for
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:era-heu-
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ever
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M4-VV XIV W WKIWW Willi .
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The whole art of Government consists in the art of being honest. Jefferson.
i , :
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From the American Courier.
The Fish Hawk, frr Osprey.
(PAND10N CAROLTNENSIS.)
BY JNO. K. TOWNSEND, M. D.
Jrery one who has spent much time on the
Sjast of New Jersey, is acquainted with the fa-
5ar and harmless Fish Hawk. This fine bird-
;jkes his appearance on the coast usually about
:e first week in April, and remains until frost is
airlV Scl in, wueu lie iciuca iu i. uc ouum, vyiicic
L finds a more genial climate. His appearance
; uniformly hailed with joy by the fishermen of
he shore, because they know that his advent in
dicates the approach of shbals of fish which form
iheir sustenance and continue to enlarge their
tore. The Fish Hawk is also a universal favor-
E -.1 .. e 5 : .u . : :
lie Willi Uie laiuiers rebiuuig near uic sea, auu it
not unusual at Cape May, for them to encour-
Ee him to sojourn, on their land, by planting trees
of a large kind in their meadows on which to con-
felruci his enormous nest. They are aware that
ahe had becomes much richer in the vicinity of
libese nests, because, Irom tlie immenee quantity
offish-scales, bones and other offal which fall
prom it, during the time of feeding their yoang,
the ground is manured for1 a great distance arourftl
the tree, as it is clearly ihown by the much more
rank vegetation of these parts.
In his disposition, the Osprey is remarkably
mild and gentle, never disturbing the domestic
fowls, but rather proving a protection to them by .
1ns presence, as predatory Hawks, Uwis, &c, are they ailowofone being killed: and this is not
intimidated by his great bullr, and fierce look. surprising, for in addition to the entire harmless
Audubon states that a person attempting to rob j Ress ofthe bjfd and' g utnityj Q the
the nest of a Fish Kawk, is in danger from the j manuring 0f the soil, thev are accostomed to' see
stiacks ofthe old ones ; but this has not been my , the same pai"r occupying a favorite tree, year after
eiperience I have several times, in Cape May, j yeari and frequently recognize them by some ob
scended to their nests, have handled, and everi servabe ai' or individual peculiarity. They
wsen to me ground tneir eggs ana young, wnue
W'a the old birds have flown screaming around
me without ever appearing to meditate an attack.
Ins probably in consequence of his miiihiess of
Proper and the apparent indisposition to defend
himself which he evinces on all occasions, that
the poor Fish Hawk is fated to suffer from the pi
tatical attacks of the Eagle.
nuu.au stales mat in-suum jusiauues me riau
frawks have been known to combine for lhe pur
pose of driving off their inexhorable oppressors
1 -'t this is undoubtedly incorrect, for the oldest
'habitants of Cape May assured me that they
ave never observed such a phenontenon. 1
wild not be understood as intimating that my
id and valued friend Nuttall, would intentionally
cepart from the truth in the smallest .particular,
t I have the highest opinion of his .rigid integrity;
at he has probably heard this account from pne
"hose object was to deceive him ; and with a slm
I 'City which forms one of his prominent charac
- ristics, he has received it all as gospel truth.
It is not at all uncorrrmon for travelling natural
tasno be deceived in matters of this $oit. he
slaters of these marvels think it an excellent joke
W humbug the "lazy good-for-nothing fellows''
that go about the country hunting bfrds, bugs.-and
1 "ants add rejoice over it greatly in' company with
ttieir pot companions, as they lolLabotit'raS taverns
3n the evening.
The food of the Osprey consists exclusively of
Esh, and few of the coast exhibitions are more in
teresting than his gyrations in the air, and ma
' xvres to catch'his prey. He i easy recogniz
ee even when far off, by his unusual form, and
l eculiar curvature of wing : while his loud, strid
hus scream may be heard from a great distance.
At all times of the day he may be seen sailing
wer the water with his head turning downward,
'f'd his keen eye scanning the liquid element.
