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Address
THK 81/TI.KR CITIZEJS,
BCTLER. PA.
TRAVELERS' GUIDE.
BUTLKR, LIRNS CITT AND FARKIK RAILROAD
(Bntier Time.)
Trains leave Butler for St. Joe, Millerstown,
Karns City, Petrolio, Parker, etc., at 7.25 a m.,
and 2.05 and 7.20 p. m. [Bee below for con
nections with A. V R. R.J
Trains arrive at Butler from the above named
points at 7.;5 a. m.. and 1.55, and 8.55 p. m.
The 1.55 train connects with train on the West
Penn road through to Pittsburgh.
SHBKANGO AND ALI.«GH*NT RAILROAD.
Trains leave HilliardV Mill, Butler county,
for Harrisville, Greenville, etc., at 7.40 a. m.
and 12.20 and 2.20 p. m. _
Stages lea' e Pctrolia at 5.80 a. m. lor 7.40
train, and at 10.00 a. m. lor 12 20 tram.
Return stages leave Hllliard on arrival of
trains at 10.27 a. m. and 1.50 p. m.
Stage leaves Martinsburg at 0.30 for 12.30
train.
PBNKSTLTANIA RAILROAD.
Trains leave Butler (Butler or Pittsburgh Time.)
Mark* at 5.06 a. m., goea through to Alle
gheny, arriving at 9.01 a. m. This train con
nects at Freeport with Free port Accommoda
tion, which arrives at Allegheny at 8.20 a. m.,
railroad time.
Exprett at 7.21 a. m., connecting at Buller
Junction, without change of cars, at 8.26 with
Express west, arriving In Allegheny at MS
a. m., and Express east arriving at Blairsvllle
at 11.00 a. m. railroad time.
Mail at 2.36 p. m., connecting at Butler Junc
tion without change oi cars, with Express west,
arriving in Allegheny at 526 p. in., aud Ex
press east arriving at Bl:ilrsviile Intersection
at 6.10 p. m. railroad time, which connects w'th
Philadelphia Kxpr» »s cast, when on time.
The 7.21 a. m train connects at Blairsville
at 11 05 a. m. with the Mail east, and the 2 36
p. m. train at 6.50 with the Philadelphia Ex
press east.
Trains arrive at Butler on West Penii R. R. at
8.61 a. m., 5 0« and 7.20 p. m., Butler lime. The
8,51 and 5.00 trains connect with trains on
the Butler A Parker R. R. Sun ay train nrrives
at Butle' at 11.11 a. m., connecting with train
for Parker.
Main Line.
Through trains leave Pittsburgh for the Enc<
at 2.56 and 8.26 a. m. and 13 51, 4.21 ar.d 8.06 p.
m., arriving at Philadelphia at 8.40 and 7.20
p. m. and 3.00, 7.0 and 7.40 a. m.; at Bultimore
about the same tim 4, at New York three hours
later, and at Washington about one and a hall
hours later.
PHYSICIANS.
JOHN E. BYERS,
PHYSICIAN AND SURGEON,
my2l-ly] BUTLER, PA.
DENTISTS.
DENTISTRY!
0 1# WALDRON, Graduate ot the Phil
■ adel pbia Dental College, is prepared
■ I* ato do anything in the line of bis
profession in a satisfactory manner.
Office on Main street, Butler, Union Block,
up stairs, apll
BANKS.
THE BUTLER
SAVINGS BANK
BUTLE It. PA.
NEARLY OPPOSITE LOWBY HOUSE.
CAPITAL STOCK" 60,000.
Wx. GAJ(PBEIX. JAB. D. ASDERSON.
President. 'Vice President.
WK. CAMPBELL, Jr., Cashier.
DIMCTORI
William Campbell, J. W. Irwin,
Jas. D. Anderson, George Weber,
Joseph L. Purvis.
Does a General Banking A Exchange business.
Interest pAid on time deposits. Collections made
and prompt returns at low rates of Exchange.
Gold Exchange and Government Bonds bought
and sold. Commercial paper, bonds, Judgment
and otherseenrities bought at fair rates 1&30:ly
LAND FOR SALE]
FOITiALE.
A handsome six-room frame house, located
on Bluff street, northwestern part of Butler.
Lot 60x176. All necessary oulbni (dings,
TERMS—One-third cash and balance in four
equal annual payments. Inquire at this office.
janMtf
FOR teal©.
The well-improved farm of Rev. W. R. Hutch
ison, in the northeast corner of Middlesex town
ship, Butler oountv, Pa , is now offered for sale,
low. Inquire of W. K. FHISBEE, on the prem
ises. aplGtf
FOR SALE.
95 will buy a one-halt interest in a good bus
iness in Pittsburgh. One who knowa some
thing about farming preferred. An honest man
with the above amount will do well to address
by letter, BMITH JOHNS, care S. M. James,
03 Liberty street; Pittsburgh, Pa. |au27-ly
INSURANCE.
