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?f4i-&n 4k' "1k 2 -Ltl A.
-7- : WH T F GoVERNMENT CONSISTS IN THE ART OF BEINOHONEST.-JefTerSOn. T- '
VOL, 10.
Published by Theodore SchocU:
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' f- JTeffcrsoniau Republican.
Death off tlie Young
BY W, G. CLARK.
When into dust, like dewy flowers departed, .
From our dim paths the bright and lovely fade ;
The fair in form, the pure, the gentle-hearted,
Whose looks within the breast a Sabbath made,
How like a whisper on the inconstant wind,
The memory of their voices stir the mind !
We hear the sigh, the song, the fitful laughter,
That from their lips in balm were wont to flow,
When Hope's beguiling wing they hurried after,
And drank her syren music long ago ;
When Joy's mild harp to sweetest lays was
strung,
And poured rich numbers for the loved and
young.
When the pure stars are beaming high in heaven,
And the low night winds kiss the flowering tree,
And thoughts are deepening in the hush of even,
How soft those voices on the heart will be !
They breathe of raptures which have bloomed
and died,
Of sorrows By remembrance sanctified.
Yet when the loved have from our pathway van
ished, - - What potent magic can their smiles restore !
Like some gay sun burst by the tempest banished,
They passed in darkness, they will come no more!
Unlike the day-beam, when the storm hath
fled,
In light renewed breaks on their lowly' bed.
Beautiful Elegy.
She sleeps that still and placid sleep
For which the weary pant, in vain,
And where the dews of evening weep,
I may not weep again ;
O, never more, upon her grave,
jShaUl behold the wild flower wave !
TKey laid her where the sun and moon
Look on her tomb, with loving eye,
And 1 have heard the breeze of June
Sweep o'er it like a sigh !
And the wild river's wailing song,
Grow dirge-like as it stole along !o
And I have dreamt in many dreams,
Of her who was a dream to me,
And talk to her by summer streams,
In crowds, and on the sea
-4
Till in my soul she grew enshrined,
A young Egetia of the mind !
'Tis years ago ! and others eyes
Have flung their beauty o'er my youth,
And 1 have hung on other sighs,
r And sounds that seemed like truth,
, And loved the music which they gave,
-. -Like that which perished in the grave.
And I have left the cold and dead,
To mingle with the living cold
. There is a weight around my .head,
My heart is growing old !
O, for a refuge and home,
With thee, dead Ellen, in thy tomb !
" Age sits upon my breast and brain,
My spirit fades before its time, . .
But they are all thine own again,
, . Lost partner of their prime !
And thou art dearer, in thy shroud.
Than all the false and living crowd!
"Rise-gentle vision of the houfs
c: Which go like birds, that come not back !
, And fling thy pall and funeral flowers
.On memory's wasted track !
O for the wings that made thee blest, ,
. . To " flee away and be at rest 1"
A dutchman wishing to relate the cause of
his wife's death, which was the breaking of a
blood vessel, and forgetting tbe precise term
by which to express his meaning, said : 'Mine
frow git mad one cay &na preafc a snip in tier
breast !'
A slanderer of tbe softer sex, undertakes to
prove that Sstan was a woman, named ''Lucy
Fifr Can't believe it, any how.
; A Match. Here ts a match for the -Ken-luckiaQ
wio got in a salt bin to keep .himself
from spoiling, from want of a fight :
"There is a man in Vermont, who has been
forthe last twentyfive years engage in a law
suit. At the last session, by some unaccoun
table mistake of the lawyers in the case, his
health has rapidity declined.' He is: frying his
best to pick anoiher quarre.l with somebody as
he finds it impossible to exist long Aif of his
element."
papers oy a carrier or suigc uuio tuijnujrcu uy mv prum
Inr will ho nhnrond 37 12 cents, oer vear. extra.
r nmilni,Al L... il... n
Nn reinnw discontinued until al) arrearaaes are paid.
STROUDSBURG,
w earn
Evaporation.
, INTERESTING FACTS CONNECTED THREWITH.
