feUBMUBIPTION BATKSS Ttc«» tl w ' ®" No «nb*ription will be disctfnttaaed until «H *rr.»araco* ur !*:d. Portroartw# neglecting to iK-tifv us when f übecribent do i»ot take out tbeir paper* will be held liable for the subscription. llwcribei* removing from on© pout office to another should give u» the name of tbe former as wtjil am the pr.:eeut office. AII communications intended for publication in thi* paper rou*t be aecompauied by the r*»l name of the writdr. not for publication, but m a • uai antve of good faith. and loath notice* uiunt be accompa nied by a responsible name. Addrewi B vTI KR CITIZEW, BUTLER. PA. TitA VEL.ERS' GUIDE. BLTl.glt, K»RNf CITT AND PAKKEH RAILROAD (Kntier Time.) Trains leiive Kutler tor St. Joe, MillerStov n, K nis CHt. tVlrnlw, Parker, etc., at 7JJS a. in., and '2 05 and 7.?0 p m. [See below lor con nection- with A. V R K.J TnUue arrive at Butler trom the above named points it 7. 5 a. m. ana 1.88, and 6.55 |> ra. The 1.55 ttain connects *!tL train on the W.-st Peun ro id •hroutrU to Kitlshnrnh. 9nE>'ANGO ASD ALLBGHE>T RAII.KOAD. Trait:: leave HllUard'o Mill, Bntler county, tor Hiirriuville, Greenville, etc., at 7.40 ft. m. anil 12.20 and 2.2t» p. ra. lea e Pctrolia at 5 30 a. m lor . 40 tr:\ill ,~rill dat 10.' oa. in lor 12 20 tnilt). ileturu rtas;<-s le: at 'J.-Vi a. m , and Express east arriving at B!*ir»vhle at 11 00 a. m. railroad time. Mail at 2.otf p. in., conrtectinsr at Bntler .futic tion without change ol ciirs, vv iih Expre*« *vsl, arriving in Allegheny at 526 p. ui., and Ex press eati arriving al Blalrsviile Interred ion at 6.10 p. m. railroad time, which connect* w'tb Philadelphia Expn .s east, when on time. The 7.21 a. tn. train connects at Blalrsviile at 11.05 a. m. with the Mhil eaft, and the 2.'M p.m. train at 6,59 with the Philadelphia Ex press east. Trains arrive at Bntler on West Penn 11. U. at 11.51 a. in , 5 (> : and 7.20 p. ru . Butler llrae. Tlje 9i.il and 5.06 trains connect with trains on the Bntler a. in. and 12 51, 4.21 ai d 5.06 p. m., arriving at Philadelphia at 3.40 and 7.20 p. m and 3.00, 7.0 and 7.40 a. ra.; at Baltimore about the wme t'me. at New York three honrs later, and at Washington about one and a hall hour 9 Inter. PHYSICIANS. ""^ JOHN E BYERS, PHYSICIAN AND SURGEON, mi2l-1 y] BUTLER. PA. DENTISTS ~ _"o"E3STTJSTJE^yT -0 1/ WALDRON. dr. dnate ot the Phil- M adelphift Deutal Collegers prepared ■ ll »to do anything in tbe line of hi* profession in a satisfactory manner. Olliee on Main street, Bntler, Union Block, np stairs, apll LAN I) H)K SALE. Public Salot The und'-r.-igned will ofler at pnhlic sale, ut the CoUtt House, iu Butler, on THURSDAY. APRIL 15, 1880, at 1 o'clock, P. M-, ot said day, the following property, viz A LOT located in the borooirh oi West Sunbnry, Butler county, Pa., l«-);in niiit a post "on the Franklin road, or Main street, thence by an alley south elghtr-flve dc grei s west i ne hundred and eighty-seven at d flve-teoihs f>et on line of lands ot Robert Campbell, thence by said Hue north one degree e:igt -ixty feet to a post, thenre by lot No. 4, belonging to Neal D'ifly, north de trt i • eat one hundred and seventy eisht and five.tenths te. t to a post on Fraukliu road, or Mauistr et, thence by said road south seven decrees l ist sixty tect to a post, the place of beginning. Auto. I t. I>\ Ei.-t street, sixty teet to a post, theu'-e iiofh eli'ltiy his and one-lourlh decree# went, by lot of F. M. Campbell, on' hundred feet to a post, fence south three and three-fourths de- > east, by lo» of K J MrMiehael, thirty ■ 'o-i, ihence north elirhty-slx and one f..urili decrees we-t, by lot of R. •*. MeMlclinil, sixty f(" l to a post on Main street, the' ce i-outb tlin'e and thrift) fourths dezree.» wn»t, by Main str«*.thirty feet to a post on corner of Main and Cliurc-h streets, upon which.is erected a frame dwelling a store room and a stable ejTTerms cash. THOS. RO«INB3N. tnarvH-;;t Assignee of James W. Kelly LANOFORSALE -AND— EXCHANGE. TV'iliiam S. Boyd has 320 acres of No. 1 Prairie Lainl in Butler eountv. Kansas, which he will exchange for 100 acres in this county, and pay difference if any. A large number of CHEAP FARMS for sale in this conntv. West Virginia, Missouri and Kan sas. Apply to WM. 8. BOYD. marS-iira Yogeley House, Butler, Pa FOR ISALE. A handsome six-room frame house, located on Blufl street, northwestern part of Butler. Lot 50x17ft. All necessary outbuildings, TERMS—Ore-third cash and balance in four equal annual payments. Inquire at this office. janHtl For teale. Tu.' well-improved farm of Rev. W. R. Hutch ison, in the northeast corner of Middlesex town ship. Butler county. Pa., is now offerod for sale, low Inquire of VV K. FRISBEE, on the prem ises. apl6tf FORTSALET s."