Incorporated 1810.
/ETNA INSURANCE COMPANY
OF HARTFORD, CONNECTICUT.
Aaets $7,078,224.49.
Losses paid In SI years, 161,000,000.
J. T. McJI'NKIN A SON, Agents,
janSßly Jetlerson street, butler, Pa.
BUTLER COUNTY -
Mutual Fire Insurance Co.
Office Cor. Main and Cunningham Sts.
Q. C. ROESSING, PRESIDENT.
WM. CAMPBELL, TREASURER.
H. C. HEINEMAN, SECRETARY.
DIRECTORS:
J. L. Purvis, E. A. Helmboldt,
William Campbell, J. W. Burkhart,
A. Troutman, Jacob Bchoene,
G. C. Roesslng, John Caldwell,
Dr. W. lrvln, W. W. Dodds,
J. W. Christy. H. C. Hetneman.
JAS. T. M'JUNKIN, (Jen. AS't-
BUTIJER
NOTICE TO FABHERS.
PHOSPHATE AND FERTILIZERS
FOR SALE BY
JAMES ENGLISH,
. marl7>2m PORTERSVILLE. PA.
HENRY O. HALK,
FIRE MERCHANT TAILOR,
COB. PENN AND SIXTH STREETS,
Pittsburgh Pa
13. ROESSING, *
[Successor to A. C. Roe using A Bro.J
DEALER IN
CrorpripQ
GRAIN, FLOUR, FEED, OIL,'
—AND—
Anthracite Goal.
THE HIGHEST MARKET PRICE PAID IN
FOB GRAIN OF ALL KINDS.
S«p4tf
VOL. XVII.
BOOTS and SHOES
AL. IUT PF'S
UNION BLOCK,
Main - - « Butler, Pa.
I have jast received my entire Spring and Summer stock of BOOTS and
SHOES direct from the manufacturer, and am able to sell them at
OLD PRICES,
and a great many lines at JCgfLOWER PRICES THAN EVER.
Ladies', Misses' and Children's Button, Polish and Side Lace Boots in
endless variety, and at bottom prices.
Reynolds Brothers' celebrated fine Shoes always in stock, and is the most
complete I have ever offered. The prices are lower than ever, and styles
elegant.
Parties wanting BOOTS & SHOES made to order can do no better than
by me, as I keep none but the best of workmen in my employ.
LEATHER and FINDINGS will be found in my store in superior
quality and at lowest market rates.
goods warranted as represented. AT*. RUFF.
OPENING DAILY
AT
B. C. HOSELWS,
THE LARGEST AND BEST ASSORTMENT OF
Boots and Shoes
To be found in any House In Western Pennsylvania, em
bracing all the Newest Spring Styles in the Market.
A I am selling all this stock at
OLD PRICES.^:
Recollect, NO ADVANCE.
Several lines of Boots and Shoes at even lower prices than ever. All my
customers have the benefit in buying by getting Boots and Shoes
that come direct from the manufacturer to my house.
No middle profits to divide up that parties
are compelled to pay that buy
from jobbing houses.
This Stock of Boots and Shoes is Very Large in the Following Lines
Ladies' Kid and Pebble Button Boots, .... $1.50 and upveards.
" " " " Side Lace Boots, ... 1.25 " "
" Grain, Pebble and Kid Button and Polish, - 1.25 " "
" " Polish, 95" "
" " Standard, very prime, ------ 1.25 " "
" Serges, in Congress and Polish, .... 75 to sl.
" Calf Peg Shoes, all warranted.
MY STOCK EMBRACES, IN CONNECTION WITH THE ABOVE, A FULL LINE OF ALL
THE FINER GRADES IN WOMEN'S, MISSES' AND CHILDREN'S.
The €3ents' DEPARTMENT iB very complete in every line in Calf
Button, Dom Pedros, Congress and English Walking Shoes, and especially in
Calf Boots, at $2 and upwards,
Brogans and Plow Shoes, at $1 and upwards,
Fine Buff Alexis and Congress, at $1.25 and upwards,
Low Strap Shoes, in every style, at $1.25 and upwards.
Boys' and Youths' Shoos in same styles as Men's, but lower in price.
Infants' and Children's Shoes, in Colors and Black.
Fancy Slippers and Walking Boots, All Dolors.
This stock is the most complete I have ever offered, the prices are low«r f
than ever, and the styles are elegant. Ladies' Kid and Pebble Button New-'
ports, good, $1 to $1.25.
URGE STQGK, OF LtATWitt AMIS FINDINGS
Always in stock. None but the best brands of Leather kept, and prices guar
anteed at lowest market rates.
|jjgT*Give me a call and I will save you money in your Boots and Shoes.
A careful inspection of this stock will convince you that the above is correct.
No other house can give you lower prices or better goods.
