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I., i t . - ' ' ' r - - --n-h,-- hB-a-5a-.it 11 mi linrnA-tmuyrn,.., .... . i.ni,r-., ,, -r-, . . rn-
ritui b iti . it- -t . V ' " . - - 1 .
mil . Jf5 . - j-
THE. WHOLE ART OF GOVERNMENT CONSISTS IN THE ART OF BEING HONEST. JEFFERSON;
VOL. . 1L
ST-ROUDSBURG, MONROE COUNTY, PA, THURSDAY," SEPTEMBER 4," 1851.
No.oQ
Published by Theodore School..
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Eore of other Years.
DY EDWARD J. PORTER.
When summer's flowers are weaving
Their perfume-wreaths in air,
And the zephyr's wings, receiving,
The lovc-gifls gently bear;
Then memory's spirit stealing,
Lifts up the veil' she wears,
In all their light, revealing
The loved of other yeare.
When summer stars arc shining
In the deep blue midnight sky,
And .their. brilliant rays, entwining,
-Weave coronals on high ;
When the. fountain's waves arc singing
In tpnes night only hears,
Then sweet thoughts waken, bringing,
4 -The loved of other years!
The flowers around me glowing.
The midnight star's pure gleams,
The fountain's ceaseless glowing,
Becall life's fondest dreams.
When all is bright in Heaven,
And tranquil are the spheres,
To the sweet thoughts are given.
The loved of other years !
Our Country.
KISTOUY OF THE DECLARATION OF IXDEPEND;
v ENCE.
. This was the subject of a lecture some time 1
since delivered in New York, by the Rev.
Jared Sparks. Perhaps there is no man in
ln- onuntnr Tint tor nnnl ifinr? tn trirrc n ppTirn t n
.v-j fc, --
information on this interesting topic. Mr.
Sparks states tnat it was a long time alter
thc stru2:l . commenced, before'the Ameri
can people had thc remotest idea of claiming
their independence. Indeed, no private letter
lias yet been found, written before 1775, in
which the idea of independence is ever allu
ded to. The colonies required reconciliation
and redress, and these were all thev for along
I
time claimed or contended for. In England,
however, the matter was agitated as early as
1774 ; and Colonel Cartwright, and others,
wrote a pamplet entitled " American Inde
pendence," and urging parliament to declare
the colonies free. Dean Tuckeralso earnestly
contended in the same spirit It is said, how
ever that Dr. Franklin was anxious that the
colonies should take a stand for independence
as early as 1774 ; but even the Continental j
Congress was for reconciliation, and Mr. Jay,
John Adams, Jefferson, and Washington, all
declared that the colonies did not desire inde
pendence. But subsequent events, -andfur-lher
oppression, roused them to a bolder
stand, and individuals assumed a loftier and a
more indignant tone.
On the 4th of June, 1785,- General Green
in-a letter to a friend, recommended the im
mediate declaration of Indepence; and as
soon as the news of the battle of Lexington
reached Mecklinburg County, North Carolina
the authorities assembled the inhabitants in
convention, at which resolutions were drawn
COuveiltlUll, ut wiwtu iceujuuuiio ncic uiaivu
un and signed by 27 declaring that " these
Colonies are and of right ought to be free and !
0 . i
independent." These resolutions were lost
eight of and when-again brought before the
public in 1818, they - excited a great deal of
surprise. By some, among the rest Thomas
Jefferson, they were thought to be spurious.
This excited considerable feeling in Noth Ca
rolina, and the Ligislature of that State ap
pointed a committee to investigate the matter
and report ' The result was that -they were
proven to be genuine.
In 1776, Thomas Paine published his Es
says, entitled " Common Sense," which were
widely circulated, toid read witlfavidity. In
them he urged the necessity of a declaration
of independence; .and none, said Mr Sparks,
dare deny him the Honor which, is due him
for these powerful efforts, in one of which
he held ,the following language : " The pre
sent state of America is truly alarming to
every maji capablc . of reflection. Without
law, without government, without any other
kind of power than is granted by courtesy
legislation without law a constitution with
out a name and what is truly astonishing,
perfect independence strugglingfor depend
dence?" ' "
The-first legislative mocmejQtorJnlepen
dcc.ee .was on thc 7b ,of April, 1?77C, inHhe
Legislature of Nbrth Caroling. Abou araontli
afterwards, Virginia ?3iemeaufeh a
more tangible shape; and to her properly be
longs the immortal honor of having made
thd first decisive step towards freedom in its
most extensive sense.