lien a fish is seen swimming near the surface,
poises himself over it, often at a great height in
air, and after spending a moment in quivering
1-s wings and tail, closes his' pinions jand- darts
leadlong into the deep, often, disappearing for a
''otnent beneath the waves. should miss bis
; :ey which, however, rarely Jiappenshe again
sta arid sails quietly onsoyn to, renew ; his at-
l upon another quarryv . J . t
It is a singular fact, and one, I believe, not hith
erto noticed in works on Ornithology, that he is
never known to take a fish except he find it swim
ming in the xoater; and although the shore may be
strewn with them by the fishermen when engaged
in drawing their seins they are perfectly safe from
the depredations of the Pish Hawk. If fired at, or
otherwise frightened when bearing his prey in his
talons, he uniformly drops his fish, but never by
any chance does he descend for itj preferring to
supply himself, as before, from headquarters. The
size of the fish captured and bore away is some
times enormous. Those weighing from, twelve to
fifteen pounds, are not uhfrequently secured, but
some few instances have occurred in which the
bold fisher has " caught a tartar," by seizing in
his talons a fish of such size and weight that he is
utterly incapable of rising with it. In this ca"se
the biter and the bitten are usually sacrificed, the
first by being drowned, and the second.by his in
ability to free himself from the deadly gripe which
has been fixed upon him.
The nests of these birds are seen in great abun
dance all along the sea coast of New Jersey ; and
so plentiful are they in the vicinity of Cape May
I have myself counted seven in view at the same
time. Unlike most other birds, they appear at all
times to live at peace with their own species ; the
males having no quarrels with each other, even at
the season of breeding. It is not therefore unusu
al to see three or more nests in the same field,
where there are suitable trees on which to place
them. These nests are most enormous structures,
built exteriorly of large sticks, intermingled with
matted sea-weed, and lined with grasses. The
same nest serves the pair for a great number, for
the attachment of the male to the female contin
ues through life, and is not, except in case of an
accident to one of therW, renewed annually, and
is carefully repaired and added to, each season.
By these means it becomes so large, after the lapse
of some years, as to " fill a cart, and form, no in
considerable load for a horse-' It is not an un
common circumstance for the King bird, and Pur
ple Grakle, or Crow Black-bird, (Quisculus versi
color,) to fix their nests between the twigs which
form the exterior of the Fish Hawk's abode and
liere these small birds will lay their eggs, and raise
their young brood, perfectly unmolested by the
hawks within, and apparently under their protec
tion. So much attached dqthe inhabitants of the
sea coast become to the Fish Hawks which re
off thelr plamations that on no acC0Unt will
lhus vhen th nr0Der season anoroaches. accus
torn themselves to'look for and expect them, and
I it
when they arrive, they are hailed as old friends,
and treated accordingly-
Some years since, when at Cape May, I was de
sirous of procuring a pair male and female as
specimens for my cabinet; but in some consonance
6i the wishes ofthe people of the vicinity, I felt
mys'elf compelled to gd several miles, to one of the'
uninhabited beaches, for the purpose. I there shot
twer avoiding the breaking up of more than one
family, by killing both the old ones.
A highly respectable gentleman, then a resi
dent of the lower part of New Jersey, once related
to me an anecdote of the Fish Hawk, which, I
think, possesses pecculiar interest. By some
chance, one of a pair of these birds which had
long occupied a tree ofi hls farm, was killed, and
that too at the commencement. of season,; or be
fore preliminary business of repairing" the old nest
had been attended to. The mate seemed incon
solable for some days, sitting listlessly about the
tree near the nest, and not once visiting the water
in search of food. One morning he observed some
fifteen or twenty of the Hawks collected around
the spot, and among them he recognized the sur
viving proprietor of the nest. The whole com
pany seemed to'be consulting together upon an im
portant subject ; there was a great deal of flying
around, accompanied by almost incesant squeal
ing. A fter perhaps several hours spent in this
way all the birds retired excepting only the wid
owed one', who remained, as before, perched near
the nest. Soon she flew off, sailing high in the
air, in circles, for a short time, and finally head
ing toward the South, she was soon lost to sight.
The gentleman who had been watching these ma
riosuvres, thought she had left the neighborhood
entirely, but' what was his pleasure, on the third
day thereafter to see the poor bird return, accom
panied by another, both of whom fle'w straight to
the riest, and lighted on its edge. In a few min
utes all the Hawlis in the vicinity again cohgrcga
ted7 and as before the circling and squealing were
repeated, even more voiciferously than at first.
This lasted an hour or two, when the guests de
parted, and the newly united pair remained, and
immediately commenced to get the nest ready for
the reception of the'oxpected brood.
" My frichdcalls this" The Marriage of the Pish
Hawk."" "
The Fortunes of a Country Girl.
A SELECTED STORY.
One day, I will hot say Kbw many years ago
for I intend to be very mysterious for a timq
witn my readers a young woman stepped
from a country -waggon that had just arrived at
the yard gate of the fa'mous Chelsea inn, the
Goat and Compasses, a name formed by cor
rupting unie .put of the pious, original, " God
encompesseth us." The , young woman .seemed
about the age of eighteen, and was decently
dressed, though in the very plainest rustic fash
ion ofthe times. She was well formed and
well looking, both form and looks giving indi
cations ofthe ruddy health consequent upon
the exposure to the sun and air ofthe country.