B. C. HUSELTQW.
CARPETSROLL CLOTHST MATS! RUGS! STAIR RODS
EG NEW STOCK! NEW STOCK! >
g *
g HECK & PATTERSON S £
! NEW CARPET ROOM !
«J NOW Of EN" I 1
FH
G ©W© SETTTH ©F @T©thfo g TTATFSE, B,
Dufly'ft Block, sept2o-tf Ilutler, I»a. 2
isaoHHivxs ISFMN ISXVH ; SIUMO ISXADMVO
Union Woolen Mills.
I wunld denire to call the attention of the
public to the Union Woolen Mill, liutler, Pa., |
where I have new and improved machinery for
the manufacture of
Barred and Gray Flannels,
Knitting and Weaving Yarns,
and I can recommend them as being very dura
ble, Ms they are manufactured of pure Butler
oounty wool. They are beautiful in color, su
perior in teiture, and will be Bold at very low
price*. For samples and price*, address,
H. FULLERTON,
jnM.'TO-ly) Butler. Pa
HT? CL 3 19 Bto P"' BMt Beeds . 2 Knee
UXIUAIIO Swells. Stool, Book, only
♦87.50. 8 Stop Organ, Stool, Book, only $53.75.
Pianos, Stool, Cover, Book, §l9O to t'256. Illus
trated catalogue free. Address
apH-Sm W. 0. BUNNELL, Lewis town, Pa.
Stock Speculation and Investment.
Operations on Margin or by Privileges. Spe
cial busimss in Mining Stocks. Full particulars
on application. JAMES BROWN, Dealer in
Stocks aud Bonds. 64 A 0(3 Broadway, New York.
niarl7-9m
Forty Dollars Reward.
HOUSE STOLEN.
On Tuesday night, April 27tb, there was
] stolen from the premises of the subscriber,
living in Penn township, Butler county, Pa., a
i dark bay horse, six years old, weighs between
i 1,300 and 1,400 pounds, small star on the fore
. head, shoulders somewhat sore from the wear
of the collar. A reward of S4O will be paid for
information that will lead to the recovery of
'! the horse. IJARVY OSBORN,
I mys-3t. Glade Mills, P. O, Butler Co. Pa.
BUTLER, PA., WEDNESDAY, JUNE 9, 1880.
C. WATTLEY&CO
ARE DAILY RECEIVING
Fresh and Seasonable Goods!
sucn AS
Spring Gloves,
Cotton and Lisle Tftread Hose,
Fringes, Trimmings, Buttons,
Ribbons,
Laces, Embroideries,
Ha ndkerch iefs,
Lace and Embroidered Ties,
Summer Underwear,
Elegant Neckwear for Men,
AND FULL STOCK OF
Ladies and Men's Furnishing Goods.
increased Room enables us to give pur
chasers the very best value for their money.
C. WATTLEY&CO.
109 FEDERAL ST. ALLEGAENY CITY PA.
OPPOSITE FIRST NATIONAL BANK.
THE
Pittsburgh, Cincinnati & St, Louis
RAILWAY CO.
IPtH-HIHDItBOBTEII
Offers the best facilities and most comfortable
and expeditious Line for families
moving to points in
KANSAS,
ARKANSAS,
T E X A. S ,
COLORADO,
ITEBRAYK A,
CALIFORNIA,
OR ANY OF THE WESTERN STATES AND
TERRITORIES.
THE VERY LOWEST RATES
TO ALI. POINTS IX THE
WEST & SOUTH-WEST
CAN ALWAYS BE SECURED VIA THE
OLD RELIABLE
PAN-HANDLE ROUTE.
Tickets Sold and Baggage Checked
THPOVGH TO ANY POINT YOU WANT TO GO.
We offer you the Lowest Rates, the Quickest
Time, the Best Facilities and the most Satisfac
tory Route to all ]>oints West and South-west.
We run no Emigrant Trains. All classes of
Passengers are carried on regular Express
Trains.
If you are umible to procure Through Tick
ets to points in Missouri, Arkansas, Texas, Kan
sas, Colorado, Wisconsin, Minnesota, lowa, Ne
braska or California, by the direct "PAN-HAN
DLE ROUTE," at your nearest Railroad Sta
tion, please address
"WW. 1. »'Brlon,
Gen'L Passenger Agent, 'Pan-Handle Route,'
COLUMBUS, OHIO.
ST. CHARLES HOTEL,
On the European L?lan
54 to 66 North Third Street,
Philadelphia, Pa.
Single Rooms 50c., 75c. and $1 per
day.
O. Sclmeck, Proprietor.
Excellent Dining room furnished
with the best, aud at reasonable rates.
|3gT > Cars for all Railroad Depots
within a convenient distance.
THE GREAT ENGLISH REMEDY!