In Congress, in June following, Richard
Henry Lee moved that Congress do declare
the colbnies free and independent The mat- be gathering around the rocks for their night
ter. was postponed ; but in the meantime a iy rest or for shelter.. The difference of illu-
--wuuiuee was appointed to tiratt a deciara-
uou, oi wnicu ur. -jeiierson was Chairman.
On the 8th and 10th of June, the subject was
again taken up and again dropped. Ou the
28th of J une, Mr. J efFerson reported his draft,
and on the 1st of J uly the celebrated Virgin-
ia resolutions were passed. About one-fourth
of the original draft was. stricken out, and as
amended it was passed byt unanimous vote,
with the. exception of Mr. Dickinson, of
Pennsylvania, who had perhaps contributed
(strange as it may appear) as' much to the
declaration as any man, and was afterwards
a warm and efficient advocate of the inter-
csts of his country. On the 4th of July,1776,
the colonies were solemnly declared free and
independent The delegation from New
xoriv, MgiiL-u uiu uuciranon on in. xoin oi
-uiv. AiuuHg- uiu paragragns Binciien out
T..1..'
Among tne paragragns stneuen out'
t . .1
was one censuring the importation of Slaves,
WillPh WH5 rlnno tn npnnmnili f n tlin lolorrntoo
from South Carolina and Georgia. ' '
A A T1 . : ! J '
-fecial aiiun w.i signeo, a copy
was sent to eacn or ine colonies, to ue reaa
publichT to the people. The reading Was
generally accompanied, with the ringing of
the bells and firing of cannon. The Con
tinental army was then in New York and
Washington ordered the declaration to be read
on parade, where it was received with marked.
demonstrations of approbation.
0 4l O 1 I 4 . 1 T 1
v w Vl -"S"ot wu,auu,,iSm .nrrnnfimmlnnnf nlniwla ?n tl.o rTnrfli
was engrossed
on parchment and signed,
which
is the copy in the Department ofl
J . l ... t
State from which the common fac similies
are taken.
In conclusion, Mr. Sparks observed, that
it seemed specially ordered by Providence that
the Declaration should be made just at the
t. :f f .1 r 1 c t) , l
' . . ' T "
oomunioners arnveu wun oners 01 reconci-,
j-p .
liation,and, had the measure being delayed,
it is impossible to tell what might have been
the result - v
No one, indeed tvho closely remarks the
history of 'the American Revolution, can fail;' ky they arc, on the contrary, most in the silly charge. He may go to the bosom of; resorting to numerous expedients, he deter
to .trace the linger ot Providence m .its most' , , , . . .,J. ... his own party, and find scarce six men who! mined to teach them to forirct thcir mother
important events.
Thc Total Eclipse of the n;:, as
hceiE 011 the t'oas-t of It7o.iva.y.