I he reciprocal processes of evaporation -and
condensation are the means whereby the whole
surface of that part of the globe which constitutes
land is supplied with the fresh moisture and water
necessary to sustain the organization and to main
tain the functions of the animal & vegetable world
Thence sap and juice are suppiied to vegetables,
and fluids to animals; rivers and lakes are fed,
and carry back to the ocean their waters, after sup
plying the uses of the living world. Tha exten
sive surface of the ocean undergoes a never-ceasing
process of evaporation, and dismisses into the
atmosphere a quantity of pure water proportionate
to its extent of surface and temperature of the air
above it, and to the state of that air with respect
tdsaturation. This vapor is carried with currents
of air through every part of the atmosphere which
surrounds the globe. When by various meteoro
logical causes the temperature of the air is re
duced, it will frequently happen that it will come
below that limit at which the suspended vapor is
in, a state of saturation. -A deposition or conden
sation will therefore take place, and rain or aque
ous clouds will be formed. If the condensed va
por collect in spherical drops, it will be precipi
tated, and fall on the surface of the earth in. the
form of rain; but from some unknown cause it
frequently happens that, instead of collecting in
drops, the condensed vapor is formed into hollow
bubles, enclosing within them a fluid lighter, bulk
for bulk, than the atmosphere, These bubles are
also found to have a repulsive influence on each
other, like that of bodies similarly electrified.
They float therefore, in the atmosphere, their mu
tual repulsion preventing them coalescing so as to
form drops. In this state, having by the laws of
optics a certain degree of opacity, they become
distinctly visible and form clouds. The vapor
suspended in the air during a hot summers day is
so elevated in its temperature as to be below the
point of saturation, and therefore, though the ac
tual quantity suspended be very considerable, yet,
while the air is capable of sustaining more, no
condensation can take place ; but in the evening,
after the sun has departed the source of heat be
ing withdrawn, the temperature of the air under
goes a great depression, and the quantity of vapor
encronrtot in thr nlmnsnhprfi. nnw at a low tem-
i j u , ,u
pomi oi saiurauon. . uepuauiuu u, muunmc mC
p , , . . c , ,l
takes place by tne condensation oi uie reuunudiu , tlon 0f tne water perfect, and the decomposition
vapor of the atmosphere, and the small particles rapid, but the electric fluid was found to be sus
of moisture which fall on the surface, coalescing ! ceplible of accumulation and condensation to an
i u c i . ' unlimited degree. The ease and rapidity with
by their natural cohesion, form clear, pellucid ( which the WM jnl0 ita;o4onent
drops on the surface of the ground, and are known j gaSeSj naturally suggested the idea of applying the
by the name ofdew. The clouds in which the con- discovery to some practical use, and that of light
densed vesicles of vanor are collected, are affect-
ed by an attraction which draws them toward the
mountains and highest points of the surface of the
earth. Collected there, they undergo a change,
by which they form into drops, and are deposited
in the form of rain ; and hence, by their natural
gravitation, they find their way through the pores
and interstices of the earth, and in channels along its
surface, forming, in the one case, wells and springs
in various parts of the earth, where they find a
natural exit, or where an artificial exit is given to
them, and, in the other cases, obeying the form of
the surface of the country through which they are
carried, they wind in narrow channels, first deep
ening and widening as they proceed, and are fed by
tributary streams until they form into great rivers,
or spread into lakes, and at length discharge their
waters into the sea. The process of evaporation
is not confined to the sea, but takes place from the
surface of the soil, and from all vegetable and an
imal productions. The showers which fall in
summer, first scattered in a thin sheet of moisture
over the surface of the country, speedily return to
the form of vapor, and carry with them, in the lat
ent form, a quantity of heat, which they take from
every object in contact with them thus modera
ting the temperature of the earth, and refreshing
the animal and vegetable creation. A remarkable
example of evaporation on a large scale is sup
plied by that great inland sea, the Mediterranean.
