je'ffersonian republican Tlmr'stclay, October 2i, 1850. Treasurer of the Mint. Edward C. Dale, Esq., of Philadelphia, has been appointed Treas urer of the United States Mint, in the place of.Col onel James Ross Snowden. Trenton, N. J. has, according to the census just finished, a population of J0,7G6 inhabitants. Death ok a MkMuer. We learn with regiet, that H. Church, Esq. of Cumberland county, a member of the last Legislature, and re-elected at the late election, died at his residence, a few days since, after a short but severe illness. -fX?" South Carolina Election. Columbia, Ot. 19. Ail the old members of Congress are re turned without opposition, viz: Daniel Wallace, -James L. Orr, James A. Woodward, J. McQueen, Armistead Hurt, Wm. Aiken, Wm. T. Colcok. The namt's are arranged in the order of the dis tricts. Heavy defalcation of a Cashier. Providence R .'Oct. 19. The Mechanics1 and Manufacturer's Bank, of this place, was enjoined yesterday and its affai rs placed in the hands of a receiver. The Cashier, Mr. Albert W Snow, is a defaulter to the amount of S70,000 or SSO.OOO. He has been ar rested and held to bail. 1EP V. S. Senator from Vermont. Montpcher, Vt. Oct. 19lh, 1850. The legislature of the State have elected Hon. Solomon Foote, of Rutland, as U. S. Senator, in place of Hon S. S. Phelps, whose term expires on the 4th of Maich next. G'ame to the last. Hendrick 13. Wright, de feated in the Luzerne Congressional district, by Jlenry M. Fuller, appeared before the return judg es and claimed the certificate as the member e lert, on the ground that the return judges of Mon tour county did not meet at the right place. Mr. Fuller then appeared and demolished the air cas tle that the gentleman had erected. Hail in Arkansas. The "Batesville Eagle," of the 10th of September, says that hail fell, in the northern part of that county, on the 8th of that month, as large as a hen's egg, and in such quan tises as to remain until the next day at noon. What a chance for sherry cobblers ! Coiigre&sioa! Election. In all the late elections except in this State, there is every reason for congratulation among the Whigs. There has been a decided gain in every State except this, where the apathy of the party prevented a similar result. We feel mortified for the consequences of such indifference. The votes of the people are taken abroad as the expression I t their wisnes, wnen every one miuws me ic&im uf the late election in this Slate is not a correct test of its wants. For instance, President Fill more remarked to a citizen from this Borough, railing on him in Washington some days ago, that Pennsylvania did not want Protection the gen tleman affirmed to the contrary but the President insisted that the people's votes were their Legisla tor's onlv guide to the wants of the Stale. Such is the deleterious influence exerted by this mis representation. If those Whigs, who neglected to go to the polls and refused their aid in carrying out the principles of the party, are made to suffer for want of proper Legislation, why let them suf fer ti)ey desene it, they have nobody to blame but themselves. Miners Journal. Multiplication of Potatoes. Captain Sisco, ofStaten Island, on Friday dug up, a full bushel basket of fine potatoes, in his own garden, the pro duct of tico seed patatoes planted last may. We have never heard of such an increase of potatoes before ; but probably it will no be a wonder to our agricultural readers. - . Congress. The official returns for Congress in this district aie as follows : , Pimmick Scattering. 200 . 29 110 Northampton 2701 Monroe 1 131 Carbon Pike "Wayne 7S5 1225 H t .4 G400 399 The Fugitive Slave Law. Jt Jias been urged against the fugitive slave bill passed at the last session of Congress, that lt..sus.-. pends the wxit of habeas corpus, and is therefore in coufflict with the provision of the Constitution which declares that the privilege of the writ of habeas corpus shall not be suspened, unless when, in cases of rebellion or invasion, the public safe ty may require This objection was made while the bill was pending, and after its passage President Fillmore's attention was called to it when he submitted the question to Mr. Crittenden, the Attorney General, who in an able and most sat isfactory letter, dated September 18th, replies that there is nothing " in any part of the provisions of the act, which suspends, or was intended to sus pend, the privilege of the writ of habeas corpus or is in any manner in conffiict with the Constitution.' Mr. Crittenden then proceeds to demonstrate, by reference tojudicial decisions, the constitutionali ty of the act, which, of itself, he says, "confers no right on the owner of the fugitive slave ; it only gives him an exposed and insecure, but not less lawful, mode of self-redress." And in support of this opinion refers to the decision of the U. S. Su preme Court, in the celebrated case of Priggs vs. Commonwealth of Pennsylvania. In that case they decided that the