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AddreM
THE BUTI.BRCITIXEI,
BCTLER. PA.
NOW IS THE TIME TO BUY!
GALL AT THE
Boot and Shoe Store
OF*
John Bickel,
MAIN STREET, BUTLER, PA. '
Tlie largest and most complete stock of Goods ever brought
to Sutler is now being opened bj- me at my store. It comprises
Boots, Shoes, Gaiters, Slippers,
Misses' & Children's Shoes,
in great variety. All the?e Go<>ds were purchased for CASH
in the Eastern markets, and therefore I can sell them at the
Old Prices, and
NO ADVANCE.
Lines of Philadelphia, New York and Boston Goods embrace
my stcck, and customers can take their choice.
I ]VTean TVlia/t I ©ay:
*s?.\o advance on old prices
All can call and see for themselves. The best of satisfaction
will be given for CASH.
THE MAKE, STYLE AND FINISH
of Goods in my store cannot be excelled by any other house in
the county, for proof of which a personal inspection is all that is
necessary. '
and
at Pittsburgh prices. Shoemakers should corne and purchase if
they wish to obtain material cheap.
TRAVELERS' GUIDE.
EI7TLRH, KAKJM OITT AND PARKS* BAII.KOAD
(Bntler Time.)
Train* leave Batter for St. Joe, Millerstown,
Karri* City, Pelrollr, Parker, etc., at 7J4S a. in.,
and 2.06 and 7.90 f>. m. (Bee below for con
nection* with A. V R. K.J
Trains arrive at Better from the above named
point* ;it 7. B ft. ra.. and 1.59, and O.M p. m.
The 1.55 train connects wllli train on tbe West
I'ctm road through to Pittsburgh.
• IIEXANOO AMD AI.I.BOHBST RAILHOAD.
Train* leave Hilllnrd'a Mill, Butler county,
lor Harrlsvllle, Greenville, etc., at 7.40 a. m.
nnd 1 '<{.l9o and 2.20 p. ra.
Binge* tea l e Petrolia at 530 a. in. lor 7.40
trnin, and at 10.00 a. in. tor 12 20 train.
*Ui(c-a leave Milliard on arrival of
train* at 10.27 n. in. nnd 1.50 p. in.
(Hoce leave* at 0.80 for 12.30
tnlo.
r. A w. a. *. fNarow flange.)
The morning traiu leave* Zellenople at 6 11
Harmony 8.18 anrt Evansbnrg at #.Bv, arriving
at Rina Station at S.!io. and Allegheny at 9 01.
The afternoon train leave* Zelienopie at 1.26,
Harmony 1.81, Kvanabnrg 1.68. arriving at
Etna Matlou at 4-11 and Allegheny at 4.46.
My getting oil at Bharp*hu'g atation and
crossing the bridge to the A. V. R. R., pnsaen
ftr.ru on the morning train can rcocb the Union
«l<'i»ot at {I o'clock.
Train* connecting at Etna Station with tbia
road Inare Allegheny at 7.11 and 9.81 a. m. and
£.41 p. m.
I'BRRSTLVANIA RAILROAD.
Trn'n* leave Hntler( Bntler or Pittsburgh Time.)
Market at 5.06 a. in., goea through to Alle
gheny, arriving at #.Ol a. ra. Tbla train con
l e<l« *t Hri-eport with Frecport Accommoda
tion, which arrive* at Allrgheny at 8.80 a. m.,
raliiond tlim*.
Exprttt at 7.21 a. m, connecting *t Bmler
Junction, withoat change of cara, at 8.36 with
Ex pies* we*t, arriving In Allegheny at V./il
a. in , nnd Express (wt arriving at Blalravllle
' at 11 0(1 a. in. railroad time.
Mail ut 2.36 p. in., connecting at Bntler Juno
tion without change ol ear*, wltb Ex pre** weat,
arriving In Allegheny at 526 p. ra., and Ex
pre** eaat arriving at Binlravllle Intersection
nt «.!0 p. ra. railroad time, w tilth connect* w'tb
i'biiudelpbls Kxprei* eaat, when on lime.
The 7.21 a. m. train connects at Blalravllle
at 11.'15 a. in. with tbe Mail east, and the 2.86
p. m. train at QM with tbe Philadelphia Ex
|>re«* en*t.
Train* arrive at Bntler on Weat Penn U. R. at
y..'»l n. ra , b 0* nnd 7.20 p. m., Butler time. The
U'>] nnil 5.06 train* connect .with train* on
the (Sutler A Parker R. R. Sun' ny train arrivea
nt Untie* at ll.lt a. in., connecting with train
lor Parker.
Main Lint.
Through train* leave Plttabargb tor tbe En*',
at 2.56 and 8.26 a. m. and 12 51, 4.21 and 5.06 p
m., arriving at Philadelphia at 8.40 and 7.20
|i. ra and 8.00, 7.0 and 7.40 a. m.; at Baltimore
about the name time, at New York three bcura
later, nnd at Washington about one and a half
• hour* liter.
PHYSICIANS.
JOHN K. BYERH,
PHYSICIAN AND SUIiGEON,
wy2l-1y) BUTLER. PA.
DENTISTS.