That natural reservoir of water receives an extra
ordinary number of large rivers, among which
may be mentioned the Nile, the Danube, the:
Dnieper, the Rhone, the Ebro, the Don, and ma
ny others. It has no communication with the
ocean, except by the straits .of Gibraiter, and there,
instead of an outward current, there is a rapid and
never ceasing inward flow of water. We are,
therefore, compelled to conclude that the evapo
ration from the surface of this sea carries off the
enormous quantity of water constantly supplied
from these sources. This, may in a degree be
accounted for by the fact that the Mediterranean
is surrounded by vast tracts of land on every side
except the west. The wind, whether it blow
from the south, the north, or from the east, has
passed over a considerable extent ol land, and is
generally in a state, with respect to vapor, con
siderably below saturation. These dry currents
of wind, coming in contact wjth the surface of the
Mediterranean, a raw on waier wun aviuuy,,ana
passing off, are succeeded by fresh portions of air,
which repeat the same process;
Libel. The editor of a do wn east. paper
a bachelor says "the reason why the women
do not cut themselves in two by tight lacing, is
because they lace around the heart, and that is
so 'hard they cannot effect it !" He ought to be
kicked to death by female butterflies.
A.cOBpJe of New Orjeans edjtors, who bad
been engaged in a newspaper . war, fought-a
duel one day last week. We are-happy tosay
that no blood was spjlled, arid no orainsdiereu
up a sacrifice to the altar of Passion.
MONROE COUNTY, PA., THURSDAY, JUNE 27, 1850.
(tT"The following letter copied from the N.
Y. Tribune, is worthy the reader's attention.
t,j m Northampton, Afass.vJurfe- 3.
Eds. Tribune :
Among the great and wonderful discoveries and
inventions of the present age, it is believed there
is not one so nearly approaching the miraculous,
or so full of benificent promise to mankind, as that
which has recently, been announced by Henry M.
Paine of Worchester, by which he is enabled al
most without expense or labor to produce, from
pure water, a constant and most brilliant flight,
and by which he can produce heat -and motive
power to any desired extentthus essentially su
perseding the necessity of using the ordinary ma
terials for the accomplishment of those purposes
and to a great extent the vast expenses which
the use of those materials involve. The reality
and practical utility of Mr. Paine's discovery and
invention, so far at least as the production of
light is concerned-and perhaps the same may be
said of heat also have been most fully and satis
factorily tested. The principle, applied as pre
scribed, infallibly produces the promised results;
so that the time may be regarded as not distant
when the whole may securely sport in his native
ocean, when the coal beds of the earth may rest
forever undisturbed, and the forest, ' whose end
was to be burned may be said to have outlived
their doom.
Ptesuming that your readers may feel some in
terest in knowing the processes by which Mr.
rair.e has arrived at the important results which
he has announced, I submit for their information
the following brief history of his experiments,
which 1 have learned from himself.
In the course of some experiments which, in
connection with the late Col. Bomford of the Ord
nance Department, Mr. Paine was making in the
winter of 1844-5, for the purpose of precipitating
silex, in solution, by tho action of electricity, he
became satisfied that so long as the whole body of
water around the poles remained a conductive or
diffusive medium, the action of the passing cur- j
rents would be limited, and the results desired un
. attainable. With this view of the subject he
sought for some method by which the atoms of j
water in contact with the poles could be effectu
ally barred from communication with any conduct
ing substance, and yet admit of a -continual sup
ply of the water, to be decomposed.
Holding to the doctrine of imponderability and
immateriality of the electiic fluid, all efforts to ac
complish the desired results failed, and the exper
iment was about to be abandoned, when a doubt
as to the truth of the books on the nature of elec
tricityarose in his mind, and on the faint hope
thus suggested the experiments- were renewed,
auu mo icouita uiuic man icuum
and the results more than realized his most cher-
anticipalionsfor not only was lhe insula.
was selected as tne most simple ana inexpensive
j in its application. But on the very threshold of
the experiment an apparently insurmountable ob
stacle was met, in the inability to separate the
gases ; and after a number of serious explosions
he was induced, by the entreaties of his family,
for a time to desist.
But althonph his nractical exoeriments were
snSpended, his mental action on the subject was
, not. During the fall or 1848, he came to the con
elusion that the law which demanded an aqueous
communication between the poles, or that the pos
itive and negative poles should both enter one bo
dy of water, was not correct a conclusion which'
a very simple experiment demonstrated as true. -
One pole was inserted into a glass of water in the
y simple experiment demo
pole was inserted into a gl
corner of a large room, and the other pole in an
other glass in the opposite corner, and an electric
communication made between them. All the wa
ter in one glass was decomposed, and hydrogen
only obtained. All the water was decomposed in
the other, and oxygen only obtained. The ex
periment being thus entirely successful, a small
electro-magnetic apparatus, having its helices
kept in motion by clock work was put in operation
at Mr Paine's house, and was found capable of
supplying three burners with an abundance of the
gases. At this period, Mr. Paine publicly an
nounced the discovery, and invited the citizens to
call and examine for themselves.