owner, independent of any ai'd from Stale or National legislation, may , in vir ture of the Constitution and his own right of prop erty,tseize and recapture his fugitive slave, in whatsoever Slate he may find him, and carry him ack tonne'-StaTe or i'eiriiory'from jvhich he es-! caped? Mi. Firc&iit Wit. Bethel. We learn that the barn of Mr.l)aniel Christine, of Upper Mount Bethel, Northampton county, was consumed by fire on Saturday night the 12th inst. -with all the crop of the season Hay, Grain, &c. Mr. C. had an insurance of $1000 on the proper ty, which covers about one half the loss. Our Country and the Future. Under this head a writer in the Wool Grower, a monthly agricultural magazine, published in the city of Buffalo, makes some pointed remarks on the destiny of our country, founded on past expe rience and her present condition. He sets out with the general proposition that there never has been a time in our national existence when , the way was so plain for the future and rapid aggran dizement of our country as at this very hour : and demonstrateshis proposition thus : The over-ruling hand of Providence is visible in all the events of the last half century, and the finger of the Almighty points with unerring preci sion to what we are to expect in the coming years, The hand-writing upon the wall was not more plain, while the interpretation can bo made by the most simple. 'Our country now extends from ocean to ocean. From its eastern shores it has easy access to the old nations of Europe. From its western it has as easy access to the still older nations of Asia. The tide of emigration 'first set from the shores of Europe, and gradually peopled the Atlantic bor der. From the over-populous nations of Europe we have drawn largely for that population which now makes much of our power and wealth. It is safely estimated that with the emigration from this. direction, the annual increase is one million a rapid increase, but far short of what we now re quire to develope the immense recources of our country. ' Heretofore all the Southern portion of our country has had but little benefit directly from Eu ropean immigration. 1 The South requires labor, and that can only be had from a dense population. Heretofore they have had no immigrants. The door is now open ed through which they can draw them to an un limited amount. We refer to China. Already the stream begins to rurf this way. Even now the Chinese are flocking to our shores upon the Pacific. China is the hive already to swarm, and she can spare us millions of intelligence, industrious, and desirable citizens, who are accustomed to labor. When they find there is a claimate here as good as their own, where they can cultivate tea, and cotton, and sugar and rear the silk-worm,and the South is hap pily all this they will come as rapidly as means can be furnished to bring them away. The Asiat ic is destined to supplant the African because no bar exists to a mixture of the Aasiatic and Euro pean blood. China thpn, will become to the South what Ire land is to the North a reservoir from whence to draw for labor, and an active population. It is the duty of our Government to take im mediate measures to facilitate immigration from China, by causing that Government to remove all restrictions upon those subjects who wish to leave the country, and to make it an object for them to settle among us ' Regular steam packets should be established between Panama or San Francisco and Canton, and every possible exertion made to induce a free immigration, especially of those who understand the cultivation of tea. A brief statement of the climate, the advanta ges they could enjoy, should be prepared and cir culated through the empire. Ample appropria tions should be made by Congress, and our diplo matic relations should be placed upon the same footing as the most powerful European nations. We must not only have the trade, but we must . nave tne surplus population oi unma. 4 The stream of immigration from Europe has swolen to a flood. Let us have a mighty torrent peclin(X jupes 0f nj3 artifice. Never wage r a lar from Asia. Give us an uninteriupted flow from ; - thence for a few years, and we shall indeed be-: & ' , , come the heart and centre of the globe. And all ( shake hands with a man if you are not really glad this must transpire, as certain as the future must to see him. Never forget when you meet, to re become the present. cognize your friends, and be even more careful to And when this does come to pass, it is easy to salutation to those that are poor. Nev see the result. The South will become more J , . , . , . ., . . densely populated than any portion of our country, er quarrel, without a sufficient cause, but if it be and that millenium of our nation a freedom from necessary to keep up a quarrel, then see that quar seciional strife for political power will dawn up- rei firmjy put t0 an en( Never betray confidence on us. Navigating the Air. We yesterday examined a new invention