GRA rs SPECIFIC MEDICINE
TBtnr M4PK- TRADE MARK,
jf for Seminal Weak
Before TAKIN/ROF 1 jiV/nory
venal Lassitude, Tain in the back. Dlmmness of
Vision, I'ennature Old age, and mony other dis
eases that lead to Insanity. Consumption and a
Permature Grave all of which as a rule are first
caused liy deviating from the path of nature aud
over Indulgence. The Specific Medicine is the re
sult of a life study and many years of experience
In treating these special diseases.
Pull particulars HI our pamphlets which we de
sire to send free by mail to every one.
Tlie S|>ecifle Medicine is sold by all Druggists at
81 per package, or six p:ickages for 96, or will be
sent by mail on receipt of the money by addressing
THE GRAY MEDICINE CO.,
No. 10 Mechanic's Block, DKTKOIT, MICH.
FW'SOID in Butler by J. C. REDICK, and by all
Druggists everywhere.
{S?T~HARRIS& EWI.M;, Wholesale Agents, Pitts
burgh. myl2-ly.
K. I WIELD S CO.,
124 FEDEBAL STREET,
ALLEGHENY.
A T 37 J CENTS,
All-Wool Twilled Debege- 38-in- Wide
\F,AV EFFECTS IIV
DRESS GOODS.
Foreign and Domestic Novelties, Armures, Per
sian Cortls. Brociwlrs and Moinie Cloths, in the
new colorings: Heliotrope, I'aon, Old Gold.
Bronze, «}endarme, Coachman aud Navy Blue.
Black Satin De Lyon,
Black and Colored Silks and Satins.
Wash Goods.
Lawns. Cretonnes. Handkerchief Suitings, Mad
ras Cloth, Zephyr Cloth, and new designs in
TOILE D'ALSACE.
Domestic and Housekeeping Goods.
AT 12£ CENTS,
42-INCH PILLOW MUSLIN,
Shirting and Sheeting Muslin. Table Linens, Nap
kins. Towels and Towelings,
QUILTS.
Trimmings. Embroideries, Corsets, Gloves, But
tons, Fringes, Breton and Laimuedoc I .ace,
Scarfs, Kuchlnas and Fichus.
HOSIERY.
At 25 cents per pair, Special Bargain in Indies'
Iteg. Made British Hose, $2.70 per dozen.
of interest in every department,
which «!iistomers would do well to examine before
purctiasliig elsewhere.
OKDKItH BY MAIL I'BOMPTLV ATTENDED TO.
t H. WHO & CO.,
JO/FEDERAL STREET,
\U ■ ALLEGHENY.
ANTS AND THEIR MILCH
CA TTLE.
The instincts of the ant are, indis
putably, more extraordinary than those
; of any other in the whole range of ani
mated nature. The ancients magnified
them into fabulous miracles. Pliny
talks of an Indian ant as big as an
Egyptian wolf, of the color of a cat,
which entered the bowels of the earth
in search of gold, of which they are
said to have been plundered during the
winter by the human inhabitants of
those regions. But exaggeration and
credulity apart, the real habits and
proceedings of these insects are so ex
traordinary that they would stagger
our belief if not confirmed by the past
observations of such naturalists as Hu
ber and Latrielle, and those of Sir John
Lubbock and others of our own day.
One of the most singular traits in their
manners and customs is that of keep
ing and feeding certain other insects,
from which they extract a sweet and
nutritious liquid, in the same way as
we obtain milk from cows. There are
two kinds of insects from which the
ant tribe abstract this juice — the
aphides, or plant lice, and the gall in
sects. Linnaeus, and after him other
naturalists, have called these insects
the milch cattle of the ants ; and the
term is not inapplicable. In the proper
season, any person who may take the
trouble to watch their proceedings may
see, as Linnteus says, the ants ascend
ing trees that they may milk their cows,
the aphides. The substance which is
here called milk is a saccharine fluid,
which these insects secrete; it is scarce
ly inferior to honey in sweetness, and
issues in limpid drops from the body
of the insect, by two little tubes placed
one on each side just above the abdo
men. The aphides insert their suck
ers into the tender bark of a plant, and
employ themselves incessantly in ab
sorbing its sap, which, "having passed
through the digestive system of the
the insect, is discharged by the organs
just mentioned. When no ants happen
to be at hand to receive this treasure,
the insects eject it to a distance by a
jerking motion which at regular inter
vals they give their bodies. When the
ants, however, are in attendance, they
carefully watch the emission of the
precious liquid, and immediately suck
it down. The ants not only consume
this fluid when voluntarily ejected by
the aphides, but what is still more sur
prising, they know how to make them
yield it at pleasure, or in other words,
to milk them. On this occasion the
antennae of the ants discharge the same
functions as the fingers of a milk maid;
with these organs, moved very rapidly,
they stroke the abdomen of an aphis
first on one side and then on the other,
and immediately a little drop of the
much coveted juice issues forth, which
the ant eagerly conveys to its mouth.