After stepping from the wagon, which' the dri
ver immediately led into the court-yard, the
girl stood for a moment in apparent uncertainly
whither to go, when the mistress of the inn,
who had come to the door, observed -her hesi
tation, and asked her to enter and take a rest.
The young woman readily obeyed the invita
tion, and soon, by the kindness ofthe landlady,
found herself by the fireside of a nicely-sanded
parlour, with wherewithal to refresh herself
after her long and tedious journey.
" And so, my poor girl, said the landlydy,
after having heard, in return for her kindness,
the whole particulars of the young woman s
situation and history, " so thou hast come all
this way to seek service, and hast no friend
but John Hodge, the waggoner i Truly, he
is likely to give thee but small help, wench,
towards getting a place;" " Is service then
difficult to bo had?" asked the young woman,
sadly. " Ah, marry, good situations, at least,
are somewhat hard to find. But have a good
heart, child," said the landlady,, and, as she
continued, she looked around her with an air
of pride and dignity ; " thou see'st what I have
come to, myself; and I left the country a young
thing, iust like thyself, with as little to look to.
But 'tisn't every one, for certain, that must look
for such a fortune, and, in any case, it must
first be wrought for. I showed myself a good
servant, before my poor old Jacob, heaven rest
his soul, made me mistress of the Goat and
Compass. So mind thee, girl " The
landlady's speech might have gone on a long
way, for the dame loved well the sound of her
own tongue, but for the interruption occasion
ed by the entrance of a gentleman, whom the
landlady rose and welcomed heartily. " Ha !
dame," said the new comer, who was a stout
respectably attired person of middle age, "how
sells the good ale ? Scarcely a drop left in
ihy cellar, I hope ?" " Enough left to give
your worship a draught after your long walk.
said the landlady, as she rose to fulfil the prom
ise implied in her words. "I walked not,"
was the gentleman s return, " but took a pair
of oars, dame,, down the river, l hou know st
I always come to Chelsea myself to see if thou
lackest anything. " Ay, sir, replied the land
lady, " and it is by that way doing business
that you have made yourself,' as all the city
says, the richest man in the Brewers Corpor
alion, if riot in all London itself." " Well,
dame, the better for me if it is so," said the
brewer with a smile : but let us have thy
mug, and this quiet pretty friend of thine shall
pleasure 03', may-hap, by tasting with us."
The landlady was not long in producing a
stoup of ale, knowing that hor visitor neyer set
an example Hurtful to his own intere'sts by
countenancing the consumption of foreign spir
its. " Right, hostess," said the Brewer when
he had tasted it, well made and well kept,
and tkjl' is giving both thee and me our dues.
Now, pretty one," said he, filling one of the
measures or glasses which had been placed
beside the stoup, " wilt thou drink this to thy
sweetheart's health ?" The poor country girl
to whom this was addressed declined the prof
fer civilly, and with a bush ; but the landlady
exclaimed, " Come, 'silly wench, drink his
worship's health ; he is more likely to do thee
a service-, if it so please him, than John the
waggoner. The girl has corns many a mile,"
continued the hostess, " to seek' a place in
town, that she may burden her family no more
at home." " To seek service 1" exclaimod the
brewer; " why, then, it is perhaps well met
wiih us. Has she brought a character with
her, or can you speak for her, dame ?" " She
has never yet been from home, sir, but her face
is her character," said the kind-hearted land
lady ;' " T warrant me. she will be a diligent
and trusty one." " TJpon thy prophecy, hos
tess, will Ttake her into my own service ; for
but yesterday was my house-keeper complain
ing of the want of help, since this deputyship
brought me more into the wa of entertaining
the people of the ward."
Ere the wealthy brewer and deputy left the
Goat and Compasses, arrangements were made
for sending the country girl to his house in the
city on the following day. Proud of having
done a kind actioh, the garrulous hostess took
advantage of the circumsianco to deliver an
immensoly long harangue to the young woman
on her new duties, and on the dangers to which
youth is exposed in large cities. The girl
heard her benefactor with modest thankfulness,
but a more minute observer ilian the good land
lady might Havo seen in the eye and counte
nance, of the girl a quiel firmness of expression,
such as might have induced tlie cutjing short
ofthe lecture. However, the landlady's lec
ture did end, and towards the evening of the
day following her arrival qit the Goat, and Com
passes, the youthful rustic found herself in
stalled as housemaid in the dwelling ofthe rich
brewer.