In the Spring of 1849, Mr. P. erected a light
house on an eminence in Worcester, and there
successfully tried his experiments on a large scale
for several months. He also lighted one of the
stores in the city, which presented a most brilliant
exhibition, exciting the admiration and astonish
ment of all who witnessed it.
The experiments at the light-house were con
tinued till September, when an explosion occurred
which momentarily clouded the bright prospects
of the discovery. This explosion is thus accoun
ted for. That state or action of electricity known
as galvanism, produces decomposition, while that
known as intensity causes repulsion to take place at
the electrodes, and deflagration of the decompos
ing cell is the consequent result. It was to this
action that the explosion reierred to was due, the
gases being fired by the melting electrode. It
was hence apparent that some method should be
devised, other than that of personal observance,
to preyent such explosions in future. The same
agent that caused the danger must be made to re
move it. But here was, a formidable difficulty,
and to surmount it required long and patient la
bor. The object, however, was attained, and the
apparatus made to govern itself by the braking of
the circuits when a surplussage is passing ; so that
the danger of an explosion is entirely removed.
It is not at present practicable to get into a min
ute description of Mr. Paine's apparatus. Suffi
cient to say, that the descent of a weight 67
pounds, a distance of 9 feet, will generate 800 cu
bic feet of the gases 'from a quart or two of water
being sufficinet to light a hall of the largest size
for a whole evening, and at no other expense than
the interest of the cost of the apparatus, which
may be some $400 or 8500. And the gases may
be used, as has already been suggested not
qnly for light but, for power and- for heating pur
poses. The apparatus, constructed for the supply
of 3,000 burners and its actions are now daily wit
nessed by admiring vjsiprs, at t)ie Worcester Ex
change, nothing being concealed from observation
but the interior of the helices and electrodes.
The whole process of the decomposition .can be
seen, and, if necessary, felt,
Mr. Paine has ,afso at hishousef subject to view,
tne ,srnirpparaius4 uBiurtj.vajiuucu vu, ujf
i he exniouea uie strongest wime ugui, uiu su juio
I that ihe most delicate shades may he distinguished
by it at a distance of several feet from the burners.
And, at the samp time,-he produces, in a few mo
ments, an equal and genial heat throughout the
apartment.
Mr. Paine claims to have discovered a new
principle in electricity, viz. ponderability, material
ity, and obedience to the laws of gravitation. He
claimed to have been the first to accumulate and
compress the electric fluid and also to have in
vented a machine or aparatus, which enables him
to use the electric fluid for useful purpose in arts
and science, at no other cost than the interest of
its price.
Mr. Paine, in prosecuting his experiments, has
bestowed upon this subject immense labor, both
of body and mind, in season, and out of season,
by day and by night, encountering from without
almost every possible difficulty, opposition and
discouragement, the supercillious contempt, of the
learned and scientific, and the thoughtless jeers of
the self conceited and the ignorant. But, full of
hope, and an indomitable spirit of the persever
ence, he struggled on, and, as we see, has finally
triumphed. And great reason has he, and his
country, and the world to thank God that he
has been thus sustained and prospered. Humble
as has been his condition, future generations, re
joicing in the light, enjoying the heat, and pro
pelled over earth and ocean, and it may be,
through the air by the power discovered and de
veloped ingenious, patient, and laborious efforts
will recognize and honor Henry M. Paine as one
of the greatest . discoverers and geniuses of his
age, and one of the noblest benefactors of man
kind. In conclusion, it may be interesting to state the
facts, that very recently Mr. Paine has received a
communication from Sir-George Cayley, President
ofRoyal Polytechnic Institution of London, through
Rev. Dr. McVicker of New York, in which Sir
George says that he has learned from the Amer
ican papers that the discovery referred to has been
made ; that he had for years been convinced,
and had predicted, that the time was approaching
when the components of water would be separated
and converted to practicle purposes, and desiring
to be informed as to the facts of such a discovery
having been made, and if so, soliciting, in behalf
of the Royal Polytechnic Institution, .the honor of
being the medium of its first introduction into
England.