A single aphis has been known to give
it drop by drop successively to a num
ber of ants that were waiting anxiously
to receive it. The milk of one aphis
having been exhausted, the ant pro
ceeds to treat others in the same man
ner, until at length perfectly satiated,
and with belly swelled almost to burst
ing, it lazily descends the plant and
seeks its nest. A still more singular
fact connected with this branch of the
natural economy of these insects re
mains to be stated.
These cows are not always consider
ed the common property of a whole
tribe, but, on the contrary, some of
them are appropriated to the exclusive
use of the inhabitants of a particular
hill or nest ; and to keep these cows to
themselves they exert all their skill and
industry. Sometimes the aphides in
habiting the branches of a particular
tree or the stalks of a particular plant,
are thus appropriated ; and any if va
grant foreigners attempt to share this
treasure with its true owners, the lat
ter exhibiting every symptom of un
easiness and anger, employ all their
efforts to drive them away. Some spe
cies of ants go in search of these
aphides on the vegetables where they
feed ; but there are others, such as the
yellow ant, which collect a large herd
of a kind of aphis, which derives its
nutriment from the roots of grass and
other plants.
These milch kine they remove from
their native plants and domesticate in
their habitations, affording, as lluber
observes, an example of almost human
industry and sagacity. On turning up
the nest of the yellow ant this natural
ist one day saw a variety of aphides
either wandering about in the different
chambers or attached to roots of plants
which penetrated into the iuterior. The
ants appeared to be extremely jealous
of their stock of cattle ; they followed
them about and caressed them, when
ever they wished for the honeyed juice,
which the aphis never refused to yield.
On the slightest appearance of dan
ger they took them up in their mouths
and gently removed them to a more
secure spot. They dispute with other
ants for them, and, in short, watch
them as keenly as any pastoral people
would guard the herds which form
their wealth. Other species, which do
notgather the aphides together in their
own nest, still seem to look on them as
private property ; and, what is yet
more extraordinary, they inclose them,
as a farmer docs his sheep, to preserve
them not only from rival ants, but also
from the natural enemies of the aphis.
If the branch on which the aphides
feed be conveniently situated the ants
have recourse to a very effectual expe
dient to keep off all trespassers : they
construct around the branch contain
ing the aphides a tube of earth, or some
other material, and in this inclosure,
formed near the nest and generally
communicating with it, they secure
their cattle against all interlopers. The
brown ant has been observed by Hu
ber to build a chamber around the stem
of a thistle in such a way that the stalk
passed through the centre, so that from
their ant-hill they had only to climb
the thistle stalk in order to enter this
cattle-fold, which was suspended in
mid-air. The interior, smooth and
compact, was entirely formed of earth ;
it contained an extensive family of in
sect-cows, sheltered from the inclemen
cies of th J weather, and protected from
their enemies. These edifices are not
always constructed near the bottom of
the thistle stalk; Huber once saw one
at a height of five feet from the ground.
"These proceedings," says he, "are by
no means common ; we cannot attribute
I them to a habitual routine." Indeed,
I the modes of preserving their cattle
seem to be as various as those practic
ed by man.
Some ants receive their food from
the aphides which suck the juices of
the common plantain, and these at first
take their station near the flower
of the plant; as soon as the
flowers wither these insect-cows take
shelter under the radicle leaves ; where
upon the ants that before had climbed
up to them now surrounded them with
a mud wall, and, making a covered
gallery by way of communication be
tween their nest and the "paddock,"
extract food from them at their con
venience and pleasure.
During autumn, winter and spring
many species of ants keep aphides. IN
deed, in winter they would be exposed
to the danger of famine did they not
rely for food on their cattle ; for though
they be: ome torpid when exposed to
intense cold, yet, for the most part, the
depth of their nests preserves a temper
ature for them sufficiently high to pre
vent this contingency. Their milch
cows are then kept on the roots ot the
plants which penetrate the interior of
the nest, and furnish an abundant sup
ply of liquid, in which their keepers
delight. And not only is the full grown
animal kept, but its eggs are watched
and guarded with that care which war
rant us in supposing that the ant knows
their full value. It is of real conse
quence to the ants that the hatching of
the eggs of the aphides should take
place as early in the spring as possible,
in order to insure an early supply of
food for their colony ; and with the
view of hastening this event they de
posit them in the warmest part of their
dwelling, and in fine weather bring
them to the surface of the nest to give
them the advantage of the sun.