The fortunes of this girl, it is our purpose
to follow, rtfe first change in her condition
which look place subsequent to that related,;
was hef elevation, to the post of housekeeper
in The brewer's family. In this situation she
was brought more than formerly into .contact
with her master, who found! ample grounds for
admirjng her propriety of conduct, as well ad
her skilful economy of. management. By de
grees he began to find her presence necessary
to nis nappmess ; ana oemg a man oi uotn
honourable and independent mind, he at length
offered her his hand. It was accepted ; and
she, who but four or five years before had left
her country home barefooted, became the wife
of one ofthe richest citizens of London.
For many years Mr. Aylesbury, for such'
was the name of the brewer, and his wife,
lived in happiness and comfort together. He
was a man of good family and connexions, and
consequently oHiigher breeding than his wife
could boast of, but on no occasion had he ever
to blush for the partner whom he had chosen.
Her calm, inborn strength, if not dignity, of
character, conjoined with an extreme quick
ness of perception, made her fill her place at
her husband s table wiiu as mucn grace ana
credit as if. she had been born to the station.
And as time ran on, the respectability of Mr
Aylesbury's position received a gradual in
crease. He became an alderman, and, subse
quently, a sheriff of ,the city, and in conse
quence of the latter elevation, was knighted.
Afterwards and now a part of the mystery
projected at tne commencement oi mis story
must be broken in upon, in as tar as time is
concerned afterwards, the , important place
which the wealthy brew;er filled in the city
called down upon him the attention and favor
of the king, Charles I., then anxious to concil-
..1 1 1 '
late tne goou-wiu oi tne citizens, ana tne city
knight received the farther honour of a baron
etcy. . , ; 6
Lady Aylesbury, in the first years of her
married life, gave birth to a daughter, who
proved an only child, and round whom, as was
natural, all the hopes and wishes pTthe,parents
entwined themselves. This daughter had only
reachecPthe age of seventeen, when her father
died, leaving an immense fortune behind him.
It was at first thought that the widow and her
daughter would become inheritors of this wjth
out the shadow of a dispute. But it proved.
otherwise; Certain relatives ot the deceased
brewer set up a plea upon the foundation of a
will made in iheir favour before the deceased
had become married. With her wonted firm
ness. Lady .Aylesbury immediately took steps
for the vindication' of her own and her child's
rights. A' young lawyer, who had been a fro
quent guest at hef husband's table, and of whose
abilities she had formed a high opinion was
the person whom she fixed upon as the legal
asserter of her cause. Edward Hyde was, in
deed," a youth of great ability. Though only
twenty-four years of age at the period referred
to, ana tnougn ne nau spent mucn pi nis youtn
ful time j'n the society , of the gay and fashion
able ofthe day, he hail not neglected the pur
suits to which his family's wish, as well as his
own tastes, had devoted him. But it was with
considerable hesitation, and with a feeling, of
anxious diffidence, that he consented to under
take the charge of Lady Aylesbury's case ;
for certain strong, though unseen and unac
knowledged sensations, were at work in his
bosom, to make him fearful of tlie responsibil
ity, and anxious about the result.
The young Iavyer, however, became coun
sel for the brewer's widow and daughter, and,
by a striking exertion of eloqaonce, and dis
play of legal ability, gained their suit. Two
days afrerwards, the successful pleader was
seated beside his two clients. Lady Aylos
bury's manner was quiet and composed, but
she now spoke vvarmly of her gratitude to the
preserver of her daughter from want, and also,
tendered a fee a payment munificent, indeed,
for the occasion. The young barrister did not
seem ai easo during Lady Aylesbury's, expres
sion of her feelings. He shifted upon liis chair,
changed colour, looked to Miss .Aylesbury,
played with the purso before him tried to speak,
but stopped short, and changed' colour again.
Thinking only of best expVession her own
gratitude, Lady Aylesbury appeared not to ob
serve her visitor's confusion, but rose, saying',
" In token that I hold your services above, com
pensation in ihe way of money, I wish also to
give you a memorial of my gratitude' in another
shape." As she spoke thus, she drew a bunch
of keys from the po'efcat which every lady car
ried in those days, and left the room.