which promises to realize the hitherto visionary anticipa tions of a successful and practical navigation of the air. This invention is a new application of the principle of a Flying Machine, which ha3 al ready attracted the attention and received the ap probation of many eminent scientific men in this country. It is believed that the feasibility of air navigation has been indisputably demonstrated, and that by this .machine space can be annihilated with a rapidity second only to the Magnetic Tel- egraph. The inventor, Mr. John Taggart, ofsai luxury, from the highest to the lowest ranks. Charlestown, Mass., has expended much time and j i js sold at about the rate of two pence a rotolo, labor in perfecting his improvement, and purposes 1 or thirty ounces ; and the poorest cobbler would exhibiting its action by an ascension from this ci-' EOoner "deprive himself of his dinner than of his ,ty, which will take place in a few weeks. The ! Riass 0f " acqua gelata." It is also extensively macnine may De examined at us t'uiton street, Dunlap's Hotel. N. Y. Tribune. A New Kind of Saw. J. II. Tuttle, of Seneca, New York, has inven ted a new and useful improvement on saws, which is in the teeth. It is not a rasping saw, but a groov ing and planing one. The fleame teeth are made at the usual distance apart, with their points set opposite to rip two find grooves, and then behind two such teeth there is one set straight, which shaves out the wood between the two rip grooves. This is the way the teeth are arranged along the whole length of the blade. It may be supposed from the great age of the saw, that improvements on it have long been exhausted, but it often hap pens that these are just the kind of things on which great improvements are made now and then. The sieam engine of Hero was two thou sand years old before any improvements were made on it; and it is only with the past century that the plow the old time-honored plow was raised from lude barbaric construction and form to its present scientific, and princely position a mong machines. The proof of the value of any improvement, is its practical test its use. This saw has been fairly and fully tried along with oth ers of the common construction, and it has beep stated that one man can dp as much work with it in the .same time as two with the . old. kind.-Sci- entific American. -esmjnwsrxm f Money easy Earned. The fees to the doctors who attended Sir Rob ert Peel, after the accident which deprived him of life, have been just paid by his executors. There were seven doctors one received twelve hundred and twenty dollars, three received five hundred J dollars each, and one poor devil of an apothecary who worked harder than all the rest put together, got'some two bundled and forty dollarswhile two other M. D's who helped Sir Robert home af ter he was hurt, got one hundred dollars each. Considering that the illness of Mr. Peel lasted but tluee days, the doctors were tolerably well paid. Medicine. Hear what the great editor of the Medical Chir urgical Review, Dr. James Johnson, says of med icine: 'I declare my conscientious opinion, founded on long observation and reflection, that if there were not a single physician, surgeon, apothecary, man-mid-wife, chemist, druggist, or drug on the face of the earth, there would be less sickness and less mortality than now. When we reflect that phys ic is a 'conjectural art,' that the best physicians make mistakes, that medicine is administered by host of Quacks, that is swallowed by multitudes of people without any professional advice at all, and that the world would.be-infinitely more care ful of themselves if they were consious that they had no remedy from drugs : 'these and many oth er ads, will show that the proposition I have made is more startling than unture. But as it is, it will be swallowed by all classes, rich and poor, with hope of regaining health and prolonging life, and also with the expectation of being able to countenance the culpable indulgence of the appe ties and passions.' There, think of that, ye pill-eaters, ye who are continually abusing your systems in various ways and then run to doctors and. quacks for releif, think of this testimoney from one of their own craft, and learn to let them alone. I have observ ed during many years that those who have the least to do with doctors and medicines, outlive those who are forever nursing and dosing. Good wholesome food, and temperance, with pure cold water to drink and bathe in, with fresh air, plenty of exercise, and a clear concience, will do more to restore or preserve health, and prolong life than all the doctor's medicines in the universe. Beautiful Thought. A military officer being at sea in a dreadful storm, his lady who was sitting in the cabin near him, and filled with alarm for the safety of the ves sel, was so supprised at his composure and seren ity, that she cried out. " My dear are you not a fraid. How is it possible you can be calm in such a storm 1" He arose from his chair lashed to the deck, and supporting himself by a pillar of a bed place, ho drew his sowrd and pointing it to the breast of his wife, he exclaimed, ' Are you not a fraid ?" She instantly replied, No, certainly not. " Why ?" said the officer. " Because, rejoined the lady. 