fPhp S!nffvinin line a tinnr intarnctinrr im
munication from the Astronomer Royal of glad to have enjoyed its teachings for a Ion-' SSC attennt??n the el? S
Scotland, who obtained a steamer from the ger space of time, and should have been a- . political friend now in nomination in Missis
Commissioners of the Northern Lighthouses, larmed, indeed, if it had not happened as it sipplas the Secession candidate for Governor
and permission from the Swedish authorities 1 did, and with such wonderful accuracyto the Wh7 dcs he'not make the charge general
to Jand on an3T Part of lhe coa-t of Norway,
it. r ii i
He was accompanied by Rev
Dr. Robinson,
of the Armagh Observatory,
A station was
selected on one of the outlyin"- Blue Islands, ' the clouds brightened up, and the darkness support to the charge) I repeat
in lat. 61 deg. 20 min. ThS was in the deemed to be wafted vissibly away to the , ?nf "h a -to man"fa,c.tur? s
centre of the line of shadow, and a clea? ho-
rizon in the direction of. the sun at the time
of the eclipse was obtained. The
weather
was very inauspicious, the morning
beinir
0
cloudy, and immediately after the total ob-
scuration a deluge of rain fell. We copy the
main portion of this, account :
"The instruments were landed at an early
1 ., j
hour, and there were sufficient glimpses
of the sun through the clouds to obtain the
necessary observations for time and for
latitude: and before the commencement
of
the eclipse each observer was told off
with his instruments prepared, and with
a code of instructions. These, too were so
arranged-that, by a division of labor, it was ;
hoped 1 that, although the important oartof the1 -
iiupm mat, aiujuufeiiui. inipuru-ntparLOi uiui
eclipse was of so short duration and the num- (
ber of phenomena to be noted so many and
'
'
.--w, j w.v v.. .....w.
to the- purely astronomicol bearings of thtf'
case or to cosmical or to terrestrial physics,
could be well lost shrht of : that is. weather
only nermittinfr: but this was by nomcausso
O '
favorable as could have been
however, the commencement
was very fairly observed, and
seen during its progress to enable tneoDserv -
' . . .
ors to take accurate notes of some spots on
the sun and of mountains on the edge of the
I . . ....
moon, so as to be prepared to state their de-
gree of connexion, as regards place, to those
wondrous tongues of liirht and the variations
of the corona, inexplicable and the most im-
w
portant of all phenomena presented during a.
LOUii UClipbU. X Urtlier. lUe lllbiaXJtOl COm-
... I! 4. 1 l . If
pletc obscuration was observed very accurate -
jv, unu duuiu jm.t--coi.uiLf jeuiuruB were ru-
marked, tending to explain anomalies per
ppivp.if in former total ecliDses. and indicating
a ranid fluctuation in the degree of brightness
1 '
Ul Wit; -Ulio ouimxvi
Un -i, no i,rlnP
Imme.diately after this, however, the clouds
became so very thick that the
epiersion.ot
the sun was not seen at all, and heavy rain
beginning soon after, continued through thc
rest of tiie evening, i-ui me lerreeumi h
,irli?h mnrp ntfpntinn r.ntild be
turned on the loss of the celeftial ones, were
ofanatureabundantlySufficienttoSan'sfyany;rcPlwiH
sou! caoable of entering inland appreciating no differencey ictfc zs mo as mad as'
it-i ?..!-: ' ?' J IVWn . . " . .
ttie aWIUl'ttOQ the SUDl'ie.,,, , ., ; f
As the totality approached the air felt sensibly-colder
at every moment, and the dark
ness "plainly increased ; the clouds' seemed to
lower, and under the sun was seen an appear
ance of rushing, descending streams of them
t while the sRa-liirls .ihnearnrl hv thmr nnisp tn
mination had also become very marked on
the mountains at different distances, those
far from us bemg T,roght out with a vivid-
ess and distinctness which made our own
increasing gloom th more observable. Sud-
denly , at the moment of totality, the very ex-
tremity of darkness seemed to fall upon us.
Notso, however, absolutely, for the rain clouds
I which cosed in the greatcr part of tie hori.
ZOn, left open a strip of sky extending from
! N w to E N E and two or three degrecs
highj and which at this moment became of a
; dark lurid orange coor vergh)g from red QJt
j one side t0 greenish on the otherf nd enal)!ed
us barey tQ see each other by a faint un.
carthly sort of light . small handiampSj fifty
or sixty yards off in a holl were ns vissi.
; We as in Q dark nj ht and with thcir red col,
mntrnstPrl stranirplv with tl.n nnr.,1
! . - nnmtM :m,,:-f-i -.,,,
V VlVJblilU 4L1JL1111 1J UIUUWU
' --.
Butthc appearance of the country, seen
through that lurid opening under the clouds,
wag the most appalling.