What passed during hor absence between
the parties whom she had loft together, will be
best shown by the result. When Lady Ayles
bury returned, she found he'r daughter standing
with averted eyos, bnt with her hand in that
of Edwaul Iljfdo, who knell on the rnoihorV
entrance, and besought Jier coqserjt to their uni
on. Explanations of ihe feelings which .ihe
parties entertained for each other ensued, and
Lady Aylesbury was not long in giving the de
sire jl consent. t "Give me leave, howevej-j"
saidshe to the lover, "to placb around you?
neck the memorial which I intended for you1; "
The, chain," it was a superb gold one "was
a token of gratitude from the ward in which he
lived, to my dear husband." Lady Aylesbu
ry's catiir and serious eyes were filled with
tears as she threw the claih round Edward's
neck, saying, " These links were born onjhu
neck of a worthy and an honoured man. . May,,.
you, my beloved son, attain to still higher lion
ours." The wish wa3 fulfilled, though not until dan
ger and suffering had tried severely the parties
concerned. The son-in-law of Lady Ayles
bury became an eminent piember of.the En
glish bar, and also an important speaker in
parliament. When Oliver Cromwell brought
tne King to tne scanoid, ana established tho
Commonwealth, Sir Edward Hyde for he:
had held a government post, and had been.
knighted, was too prominent a member of the
royalist party to escape the enmity of the new
rulers, and wa& obliged to reside upon the con-,
tinenl till the Restoration. While abroad, he
was so much esteemed by tho exiled prince
(afiei wards Charles II.) as to be appointed
Lord High Chancellor of England, which ap
pointment was confirmed when the king was
restored to his throne. Some years afterwards
Hyde was elevated to the peerage, first in the
rank of baron, and subsequently as Earl of
Clarendon, a title which he made famous ii
English history.
These uveitis, so briefly narrated, occupied a
large space of time, during which Lady Ayles
bury passed her days in quiet and retirement
She had now the gratification of beholding her.
daughter Co'uritess of Clarendon', and of seeing
the grand-children who had been born o her,'
mingling as equals with the noblest in the land..
But a still more exalted fate awaited the de
scendants of the poor friendless girl who had
come to London, in search of service, in a
wagonor s van. Her grantt-daugnter, Anna
Hyde, a young lady of spirit, wit and beauty,'
had been appointed,' while her family staid a
broad,one ofthe maids of honour to the Prin
ces of Orange, and in that situation had attrac--ted
so strongly the regards of James, Duke of
York', and brother of Charles II., ihat he cpn
tractpd a private, marriage with her. The birth,
of a child forced on a public announcement of
i his contract, and ere. long the grandaughtpr p'f
Lady Aylesbury was openly received by ths
royal family, and thef peopfe of England," as
Duch'esss of York, and sfster-in-law of the'sov-
ereig.n- -
Lady Aylesbury did not long survive ihis
event. But ere she dropped into the grave, at
a ripe old. age, she saw her descendants heirs
presumptive ofthe British crown. King Chas.
had married, but had no. legitimate issue, and,
accordingly, his brother's family had the pros
pect and the right of succession. And, in re
ality, two immediate descendants of the bare
footed country girl, did ultimately fill the throne"
Mary (wife of William IIL) and Queeri
Anna, princesses both of illustrious memory.
, Such were the fortunes of the young woriian
whbm"the worthy landlady ofthe Goat and Com
passes was fearful of encouraging to rashhbas
by a reference to the lofty position which it
had been her own fate to attain in life.. In one
assertion, at leastthq hostess was undoubtedly
right that success in life must be laboured
for in some way or other. Without the pru
dence anc propriety of conduct which won the
esteem and love of tho brewer, the sequel of
the country girl's history could not have boerv
such as it was.
Au American Dot: tress.
The medical community of Paris has beeri'
set a-talking by the arrival in this city ofthe
celebrated American doctreas, Miss Black well.
The lady .has quite bewildered the learned' fa
culty by her diploma, all in duo form ; author
izing" her to dose and bleed and' amputate with
the best of them. Some of them are certain
that Miss Blackwoll is a socialist of the most
furious class, and that her undertaking is the
entering wedge to systematic attack on society
by the fair sex. Others who have seen hor1
say that there isrjnothing very alarming in her
manner, that onr the contrary she appears moif
est and unassuming and talks reasonably, orr
other subjects. Tho ladies attack hor tn J?tvr.
turi. 6ne of them said to mo the xhvi tlay.;.
" Oh it is too' horrid ; I'm sur.e I never c&Jii'
touch her hand F Only to think those lorVg lin
gers of hers had been cutting up peopfe ?" I
have seen the doctor in question, an'dmttst say
in fairness, that hot appearance, is quite-prepossessing.
She is young and rather good
looking ; her manner indicates great energy
of character ; and she -seems to have entered
on her singular career from motives of duty it
encouraged by respectable ladies at Cincinnati.
After about ten days', blesitaiion on the part of
the directors ofthe Hospital of Maternity she
has at laTat received the permission to euter
that Institution as a pupil. Paris Cor. s
v -' .