> will buy a one-half interest in a (rood bus inees in Pittsburgh. One who knows some thing about farniiotr preferred. An honest man wit.li the atH>re amount will do well to address bv letter. BMITII .H'H-NS, care 8. M James, 03 I ilierty stn et. Pitl-.burL'h, Pa |au'27-ly INSITR ANXJiU. Incorporated 1819. /ETNA INSURANCE COMPANY OF HARTFORD, CONNECTICUT. A«et« ?7.07«,-J34.49. Losses paid in 81 years, $51,000,000. •T. T. McJt'NKIN it SON, A tents, jan'jSly Jcflcrson street, Butler, Pa. BUTLER COUNTY Mutual Fire Insurance Co. OfTice Cor. Mainand Cunningham Sts. G. C. ROESSING, PRESIDENT. WM CAMPBELL, TREASUBER 11. C. IIEINEMAN, SKCRETAKY DIHECTOIiS: J. L. Purvis, I E. A. Helmboldt, Wiliiam Campbell, J. W. Burkhart, A. Tioutwan, Jacob Schoene, O. C. Koessintr, John Caldwell, Dr. \V. lrvin, W. W Dodds, J. W.Christy H. C. Heineman. JAS. T, M'JUNKIN, GOD. A«'T BTTTIJER FA. FOR RENT. Three acres of pound, large honne And store room, with outbuildings. good water at the door, and good young orchard. Is six miles from Butler: and a good location for * country store. WUI yive possession immediuelv. Inquire at CITIZFN OFFICE. mar3tf Butler. Pa. NOTICE T(TFARMERS, PHOSPHATE USD FERTILIZERS FOR SALE BY JAMES ENGLISH, p*H7-arp foisximnu, PA. VOL. xvir. NOW IS THE TIME TO BUY! CALL AT THE! I Boot and Shoe Store ok MAIN STREET, BUTLER, PA. Tlie largest and most complete stock of Goods ever brought to Butler is now being opened b} - me at my store. It comprises Boots, Shoes, Gaiters, Slippers, Misses' & Children's Shoes, in great variety. All these Goods were purchased for CASH in the Eastern markets, and therefore I can sell them at the Old Prices, and ]\o ADVANCE. Lines of Philadelphia, New Yoik and Boston Goods embrace rnv stock, and customers can t;ike their choice. I Mean What I Bay: ADVANCE OX OLD PRICKS !-=S3CT All can call and see for themselves. 'J he best of satisfaction will be given tor CASH. T HE MAKE, STYLE AND FINISH of Goods in my store cannot be excelled by any other house in the county, for proof of which a personal inspection is all that is necessary. Leatliei* and Piiulin^H at Pittsburgh prices Shoemakers should come and purchase it they wish to obtain material cheap. SUPERIOR MILLING! WALTER & BOOS, Proprietors of the Weil-Known Splendid FLOURING MILL BUTLER, I'A. We wish to inform the public that we have remodeled our Mill with the latest improved Gradual Reduction System Machinery, * 1 •; 7 whi'.'h is well known by Millers to be tho best in existence. We can pay to Farmers and Producers of wheat.that it will be profitable to them to give us a trial. We claim that we can make a BETTER ARTICLE OF FLOUR. AND MORE OF IT, 7 7 out of the same number of bushels of wheat than any other Mill in the county, and equal to any first-class Mill in the eity, or Western Mills. The new Under-running Mill, used f< r Eegrinding, bought of Muneon & I>ro., Utica, N. Y.; the George T. JSinith Middlings l'urifier, bought at Jackson, Mich., together with Bolting Cloths, Reals, Conveyers, &c., suitable for the Machinery, cannot be Excelled in the United States or elsewhere. This may seem an exaggeration to some, hut we wish the pub | lie to know that we are able to perform all that we publish, as we have given our machinery a thorough test in the presence of several good Millers and Millwrights, and it has proven even better than it was guaranteed to do. We are also remodeling our Mill for Grinding Other Kinds oi Crrain, which will be entirely satisfactory to our customers. Farmers wishing to have their grist home with them the same day, can do so on short notice. They will thereby save another trip. WE HAVE ALWAYS ON HAND THE BEST GRADES OF WHEAT FLOUR.GBAHAM FtOUB. RYE FLOUR, Buckwheat Flour, Bolted ar.d Unbolted Corn Meal, different kinds of Chop, Bran and Mill Feed, all of the best quality and at the ! LOWEST PRICES. Parties in town purchasing from u.s will have their orders promptly j atended to and articles delivered at their place of residence. [ We* Pay the Karket Price for aii Kinds of Grain. BUTLER. PA., WEDNESDAY, MARCH 31, •►SO. ! OPENING DAILY B. I HU'S, TIIE LARGEST AND BEST ASSORTMENT OF » j Boots and Shoes To be found in any House In Western Pennsylvania, em bracing all the Newest Spring Styles in the Market. **** •- I am selling all this stock at PRICES. 