-s us to give pur chasers the very best value lor their money. C. WATTLEY&CO. 109 FEDERAL ST. ALLEGAENY CITY PA. OPPOSITE FIRST NATIONAL RANK. —THE— Pittsburgh, Cincinnati & St, Louis H4ILWAY CO. IPSHIPDU ROUTE! I N J,,,,,, | |»N L Ofl'ers the best facilities :tn<l mon comfortable and expeditioas Line for families moving to jioiut-; in KANSAS, ARKANSAS. TEXAS, OOLOBADO, HEBRAyK A, CALIFORNIA, OR ANY OF THK WESTERN STATES AND j TERRITORIES. THE VERY I-OWIVI KATES TO ALL POINTS IN THE WEST & SOUTH-WEST CAN' ALWAYS BK SECURED VIA THE OLD RELIABLE PAN-HANDLE ROUTE. Tickets Soid and Baggage Checked THP.OUGH TO ANY POINT YOU WANT TO 00. We oiler you the Lowest Kates, the Quickest I Time, the liext Facilities and the most i-'ati.sfac- ! lory Route tn all points West and South-west. ' Wc run no Emigrant Trains. All classes of Passengers are carried on regular Express Trains. If you are unable to procure Through Tick ets to points in Missouri, Arkansas, Texas, Kan sas, Colorado, Wisconsin, Minnesota, lowa, Ne braska or California, by the direct "I'AN-II AN DLK ROUTE," at your nearest Railroad Sta tion, please address W- O'Hvften, Gen'l Passenger Agent, 'Pan-Handle I'oute,' COLUMBUS, OHIO. ir tm brc a tnan Vafjß I' 3'nu are i ofmuu of let- Lv ■ eneo tht; Mtrfcja of «gK7 ta-rnt »Hii»rorerniJM-| ■ your <luliefl avoid tXI night woik. to rtn- E ■ fttixuuUnti and uvu mj torn brain tifrre and r gg Hop Bitters. X «« Hop B. I 9 If JOII are } rniiif «n I B irifferiiiK frnm atij In P dl cretluD or Uixiii'a 9 tioii, If you are mar- E rl«<l or vinKl-*. old urm yountf, caDerlnc from P IKSJI Ucalth or UuiKumti R lute on a U.<l of tick- f urn rely on HopU Bitters. Whoever ffp* Thonwndn die an- ■ whenever you feel lg nually f rorn ao<u« U thai ye .i r nysteiu 3 form of Kidney B| licwl« ( lcanslrtr. ton- that miKlit H Inif or *tlmulatln :, » )| hare b; en pre.cnted H without tnloxicutinji lM< ■> liy » timely use of ■ UU Hop HopOltters H 11-IV- tM. jUf i 'l*f I prima, klitnrij 0. |. C. |J 1, l« an abaoluta ■ of Iho'XomacA. W I?nT> S/" 1 ,rrMl """ fl 1.1 HI J[' IW« tor ■ liver or nerves i I lIU |u™ of o""i,' 9 DITTCDP [narcotics I Hop Bitters » f. f 11') M Ifyonarealm- | J" 11 - ;V)ld by drag. 9 pi, weak and I M r./rn IfJ U. H*ndfor ■ lr*w spirited, try JJ NEVEK j Circular. U it I It ma yj|]r-l || !| 801- BITTDU B I FAIL I B saved liun-Jj, jj! RtkmUr, l. Y. H MRS. LYDIA E. FiNKHAM. OF LYNN, MASS. DISCOVEftEfI OP LYDIA E. PINKHAM'B VEGETABLE COMPOUND. The Positive Cnre For all Female Complaints. Thla preparation, ai !t« tuimti •lfrnlflffl, conslita of icote Invalid. U|»on ono trial tho cicrltfi of thta Co:a I>oand will be rtoofnted, an relief IN iin?n«*<liato ; and when ita uaeia continue*!, In ninety-nine ouciin a hun dred, a permanent cure Is efTectedyaa thouHund« v/Ul U-+ tlty. On account of Iti proven merit i, it 111 «>-<!ny r» commended and preacrlbod by tho ber.t pby»if ian« iu tbe country. It will cure entirely the worat form of fulling of tho nteruii, JJ ucorrhu-a, IrrciruUr and i>a.i>ful Monßtruatlr»n,all<>varlauTr<iul»h*H, Inflammation and Ulceration, Flo<*dln(C". all Displacement* and tlie oon> •eqnent spinal wtaknMi, and is e*j*M'iaDy a<UjiU <l to the Clionife of Lift. It will dlmolv* and e*r"'l tumor* from the uterunin an early *taK» of drroloiifu nt. Tlie tendency Ut cancerous huzuors there i< chccLod very ■peedlly by iti use. In fart it has proved to lie the groat e«t ami beat remedy that has over been discover ed. It permeates every portion of tho system, ami gives new lifeand vigor. It removes falntneiw.Hatulency, d*> stroys all craving for stUnulanta. and relieves WCALM-NR of the stoino<-h It euros IMoatlng, Headac-hoM, Nervous I'rowf ration, Oeneral Debility, Sleeplessness, lx pre«u«lon and Inill gent ion. That feeling of bearing down, causing pain, weight and backache, la alway* fterauUM ntly etire«l by lt« use. It will at all time*, and under 111 elrcumatan ces, act In harmony with the law that governs the female system. For Kidney Complaints of either sex this compound !