Yours, T.
A Word to the Ladies New Mode of
Making Bread.
Our readers may remember lhe notice we
gave of ihe bread-making machine of Dr. Lewis,
exhibited at the late Pair of the Mechanics' in
stitute. Having been favoured by the Doctor
with a recipe, we, (that is, wife, self, and a
couple of friends in family council,) concluded
to try the experiment of bread making on the
new plan. The first two attempts were fail
ures ; but the third was crowned with trium.
pliant success, and since then we have had
broad not to be equalled by the bakers light,
moist, sweet, free from the mixture of sour and
bitter usually found in fermented bread. Here
is the recipe for a good sized loaf, large enough
to fill a common bread pan :
Take three pounds of flour ; mix with it three
tablespoonfuis of soda, passing the whole
through a seive, in order that the soda may be
well mixed with the flour ; to one quart of water
add a taplespoonful of muriatic acid in the li
quid form ; pour the mixture into the flour, and
mix the whole just enough to get the ingredi
ents fairly incorporated together. Wet the
hand in cold water and mould the loaf into
shape, clap it al once into the oven, and during
the cooking of any meal, fire minutes labour,
' can haVe exctel,enl bread' pThe soda and
I acids constitute ihe elements of common salt,
and they not only raise the bread by combina
tion. but salt it into the bargain. Try the
experiment ladies. Chicago Tribune.
" Can't nothing be done for the dear Union ?"
inquired the venerable and kind-hearted Mrs.
Partington, of a political friend.
" In what way, madam ?" asked the politi
cian. "Do you allude to a pacification or a re
generation of our political system 1"
"La me ! to both, sir," replied Mrs. P. adding,
ihat she didn't altogether approve of chartering
foreign skill to cure domestic ruptures; but
when said ruptures threatened the speedy dis
solution of the country, she thought the matter
a grave and serious one, and oughtn 1 to be
trifled wiih. And she gave two long sighs,
and said it was a pity the climate did not -agree
with the Constitution.
Woman's Economy.
Gov. Barbour, of Virginia, in an address
before an agricultural society, says : "Lot eiery
man have the fortitude to look his affairs in the
face, to keep an account of his debts and items
of expenditure, no matter how long or black the
list ; if he don't look into it his neigbors will ;
and more, let him show to it his wife, if he has
one. If a prudent woman, it will be of service;
if imprudent it will do no harm. But there are
few of the latter, and I cheerfully bear evidence
to the care and economy of woman. When
in a situation to observe, I can safely say, that
I never knew a woman left to the care of an
embarrassed estate, that did not extricate it if
it was possible."
Connubial Compliments.
An elderly "lady, telling her age, remarked
that she was born on the twenty-first of April.
Her husband, who was present, observed, "I
always thought you were born on the first of
April." "People might well judge so," respon
ded the matron, " from the choice I mado of a
husband." 5 1
, Jjj3 A spurious Gold Coin, purporting to be
an American Eagle, was detected last week at
Detroit. It lacks only one dwt. of the true
weight, is of the same circumference, and of
but little greater thickness than the original.
Upon being cut open, it was found to be made
of silver, covered wiih a coatirig of pure gold,
of uniform thickness the whole work being
Deauiliuny execuieu auu wumu pass nu uiuc
persons out of ten.
No. 44.
JLaws oi Pennsylvania
public
AN ACT to provide for the establishment of true
meridian lines, and oj standard measures for
surveyor's chains, and to regulate the practice
of surveying in this Commonwealth:
Whereas, It is known that an account of
the variation of the magnetic needles from the
true pole of the eanh, much difficulty and in
convenience exists in ascertaining and tracing
the lines of old surveys.