2 , Recollect, NO ADVANCE, Several lines of Boots and Shoes at even lower prices than ever. All my customers have the benefit in buying by getting Boots and Shoes that come direct from the manufacturer to my house. No middle profits to divide up that parties are compelled to pay that buy from jobbing houses. This Slock of Boots and Shoes is Yen Large in the Following Lines: Ladies' Kid and Pebble Button Boots, - - - - $1.50 and upwards. " " " " Side Lace Boots. - - 1.25 " " Grain, Pebble and Kid Button and Polish, - 1.25 " " " Polish, 95" " " " Standard, very prime, ------ 1.25 " " Sorgos. iu Congress ar.d Polish, - 75 to sl. " Calf Peg Shoes, all Avarranted. MY STOCK EMBRACES, IN CONNECTION WITH THE ABOVE, A FULL LINE OF ALL THE FINER GRADES IN WOMEN'S, MISSES' AND CHILDREN'S. Tlm* Prpnrfinrnt is very complete in every line in Calf Button, Dun Pcdros, Congress and English Walking Shoes, and especially in Calf Boots, at $2 and upwards, Brogans and Plow Shoes, nt £1 and upwards, Fine Buff Alexis ami Congress, at $1.25 and upwards, Low Strap Shoes, in every style, at $1.25 and upwards. Boys' and Youths' Shoes in same styles as Men's, but lower in price. Infants' and Children's Shoes, in Colors and Black Fancy Slippers and Walking Boots, All Colors. This stock is the most complete I have ever offered, the prices are lower than ever, and the stvles are elegant. Ladies' Kid ami Pebble Button New ports, good, £1 to $1.25. LARGE STOCK OF LEATHEH AND FINDINGS Always in stock. None but the best brands of Leather kept, and prices guar anteed at lowest market rates. Iy. Give me u call and I will save you money in your Boots and Shoes. A can lul inspection of this stock will convince you that the above is correct. No other house can give vou lower prices or better goods. B. C. HPSELTOW. Established, in 1836. Hats, Caps & Straw Goods. I 31A SI YE Y COLBERT *T- 13? TAKES PLEASURE IN ANNOUNCING TO HIS FRIENDS AND PA TRONS THAT lIE IS NOW OPENING THE FINEST AM) MOST COMPLETE STOCK OF HOODS EVER OFFERED. SILK. Fl It, WOOL AXI) CLOTH HATS A ND CAPS FOR MEW, YOUTHS, BOYS AND CHILDREN, AND WILT, L._^3 REMEMBER THE TLACE: 8 Doors Wnr'h of Berg Co,'s Banki CARPETS! OIL CLOTHS! MATS! liTUS! STAIR RODS - ———— ——— c = KEW STOCK! NEW STOCK! > 3 HECK & PATTERSON'S || i NEW CARPET ROOM ! I < Z~ ;ico NOW OPEN! c One Door Scath of tlisir Clothing- House, q DiiOy's Block, aeptao-tf Butler. Pn. S • iSOOH HIYXS' ISf)QH ISIVK I SIIK> r l3 r IIP iHVO Union Woolen Mills. 1 I wonid desire to call ihe attention of the public to the Ur.ion Wooitci Mill, Eiitler, l'a.. ; where I have new and iruproi ea machinery for • the manufacture ot j Barred Gray F1 atmel?. Knitting and WCRVIDS: Yarns, fcud I .MH them at being V«JQT dura ble. a« thcv are manufactured of pure Under county woo!. They aro I t ant. fnl 1:1 color, su perior in texture, ai d wiii hn eold at very low prices. For abd ;noj •?. addieba, a. i*oxx'. irroN. i jui2i.'73-Iy) iiuller, l'a EIKXRY fi. H4IK. FiS! R'ltUIT HUM, j • COB. PENS and SIXTH STBEETB. P it.t.ihiiroh Pi Stock Speculation and Investment, Oparation* on Mitrsin or by Privileges. Spe cial biihitti in Mining Stocks. Fall particulars ..II application. .MMI'S BROWN. Dealf-r iu ' atncl;- ana W di 60 Aroadway, Now York- PERILS OF A THIRD TERM. Unfortunately the question ot a "third term" of the Presidency is coupled with a name deservedly strong with the nation, and in consequence the real issue involved and its perils to the Republic are by many entirely ignored. That is due wholly to the friends of Grant. Xo one doubts or distrusts the General's patriotism— all are grateful, sincerely grateful, to him for his magnificent services to the nation during the rebellion, and there is no honor, no dignity, however great to which all would not gladly see him advanced, if compatible with the wel fare of our institutions and people. . But the real issue involved in a ' "third term." in its bearings and prob able consequences to the nation in I the luture, far transcends in import ance anything merely personal to General Grant. Hence, in order that it be properly understood, that the people may appreciate fully its char acter and scope and its perils, General Grant's great name and services should l>e eliminated from the discussion, and its examination be conducted inde