Plant lice, or aphides, differ much in
form, color, clothing, and in the length
of the honey tubes Some have these
tubes quite long, as the rose louse
(Aphis rosae), which is green, and has
a little conical projection, or stylet as
it is commonly called, at the ex
tremity of the body between the two
honey tubes. These insects seem to
love society, and often herd together
in dense masses, each one remaining
fixed to the plant by means of its long
tubular beak ; and they rarely C hange
their places till they have exhaused the
first part attacked. The attitudes and
manners of these little creatures are
extremely amusing. When disturbed,
like restive horses, they begin to kick
and sprawl in the most ludicrous man
ner. They may be seen, at times, sus
pended by their beaks alone, and throw
ing up their legs as if in a high frolic,
but too much engaged in suekir.g to
withdraw their beaks. As they take
in great quantities of sap they would
soon become gorged if they did not get
rid of it through the little tubes at the
extremity of their bodies. When one
of them gets running-over full it seems
to communicate its uneasy sensatious,
by a kind of animal magnetism, to the
whole flock, upon which they all, with
one accord, jerk upward their bodies
and eject a shower of the honeyed fluid.
The leaves and bark of plants much in
fested by these insects are often com
pletely sprinkled over with drops of
this sticky fluid, and which on drying
become dark colored, and greatly dis
figure the foliage. This appearance
has been styl*d "honey-dew," but
should not be confounded with another
similar production observable on plants
after very dry weather, which has re
ceived the same name, and which con
sists of an extravasation or oozing of
the sap from the leaves. — Scientific
American.
THE ILLINOIS SIIIP CANAL.
Mr. Daniel C. Jenne, Chief Engi
neer of the Illinois and Michigan
Canal, contributes to the Chicago
Inter-Ocean the following -account of
the proposed through water roste from
the great lakes, at Chicago, to the Mis
sissippi river:
The first division of the project con
sists in the enlargement of the Illinois
and Michigan Canal from Chicago to
Joliet. The present canal was built
48 feet wide on the bottom, with side
slopes 1 to 1 in earth, making 60 feet
surface width at 0 feet deep, or below
the low water of Lake Michigan,
with a descent on the bottom of one
tenth foot per mile across the Summit
level, toward Joliet. It is proposed
to make the enlarged canal 144 feet
wide on the bottom, side slopes 1 to 1
protected by sloi>E wall in earth, and
IGO feet wide at surface at 8 feet deep,
or below low water of Lake Michigan,
with a descent of two-tenths foot per
mile. This will pass 112,321 cubic
feet of water per minute, and give a
current of 10G miles per hour. The
average state of water in Lake Michi
gan for the last years has been about 2
feet higher, which would make the
water 10 feet deep, and would pass
158,533 cubic feet per minute, with a
current of 119 miles per hoar.
The canal enters the Desplaines
river about one mile and a half north
of the main street at Joliet, or nearly
opposite the State Penitentiary, and
will be about 83 miles long. The
work of enlargement consists of about
15,000,000 cubic yards of excavation,
including the removal of spoil banks
made from the excavation of the pres
ent canal, of which there will be about
4,000,000 cubic yards of solid magnes
ian limestone to be excavated. Three
lift-locks will be required at the south
ern end, one grand lock at Bridgeport
or north end, six public road and street
drawbridges, and one double railroad
drawbridge, and a large water weir at
Lockport. The locks are to be 350
feet long between the gates and 75
feet wide, to correspond with those
now built on the Illinois river.
The second division extends from
one and one-half miles above Joliet to
La Salle, about 07 miles, and will con
sist of the improvement of the Des
plaines and Illinois rivers by locks and
dams, and an independent short piece
of canal around the rapids at Marseil
les. It will require the construction
of eleven locks, nine dams, the raising
of two dams, nine drawbridges, the in
dependent piece of canal above referred
to, and other incidental work.
The third division consists in the
improvement of the Illinois river from
La Salle to Grafton, on the Mississippi
River, and was described in my former
communication, distance 227 miles.
Of this, 90 miles have been finished
by the construction of two locks and
dams.
COST OF THE WORK.
The estimated cost of the first divis
ion, 33 miles, is ......$11,532,932
Estimated cost of the second divis
ion, 97 miles, is 4,327,879
Estimated cost of the third division,
227 miles, is 1,000,000
Total cost to complete 327 mi1e5...519,860,811
There has been expended by the
State on locks and dams $ 747,747
There has been expended by the
United States on locks and dams.. 62,360
There has been expended by the
1 "cited States on dredging wiug
dams, etc 526,000
Amount already expended $ 1,336,107
Estimated cost of the entire w0rk..518,1%,918
The item of work, quality, and the
estimate of cost on the first and second
divisions are from the report of F. C.
Doran, Esq., civil engineer, who made
a survey of the same in the fall of 1874,
under the direction of Col. J. X. Ma
comb, Corps of Engineers United
States Army.
According to these estimates the
canal, 327 miles long, will cost $55,-
560 a mile, and will have twelve times
the capacity of the Erie Canal, which
cost about $90,000 mile. This route
opens an inland water communication
between the Gulf of Mexico, Xew
Orleans, St. Louis, and other cities of
the great West and Southwest, through
the city of Chicago, with the city of
Xew York in one direction, and with
the cities on the St. Lawrence river and
the Gulf of St. Lawrence in another
direction, and through both routes and
the extremes with the Atlantic Ocean.