Though standing
. in the centre of the shadow, Ave could yet,
y reason or meir great neignt, see tne distant
peaks of the lofty Jostedals and Dovrefjield
mountains still illuminated by the rays of the
bv the ravsof the
sun descending upon them from on high; but
, . " . . , , '
.approximation to the appearance might be
I ohtninpfl hv wntrhino- thp nnnnrtnnirv nf n
V O wrr J w-
from the CaIton hm
I wmka.H w w vaUVW m f M I4v ill b w llVi bU
during a
midsummer's .
., , . ,. .,7, ,
midnight: -but still it would be only an an -
proximation, for never have we observed all
the light of heaven and earth so entirely con-
fined to one narrow strip alon"- the horizon,
never tint nppuliir Ornish Iip A npvnr
never that peculiar greenish hue, and never
Kh , n 1 r , , -1 1
I that aPPcarance of outer darkness m the place
of observation, and of extensive distance in
tll vprfr nfth , - nn MIiepil. 1h- nc
. .
by the hllls there h2 more highly illumi-
rnmated ps they receded by a less and less e-
. clinsed sun : while in a morninrr or cveninrr
thrown forward.
Though none of us were unmoved with
gratitude at having been allow.ed to witness
such a spectacle, though we-should have been
computed time ; yet certain feelings of relief
I : 1 ...1 1 :j i i :
! were experienced when the lurid streak in
the sky suddenly changed to yellew, when
southeast,
1 The sea-birds that had stopped their scream-
ing during the darkness now reappearad ; but
I '
the wild Norsemen of those rooty isles, who
had congregated so curiously arond us during
( the commencement of the eclipse, when the
j light returned, where were they I Gone to
hide themselves in their huts, thinking that
: .i i r 1 .
they were m the jaws of destruction, among
the stones of darknesss, and in the shadow of
-'death. Such we heard afterward was the
' general feeling among them all along the
coast, even beyond the limits of total obscu -
ration. Horses and even oxen began to wend
their wav homewards, and noultrv to flv un
1
to their roosts ; but one farmer informed us'
Uiat an amusing scene of confusion" took place
to t- v (
when the fowls found the darkness coming
on so quickly that they could not all get (
Dlaced on their Derchos in time : and then a-'
4 ------ t - , -
gain, wheit they found, by the quickly return -
. ing light, that they had had a false alarm.
I .. .... . . .
We also heard that there had been over all
that line ofthe country such excessive rain
I T 1 I 1- t r1. . -1
, nau uie goou iucjt 10 idokc uny accuruw ou-
' servations ; a circumstance" the more fortu -
nate, inasmuch as that was the earliest part
f T-l t-- 1 1 ;.
01 iurope visiiea oy me suauow in 11a pro-
' gress from west to east.
I These observations will, of course, appear
...... . . i. .
elsewhere in due time, and ma ditlerent lorm;
1 . ' e t .
wished Still that day, that our party, enabled by the light- 'yVf voiu upon it wa nut ia. mn.i ease, eacn 01 wmun is, aoparaieiy, auuut
e i v hnn Inm.r tn tnlf, .,n t!,o nP,.,l r nn.iinn the day ofthe seEslon- H-was then passed, 1 ten times as large as this State,) that lies
of the eclipse house steamer to take up the peculiar po north of the Oanndns, and the United
sufficient was wc did, was probably the only one that had one hour previom to adjournment, after a vote, j ;f- nnaanJinna 'P1,Q fi,
out meantime some general idea oi wi.at,der ft propcr 6ense of self-respcct and a prop -
f .n tifiinnrcni mnir nnf r itnfinrtAnfnh n flin
ua YHiit-occu mar uuw uc uuuuuwiu w uiu
l
' public at large
"Mr. Jenkins," said mine host of the Swan,
! , " "i . i
"as you always come in late, have you any
Won tp tins gentleman occupying your
I lioH until thp ain rrp nr)pj nut 7"
I DO.
"Not in tho least. I will be infinitely
nliliiTPl tn vnn 5f vnn nut him there, so flint
J 1 . - '
. . 11
TP I ITf
' .
xutch. .6
! who being pressed to stay a- little longer ' uppn the subject.at so late an hoiu; was
HI mnVp'nlnce the Esccntitie in an awkward positi
. . .
j rff ' i,v" : u '.