DENTISTRY!
0 1# WALDRON. Graduate ol tbe Pbll
■ adelpbla Dental College,ls prepared
• l« *to do anything to tbe lio« of bis
profnsilon in a sail*factory manuer.
Office on Mala street, Butler, Union Block,
up *Mlr*. apll
PENSIONS!"
Procured for Holdiers disabled In the U. S.
service fr<,m any oanse, also for Heir* of de
coar' il' nokluir*. All ponaions date bank to day
of discharge, and to date of death of the sof
ilier. I'ennioiia increaaed. Addre**. with stamp
HTODDABI>T * 00..
Jeu7-lm] 918 U. Bt. N. W., Werfilogtflu, D. 0.
VOL. XVIf.
LAND FOR SALE.
FOB SALE.
A hsnd'ome six-room frame bouse, located
on Bluff *treet, northwestern part of Butler.
Lot 50*176. All nect'**ary outbnlldinu*.
. TERMS— Ore-Cltlrd cash and balance ill lour
equal annual payment*. Inquire at thi* office.
janHlf
For H«l«» or Rent.
Tbree acres of gronud, large house and More
room, with ontbuiHii gs. good water at the
door, and good young orohar 1. Is eix mile*
from Bntler, and a good location for a country
xtore. If not nold liefore April l«t next, will be
for rent to a good tenant. Inonire of
JOHN H. NEOLEY,
janl2-llt Untler. I'a.
lor Hale.
The under*lg-ied will *ell the I irrn of Jacnli
Khanor, dee'd, sitnaled in Centre towiiahip,
ihree mile* Irom Roller. It comh.ts ol 175
acres, übout a huiidnd cleared, the lial.ince In
rood tlrulier, Iwo orchards, fr.ime Imnk burn,
frame hou»<*, (runic «n»h bouse and ursnary
If not sold In a body It can be divided v iihout
injury. Inquire ol
DANIEL HIIANOR, ) _ .
j. o. Mumrz, j Hr *
janl-i-2m Hutler, Pa.
Valuable Farm for Sale.
The undersigned offer* at private wale the
farm latelv owned by Robert Oilleland. dee'd,
late of Middlesex township, containing
102 Acrra,
more or lesH. with a two story brick house and
bank ham, hay bOnse wagon *hed and other
'■nthnildiiig*. Two good oieh*rd* thereon. 180
acres cleared, balance in good timber, ea*y of
tccess, 1/v about oi.e-balf mile from llutler and
Pittsburgh plank road and Imiles from new
narrow-g»ii«e railroad, is wnll un|iroveil and in
good condition, arid is well adapted for dairy
purposes. For term* a.iplv to
■tAMEH WILHON. Agent.
decl7tf) Bakerslown, Allegheny Co., I'a.
tr^ale.
Tlie well-improved farm of liev. W R. Hutch
ison,in the northeast corner of MiddleKei town
ship, Bntler countv, Pa . is now offered for ssile.
low. Inquire of W. K. FRIHbEE, on the prein- j
ise*. apt fit f
WANTED I
•* of Ikt«ir« In* hj •U' a- pi lon.
1* awe I. MR, Willi go'xJ rcf<-rciK««, "t (urMt«h tl.r wtillil fr» r f
•r»d {,*9 that will l«.*rr work>f o«*r fHHi « mwll..
I KTfcM H Al lO% A I* Yl 11. Hog ti»2, Hi, U'.n, Mo.
BANKS.
TIIK 111 TIiF.H
SAVINGS BANK
II UT L K 14. I* A.
NEARLY OPPOSITE LOWRY HOUSE
CAPITAL STOCIT 60,000.
Wm. Caktrbll, JAS. D. Anurrsoi),
Pre*ldent. Men Preeideut.
W*. Ckunn.L, Jr., Cashier.
niHKCTOKR
William Campbell, J. w. Irwin,
In. D. Anderson, (ioorge Weber,
Joseph L. Pun-is.
Does a Oeneral Banking A Exchange Imsinees.
Interest on time dep<sntn. Collections madn
and prompt returns at low rate* of Exchange.
Oold Exmiange anil Ckjvoniinent ISomls bought
and sold. Commercial paper, bonds, judgment
and oth«rsecurities Wuglit at ftlr rate*. fO0:ly
VELOCITY OF A BULLET.
INTERESTING EXPERIMENTS MADE BY
I'ROFES.SOR SPICE IN NEW YORK.
Professor Robert Spice, the Brook
lyn chemist and physicist, apy»eared
last Saturday evening at the Cooper
Institute, New York, in a lecture on
j projectiles. The great hall was crowded
ii» every part—many standing in the
aisles. When the well-known face of
' Mr. Pooper appeared the andienee, as
usual, gave him a very hearty wel
come, and the applause was renewed
when, on the introduction of Professor
Ilaymond, the lecturer eanie forward.
the task which Professor Spice was
to accomplish was to determine the
actual velocity of a rifle bullet fired
across the stage. The distance meas
ured on the platform was thirty-three
feet, which the lecturer explained was
shorter than usual, as the ordinary
distance used in determining this
question was about 200 feet.