pendently, and solely with reference to its effect upon the liberties and des tiny of the Republic. It should be con stantly borne in mind that the "un written law" which forbids a third term to all men was not the invention of those who prefer other candidates than Grant. Nor Mas it the inven tion of party. It is the offspring of patriotism, of hostility to autocray, of a love of liberty and free institu tions. Its birth antedates th.tt of the Government itself. It will be found in tbe Convention which framed the Constitution of the United States, among the wisest, purest, the most sagacious of our early or Revolution ary patriots; and the failure of the Convention to limit in the Constitu tion the eligibility of the President was regarded by many of them as of itself a sufficient reason for the refusal by the people to adopt that instrument. Thomas Jefferson, the author of the Declaration of Independence, in a let ter to John Adams, dated Paris, Nov. 13, 1787, says: "How do you like our new constitution ? I confess there are things in it which stagger all my disposition to subscribe to what such an assembly has proposed. * * * Their President seems a bad edition of a Polish king. He may be elected from four years to four years for life. Reason and experience prove to us that a Chief Magistrate so continuable is au office for life. When one or two generations shall have proved that this is an office for life, it becomes on even succession worthy of intrigue, of bri bery, of force, and even of foreign in terference. It will be of great conse quence to France and England to have America governed by a Galloman or an Angloman. Once in office and pos sessing the military force of the Union, without the aid or check of a council, he would not l>e easily dethroned, even if the people could be induced to with draw their votes from him. I wish that at the end of the four >/tuir.i they find made him forever ineligible to a j second term." Again and again, in letters to other distiuguised patriots, Jefferson urged this objection to the adoption of the Constitution. In that, and in the great power which the Constitution clothes the President, Patrick Henry saw a "squinting towards monarchy" —the probability, sooner or later, of the continuous re-election for life of a popular favorite, with its inevitable consequences, monarchy! And in that attitude they were supported by all the teachings of history. But the situation in which at the time the na tion was involved, its necessities, grave perils, caused many to surrender their judgment and to hush their fears, and the Constitution, as it is, was adopted ; but Washington and Jefferson, the "Father of his Country," and the author of the "Declaration of Indepen dence," as sagacious as patriotic, de termined, if possible, by the weight of their example, to establish a limit to the eligibility to the Presidency. At moments when their great popularity was unabated, and when the people no doubt would have gladly hailed their re-election, both declined a "third term." They would not, by accept ing, establish a precedent which in all probability would ultimately work the subversion of our institutions and the liberties of the nation. The people, without distinction of party, applauded their acts, and ratified the precedent they thus established as the "unwritten law" of the land. Nor has any one since—no matter how great his popularity, how great his services to the nation—been able to reverse or repeal the law thus adopted. It is apparently impreguably fixed in the minds and hearts of the people. Later, an illustration of that may be j found in the case of Gen. Andrew Jackson. His popularity was as great as Jefferson's. It was on the increase, rather than on the wane, at the close of his second term, when some indis creet partisans agitated a "third term" for the General. His health was fail ing. In his own opinion he had not long to live He was also a widower and childless, and had no one of his own blood to whom to transmit the succession. It was, nevertheless, charged by his opponents that the General was not averse to a "third term"—that he had an ambition to die in the Presidency. If Jackson, whose patriotism was unimpeachable, was of the intensest kind, really in a moment of weakness favored a "third term," which is very doubtful, the storm which the proposition created among all parties forced him to aban don it. Besides, what renders the charge more