Gov.. Johnston's Speech at Erie.
The Eric Gazette, brings us an excellent
report of the speech delivered by Gov. John
ston at Erie, which we yould be glad to pub
lish at length, did our limited space permit it,
but we have only room for the concluding
portion of it:
"IJiave thus, fellow-citizens, endeavored,
; i , - '
LI -5a.nka. Cand,d .m-anner' .l.0 exPresS.
you my opinions on the questions bearimr
most directly on the next election. I have
given you my view's freely and fully. Hav
ing, as Delore stated, no concealments, I could
not do otherwise. I am, in word, in favor of
of the reduction and gradaul extinction of
the Public Debt by means of a sinking fund
of an economical and judicious administration
of State affairs, and of a wisely framed pro
tective Tariff, such as the interests ofPenn
sylvania require.
I had, supposed, fellow-citizens, that these
were properly the questions connected with
the campaign, but ouropponints tell us there
are others. A distinguished gentleman, whose
longing eyes have for many years been fixed
upon the. Presidency, has taken it upon him
self to make other issues, and "to alledge that
if I am re-elected the Union is virtually dis
solved ! If such is the result, fellow-citizens,
I honestly tell you I do not wish to be elec
ted ! I think too much of our ndmirnhln svs-
' te,n government, too mi
J tem of government, too much, of nnr frlnrinns
I Union be instrumental in producing such
. " . .7 o
n r.ntnstrnnlip. T think tnn rrmr.Ii nf trip nnhln
State in which I live: a State in which I was
born, and ont of which I have no interests, to
Mend myself, either directly or indirectly, to the
, work of dissolving the Union. Suppose the U-
niontobedissolved,what would be thecondition
of Pennsylvania. She would be the Belgium
upon which the beligerant parties would meet;
would be the border of the State i the ground
would be the border of the btate f the ground
uPn wfhich e battle of brother with brother,
land father with father, would be fought. Can
i it be that a man who has no interests bevond
the limits of the State, would consent to be
' trip pffimpnt. ncrpnt. nf thus iloliio-innr its fiplils '
I " fc O - O
and Cities W1U1 numajl DIOOd, and maKinfT It
i - I.J
the scene of war and desolation. The idea
is preposterous, and unworthy of a moment's
1 L--;-r.
But a very different object is had in view
in making the charge. He whose aspiring
DI00d woum reacn me. mcI iUals""acy ot
thls Unlon' but cannot rcach ltsave upon thc
basi of SQmQ , be hnmhus ave espres.
0asis or sme palpable liumuug, gave expres-
sion to t n order that he might introduce an
issue which would enable him to gratify his
ambitious lonsinos. But he is dooomed to
disappointment He must reach the Presi-
dmk by othc , hde Q
nue through which to gull and humbug the
' neonle. Verv few. if anv. will bplinvn thp
dissolved by the result of a single State elec -
tiori.
; Why is the atttention of the " aspiring
: House of Lancaster" thus directed to me !
w, do , . , ho Reve
. J . o .
ucun- nis oecession inunus in uiu oouui-:
God gave me- breath entertained a thought,
since
or uttered a sentijnent, giving semblance and
he 'has so
some capi
tal in Pennsylvania, to aid him in gratifying
T 1 C JTk 31 rl r t- fin 1 r r- r 1 to f 1r A mrr I mr-
will be.
! No Pennsylvanian is in favor of the dtsso-
r TT TVT- T, 1
-1UUU Ul unjo"; iiyjvamau
! ll'nil f cite, n in n nn,irl,il4fn frif nfiinn T niflinr
party wbo had expressed, or would dare ex-
press, a single sentiment favoring so direful
a result, v I- have mingled freely with the
Pple, and never found one whose loyalty
whose devotion to the Union, I could for a
moment EUspect Why there is a vastly
more difference of opinion respecting our
common Religion. Men may differ and do
ainer, upon tnatsuojcci; due m rcgaro 10 me
, V- TT . nll Jn nntAL-U
stand together, and, if needs be, will fight
toirether.
' . - ... . ..