To carry this performance out he
had secured the co-operation of Lieu
tenant K. L. Merriman, ol the Brook
lyn Thirteenth Regiment, who has
gained some reputation at the Creed
moor Range, as evidence by the med
als which he wore*. In the first place.
Professor Spice explained the appa
ratus to be used. lie called tho atten
tion of the audience to a mahogany
base, twelve inches by fifteen inches,
on which were placed two levers
which carried bent wires to make
marks on a piece of smoked glass un
derneath the points. One of these wires
was connected with a pendulum at
tached to an Atwood machine, vibrat
ing seconds. Ry means of electric cur
rents the lever connected with the pen
dulum came down on the glass pre
cisely at the beginning of each second,
making a series of lines separated by
spaces somewhat similar to the old
Morse alphabet. Consequently the dis
tance from the beginning of one line to
the beginning of the next represented
a second of time.
The second lever, exactly opposite,
had a spring attached to one end,
which kept the point off the glass It
also had two electro magnets, one at
each end, which had electric currents
passed through of different strength—
the weaker current tending to pull the
lever down on the glass ; the stronger
current tending to keep it elevated.
In addition to this, the current from
the stronger magnet passed through a
loose wire resting on two globules of
mercury, and immediately in front of
this wire was to rest the muzzle of
the rifle. The weaker current passed
through a precisely similar loose wire,
also on two globules of mercury, which
wire was placed thirty-three feet dis
tant from the first wire.
Lieutenant Merriman now came for
ward and loaded his rifle. It was a
regular ('reedmoor, 45 calibre, 34-inch
barrel, and placed in it a cartridge
containing a 450 grain ball and 45
grains of powder, explaining that this
was not a full charge. He then took
his position. The object was to shoot
away the wires on the mercury. A
box of sand was placed to receive the
ball.
The pendulum above described was
*ct in motion. On its striking the
fifth second the plate of smoked glass
wan dwwn along by the descent of a
weight on the top of a column of sand
which ran out of a tube. On the sixth
second, Mcrriman pulled the trigger
awl both wires vanished. On the first
wire being broken the point of the cor
responding lever descended on the
glass, but immediately rose again by
the action of a wire spring, when the
bullet broke the second wire. The
consequence of this was that the point
connected with this lever scrajied a
very short line on the smoked glass,
while the other point, being kept down
during the swing of the pendulum,
scraped a longer space.
Then the was withdrawn and
placed in the stereopticon, projecting a
magnified image of the lines on the
screen. The relative lengths of these
lines were ascertained, thus obviating
any source of error in measuring the
minute lines on the smoked glass.
This method of measuring the lengths
was claimed to be original by the Pro
lessor.
On tlii.t fticaKtirctncnt it wan found
that the shorti r line tvaw f» inchisu
and tlie other line V, f«j«t :l inches.
Tin-He nutnlxTH wcro brought down to
the common fraction of inches, the rc-
Hiilt giving 110 incheH for tl.c longer
Kpaco. It vviiM then ascertained how
many times the former wa« contained
in the latter, and the fraction tlniH ob
tained wa« clearly the fraction <>f a
second that the bullet took to paws
from one wire to the other—that is,
1.22 of a second. Multiplying the
distance between the wires feet,)
its above, by the denominator of the
above fraction, the velocity of the bul
let in feet wan obtained, namely, 7~2 r >
feet in a second.
The result WHS long applauded;
and the lecturer, to make matters sure,
determined to repeat the experiment.
The second attempt was equally suc
cessful. Prof. Spice then proceeded
to give illustrations of experiments of
the well-known magicians, showing
how science arid art arc resorted to de
ceive the senses. Ilis performances and
explanations were of great interest to
his hearers.
HUE A KINC A 11 ALKY HOUSE.
\ young man in Lawrence, Kan
sas, tried a novel method of breaking
a balky horse, a borrowed liotse at
J that, and regrets that instead of r<-Iy
j itig upon his own resources he took
[ counsel of some boys who no doubt
were aware of the fact that nothing so
encourages a dug to "go as you please"
as to tie a tin-p.iil to his tail. Blows
and coaxing being of no avail, the boys
advised unfastening the traces and
tying tbe horse's tail to the cross-bar
of the wagon. The effect wai electric.
Id half a second the horse was jump
ing like a steeple chaser, and every
jump the wagon described 11 parabolic
curve. At the point where both thills
were broken and the horse was lodged
in the mud, the boys disappear from
the story.
—lt is a fraud to conceal a fraud.
BUTLER, PA., WEDNESDAY, FEBRUARY 4, 1880.
THE LAW OF TRESPASS.
! What constitutes trespa-s is a ques
, tion that ari.»es continually, especially
among farmers and owners of smaller
tracts of real estate, and the ideas con
cerning it are about as vague as they
well can be. An interesting article on
the laws govering this question ap
pears in the quarterly report of the
State Board of Agriculture, which de
serves to be read by every farmer in
the land, as they are oftcne- called on
to face the troubles arising out of such
cases than any other class of men in
the community. Trespass is defined
as "any transgression or offence against
the law of nature, of society or of the
country in which we live, whether it
relate to a man's person or his prop
erty." This is its widest meaning.