doubtful is Jackson's pub lic attitude in reference to the eligibil ity to the Presidency. In all, ia every one of his eight annual messa ges, Jackson urges upon Congress, as a means of guarding our liberties from the plots of unprincipled ambi tion, to recommend to the States an amendment to the Constitution limit ing the eligibility to the Presidency to a single term of "four or six years. And it should not be forgotten that, in 1876 the ReuuMican party throughout the t drudtiy, Id ftb Sttft© u'aftiofcal ood- ventions. solemnly affirmed this "un written law" as the great- conservator of our institutions. Thus for eighty odd years this rule, which has had all the effect of law, and has been so justly called the "un written law of the land," has been rec ognized and obeyed by all parties with excellent results. Will the Republican party now stultify itself by attempting to reverse or repeal a law it so sol emnly affirmed ? Dare it assume a responsibility so grave? If in the days of Washington and Jefferson, in the davs.of Andrew Jackson, when the revenues and patronage ot the Gov ernment were comparatively email, the example of a "third term" was fraught with so much danger to our liberties, how much greater is the dan ger now, when the revenues and pa tronage of the Government have in creased a thousand told ? Let us not be mistaken ; 110 ope ap prehends danger to our institutions from Gen. Grant's occupancy of the Presidency. His unimpeachable pa triotism and integrity are guarantees against that. The great peril lies in the precedent. Every reflecting and patriotic man sees with fear and tremb ling the multiplication all over the na tion of mammoth monopolies, huge corporations, railroad, land, bank, min ing, and others; their vast resources, their immense wealth, their increasing powers and forces, really rivalling those of the Government. Ever\'- where this power is felt. In the State and national Legislatures they have their representatives, and they arro gantly, boldly aspire to absolute domin ion ! Hence, the precedent of a "third term" once established, we might, it is true, for a time elect Presidents with patriotism equal to Grant's, and who, like him, would protect our liberties with their lives: but sooner or later an ambitious, unprincipled knave—a king of one of these mammoth mon opolies, an autocrat of a combination or alliance of these corporations— would obtain the Presidency. With the prodigious forces thus united, the power and wealth of the corporations, and the vast patronage and revenues of the Government, such a knave would be able to and would re-elect himself for life, and establish the suc cession in perpetuity in his own fam ily, or otherwise, as he and the cor porations should choose. All history demonstrates that. Hence here is the great peril of a precedent of a "third term.'' Once firmly seated in the Presidential chair, how could such a usurper be dislodged ? It is doubtful whether he could be by armed rebel lion, or whether, under such circum stances, rebellion would be possible. The immense forces of the corpora tions which he would unite and con trol, supported by the vast resources and wealth, and all the forces of the Government, would, in all probability, successfully defy and defeat all the forces of the people, while in his vic tory would be forever crushed all our so-cherished institutions and all our liberties, and the hopes of mankind would expire. "THE ADMINISTRATION OF JUSTICE." The following address was delivered bv Judge J ones, of Cleveland, ()., in answer to the above "toast," at a ban quet recently given by the legal fra ternity of that city : "It would be a vain attempt for the most silvery-tongued or gifted orator among you all, to do even scanty jus tice to a theme like this within the brief period allotted to me for its con sideration. But 1 take pleasure in solacing myself with the reflection that though you all believe brevity to be the soul of wit, you will no more expect me in five minutes' time to do justice to this occasion than you would imagine an unskillful navigator could make a journey to the Indies in a week, or an inexperienced artist paint a magnificent landscape in an hour. And I strongly suspect that your hon orable and efficient committee were fearful that some of us had been bot tled up so long on the Bench that if we once got under full headway we might, like Tennyson's brook, "run on forever." And if they thought this