Urie ot the arguments, icllmy-cit.zens ,
TIt"1 f 1,1
to the Tjnion Js bnsed p0n a law refusing our
State prisonerstoFugitiveSlaves,passcd in the
session of 1847 a law which has remained
upon the statute book for the space of full four
. - Jntotrrifv nfffip TT
, ?"
last a bin d tl e genate repCaling this
4
. law, and immediately went to the House,
i where, through the action.of its Democratic
1
-f l!.l 1 1 1 . .1 4 C.--7.
ul mauKB unu uwu remrueu iu m ai -
1 -r u
. , , dinosed of The Constitution
1 J . .
secures to the Executive ten days to examine
and decide upon tho enactments of the two
( Houses.and believing that in the instance refer-
T w"-7.";: 7 "" f T nf .
rni rn t onnflpt wnRin nrnr prnw i nan ear v
' ww-jwv-..w... -7 1 ,
tuuuiicuvuiiDHiuuuiiun iihi
' M . Hn-A H !nM T mm. inlnrvAn nnl i nf inr- 1 il
au JUJUllltlUli Ul UJV uiiuiui-uo unu uuui,d, uiu
1 "J . i
not feel myself bound to act upon the
bill
particu -
repress -
within the limited period assigned,
' krly when other engagements of more pi
inc importance claimed my attention. 1
. mtAhcQct occasion for
fur -
any
particular hastc
Tho law had been in force
four years, and still the Union stood in all its
" 1 r. :--. Wrtll
j tcr, one ofthe advooatesbf its repeal, had pro- . J . - certain condition came ' comprehensive interrogatory.
i nounced it a Constitutional, though discour- in a c.ir,clf on certain conditions, came v unrP L j,r,j r.
teous enactment, so that the National Com- out with his colony in isid. They hour-. j. ir
pact could not be considered in any very im- whed and increased for sometime. In 1 be,iev e lt 8 connn 111 Putt Jair
minent dancer from a little delay in the dis- 1825, 1820 ant 1827, the Bed Biver1
r 1 r.l AArtll nnrcunripil nf title. 1 ,1 Ji.- 1.. ..1.- .1 . . ,1 ...,..(
and that the purpose had m view in actingvcreni di.tress, so much that-many of;
. .
i .! a! T7 .,.- in n rt o .Mvnr nncumn
whom,-con-18- an9thei;;uan would bid her Godspoefl.
K intond to keep it thereuntil- thelg .ol 'M'Pf rf' anois Langct, lUuhpifor.w.? think-too much of her sce hor
i.r,, t nmiiinturni I Schrimcr. Louis Chctlain.. Peter Kninui- -v.-aut lor anv- tlnu'r.
"j inreimj; ui im. --""iuiv
But, fellow-citizens, another argument em
ployed to. prove my hostility to the National
Union and Constitution is Tounded upon a
certain feature or certain features of the Com
promise measures which I have not chosen to
endorse. The Compromise measores, nroner-
ly speaking, have passed from the control of
the people. California has been admitted.
',uuu i a uiuuiu.i ui uiu v,onieaeracy, tne
to boundaries of New Orleans hive been fixed.
.1 : il. ri n i .,
L,w, tIl nAn :n 1h"l""J
llltnKn ,inB hppn nbni;R,1Pf1. ntlll nnun.ZTZ
lumbia has been abolished, and nobody can."
as I suppose nobody is desirous to, disturb
these' several acts ofViational legislation.
But the Fugitive Slave Law, passed in con
nection with these measures, does not occu
py precisely the same relation to the popular
judgment As a law of the land it is enti
tled to respect and obedience so lonas it is
a law. It was adopted, professedly, with a
view of fulfilling that provision of the Nation
al Constitution which recognizes the right of
slave-holders to recover fugitives from labor
escaping into other States; and having agreed
to that National Constitution, it is of course
our duty to carry the same into effect But
the. question here arises, has the Fugitive
Slave Law been so framed that this Constitu
tional provision can be carried fairly into ef
fect. I think not; and had I had? the honor
of a seat in Congress I should have voted a
gainst it, because it does not sufficiently
guard the rights of the colored population.