The dimensions of the proposed
canal are sufficient to admit boats of
2,500 to 2,800 tons burden, being 80,-
000 to 85,000 bushels of grain, or one
and a half to one and eight-tenths mil
lion feet of p in 3 lumber; or fleets of
smaller boats can pass the locks at the
same time with about the same ton
nage, or twelve of the boats of the
Erie Canal, or the Illinois and Michi
gan Canal, can pass the locks at one
lockage.
The summit level of the canal could
be reduced to 100 feet on the bottom
with the same slopes and declivity,
and construct basins at every mile 500
feet long and 50 feet wide for boats to
pass, and reduce the cost of the first
division about $4,000,000, and these
at 10 feet would pass over 100,000
cubic feet of wator per minute.
i M pit OVEDIWSES.
The correspondent of a Cincinnati
newspaper Las discovered that the use
of nasal extensors is very common
among the ladies of New York, and is
particularly affected by women to
whom nature has denied the elegant
Grecian contour. The extensor con
sists of a silver lining for each of the
nostrils, the two metal forms being con
nected together by a yoke at the base
if necessary, and covered internally
with a red enamel. The correspondent
avers that fashionable dentists make
manufacture of nasal forms a part of
their business, and cites the case of a
lady acquaintance of his whose flat
tened pug was transformed into a
beautiful specimen of Hellenism by
using one of these instruments.
The story puts one in mind of the fact
that one of our well-known surgeons
has recently performed some very clever
and successful operations on deformed
noses, following the example of Mr.
William Adams, a distinguished Brit
ish surgeon, whose memoir on the sub
ject, published in the British Medical
Journal for October, 1875, forms one of
the classics of nasal surgery. The
American surgeon cites several cases
in his own practice, in which noses
"tip-tilted like a petal," as Tennvsou
expresses it, with the nares looking di
rectly forward, have been successfully
transformed into organs of contour ap
proximating the classic. The operation
consisted mainly in making a deep
tranverse incission across the offend
ing pug about three-quarters of aniuch
above its tip, cutting through the skin,
cartilage and septum with a single
clean stroke of the knife, until the edge
of the instrument was on a level with
the face. This done the half served tip
was depressed to the proper level, leav
ing a triangular gap between it and the
firm upper portion sustained by the
nasal bones. Small, but deeply-incised
parallelogramatic flaps were next dis
sected out on either side of the gap, in
such a manner as to fill the vacant
space and meet each other at the top.
These flaps, turned upon their pivots
at the base of the nose, were adjusted
within the opening in such a manner
that their distal ends met and joined
each other on the median line. Their
edges were then fastened together
with silk sutures, and the laterial
wounds from which they were origi
nally taken were closed by simply
bringing their edges together. A faint
scar was left after the wounds had
healed. The operation upon the nose
was subsequently trimmed into proper
shape, and the patient dismissed with
a very respectable nose of the Itoinan
type. This operation has not thus far
been attempted except in cases of seri
ous deformity, but there is no reason
why a nose should not be made over
again by such a process, without leav
ing any appreciable trace. Indeed,
famous surgeons are not unfrequently
offered large sums to perform such op
erations by persons dissatisfied with
the nose that nature gave them, (if
done in youth) and prefering the Gre
cian or aquiline to the celestial or
Pug-
"Don't be afraid," said a snob to a
German laborer ; "sit down and make
yourself equal." "I vould hab to
blow my prains out," was the reply of
the Teuton.
A new pair of shoes came home for
a little five-year-old. He tried them
on, and finding that his feet were in
very close quarters, exclaimed : "O,
my*! they are bo tight I can't wink
my toes."
ADYEBTISINO BATES,
One wqnare, one insertion, 91 : each subse
quent insertion, 50 cents. yearly advertisements
exceeding one-fourth of a column, 95 per inch.
Figure work doable tlieee tat«s; additional
charge* where weekly or monthly chaugee are
made. Local advertisements 10 centa per lis*
for flirt insertion, and 5 cents per line for each
additional insertion. Marriages and deaths pub
lished fieo of charge. Obituary notices charged
as advertisements, aud payable' when handed in
Auditors' Notices. #4 ; Executors' and Adminls
trators' Notices. $3 each; Estray, Caution and
Dissolution Notices, not exceeding ten lines,
each. .i
From the fact that the Cmzxx is the oldes*
established and most extensively circulated Be
publican newspaper in Butler county, (a Bopufc
Lean county) it must be apparent t« business
men that it is the medium they should use in
advertising their businebs.
NO. 29
CURED OF HEART DISEASE.