goodly company could not "brook" such a tide of eloquence, I'm sure I for one cannot blame them for ilam ing the stream so very near its mouth. Law, Mr. President, in its most unre stricted and comprehensive sense, is as broad as the realms of the boundless universe ; it is as deep and inexhaust ible as the mysteries of human exist ence ; it is co-existent with and as end less as eternity itself; it governs as well the lowest form of inanimate matter as the highest emanations of eternal wisdom ; it surrounds us every where as lovingly and firmly as the waters of the sea surround the inhabi tants thereof, and it fills with its glory and fruition the heavens and the earth. '•ln its more restricted sense the law rules, regulates and governs nearly all the multitudinous relations of life from the very cradle to the grave ; and even after death it distributes your accumu lations of years, according to your will, and protects or attempts to pro tect, in undisturbed rest, the frail clay you once inhabited. This municipal law is the result of the accumulated experience of centuries. The human race has been taught by the experi ences of its Ion? march from barbarism to civilization that law. order, equality of rights, liberty and justice, are highly essential and conducive to its progress and happiness. To accomplish these j purposes constitutions are made, stat utes are enacted, courts of justice arc established and their jurisdiction in voked. As a late writer has remarked, 'A Court of Justice represents tbo judicial majesty of all the people; through the forms of law it utters their mighty voice in judgment Prop erty, character, liberty, aud even life itself are involved in the issues before it, and it needs all the aid which com posure can lend to reason to enable it ; to discharge wisely and impartially its manifold and most momentous duties.' "The paramount importance of tfuripj; in fchite, fe'arafe'd &nd iaVorrJp^- j A DVFBYISI Vfi IIA'XJE®; j One t>u« iLSc-rtion, $1: «uu«h auhaf iiiet-it.oii, W cents. ieariv adVf.itiseuicitiTa j i \<.e tdicg one-fourth of a column, #6 per inch. Figure trort double thwe rates; additional charges where weekly or monthly charge* ar» made. Local advertisements 10 cents per line for fii>t infertinn, and 5 ctntß per line for each additional insertion. Marriages nul deaths pub lished fret of charge. Obituary noticed charged a« adrottiwnenia. and payable when handed in Atiditois*' Notices. rt ; Kxeentore* a Lid Adiuini* irators' Notices. each; Ketrav, Caution and Dissolution Notices, not exceeding ten lines. each. From tlio fact that the CmztN is the oides* established and mo*t extensively circulated }!e ijubiican newspaper in Butler county, (a Repah Lean county) it must be apparent" to business men that it is the medium they should use in advertising their business. NO. 19 ble judiciary, independent alike of executive power or of popular clamor or prejudice, and knowing no master but the law and everlasting justice, has long been recognized in every civ ilized country of the world, and to se cure such a judiciary and to place it in a position of entire independence has been the purpose of many statutory regulations. Hence, in the United States the Justices of the Supreme and other United States Courts hold their offices substantially for life. The Judges of the English Courts, who pre vious to A I>. 1600 held their office* merely at the pleasure of the Kintr, have for now nearly 2'tO years been substantially secure for life in their po sitions. and only removable on the ad dross of both Houses of Parliament. Prescott tells us in his history of Fer dinand and Isabella that there were repeated and brilliant examples in the history of Arragon of successful in terposition on the part of the justices for the protection of individuals who were persecuted by the Crown, and iti utter defiance of every attempt at in timidation. That the kings of Arra gon, chafed by this opposition, pro cured the deposition on more than one occasion of the obnoxious judges. To prevent this interference so subversive of an independent discharge of the high judicial functions a statute was passed as early as A. D. 1442. making the judicial uffice one for life, and the judge removable only for suiiicient cause, by the united action of the Kinjr and the Cortes. This is said to he one of the most ancient precedents in favor of the independence of the judiciary, and favorably reflects on the