I have no false sympathy with that class; but
tljtey are human beings, possessing capacities
like ourselves, and as such are entitled to
just protection. For proof that the law may
and does not operate properly and equitably,
I refer you to the case of the alledged fugi
tive slave who was some months since brought
before Commissioner Ingraham of Philadel
phia, and upon very -slight -testimony reman
ded to the residence of his assumed owner in
the adjoining State of Maryland. On being
taken there, however, he nroved not to he the
! ncrsnn snnrht far tint! ir.rts set nt JHirfu
Cases like this are " constantly liable to nrin
i UUUI LUG m.V. KJU-iU"illUlll" il, X UU IUUIVL'U i
it a duty in my last Annual Message to the
Legislature to speak of it as requring modi
fication or amendment, so as to afford securi
ty against such hasty judgments. I yet think
it might be so changed as to protect better
; the rights of both master and slave. But we
are told that if we dare to modify the law, or
even b,lk about il the Government, is at an
I . , . . . . ',:.,.
end. To sa;
' ness of such
an assumption, deny the people
the right to discuss any and every measure of
! zens, be admonished by the example. Let
I us carefully guard against every attempt .to
take from us liberty of thought-and speech
Let us speak out boldly and fearlessly upon
every public question defend the cause of
right denounce all forms of rniton and as
a legitimate adjunct of the National Union,
and. the Constitution upon which it is based,
labor to spread far aud wide the blessings of
Human i r eedotn !
The Union, my fellow-citizens, is safe, what
ever designing politicians may allege to the
contrary; and I have adverted to the topics
last discussed not because' they are relevant
to the"present contest, or in any way threat
en the general peace and security, but because
they have been made issues by a distinguished
gentleman of Lancaster already alluded to,
who, through some means, would make him
self President The Union, I again say, and
say emphatically, will stand will stand
FOIl AGES TO COME AYE, WILL REMAIN FOR
EVER, A MONUMENT OF JIAN'S CAPACITY FOR
SELF-GOVERNMENT !
From the Galena (111.) Advertiser
The Selkirk Settleiiietal.
In the year 167Q, Charles I he Second
granted all the territory in North Amer
ica, subject to the British " Crown, that
was drained by waters flowing into ITud
san's Bay, to the Hudson's Bay Compa-
113' ana among otner privileges, tne ex
.1 .1 j it? P.
ana wamo in mra
wf8 r 7
, they ha-e extended their jurisdiction over
I the lands watered by the rivers that flow
jnt0 the Arctic Ocean and also that vast
I . . V?--i-U Ar,,-;-,.
viuulIl,1J wn ui
territory,
country west of thc Rocky Mountains
V UUUI1UUJ1.
no, embraces all .
! North America, (with thc exception of
1.1 "i 1
! the liussian possesions m tne extreme
1 .-.y-. .
north-west, and Urccnland in the north
i Domiiarv of the Comnanv conuncn-
including Arancouver's Island, and Jati-
, .1 ... Till
tude and extends on tins parallel 10
the south-eastern point of the Lake of
the Woods, thence on the highlands that
mvme mo uii wuuu uu iu.u a.
j.' :j i. i i-... i nim
Superior and thc St. .Lawrence. lrom
: r. intn ihaTr.dsQnB' pnst
. . . - .
T r rlirt A r 1 fi nrt fl I JPtflii-
So irmpti Yn tViP
1 Hudson's Bay Company and its posses -
' sions, both of which may become objects
1 m .
atwt w-i
; of interests in a lew years to us and our
1 neighborhood.
i.nvA Sullrirl' Lnvtnrr fo5nn,i n m.,f
( from tue Company of a territory cxten -
' the mot wealthv and influential citizens
. . .
I '
L
backer, Antonie Bricker, Paul Garberr
John Baptiste Yerain, John Tyrej, and
others', with their wives and families,
German Swiss from Geneva and tbat vi
cinity, speaking the Frencb language,
came down here and settled at Gratiot s
Groye. At that time there were large
smelting operations carried on by Col
Henry Gratiot.