Ordinarily, however, it has reference
only to an entrance on the property of
another without authority, and in
doing damage while there, whether
much or little. The laws give the
owner exclusive control over his prop
erty. Any infrigement of his rights
without his permission, or justified by
legal authority, therefore constitutes a
trespass. It does not need that the
land should be enclosed by fences.
The law supposes an imaginary en
closure, wh'eh answers every purpose,
and the simple act of passing through
it constitutes trespass, although no
harm should result to crops, cattle or
aught else. Even a person legally
authorized to seize certain goods on a
man's premises dare not break open
doors for that purpose; if he does his
authority avails him nothing, and he
becomes a common trespasser. Neither
is a person justified in so arranging
spouts as to discharge water on
another man's land, even though he
never steps off his own grounds, nor to
permit filth to pass a boundary line
without due permission. When a
spout first discharges on a man's own
premises and the contents then find
their way to a neighbor's premises, it
does not constitute a trespass. Hunt
ing and fishing, however, constitute
the most common and annoying source
of trespass to which our farmers are
subjected. Xo matter that neither
grass nor grain are trampled down,
whether gates are left closed, bars left
up and no rails broken, the pursuit of
game on the lands of another without
|)crmis»ion is trespass. To even en
ter an enclosed piece of wood, where
there are no crops to be injured,
in pursuit of game, which may
have taken refuge there, is a vio
lation of law—quite as much as if a
wheat field in ear had been trampled
down. In fishing, as in hunting, the
ordinary ponds and streams are the ex
clusive property of those through
whose lands they flow or in which
they happen to be situated. In the
case of navigable streams, any one
may boat up and down them anil fish
in them, but has n;> rijfht to land on
the shores and do so.— Lancaster New
Er«.
A S T<)l;y FROM WA SUING TON.
[Washington l.eXur in Philadelphia Pre**.]
An Irishman one night wont to the
house of a friend and asked if the host
was awake.
"Indeed I am, sir," wa.s the reply.
"Tim, lend me five dollars?"
To which Tim replied, after turning
over for another snooze, "Oh, I'm
aslape, Pat."
This is an old storv, which the
other ni«ht had a new application, and
one which caused considerable chagrin
to on eminent Southern jurist and a
swell Secretary of a Southern Con
gressman.
' The story had been told the South
ern jurist by a lady whom he was
visiting, and the Judjre, meeting the
Secretary soon after at the Ebbitt
House and being applied to for a loan,
adopted his pretty hostess' story as
the easiest way out of the difficulty.
The young man failed to recognize
the j"ke and left the friend to whom
he had applied for financial relief in a
great huff. The next evening the
.Judge was making a call upon the
same lndy, and related the story of his
adventure with the Secretary. Soon
after a prominent Southern Congress
man and the swell Secretary to whom
the Judge had refused a loan came in,
and the lady having been told the joke,
without any mention of names, insisted
upon repeating it to her new callers
as something too good to keep. Dur
ing the recital the animated hostess was
a little puzzled to notice the very dif
ferent expressions upon the faces of
the Judge and the Secretary, and she
therefore lo»t no time in turning the
tide of the evening's chat in another
and plcasanter direction, although she
had repeated the whole story before
it was seen that she had gone wrong.
When the Judge got a c lift nee to ex
plain the situation to the hostess the
Secretary was on the hunt for "a
friend" who would wait upon the
Judge and inquire when and where,
outside the district, he could be com
municated with.
LIFK ANI> PKATH TI KNINO ON TRI
KI.KS.—The haphazard of life and death
was illustrated in many ways by the
Tay Hridge calamity. One lady, who
traveled with her maid, had ordered a
cab for the morning train, which
reached its destination in safety, but
the cabman overslept, and they were
obliged to take the next train—the
one which was buried in the quick
sands at the bottom of the river. An
other instance of train missing turned
out more happily. A gentleman was
determined to go to Dundee, notwith
standing his wife's entreaties, and that
prudent lady took pains to have the
cabman behind time so that her hus
band missed the ill-fated train, lie
was angry at the time, but is reconciled
I to the situation now, and entertains a
favorable opinion of his wife's weather
wisdom. Auotbcr man lobt Lib life
through tbu buuiness shrewdnesb of the
ffirl to whom he was engaged. lie
! was v visiting at her house in Kdinburg,
and was anxious to remain until Mon
: day, but she persuaded him to return
rather than incur the displeasure of his
; employers by breaking faith with them.
—Sonic one that one of the
hardest tbiajff) to aweur off ia awwiopr-
TllE POISONING OF WELLS.
[Rural New-Yorker.]
It is probable that ninety-nine cases
in a bundred of diseases in rural dis
tricts are the result of poison absorbed
into the system either from the stom
ach or the lungs. The blood is manu
factured in the digestive organs from
the fowl, passes in great part through
the liver, and all of it through the
lungs, in both of which it is filtered
and purified, and in the latter it is
brought directly into coutact with the
air which is breathed by inspiration
and is subjected to any deleterious
matter which may be contained in it.
As the foot! and drink are the materials
of which the blood is formed, any un
healthy or poisonous influence at this
prime source, of course poisons the
stream; and as the function of the
lungs is to aerate and purify the blood,
anything wrong in the purifying ma
terial interferes with this important
vital process.