■ unsurpassed. Lydia E. Pinkham's Vegetable Compound Is prepared at 233 ami V& Weatern Avenue, Lynn, Ma** Trice £l-00. file bottles for $5.00. Bent by mail in the form of pills, also In the form of Iy>xcng«*n, on receipt of price, SI.OO, per bo*, for either. Mm. lINXIIA34 freely answers all letter* of Inquiry. Send for pew phlet. Addre** as alcove Mrntitm thl* }Htj*rr. No family should be without LYDIA K. PINKHAJT LXVKK PXLLB. They cure ConstljsitU»n, DUiousness, and Torpidity of the Liver. *h cents per bo*. GEO. A. KELLY k CO., General Agents, Pittsburgh, Pa. Sold by D. 11. VVuller, - Butler Pa. I " Outntt to agents of :i ilo/. fiwt wlllnn { lv" 1 Fj .irlicles, sent to every JK TMIII ans werliii; tills adv., ami enclosing 4 HUmpH to pay postage and Making. Tills Is honest. We re fer tin- public to Postmaster, or any tiu»ltieiw liouite In tins plaee. American ManulCotnpatiy, Jun23-3in Franklin City. Mass. j LETTERE FROM REV. ROB ERT A. EDWARDS. | We have been Lauded the following letters from Rev. Robert A. Edwards to his mother. They are interesting and instructive : GULF OF FINLAND, | THURSDAY, July 2 < .ith, 1880. > DEAR MOTHER :—Received your let ter, of July 3rd, at Stockholm, on last Tuesday morning. Am ga!d that the prospects for harvest are so good. We spent Sunday, Monday and Tues day in Stockholm and environs, going also to Upsala, the old capital of Swe den. Near here are three mounds, in which tradition says are buried the three old gods, Odin, Thor and Freya, after whom are named Wednesday, Thursday and Friday. Here also is the oldest church in Sweden ; its walls are six feet thick. At Upsala we also saw in the University what is called the Codes Argenteus, being the oldest manuscript copy of the Gospels in the world. Stockholm is a very bright, attrac tive place. It is built upon nine islands in Lake Malar which are connected by bridges. Flocks of little steamers, not much larger than the little fellow you had on the Counoquenessing last Sum mer, flit about in every direction with their passengers ; they look very (ray with their flags and bann'ers floating by day and their red and green lamps burning by night. We left there on Tuesday evening last, and have since been winding our way iu and out among the thousands aud thousands of green isles with which the Gulf of Bothnia is dotted. The days have been clear and warm, and the nights brightened by the moon's cheerful light. I met on the steamer yesterday Hon. Dannfelt, who during the Centennial was over the Swedish Department. I had letters to him but had not present ed them, partly from want of time and partly because I met at our hotel Mr. Hayden Edwards, U. S. Consul Gen eral at St. Petersburg. He told me all I wanted to know about getting to and out of Russia. Mr. Dannfelt and I, however, had long and pleasant talks about Philadelphia. He had a recent copy of the Public Ledger, which you may easily believe 1 was glad to read. He got oil' at Helsingfors, the capital of Finland, where we arrived this morning and stayed nearly all day re ceiving and discharging cargo. Hel singfors contains a grand and imposing Lutheran Cathedral, seating 2,000 peo ple, and a very odd looking, but beau tiful Greek church, whose various roofs are all painted white, giving it the appearance of being covered with snow as we lirst saw it. We stopped most of yesterday at Abo, another city of Finland contain ing 20,000 people. This steamer, the captain tells us, is the same that con veyed General Grant from Stockholm to Russia, though the Emperor sent his Imperial railroad car to Abo for him, the General preferred his quiet sail among these numerous and pictu resque islands. To-rnorrow at noon we expect to reach St. Petersburg and shall spend several days there. ST PETERSBURG, August Ist. We did not arrive here until yester day morning at 7 o'clock. I wrote you on the steamer Finland Thursday even ing. That night a storm swept over the Gulf aud knocked our boat about like a cork, so the Captain took refuge behind a Hmall inland, where we found ourselves anchored Friday morning. There were nearly a dozen of ships and steamers keeping us company. I am looking out upon the great Ca thedral of St. Isaac, as I write from my room in the hotel opposite. It is built as are