'I know that the sword is in the hands of my husband, and he bves me too well to hurt me." "Then," said he" remember, I know in whom 1 have believed, and that he holds the winds in his fists, and the waters in the hollow of his hands." An Old Mail's Advice. Never attempt to strike the guilty, where, by a misdirected, or too hasty blow, the innocent, the gallant, and the good may suffer. Never attempt to expose a villian, if your efforts in doing so are likely to injure those who have been the unsus of any kind, but more particularly that of a wo man. The Snow Trade of Sicily. The principal export from Catania is snow, in which a very lucrative trade is carried on with Malta, and some parts of the south of Italy. It is collected during the winter in pits and hollows on the mountain, and covered with the scoria? and ashes, to prevent its thawing. It is brought down on mules to the coast at night, in panniers covered with leaves. The revenue derived from this source is immense, and renders the Prince of Paterno one of the richest men in Sicily. Snow is the univer- used jn the hospitals, and scarcity of it would be considered as great a misfortune as la famine, or any other national visitation, and would more in fallibly occasion popular tumult3. To guard against any such accidents, tho government at Naples have made the providing it a monopoly, tho contractor being required to give security to the amount of 90,000 ducats, which sum is for feited if it can be proved that for one hour the sup ply was not equal to the demand. Non-Intercourse. The following agreement has been signed by over seventy citizens of South Carolina : " We the undersigned citizens of St. Hele na Parish, pledge ourselves most solemnly nev er to employ any Coaster owned by a citizen of the North, or manned by a Northern crow to take any part of our produce to the city of Charlestown or elsewhere." Jenny Kind's Concert in Philadel phia. Jenny Lind's first Concert in Philadelpnia, was given on the 17th inst. at ihe Chesnui Street Theatre. The house was filled in every .part and nany persons were even on the Stage, leaving room only lor the performers. Good order, however, was secured, and the singing as usual is praised beyond description. Tho Tickets for this Concert ranged from $1, to $20 above the established price $3. She will Biug but iwjco moro in the city. Foreign Neus. By the arrival of the America, at Boston, we have news from Europe a week later: to the 5th inst. The political news is regarded as unim portant. Ocean steam navigation and magnet ic telegraphs were much discussed in England, -.i - ... l . l. i ! r n n f nnmnufi wiin a view io tsuuriuiimg mnw & between that country and this. Flour had declined sixpence a barrel, and wheat two pence a bushel. Cotton was with out change. Painful Rumors respecting the Sir John Franklin Expedition. Despatches have been received from Sir John Ross, stating that on ihe 13th of August, three Esquimaux were found in the ice off Cape York, and on being questioned, stated that in 1846 two ships were broken by ihe ice in the direction of Cape Dudly and Diggle, and afterwards burned by a fierce tfibe of natives that the ships in ques tion were not whalers, and thai epaulettes were worn by white men. Part of the crew were drowned, and the remainder were for some time in houses or tents apart from the natives. The white men had guns but no balls ; and be ing in a weak and exhausted condition, they were subsequently killed by the natives with darts or arrows. The paper from which the above is copied says that the whole story is a gross misconception but what the reasons are is not stated. The American Expedition. The American ships Advance' and 4 Reserve' had penetratad as far as any squadron. At the departure of the last advices, the Advance had got aground. No serious injury was apprehended. The Hungarian Refugees have received permission to quit the Turkish territory, when the term of location is over. Kossuih, it is said, has applied to remain in Constantinople. L.uter from California. Arrival of the Philadelphia, with about a Million of Dollars in Gold Dust. The steamship Philadelphia, Capt. Pearson, arrived at this port about four o'clock yester day afternoon from Chagres. The Philadelphia left-New York September 28th, and arrived at Chagrea, October 7th, ma king the passage out in eight days and seven teen hours Left. Chagres, October 9ih, and ar. rived at Kingston, Ja., on ihe 11th; making the run in 52 hours. Left Kingston, October 13th, and arrived off sanday hook, October 19th ; making the passage from Chagres home in eight days four hours running time. She brings SSOO.OOO in gold, on freight, and a large amount in