Hut we propose only to call atten-
I tion to what we believe to be the most
prolific source of rural diseases, ma
larial, functional and organic in their
character. This is the water supply.
A case in point ap;)ears in our column
of inquiries and answers, and we have
taken the trouble to illustrate it for
the purpose of showing distinctly how
wells are poisoned. In this case a
cesspool eight feet deep receives the
excreta of a family, the wash from a
bath room, water clo. e et and sink
included. Thirty or forty gallons a
day, ecpial to nearly 15,000 gallons, or
2,000 cubic feet per year of the most
poisonous kind of filth, are poured into
this pool only eight feet deep, and, of
course, soak into the soil and saturate
it. Twenty feet only from this deadly
sink is the well which is probably sev
eral feet deeper than the ccesspool.
The drainage from this cesspool will
flow then in every direction in a circle
of twenty feet radius only, before it
pours into the well. For each foot in
depth of this area there are about
1,200 cubic feet. In a year the 2,000
cubic feet of waste will'completely fill
this space of twenty feet around the
well to a depth of more than a foot
and a half, and in two years to a depth
of three and a half feet. But two
things cannot occupy the same space,
and this filth will then l>e distributed
over a much larger quantity of ground
in proportion to the ratio of solid soil
to the small interstices, or spaces
among the gravel, in the mass. Taking
this ratio as only ten to one, the 2,000
cubic feet of waste will saturate 20,000
cubic feet of earth in one year.
It ia true that the soil near the
cesspool will retain the largest portion
of the solid matter, and the first water
which reaches the well will be filtered
to some extent. But it is only a
question of time—the lapse of which
will depend upon the nature of the
subsoil—how long or short a time will
elapse before the poison pours undiluted
into the well, and from it into the
stomachs of the unfortunate and unsus
pecting victims. If a bed of clay lies
close to the bottom of cesspool, there
will be no esca|)e down wards, and the
period required to reach the well will
be probably six months. If the soil is
gravelly and the waste sinks down
wards, there is an absolute certainty
that a stream of water which flows
into the well will be reached sooner or
later.
A similar frightful certainty, slowly
but surely approaching in thousands
of cases, threatens in time to sap the
life of unsuspecting people, who will
by and by exhibit every symptom of
insidious but fatal disorder. The hectic
cheek, swollen glands, dry hot skin,
disordered digestion, bilious derange
ments, headaches, tremors, diarrhtea,
dysentery, cutaneous eruptions, tumor*,
coated tongue, foid breath, ami all the
varied symptoms by which blood
poisoning first becomes apparent and
the final deadly typhoid and malignant
fevers are predicted, alarm the con
sciousness, while the source of the
very poison itself is hourly used to
allay the fever and thirst occasioned
by it .
We do not desire to be sensational
or to make too much of this. The
danger exists and it is everywhere.
The case liefore us, to which we call
the closest attention, is by no means
an unusual one. In fact, there are
thousands that are greatly more dan
gerous than this, and every person
who cares for his own health and that
of the loved ones whom he shelters
from harm with tendercst caro, should
see to it that this prevalent source of
danger is eliminated from his house
hold ; and remember that decomposing
organic matter in the mo A deadly of
all poisons.
LCAP YKAR I.N LAW. —The Supreme
Court of Indiana has affirmed a prin
ciple in respect to the computation of
time, which is likely to prove of seri
ous trouble to hankers and others. It
is that the 29th day of February and
the 28th day of February are to be
computed as one day. The question
becomes of special importance now
that leap year (1880) is at hand.
To illustrate, suppose that a note be
drawn on the2Bth of February, A. I).
1880, at one day after date. If the
2Hth and 29th bo counted as one day
then the note would mature on the
4th of iMarch, but otherwise on the
.'{rd. If on the 3rd, clearly protest on
the 4th would not hold the indorsers.
Vice versa, if the rule of computation
be to count separately the 28th and
2iM.li of February, the protest on the
4th will be of no avail.
The question in Indiana was sujf
gestcd by the fact that there ten day's
previous service of process is neces
sary for a judgment. And the cause
having been begun in the last leaf)
year, 1 87 #», the process was not served
in time, if the 28th and 2!Mh days of
February were to IH> computed as one
day. And the Court held that they
must be so counted.— St. Louis Times'
Journal.
—A modern philosopher say* that
men do not go to » pantry to buy
pants.
—The ladies of San Francisco have
decided that fcvo must and shall have
0 rttuWe.
ANNUAL HE VIEW OF THE
PETROLEUM BUSINESS.
The petroleum business during the
year just closed has been marked by
many results never before attained.