And Whereas, It is also known that survey
or's chain's by being worn are lengthened be
yond their true measure, so that but few sur
veyors of a county have chains of an equal
length, nor have they equal or standard meas
ures 10 make their chains of equal length, and
thus rendering uncenain the irue boundaries of
many tracts of land where the former land
marks have been obliterated or removed and in
somuch as it is believed that by establishing
true meridian lines, and having standard meas
ures for two or four pole chains in every coun
ty of this Commonwealth, and having a prop
er regard to them in making future surveys,
much of such difficulty may be avoided, there
fore; Section 1. Be it enacted by the Senate and
House of Represenalives of the Commonwealth of
Pennsylvania in General Assembly met, and it
is hereby enacted by the authority of the same.
That the county commissioners of the several
counties of this Commonwealth are hereby au
thorized and directed within two years from
and after the passage of this act, to cause to be
marked and established on some inalir.eabld
property belogtng to the county, or on such
property as the commsssioners of the county
may hereafter acquire for that purpose, at or
near the seat of justice of the several counties, a
true meridatn line and a fixed standard measure
of a two or four-pole chain, agreeing with and
made after the measure of the standard yard
now in the office of the Secratery of the Com
monwealth, and the cost whereof to be paid out
of the respective county treasuries.
Section 2. When the said true meredian
lines and the measures of the said two or four
pole chain shall have been so marked and es
tablished as aforesaid, tbe said county commis
sioners shall give public notice thereof in one
or more newspapers of their respective coun
ties, or otherwise, for at least three successive
weeks, and it shall be the duly of every land
surveyor in this Commonwealth after such no
tice has been given as aforesaid, in the month
of April in each year, to adjust and verify his
compass, by one of the said meridain lines, and
to ascertain the variation of its needle from the
true meredain, and his chain by one of the
said measures of the said standard two or four
pole chain, and the surveyors shall thereafter
in all their returns of surveys or writings con
cerning surveys of land and lines run by the
compass, note the bearings or courses of such
surveys and lines, so as to show the true and
not the magnetic bearing, together with the
dates of such survey or tracing the lines.
Section 3. Any surveyor, after notice is
given as required by the provisions of this act,
who shall neglect or refuse to comply with the
requirements of this act, by making any survey
with an unadjusted compass or chain, he shall
for every such neglect or refusal, pay the sum
of ten dollars on complaint made by any per
son interested in such survey before the jus
tice of the peace nearest to the tract or lot of
land so surveyed, to be recovered as debts of
like amount are by law recoverable, the one
half thereof to the person making the com
plaint and the other half to the treasurer of the
school district in which such survey is made
for the use of said district.
Section 4. It shall be the duty of the com
missioners of the several counties aforesaid, to
procure a book to be kept in their office, and eve
ry surveyor on having adjusted his chain and
compass as aforesaid, shall enter therein the va
riation of bis compass from the true meridain,
wheiher east, or west, and the day on which he
adjusted his chain and compass, and shall sub
scribe his name thereto for future reference.
J. S M'CALMONT,
Speaker oj the House of Representatives.
V. BEST,
Speaker of the Senate.
Approved the twenty -sixth day of April, A.
D. one thousand eight hundred and fifty.
WM. F. JOHNSTON.
A Brilliant Discovery has just been made.
which will be of great value to invalids. A pa
tient who had swallowed a dozen bodies of cod
liver oil, happenned to breathe upon a lighted
lamp, when his breath caught and burned with
all the brilliancy of a sperm candle. Here is
indeed a "blessing to invalids" light and health
combined.
Fight with a Panther. We were in-..
formed by Mr. George F. Hunt, the other day,
that about two weeks since, one of his negro
men, while at work on what is known as his
"Orchard Place," was attacked by a very large
panther. The boy fortunately saw him in time.
to send off a number of women and children
who were working close bv. It was while at-
tempting to make his own retreat the attack
was made by a spring, the animal lighting on
the boy's shoulders, seizing at the same time
the upper part of the head with his ssouth.
One of the animal's tusks fortunaely struck the
bone just above the right eye, causing him lo
lose the hold he thus had of the boy's head.
The boy fought manfully. In the beginning of
the,acnon be had a hatchet ; in wrestling with
his opponent he dropped this. I he panifeer
seized him finally, by the calf of the leg and
pulling him upon the ground ho brought him to
the haichet again ; the boy immediately seized
it and soon ended tbe conflict by splimug the
head of his adversary. The panther measured
over six feet in length, and was quite fat.
Jefferson La, Gazelle,