nearly all the Russian churches, in the form of a Greek cross. Its mas sive dome, formed of copper, overlaid with gold, is burning and flashing in the clear sunlight of this perfect sum mer's day. It cost more than a million of dollars to lay its foundations and is one solid mass of glistening beauty. Immense columns of marble support the roof and dome, while porphyry mal achite and lapis lazuli are to be seen all around. The pillars in the chancel part alone cost $150,000 dollars. The Greek churches have no pews or organ, nor have I as yet seen any pulpit. This morning I went to the Greek American church; there were six priests officiating, done up in all sorts of col ored vestments, and eight people wor shipping—the worship consisting, ex ternally, in numerous crossings and bowings until the forehead rests on the floor. The plaee was almost sickening with the smell of incense. Then I look ed in at the Kazan Cathedral, where the Emperor attends, but found his pew (the sole one there) empty. The same kind of worship was going on there, except that the monotonous drawling of the priest was varied with sweet outbursts of music from the little chor ister boys, who stood rear tho altar, dressed in a fancy regalia of blue and gold. The devout worshippers buy candles, which are passed over the shoulders of the people till they reach the uniformed sexton at the altnr. He is engaged all the time of service rush ing about from one candle stand to an other—before the shrines—to light and insert the candles. I was very glad to get, at 11 o'clock, to the English church, where we heard our own sweet service, loadened down though it is with prayers for the Queen and Royal Family. There is no service this after noon and so I spend my time writing. There are a few Roman Catholic churches here, one of which I entered ; a young priest was preaching very earnestly to a large congregation, most ly of the poor. I was sorry I could not understand him. Our passports have just been return ed to us. Every traveler has to give them up to police headquarters on en tering one of these cities. We leave for Moscow on Tuesday, where we ex pect to stay till after Sunday next. We are very glad to l>e done with steamers for a while and to be back to the conti nent and railroads. I enclose a few flowers, plucked in the polar circle, which I forgot to send in my other let ters. I hope to receive some more let ters on reaching Moscow. Please send me a paper or two. The only Ameri- cau uews in the English papers is übout a Dr. Tauner in New York or the priee of stocks or cotton. Good-bye. Yours ever, KOBT. A. EDWARDS. LIABILITY OF EMPLOYERS. The earnest discussion now going on iu England over the Employer's Lia bility bill pending in Parliament ma}- well interest the people of this country. The law which it is proposed to chancre I affects employers aud workmen in every i field of industry, and it is substantially the same as the law of this country, i When a train on an English railway is [ wrecked through the carelessness of a 1 switch tender the company is liable in ■ damages to every passenger who has lost his life. But if the engineer, fire man or guard is maimed or killed the compan} - cannot be made to pay a far thing to the injured man or his family. In other words, employers are liable to strangers, but not to their workmen, for injuries caused by the negligence of an employee. This is a recognized principle of law in England and the United States, but it may be said to be peculiar to these two countries. It is not common on the Continent of Eu rope, if indeed it is known there. In | France, Germany, Belgium and other countries the law holds an employer to a strict accountability for the careless ness of his workmen, and recognizes no distinction between the claim of an injured employee and that of a stranger. The English and American rule has been criticised as anomalous. But, un like very many anomalies in the juris prudence of these countries, it is not an inheritance of early times, but is of re cent origin. In the United States the doctrine seems to have been announced for the first time by the Supreme Court