Sto well's Petroleum Reporter savs:
The enoimous production of crude
(nearly 20,000,((00 barrels), exceeded
the production of any previous year by
about ">,000,000 barrels. The average
price of crude at the wells lor the year
was 91$ cents por barrel, being 39*
less than for the year 1874, which has
been considered heretofore the cheap
oil year. The number of wells drilled
during the year was 3,038, which
number was not greatly in excess of
former years, only about 6J per cent,
of the wells completed proved to be
dry or worthless against 11£ per cent
of dry holes developed in 1878. The
shipments out of the producing regions
have been larger than in any previous
year, amounting to nearly 16,000,000
barrels, which exceeded the shipments
of 1878 nearly two and a quarter mil
lion barrels. The accumulation of
stock in the producing regions of
Pennsylvania during the year has been
without a parallel in the history of the
trade; the amount of stock January 1,
1879, was 4,615,299 barrels, and on
January 1, 1880, 8,470,490 barrels,
being an increase of 3,855,191 barrels
in 1879. The great Northern, of Brad
ford district, has contributed largely to
these results; in fact, for the last two
years this field has been the chief point
of interest in the oil * country, where
most of the operators have congregated
and most of the developments have
taken place. In the last five years
about 6,000 wells were drilled, 5,100 of
which are now producing oil at the
rate of about 45,000 barrels per day.
The total production in that district
from August, 1875, to December 31,
1879, has been 21,991,544 barrels, and
the shipments out have been 25,771,-
214 barrels, leaving a stock in tanks
of about 6,250,000 barrels. The
exports of petroleum for the year have
been unprecedentedly large, exceeding
all former years by many million gal
lons. The stocks held in European
ports are also quite large, exceeding
the amount held at the same time in
1878 some 500,000 barrels.
The maximum production of crude
petroleum in the Pennsylvania oil
fields was reached in August, 1879.
Since that time the production has
undoubtedly been steadily on the
decline, and from present indications
we may look for a continued decline,
slowly but surely, until some new and
now unknown field shall be found
which shall yield the precious fluid
bountifully.
There was a steady increase of stock
at the wells during the first eight
months of the year which was not
reported and did not go into the account
in making up productions and stocks.
The pipe lines prior to September did
not take from the wells their production,
which was evident from the overflow
ing tanks everywhere to be seen in the
Bradford district. Since the month of
August the wells have not only been
relieved, but the lines have been taking
all the productions and steadily draw
ing on well stocks. The month of
Deceml)er shows that the stock at the
wells has been re pie ted about 182,250
barrels, which we have credited to pro
ductions and stock bv distributing
7,750 barrels a day through the first
eight months of the year.
COST OF ILLINOIS
The Chicago Tribune prints an old
document of considerable historic in
terest. It is a deed of conveyance of
land hearing date July 20, 1773. The
parties of the first part in the transac
tion are ten Indian chiefs of the dif
ferent tribes of the Illinois nations of
Indians, representing all of them, and
the parties of the second part are 22
white men of Philadelphia and Pitts
burgh, Penn., and London, England.
The premises conveyed by the Indians
to these white men are two several
tracts of land, viz: First, the tract
now commonly known as Southern
and, second, the remainder of the State
to the northern border, and a portion
of Southern Wisconsin. The consid
eration for this immense traet of land,
including the whole of the StaU* Il
linois and a good part of Wisconsin,
is thus expressed in the deed : "Two
hundred and sixty strouds, 250 blank
ets, 350 shirts, 150 pairs of stroud and
half-thick stockings, 150 stroud breech
cloths, 500 pounds of gunpowder,
4,000 pounds of lead, one gross of
knives, !0 pounds of vcrmillion, 2,000
gun Hints, 200 pounds of brass kettles,
200 pounds of tobacco, 3 dozen of gilt
looking-glasses, 1 gross of fire-steels, 16
dozens of gartering, 10,000 pounds of
flour, 500 bushels of Indian corn, 12
horses, 12 horned cattle, 20 bushels of
salt, and 20 guns, the receipt whereof
we do hereby acknowledge." These
articles having l»een "paid and deliv
ered in full council," the deed was
signed and executed before a French
notary public at Kuskaskia Village.
ONCK upon a time, "not very long
ago," a certain man got mad at the
editor and stopped his paper. The
next week ho sold all his corn at four
cents below the market price ; then his
property was sold for taxes liecause he
didn't read the Sheriff's sales ; he was
arrested and fined $8 for going hunting
Sunday, simply because he didn't
know it wiis Sunday, and he paid $:$00
for a lot of forged notes that had l>een
advertised two weeks and the public
cautioned not to negotiate them. He
then paid a big Irishman, with a foot
like a forge hammer, to kick him all
the wuy to a newspa|>er office, where
he pai«j four years' subscription in
advance, and made the editor sign au
agreement to knock him dowu and rob
him if be ever ordered his paper stop
ped again.
—Down at New Orleans the other
day they were going to try some new
heavy guns, and set out the target—
made of 18-iocb iron—tbonlgbt before.
The D«xt morning it wa» found to be
split and battered, and several irregu
lar holes knocked clean through It. A
thought less man had turned his mule
out to grae io tbkt vfdflity,
THE DEAD LETTER OFFICE.
SOME INTERESTING INFORMATION TOR
YOUTHFUL LETTER WRITERS.
[From Harper's Young People.]
Of course all of you have heard of
the Dead Letter Office at Washington,
and I suppose you have the same vague
idea that I had until I went there and
learned better, that it is a place where
letters are sent when they tail to reach
those for whom they are intended, and
are thence returned to the writers.