' There is a man in the Seventh ward
who hasn't spoken to his wife for
over a week, lie is so mad that he
won't go home to his meals, and the
other day his wife went to his down
town office to get $6 to pay for some
shoes. lie told the clerk to pay her
off and let her gc He grits his teeth
when he goes home at night, and
comes out of the bouse swearing. She
come a joke on him, that's all. He
has for years been telling her that he
was sure he had the heart disease, and
that he should go off suddenly some
time in the night She had got sick
of such talk after hearing it for thir
teen years, when she knew he was as
healthy as a yearling. Why, he didn't
even know where his heart was, and
couldn't point out the location of any
particular portion of his internal im
provements. But he kept talking
about death every little while, and she
said she would break up that little
game as soon as she sould think of a
way to do so. A spell ago she bought
herself one of those India rubber water
bags, for keeping hot water at the feet,
instead of bottles. It would hold
about three quarts, and her husband
did not know anything about i'.. One
night after she had the water bag to
her feet for a couple of hours, until
they were about as warm as a piece of
zinc, and her husband was snoring
away by note, she thought what a
good joke it would be to put it on his
stomach and wake him up She burst
right out laughing, at midnight, think
ing of it So she took up the bag of hot
water and placed it on bis stomach.
The bag was about the size of a cow's
liver, and as warm as a piece of
shingle on a boy. It hadn't been on
his chest and other baggage over two
minutes before he slowly opened his
eyes. She stuffed the upper works of
her night gown in her mouth to keep
from laughing. He raised his head
and said: "Harriet, my end has
come."
"Which end, Josiah?" said she, as
he rolled over, "your head or your
feet ?"
And then she put a pillow in her
mouth, and reached over and unscrew
ed the nozzle that holds the water in.
"I am dying, Egypt, dying," said
be, "My heart is enlarged to three
times its natural size, and oh, I am
bleeding to death." She had opened
the nozzle, and three quarts of hot
water was pouring over him, saturat
ing him from head to heels. She had
not meant to let out more than a pint
of water on him, but when it got to
flowing she couldn't stop it, so she got
out of bed and told him to save him
self. He attempted to stop the blood,
and she struck a match and asked him
if his life preserver hadn't sprung a
leak, and then he looked at the rubber
bag, and went and run himself through
a clothes wringer, and slept on the
lounge the rest of the night, and he
says his wife is the meanest woman
that ever drew the breath of life. She
tells heftfriends that Josiah has been
miraculously cured of heart disease.
THE TENTH CENSUS.
The taking of the tenth census has
began. The States had scarcely formed
their Union, and become the United
States, when the first enumeration was
made. The Constitution, framed in
1787, and adopted by the required nine
States, before September, 1788, estab
lished the nation whose inhabitants
were numbered in 1790. It may seem
remarkable that the whole number,
then, a decade less than a century ago,
was less than four millions. There
were, of whites, 3,172,006 ; of free col
ored, 59,527 ; and of slaves, 697,681;
making the total 3,929.214. The suc
cessive censuses showed the following
numbers:
1800 3,308,483
l,S«o 9,633,822
1830 12,866,020
18-10 17,069,453
lasn 23,191,576
i860.:::::::. 31,443,331
It gives some idea of the greatly in
creased responsibilities and labors of
the President of the United States to
glance over these accumulating figures.
George Washington administered the
government for less than four millions,
General Hayes for more than forty mil
lions. It is* ten to one in numbers, and
greatly more than that in wealth, ac
tivity and capacity of production.^
Much of the growth, in certain of
the de<;enuial periods, was due not to
natural increase but to acquisition of
territory, as well as to immigration.
In 1803, President Jefferson purchased
the Louisiana territory of France, and
in 1819, President Monroe acquired
her Florida possessions of Spaiu. Both
these purchases made perceptible addi
tions, of course, to the censuses of 1810
and 1820. But that of 1850, swollen
by the great Irish immigration that be
gan after the fame of 1847, was largely
increased also by the population that
came with the annexation of Texas and
the new territory—California, New
Mexico, etc.—which was brought into
the national borders as a result of the
Mexican War. It was the last and
greatest increase in that way; the pop
ulation added by the purchase of
Alaska in 1867 was trifling in numbers.
What the present population may
prove to be is a matter of mere conjec
ture. The decennial returns show that
there is no fixed ratio of increase. Tak
ing the censuses of 1840, 1850 and
1860 as a basis, it was asserted in 1870
that our population grows at the rata
of something over thirty-five per cent,
each decade, and that the total would
l>e found to be over forty-three and *
half millions in that year. But it fell
five millions short of this, and the act
ual rate of increase was lound to be
something over twenty-two and three
quarters percent. The same rate of in
crease in the ten years now closing
would give us over forty-seven millioM
in 1880, while the large rate of increase
we had in the deeade3 1840-50 and
1850-HO, would give us fifty-two mil
lions. It is probably most safe to ex
pect that the enumeration now begun
will return an aggregate exceeding for
ty-five but not reaching to fifty mil
lions.