of South Carolina in 1841, and in the following year it was approved in an elaborate opinion delivered by Chief Justice Shaw, of the Massachusetts Supreme Court. At tbis time little had been he rtl of the theory in Eng land, and it did not becou e a settled principle of law in that co 'ntry until 1858, when it was affirmed by the Honse of Lords. The pending bill is not intended to make a sweeping reform in the law. It does not set aside entirely .the rule that has grown up in the Courts, but in certain specified cases it abolishes the existing distinction between a stranger by making employers liable to both on equal terms. This distinc tion, it is claimed, is unsound in princi ple and unjust in operation. In de fence of the existing law, it is argued that workmen—railroad employes, for instance—voluntarily assume the risks of their employment while travellers do not assume the risks of travel; and, moreover, that the company's liability to passengers is created by an implied contract which does not exist between the company and its survants. To this the reply is made that workmen no more assume the risk of accidents arising from the carelessness of other servants than do passengers, and that the principle of liability to passengers is not based on contract but is an ar bitrary rule of law, since the liability of the company extends in many cases some who are not passengers and with whom it has no contract. Lord Jus tice Brain well has gone so far as to condemn the whole principle which holds employers liable for the negli gence of their employes. This view is not without plausibility. But while employers arc bound to respond iu damages to the general public for the carelessness of their servants it seems neither reasonable nor just to deny the benefit of this rule to a workman on other ground than that of common employment. To hold a corporation liable to a passenger, but not to a con ductor, when both have been injured without fault of their own, but through the gross negligence of a switch tender, is, to say the least, inconsistent. It cannot be denied that tbe existing law often o|K*ratcs unjustly against work men. The proposed measure may be open to criticism iu some of its feat ures, but the general reform which it seeks to accomplish must commend itself to thoughtful and candid minds DEATH OF EX-GO VEItNOR • liIOLEIi. CLKAIO'IELD, Pa., August 9.—Ex- Governor Bigler died this morning at ni no o'clock, of heart disease, aged sixty-six years. William Bigler, ex-Governor of Pennsylvania, was born in Shermans burgh, Cumberland county. December 4, 181 lie entered the Centre Democrat office in 18:50, and remained until is:j:s, when he removed to Clear field, where be started th'j Clearfield Democrat, which he continued until 1830. Ho married in 18."i7 a daughter of A. B. Reed, of (Clearfield, by whom he had five sons, three of whom are now living. He disposed of his print ing office when he married, ami en tered into the lumber business with his father-in-law. In 184! he was elected to the State Senate. In 1843 he was elected S Speaker of the Senate and re-elected in 1K44, and in the following October i re-elected a Senator. In IH4B ho was brought forward as a candidate for Governor, but his rival, Morris Long i streth, of Montgomery county, was i nominated, and defeated at the polls Iby William F, Johnston. In 1850 he was appointed a Revenue Commis sioner of the State. Iu 1851 he was nominated for Governor and elected, i He was renominated lor Governor in 1854, but defeated by James Pollock, I the Native American candidate. In j 1855, prior to the expiration of his Gubernatorial term, he was elected ! president of the Phila.and Erie railway ! and at the same time the Legislature elected him a Senator of the United j States. While in the Senate he was a member of the committee of thirteen to whom the Crittenden Compromise . was referred, and sustained its adop tion. In 1K72-7M he was elected a member of the Constitutional Conven tion, and at the same time was a mem ber of the Centennial Commission, in which body his services were invalu able. j A Pittsburgh man is trying to live twenty