Really, now, I believe this is what
most grown up people think too; but
in truth, it is such a wonderful place
that I am sure you will be surprised
when I tell you souie of the things
you may find there, and I think when
you come to Washington it will be
one of the first places you will wish to
visit.
You will be surprised to learn that
something over four millions of letters
are sent to the Dead Letter Office every
year.
There are three things that render
them liable to this: first, being un
claimed by persons to whom they are
addressed ; second, when some import
ant part of the address is omitted, as
James Smith, Maryland; third, the
want of postage.
For the second cause mentioned
above about sixty-five thousand letters
were sent to the Dead Letter Office
during the past year; for the third,
three hundred thousand, and three
thousand had no address whatever.
When these letters reach the Dead
Letter Office, they are divided into two
general classes, viz.: Domestic and
Foreign, the latter being returned un
opened to the countries from which they
started.
The domestic letters, after being
opened, are classed according to their
contents. Those containing money are
called "Money Letters;" those with
drafts, money-orders, deeds, notes, etc.,
"Minor Letters;" and such as inclose
receipts, photographs, etc., "Sub-Mi
nors." Letters which contain any
thing, even a postage stamp, are re
corded, and those with money or drafts
are sent to the Postmasters where the
letters were first mailed, for them to
find the owners and get a receipt.
From $35,000 to $50,000 come into the
office in this way during tho year, but
a large portion is restored to the
senders, and the remainder is deposited
in the United States Treasury to the
credit of the Postoffice Department.
When letters contain nothing of
value, if possible they are returned to
the writers. There are clerks so expert
in reading all kinds of writing that
they can discern a plain address where
ordinary eyes could not trace a word.
And such spelling! Would you
ever imagine that Galveston could bo
tortured into "Calresdon," Connecticut
into "Kanedikait," and Territory into
"Teartoir ?"
Recently the Postmaster General
has found it necessary to issue very
strict orders about plain addresses, and
a great many people have tried to l>e
witty at his expense. I copied this
address from a postal card :
Alden Simmons,
Savanah Township,
Ashland County, State of Ohio;
Age, 29; Occupation, Lawyer;
Longitude West from Troy 2°;
Politics, Republican ;
Street Main,
No. 249,
Box I.OOS.
Color, White;
Sex, Male;
Ancestry. Domestic;
For President, 1880,
U. S. Grant.
TOO GREAT A TEMPTATION.
[MiiMouri Republican.]
Some years ago a very fine echo was
discovered on an Fnglishman's estate.
Ho was proud of it, of course, and ex
cited considerable envy by its exhibi
tion. One of his neighbors, who owned
an adjoining estate, felt especially cha
grined, but was greatly encouraged by
an Irishman, who went over the lands
with the hope of discovering one some
where. He declared himself successful
in finding the most wonderful echo
ever heard, and stood ready to unfold
his secret for a large of sum money. The
nobleman listened to the echo, and al
though there was some thing peculiar
about it, ho paid the money. An after
noon was set for his friends to come
and listen to the marvelous discovery.
"Hullo!" cried in stentorian tones the
Hibernian who had promised to find an
echo. "Hullo I" came back from the
hillside yonder. "How are you ?"
yelled one of the company, and echo
answered in a suspiciously different
key, "How are you ?" All went well
until just before retiring one of the
company, putting his hands to his
mouth, cried: "Will you have some
whiskey ?" Such a question would dis
cover the character of uny reasonable
echo. It was certainly too much for the
one which had been discovered on that
estate. Judge of the surprise of the
party when the answer came back in
clear, affirmative tones: "Thank you
sir; I will, if you please." The poor
fellow, who had lieen stationed at a
distance to supply the place of an echo,
simply submitted to too great a temp
tation.
HE ON THE WATCH. —Another new
swindle is going around, and this time
on the agriculturists. A gentlemanly
fellow drives up with census blanks
for statistics of the farm—bushels of
wheat, number of cattle rnisnd, acres
under cultivation, etc. Between the
tables and the foot of the page, where
the farmer signs his name, attesting
the statement, is a blank space, whose
existence is accounted for as affording
room for miscellaneous information In
a mouth moro the farmer receives no
tice from a neighboring bank that bis
note for $l5O is due. He knows noth
ing of tho Bote, hut investigation
shown that the "census taker" has
tilled in tho blank with a promise to
pay, which, being now in the hands
of to innocent bolder, must be paid by
the unlucky dupe
f m i*m
—The reason why a man steals an
umbrella is because he does not like to
I go out io tbo nfa sod bomrvotj*
APYEKTIBISW BATEI,
Otfl cue luvrfir.n, «1 rs. h "r.i.o
queut itittoitiun, M rutit*. l.arly ativeumi-iii, i,ra
exceeding one-fourth of a column, tS per inch.
. Figure work doable these rite*; additiunai
charges wUare WMUJ or monthly change* are
made. Local advertisements 10 cents per line
for ttr»t insertion, and 5 cents per line for each
additional insertion. Main ages and deaths pub
lished free of charge. Obit nary notices charged
as advertisements, and payable when handed in
Auditors' Notices, t-4 ; Executors' and Adminix
trators' Notices. #3 each; Estray, Caution au<*
Dissolution Notices, not exceeding ten lines,
each.