the hands of passsengers. The health of Chagres is good, no deaths having occured there for a number of days. The rainv season is drawing to a close. Safely in Traveling. The hill passed by Congress for tho security of passengers in steamboats, provides for the rigid inspection of the engine and hull of the steamer ; requires hand and aieam-pumps, with hose, suffiicient life boats, lifo preservers, and buckets ; prohibits curtains of combustible materials : requires that the boilers shall be in sulated by a "continuous eet of water at least two inches in thickness ;" requires frequent tests of the capacity of the boilers. It provides that the engineer, captain, or owner, who shall allow a greater pressure than that fixed by the inspector shall be deemed guilty of manslaugh ter, for any loss of life by accident growing out of the use of such excess of steam, and subjects the inspector to a fine of $300, in case of a loss of life. It also fixes the same pro portion between passengers and tonnage that has been heretofore established in merchant vessels. If this act will have the effect of bet ter securing the lives of passengers, the public will hail it as a most important measure. Slave Excitement in Detroit A Con flict Expected. Detroit, Oct, 12. The slave excitement continues. The jail is well guarded by our military who are under regular army discipline. The negroes around the city are uttering aw ful threats. At Sandwhich, in Canada, opposite Detroit, there are, at the least calculation, three hun dred negroes, who lately crossed the river, and ii is dangerous for a citizen from here to be seen among them. The house of an Irishman, who informed of the negro fugitive now in jail, was attacked last night, and guns and pistols were fired by both the assailants and those inside, and some blood shed. A large meeting has been held by the friends of freedom, at which '.he Mayor presided. Speeches were made by Hon. S. Bingham, Mayor, and Messrs, Joy and Emmons. Some persons anticipate trouble when the ne groe is out ; he is now awaiting his papers. A subscription has been raised sufficient to pur chase his liberty, should he be sent back. Smuggled goods to the amount of S3000 were detected on board the steamer Atlantic at New York last week. The Custom House Officer, upon being informed of it by Mr. Col lins, the proprieter, took possesion of them ac cording to law. . Slave Case. At Detroit, Michigan on the 8th inst. a fu- 1 gitive slave was arrosted u nder the late law, but tho excitement was so great that two mili lia companies and two companies of United Slates troops had to be called out in ordor to prevent a rescue. On the 1 4th inst. the exci'ement was increased by attempts to arrest two other fugitive slaves. The house of an Irishman who was first to inform of the. negro's whereabouts was attacked. Fire arms were freely used, on both sides, and blood tvas shed. Near three hundred negroes encamped at Sandwich on the Canadian shore apposite Detroji, most runaway negroes are in vited to their encampment. JXT3 A Detmil paper describes the act for the capture of Fugitive slaves, as tho most ex ecrable law thai ever disgr-aded the records of n civilized government which does away with those grcai bulwarks of liberty, ihe trial by ju ry and the habeas corpus act which gives ihe judge or the commissioner a bribe as an induce ment to a conviction and which, upon the tes timony of any two lying or perjured witnesses, places the fugitive in the hands of that vile rep tile, the slave-hunter, and 'sends him back to' I bondage. The Great Salt Lake. The National Intelligencer publishes some despatches from Capt. Stanbury, of ihe Topo graphical Engineer Corps, who is engaged in an examination of the valley of the Great Salt Lake, and a hydrographic survey of that sin gular sheet of water. Capt. Stanbury and his party were for fix months completely isolated by impenetrable snows, in the surrounding mountains, which in tho middle of February was fif'y feet deep. These despatches come down to the 1 6lh of March. They tnrow so much new light upon that region of country, and possess withal such interest, that we invite ihe reader's attention to the subjoined extract. We found thai the whole Western shore of the lake consists of immense level plains of soft mud inaccessible within many miles of the wa ters edge to the feet of mules or horses, being traversed frequently by meandering rills of salt water, which apparently sink and seem to im bue and saturate the whole soil, rendering it mirey a nd treacherous. These plains are but little elevated above the present level of the lake, and have without doubt, at one time, not very long since, formed a part of it ; for U 13 evident that a rise of but a few inches will at once cover the greater portion of these exten sive areas of land with water again. I do not think 1 hazard much by naying that a rise of one fool in the lake would nearly if not quite double its prsent aiea. The plains