days on beer. MEXTCA N RAIL ROA DS. Of late one of the favorite topics of conversation among eastern capitalists has been the rival systems of railroads which some philanthropic persons have it in mind to build in one of our sister republics. There are two distinct schemes before the public—one known as the the Boston and the other as the Denver and Kio Grande. l)oth parties are confident of success. Doth agree that Mexico is the greatest mine of wealth in the world. Doth are sure of to the future peace and prosperity of the country which they propose to im prove, and both have the only real con cession to build railroads in Mexico. Hut to most persons in the Uuited States the land of Montezuma and Cor tes is a terra ignota, and, in the words of the historian, omne ignotum pro magnifico. The mines of Mexico are undoubtedly very rich ; the soil is pro ductive; the great differences in alti tude enable the inhabitants to produce the fruits of the torrid as well as those of the temperate zone. But the inhabi tants of the country are lazy ; the poli ticians are treacherous and dishonest; the Government is weak ; the country is almost always in rebellion against some one or other, and property has none of the safeguards which render investment of capital iu a new land ad visable. Why, then, it is asked, should we invest our spare funds in a land where everything is uncertain, in stead of using them in developing our own great resources ? There is one answer to this which, although it will not recommend itself to some persons, is still true. The Credit Mobilier system can be worked in Mexico much more eesily than here. The profit to the concessionaires is larger, and the less probability there is of a profitable investment for the pub lic, the greater chance the promoters have of filling their own pockets. President Diaz is undoubtedly a well meaning and honest man, for a Mexi can, but he has never hesitated to grant a concession to any person whom he wished to oblige. The Fifth Ave nue Hotel contains as many Mexican concessionaries as Lombard street, and the Cafe de la Bourse can also show a fair quota. In Mexico city half the Chucos and Joscs that one sees play ing billiards and drinking cervega iu me Iturbide or the Cafe de la Concor dia hn.ve their pockets stuffed with con cessions which they are anxious to sell to " losperfido Yankees." These con cessions are worthless, unless Congress approves of them, and getting things through Congress is expensive in Mex ico. Hut let lis suppose that the Mexican Congress has approved a concession granted to American company. The hatred begotten of fear is deep in every Mexican's breast against the powerful neighboring country. Kvery obstacle is thrown in the Yankee's way. His life is in constant danger; his pockets are emptied evei'y day. Vexatious law suits are brought against him ; he may be kidnapped, buried under the floor ing of a room, or escorted into the mountains. The only great railroad now in ope ration in Mexico is the magnificently constructed road from Vera Cruz to the capital. It was built for the most part with English capital, but the exact cost <if it will never be known. During the French occupation, millions of Government money were spent upon it. It is and will always be the great outlet for Mexican produce ; yet so lit tle business is done that one regular train a day over the line is sufficient. What is called a freight train "event ual".—that is, a train which turns up at a different hour every day—com pletes the programme. No railroad that can ever be constructed in Mexico will equal this road in its possibilities, yet the common itock is selling in London at cents on the dollar, the first preferred at 22$ cents, the second prefered at cents, and according to the officers of the road there is not the slightest chance of a dividend being paid for many years to come. Here is what an intelligent Mexican lately wrote about this road : "Never did a line of railroad encoun ter so many difficulties, or require so long a time and so much money for its coD.