wisdom of the free States of Arragon. Many other nations and States havo enacted these or similar provisions to accomplish the same end, to-wit: long terms of office, exemption front legal responsibility for judicial acts, and fixed salaries, which cannot be in creased or diminished during their terms of ollice. Many splendid exam ples may be found scattered through English history where incorruptible and courageous judges and lawyers have protected the people and their liberties against the aggressions ot kings, with an unyielding firmness and fortitude worthy of all praise And modern history shows but com paratively few instances where the high duties intrusted to the judichny have been faithlesslv administered. "But it is not possible for even an able, industrious, learned, and incor ruptible judiciary to thoroughly and efficiently perform its widely variant and multitudinous duties without the efficient aid which they are accustomed to receive from the industry, the learn ing, the tact and eloquence of the members of the legal profession. No profession in the world is superior in dignity to it; none are habitually called "on to deal with subjects of more absorbing or momentous interest, and in no other profession has industry, learning and genius so frequently sur mounted all obstaclas of fate or fortune and "planted the shepherd's crook be side the sceptre.'' It is of the highest importance in this profession that there be at all times the most scrupu lous honesty; the highest sense of honor; the most unfailing faithfulness to courts and clients; a courtesy and a chivalry that utterly scorns all mean or unfair advantage over an opponent, and a culture as broad as the interests of men. It has been said with some truth "that the sparks of all the sci ences in the world are covered up in the ashes of the law," and it is true to a remarkable degree that in the active practice of the law, involving an al most endless variety of questions and controversies, there is scarcely any de partment of human learning or expe rience that may not be involved or available. "At the bar courage, tenacit}", for titude of the highest order are also frequently necessary in the perfor mance of its highest duties. The legal profession is no fit place for weaklings, idlers, dawdlers, incompe tents, or frauds ; and in no profession will such qualities sooner find and everlastingly retain their proper level. Let all the avenues to the legal pro fession be jealously guarded against their approach. ' If I were not in this instance the veriest slave of time, I would like to briefly recall the noble and conspicuous part which lawyers in past times have taken in all of the most eventful of the great moral, political, and military struggles of the world for liberty and constitutional freedom. In all these contests they have conspicuously been the haters of oppression, the natural foes of despotism, the knigbt-errants of progress and the chivalry of civiliza tion ; and in all of these grand con flicts they have garnered up for them selves and the profession they have graced and honored unlimited and un fading laurels and imperishable re nown. But lam admonished by the faint shadow of a frown which I 1 perceive gathering upon the brow ot our accomplished and courteous Presi dent, that the brief time allotted to mo has already been more than exhausted, so I will at once yield the floor to a more eloquent tongue and a more con-, genial and delightful theme. ACCOBDING to the Western newspa pers the prospects of the winter wheat crop in that section are excellent. In eleven States the yield, it is estimated, will be about sixty per cent larger than last season. In Illinois, for instance, an immense yield is promised : Michigan reports an increase of seventy percent; Indiana shows a marked acreage in crease ; Missouri which had an unpre cedently large crop last season, will, it is expected, do fully as well this year. Equally favorable reports como from Ohio, Kentucky, Kansas, Nebraska and Wisconsin. The prosperity of the farmers means the prosperity of nearly every other class in the community, so that the outlook all around is all that could bo reasonably desired. It should be taken into account that the size of j the crop will depend in a great meas* | ure upon the weather during tlje, | couple of weeks. The only drawback' I thus far is the dearth of snow, which i apoears to extend over all the States ! above xriWlftiooed.