From the fact that the CITI7.ES is the oldes'
established and most extensively circulated Re
Eublican newspaper in Butler county, (a Repufc
can county) it most be apparent to busineei>
men that it is the medium they should use in
advertising their business.
NO. 11.
CHAPTER ON COURT HOUSES
Burdette, in a recent number of the
Haickeye, gives a chapter on Court
Houses which will be appreciated bv
all who have heard the echoes rever
berate in our own court room. It
reads as follows:
"The meanest thing in the world to
speak in is a court house. I have of
ten wondered whv the architects of
court houses were not always hanged
at the dedication of the building. A
court house is built to talk in. The
court room is made for that purpose.
The architect, the contractor, and the
builder well know that. And if the
court house is a very cheap, shabby,
old fashioned sort of an affair, worth
$950, the chances are that a man
speaking from the bench can he heard
half way to the door. But if it is a
handsome affair and costs the county
anywhere from one hundred and fifty
thousand to half a million dollars,
then the lawyer, climbing into the laps
of the jurors, and bellowing his elo
quence in their several respective ears,
can make himself heard. Why, the
reason why the judge always writes
out his charge to the jury, and the
foreman always brings in the verdict
in writing, is because, in most court
houses, the jury would never know
anything about the charge, and the
court would never know whether the
prisoner had !>eon hanged or awarded
a premium of #2OO, if the human voice
alone was the medium of communica
tion. Did you ever hear anything a
judge ever said in a court room ? Not
if the court house was any bigger
than a smoke house von didn't.
"Why, in the finest court rooms in
America, the jurors never hear any of
the evidence, and the judge doesn't
hear as much of it as they do. And
then, when the beautiful court house
is completed, and the people find they
have a court room that harbors more
echoes than a l>eer garden has voices,
they usually, acting on the counsel of
the architect who spoiled their room,
kill the echo by stretching wires across
the ceiling, back and forth, until the
room looks like the general office of
the Western Union telegraph company,
outside view. Then the flies roost on
these wires, and the spiders decorate
theiu with festoons, in which wander
ing bugs and things are caught, and it
adds greatly to the beauty of the room.
"Sometimes, in rare instances, I
have heard of several, though I never
knew of one, these wires kill the echo.
Sometimes they tangle half a dozen
small ones up into one large one. of
the guttural, rumbling kind, and then
you couldn't hear a gun if you fired it
off in that room."
LEAP YEAR LAW. —For the benefit
of the young "ladyes" and "old
inaydes" of ye ancient borough our
bachelor has hunted up an old law
whose predecessor had bben enacted in
the chivalrous days of "merre Eng
lande." This one' made liberal pro
vision for young women troubled with
young nun who would spark but never
blaze into a proposal. The one un
earthed by the aforesaid bachelor was,
in fact, the incorporation of this one in
colonial times into the statute books of
Penn's colony and there it is still,
never having been repealed and unre
stricted in its application to modern
cases of long-drawn-out courtships.
Stripped of its verbiage its provisions
are as follows: "Any girl who has sat
the customary number of nights until
12 o'clock since the last Leap Year
with the same young man, has an in
alienable right to pop the question.
Should the same girl devote all Sunday _
afternoon to the same young man, and
feed him liberally and frequently during
this period, his refusal to take her
makes him liable to l>e fined and in
carcerated in the deepest dungeon
beyond the moat.
if it can l>e shown that any "mayd"
beyond the age of thirty-six and so on
has for the said jieriod of time (viz:
since the last leap year) focused her
affections on any particular young man
—that she has" diligently sought to
keep and hold him by divers means
known to the sex, and striven to kindle
the anient flames in his boßom—can,
under the provisions of this act, drag
the said hardened young man to the
nearest Magistrate and give him his
choice of supporting her for life as her
lawful husband or enlisting in the ser
vice of his graeious Majesty the King.''
CONCERNING THE CENSUS.—The pen
alties for obstructing the census takers,
who begin their labors on the first
Monday in June, are severe. The law
says: All persons above the age of
twenty-one years who shall refuse to
furnish the information required by the
Supervisor or enumerator shall forfeit
and pay a sum not exceeding SIOO, to
!>e recovered in an action of debt.
Presidents, Directors, or other officials
of private corporations who refuse to
furnish information required of them
are made liable to a penalty not to
exceed SIO,OOO. Only two weeks are
allowed for' the completion of tho
census.
man has no objection to Angelina con
sorting with an autograph album full
of ladies, one laddie at the garden gate
for five minutes will make him look as
black as a new base burner. Why is
this thus?
No matter how low down a man
gets in the world, there are two things
he can always get somehow or other
good advice ami hail whisky.
The small boy never wishes he
was twins except when two different
Sundav school Christinas trees are l>c
ing hold the same evening.
—"Foregoes" was the wort! given
out at a written spoiling o*rcise re
cently ; and oue llttlo l»oy bonded in,
"Go, g<>, go, go."
"This IB a high-handed outrage,"
as the boy remarked when be found
that his mother had put the cookies oo
the upper sbelf.
—Fried oysters aro declared un
healthy and dangerous, bat lots of folks
: vflfl tfn rtafcioff tb# obnfc**