- lructiori. The number of years we can count; we also know under how many Governments (forty Presiden cies) it passed, we might say suH'ered. Hut how many lives and dollars did it cost Quicn titibf ! We are told that up to the .'JUili of June, 1874, it had cost the (jovernment $12,573,G99." There arc tit present two or (lire*; Hliort roads running, out of tho city of Mexico, one train 011 each more than sufficing for .the business which is done. Two or three Third avenue cars are fastened together und a wheezing loco motive drags them along a badly laid and worse graded track. So great is the danger from brigands that the last car of every train carries a guard of soldiers, generally more numerous than tin! passengers. The country through which it is proposed to build the new roads is exeedingly mountain ous, and would require an t normous expenditure of capital for bridges and embankment The floods <•(' the rainy seasons will carry the embankments awav unless they are very strongly built, and the pronunciation will blow up the bridges just for the fun of the thing. lJesides, every time that a rev olution occurs all parties raid upon the cash boxes of the railroads, and the working expenses depend more upon the peace of the country than upon the success of the corps or the price of fuel. As for any promises [undo by the Government to aid in the construction by granting a subvention of so much n kilometre, it is only necessary to say that Mexican three per cents are sell ing at \ \((tj\\\, and the issue of isi',4 at ■ Would-be investors will do well to remember these few facts, and to take good care not to lie talked into Mexican railroads by the interested gentlemen who point out that securi ties are too high here at home, and that the plethora of money makes it necessary to look for investments abroad. The weather grows sultry. ADVEBTIBINO RATES, One sqture, one insertion, <1 : each subse quent insertion, 80 cents. Yeirlv advirtisementa exceeding one-fourth of a column, f5 per u.i-b. Figure work doable these rate*: additional charge* where weekly or monthly chaoses are made Local advertisements It) ce:«tb DM !.ne for tirvt insertion, and 5 cents |>«r line for osth vlditional insertion. Marriages and deaths pub lishe.l free of charge. Obituary notices charged &s *.'vert;~eraents, and payable' when handed in Auditors' Notiow, #4 ; Executors' and Adminis 'rators' Notices. $3 each; Estrav, Caution an 4 Dissolution Notices, not exceeding ten lines, »ach. From the fact that the CITIZEX is the oldes l established and moat extensively ciicniated lie oubliean newspaper in Bntler county, (a Itepub licau county; it most be apparent to business men that it is the medium they should use in advertising their business. NO. 39 THE DOUBTFUL STATES. EDITORS CITIZEN: —In regard to those States,which are claimed as doubtful in the coming Presidential election, the following facts will be interesting: 1. New York—Tildcn carried New York in 1876 by 32,742 majority over Hayes. In 1879 Cornell, 11. w.as elected Governor over Robin son, I), by 42,776 plurality ; Hoskins, R. was elected Lieut. Governor over Potter, I>. by 200 majority. 2. New Jersey.—ln 1876 Tilden had 11,690 majority. In 1877 McClellan, 1). was elected Governor over Newell, 11. by 12,746. The Legislature of 1880 stands: Rip. 48; Dem. 31 ; Ind. Dem. 2. 3. Indiana.—Tilden carried Indi ana by 5,515 plurality. In 1876 for Governor, Williams, D. had 5,084 over Harrison The Legislature of 1879-80, stands: Dem. 77 ; Rep. 62; Gr. 9; Ind. 1. 4. Connecticut.—Connecticut gave Tilden 1,712 majority. For Governor in 1878, Andrews, R. had 2,481 major ity over Hubbard, I). At the State election of November, 1876, for eleven Senators, to hold their seats for two years, nine Republicans and two Demo crats were elected. 5. California.—ln 1876 Hayes had 2,805 majority over Tilden. At the State election, Sept. 3, 1879, the Republicans elected the Gov ernor, Lieut. Governor, Secretary of State, Comptroller, Treasurer, Attor ney-General, Surveyor-General, Supt. of Public Instruction and Clerk of Su preme Court by pluralities varying from 20,318 to 26,886. The Legislature of 1880-81 stands : Bep. 59 ; Dem. 19 ; others 42. 6. Nevada.