are, for the most part, entirely denuded of vegetation, except occasioned patch es of artemcsia and " greaswood," and they glitter in the sun-light, presenting the appear ance of water so perfectly that it is almost im possible for one to convince himself that hq is not on ihe immediate shore of the lake itself. This is owing to crytalization of minute por tions of salt on the surface of the mud and the oozy slime occasioned by the complete satura tion of the soil with moisture. From this cause also arises a mirage, which is greater here than 1 ever witnessed elsewhere, distorting objects in tho most grotetque manner, and giving rise to optical illuiuns almost beyond belief. I an ticipate serious trouble from this cause in ma king the triangulation. In an estimated distance of one hundred and fifty miles, on one part of the route, fresh water and grass were found only in one spot, about midway of this ttretch, and we were obliged to subsist our animals, that is to keep life in them, by serving them out a pint of water each, nighi and morning, taken from the India-rubber bags packed upon their backs. Tho first part of this desert was about seventy-five miles in extent, and occupied us two days and a half to cross it ; traveling all day and a greater pail of the nihi ; walking a great portion of the way io relieve ihe mules, which began to sink under the want of stiftenance and water. In the lat'er portion of this first desert wo crossed a field of salt, which encrusted upon the level mud plain, so thick that it bore up the mules loaded wiih their packs so perfectly that they walked upon it as if ii had been a sheet of solid ice, sightly covered with snow. The whole plain was as level as a floor. We esti mated this field to be at least ten miles in length by seven in width, and the thickness of the salt at from one half to three quarters of an inch. A strip of some three miles in width had been previously crossed, but ii was not thick, nor hard enough to prevent ihe animals from sinking through it into the mud at evyery step. The alt in the solid field was perfecily crystalized, and where it had not become mixed with the soil, was as white and fine as the best specimens ol Saiina table salt. Some of it was collected and preserved. Alter crossing the field of salt we struck up on a fine little stream of running water, with plenty of grass, lying at the foot of a range of mountains, which seemed to form the Western boundary of the immediate valley of the Lake. Here we were obliged to halt for two or three days to give our animals an opportunity to re cruit. The latter part of the desert was about 70 miles in extent, and was passed in two days, by prolonging our marches far into the night. Had we not lound grass and water midway of this barren waste, both animals and men must have perished. We were, as I have every reason to belie e, the fmt party or white men that evor succeeded in making the entire circuit of the lake by land. I have understood that it once circumnavigated by canoes, in early times by some trappers in search of beaver, but no attempt by laud has ever been successful. A Remedy for Gray Hairs A Fact Worth Knowing. Under this head the True Union, of this ci ty, publishes the following from an authentic source. If it should prove equal to its profes sion, we have several silvery-headed friends who would like io avail themselves of such a convenient mode of being " done brown'' or most any other color. Bait. Sun. 11 A distinguished General Twigg recent ly returned from Mexico, covered with "glory." Ho had, however, two marks of hajd service, which laurels could not hide as they did Ciea ar's baldness. One was a head as while as wool, and the other a cutaneous eruption on his forehead. For the latter he was advised to try a mtxiurc of sulphur, and sugar of lead, and rose water. Jn applying it, somo cf tho mixture moistened the hair on his forehead, and after a while this part of his hair rosumd its original color. He applied ihe mixture to his hair, and it all became, and is now, of its prim ative sandy hue. Ho communicated the fact to some of his friends in Washington espe cially to some ex-members, who are widowers and seeking preferments, and it has been found efficacious in eveiy instance. Ii does not dyo the hair, bui seems to operale on ihe root, and restores the orignal color. " Tho recipe is as follows ; 1 drachm Lac Sulphur ; 1-2 drachm Sugar of Lead ; 4 ounces Rose Water mix them ; shake the phial on using the mixture, and bathe the hair twice a day for a week, or longer if necessary." Land Reformers. The Annual Conference of Weslyan Metho dist Church has recently adopted resolutions declaring thai ihe principles laid down. by the Land reformers are clearly sanctioned by the Bible, and are therefore entitled to the support of every member of the church. HjfTne. Erie Railroad received,, .during September, over one huuJred and fifty thousand dollars, A
Significant historical Pennsylvania newspapers