The party we have named came out to
Selkirk in 1 817-the first band being near
ly all Scotchmen, but the second from the
Continent. Those emigrating here, the
most of whom are now living, have been
among our best citizens and worthy mem
bers of society, handing down thcir vir
tues to their children
The origin of the floods which did such
immense damage on Bed Biverj-in the
years we named, has never been satisfac
torily accounted for, but .it is surmised
that they came from the superabundant
water of the branches of the Missouri,
bursting over the low ridge-, which di
vides the water flowing into thc Gulf of
Mexico from that flowing into Hudson's
Bay.
The only tax the colonists of Bed Biver
pay is four per cent, on all the goods they
import, whether from England or ejsc
wherey and the Hudson's Bay Company
pay the same on all imports they sell or
consume within the limits of thc Bed
Biver 'Colony. The Company import
goods and mcrchamdize from England,
and charge thc consumer in the Colony
75 per cent., advances on the London in
voice prices, for freight, insurance, duty,
land carriage and profit. They sell bar
and sheet iron for 12 cents- a pound; su
gar, London crushed, 24-cents; tea from
50 cents to 2, and other articles in pro
portion. The imports for thc last five
years have averaged S100,000, from all
sources, and the 34,000 revenue is de
voted tcr schools, bridges, roads and in
ternal improvements; all salaries being
paid by the Company. The colonists
export comparatively, nothing the only
article that will pay being Furs (not in
cluding Buffalo Bobes,) on -which the
Hudson's Bay Company have a m6nopo
ly, over which they watch with a jealou3
eye.
Since the route has been opened and
traveled from Pembina to St. Paul, they
have commenced to bring forward mer
chandise. But wc learn that the late
train from Selkirk, of more than a hun
ered carts, has been met by a U.-S. Cus
tom House officer, above St. Paul, and
20 per cent, duty demanded of the Sel
kirk's on Buffalo Bobes, and 30 per cent,
on their Moccasins. The Minnesota
Democrat says that the Bed .River gen
tlemen express the assurance that they
can never pay that tax, and that hereaf
ter thej'willbe'obliged to avail themselves
of the boats and ships of the Company.
We presume Congress will look into this
matter, and discriminate in their favor
unless there exists good reasons for a
contrary course.
The cold is sometimes excessive in the
settlenfent. Mercury freezes once or
twice every year, and sometimes the spir
it thermometer indicates a temperature
a3 low as 52 degrees below zero. When
such a low temperature occur?, there is
a pervading haze or smoky appearance
in the atmosphere, resemb'ing a generally
diffused yellow smoke, and the sun looks
red as in a sultry evening. As the sun
rises, so does the thermometer, and when
the mercury thaws out and stands at 10
or 15 degrees below, a breeze sets in and
pleasant weather follows that if, as
pleasant as can be, while the mercury
keeps below zero as continually as a fish
is in his own clement, and coming up a
bove the surface just as often.
For weeks, sometimes, the, wind will
blow from the north temperature say
from 5 to 10 below suddenly it shifts
into the south, and for six hours the
thermometer" will continue to fall, a
, nnnmnnn 1,,-nl, nfn-l;Qftf- nor.
-..,--, fnr a in
summer, the wind blows a length of time
from the north, it drives the water back,
and Bed Biver will have its banks full
in the dryest season. The same thing
occurs when the wind blow3 from the
same dirction in Whiter, although the
sea and river arc frozen, unbrokenly, teb
feet thick, to the north pole.
He Imd Hi in.
A hoosier from the far West was stan
ding on the steps of the Trcmont House
the other day, when a wag who had some
hovv" obtained an introduction to him..
' stepped up to thc verdant chap and with
a very impressive nourish asted him
i .
1 MJ car tor, awn what is the
physical, mora1, and intellectual condition
' j .H -.M-i' A.M 4lni .'.IY nW-
Ul uul siuuu l"uu Jvu
from.
The fo 'low scratched his head a mo-
! incilt as puzzled, and then.brokc out
The NwTjYork Day JjJook 533-31
"If.our'wjfe wapteci ia run awaj
s "It Qur'wife wanted to run awnv vcWt
1 ..... . f