—Hayes had 1,015 over Tilden in 1876. Kinkead, R. was elected Governor in 1878 over Bradley, D. by 527 majority. The Legislature stands: Rep 61; Dem., 14. 7. Oregon.—Oregon gave Hayes 1,057 over Tilden. The Republicans gained a member of Congress in the late elec tion, besides electing, the entire State ticket by about 1,300 majority, and gaining possession ol both branches of the Legislature. 8. Florida.—ln 1876 Hayes carried the State by 926 major ity The Legislature of 1879-80 stands: Dem. 69; Rep. 35 ; Ind. 2 ; Vacancy, 2. 9. Virginia.—The vote for Presi dent in 1876 was: Tilden 139,670; Hayes 95,558. There are two sepa rate Democratic electoral tickets in the field now; and the Garfield electors will be chosen unless the Democrats come to.some agreement with each other. The Legislature stands: Democratic Debt payers 56 ; Democratic Re-adjusters 58; Republicans 26. The Republicans hold the balance of power, and have thrown it against the debt payers. August 7, 1880. T. M. B. A spoonful of stewed tomatoes in the gravy of either roasted or fried meats is an advantage. The editor who calls on his girl the oftenest attends the most Press excur tions. This world may only be a pill that some time may aid the digestion of a more gigantic planet. Lemons.—To keep lemons fresh, place them in ajar filled with water, to be renewed every day or two. Housekeepers may be glad to know that a amonia in one gallon of warm water will restore the color of carpets. To remove grease from wall paper, lay several folds of blotting paper on the spot and hold a hot iron near it un til the grease is absorbed. Those who object to tea-leaves for sweeping the carpets can use freshly cut grass instead. It answers the same purposes for preventing dust, and gives the carpet a fresh, and bright look. Sick-headache can often bo greatly relieved, and sometimes entirely cured by the application of a mustard plaster at the base of the neck. The plaster should not be left on longer than a quarter of an hour. A girl just returned to Hannibal, Mo., from a Boston high school said, upon seeing a fire engiuo at work: "Who would evah have dweamed such a vewy diminutive-lookiug apawatus would hold so much wattiih," —woe cminah. The harvest of spring wheat in Min nesota began before the last week in July, and a great crop is being gather ed in. In a few of the southeastern countries the chinch-bugs have done much damage, but their ravages have been mainly confined to that region. II the present ex|»cctations are realized the yield will exceed 35,000,000 bush els, and perhaps reach 40,000,000. The bulk of the wheat promises to bo of the first quality, though much in the southern part of the State will bo of lower grade. A little girl, not six years of age, screamed out to her little brother, who was playing in the mud : ' Bob, you good-for-nothing scamp, come ritfht into the house this minute, or I will beat you till the skin comes off." "Why, Angelina, Angelina dear, what do you mean? where did you learn such talk!" exclaimed the morti fied mother who stood talking with a friend. Angelina's childish reply was a good commentary upon this manner of speaking to children. "Why mother, you see we are play ing, and he's my little boy, aud I am scolding him just as you did mo this morning; that's all." Iced tea is a nice as well as a fash ionable drink for Summer meals, but it is not so generally understood that tho best iced tea is not steeped in hot wa ter. .lust try "steeping" it for a few hours in cold water, using a little more tea than for the hot beverage, and hav ing it strong enough to be weakened with ice water when it is served. Tho llavor and effect are much better than by the hot-water method. And, by the way, the same plan is coming to bo more recognized as tho best for tho preparation of the herb teas used for medical purposes, especially such as thorough wort (boneset) and others, which, steeped in hot water, produces an unpleasant aud undesirable nausea. Tliis effect is obviated by steeping in cold water, and the tea can lie made much stronger, and used to better ad vantage.
Significant historical Pennsylvania newspapers