r
g.v -.-. J .'Si- i
The whole art of Government consists in the art of being honest. Jefferson
VOL 8.
STRO UDSBURG, MQNROE COUNTY, PA., 'THURSDAY, MAY 4,- 18T48.
No. 42
Published by Theodore Sclioeh.
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Kissrfl
EULOGIUM UPON
JOHN QUI?CY ADAMS,
Ex-President of the United States.
Delivered March 6th IfrlS, in St. John's Lutheran Church, in
the Borougn ol Gaston.
By A. E. Brown, Esqr.
Fellow-Citizens: The death of the humblest
itilividiial leaves a chasm in ihe society of
which he formerly constituted a pari; the be
reaved social circle fix their learful eyes upon
the place he once occupied; the mournern ful-,
low him io the grave; and from the full heart
gushes fonh a tribute, however lowly, to the
virtues of him who "can return no more." The
man whose sphere of usefulness has been ex
tended beyond ihe limits of his own private cir
cle, whose mind has stamped iis impress upon
Ins village or upon his district through whose
influence institutions of religion and learning
have been established, or through whose enter
prize honest labor has recived employment arid
reward, has oihers 10 mangle with ihe baud of
mourning relatives who surround his bier. The'
student pale with study, the laborer brown with
toil unite in paying a tribute to his worth. The!
monuments ha erected are pointed out to' ihe
stranger, and his history is preserved in the
traditions of his neighborhood as an example fof
the young, and as a source of honest pride
for his cotemporaries. Such is the meed which
a grateful public pay to departed worth, even
when it has been displayed in private life, or in
a sphere 'of usefulness circumscribed in us ac
tion. But anon the tolling of the bell from every
capital throughout our wide spread land, and the
muffled tread of a nation of mouruers, tell that
one still more mighty has departed. As that
deep toned bell strikes upon the ear, a: nation
pauses in its onward march; the heart of a na
tion bows itself in majestic borrow ; and, utter
ed in subdued accents, one name is upon every
tongue. Circumscribed by rio local boundries,
limited by no ties of kindred or political asso
ciation, is the burst of reverential sorrow the
testimonial of the sevices and virtues of the
departed.
It is upon such an occasion, and with such
fpelings, thai we have assembled to pay our laVt
humble tribute to the memory of John Qutncy
Adams, late member of Congress, and ex-President
of these' U. States. Why is it that that
name falls with a, mournful interest upon the ears
of those who knew not the deceased in the days
of his glory- and his fame? Why is it that every
one in this assembly feels a though he had
sustained a personal bereayment? Why i it that
as one man we lament that that eye is dinimrd.
although we may never have met its glance?
Why is it that we mourn that those lips ar
rnute, although to us they may never have ad
dressed a salutation? It is because that name
is inscribed in imperishable character upon
.the .monument of our country's greatness; be
cause for half a century that voice, now mute,
has faljen upon a nation's ear; because that pure
spirit, now sped to more blissful regions, has so
mingled itself witi every thing that i pure
and good in the instittiions of our beloved coun
try, that'he has spoken ttf our heart of heatt,
kindling the fires of virtue, patriotism and lib
erty; and in that spirit have We assembled io
py our tribute to the memory pf the mighty
dead
The Poet, the Orator, the Diplomi'. "he
Siateman, the Patriot, the Christian ha Impar
led. But though the harp is unstrung, the Iifctft
11 .! t 1
itii vioraies wnn us well remernoerea tone;
though the lip is mute, the American mind is
the faithful chronicle of us treasured sayings; al
though the cold hand no longer wields the wou
xler working pen, at home and abroad it has re
corded its own history in nerei fading charac
ters; though the Patriot, form is ,no .longer seen
upon the ramparts of his country, Ji.e aided ere
hiK departure, in making them strong enough to
resist the, shock of a world in arm; and, in that
State, where in his boyhood a few feeble colo
flints hoped for civil and religious freedom,
where the first musket .pealed, and the firni
bayonetB flashed in the assertion of liberty ami
ihe right of man, his gravo will be safe, watch
ed by milliuus of admiring and lamenting .free
men. Although, the christian no longer cheers
by Ins bright example upon earth, his spirit
calls to us from the skies to follow his footsteps
artel partake his rest. ,
The subject of this discourse was born at
Braiutree, in the State of Masschusetts, oh the
Uth day of July 1767. He drew his first,
breath in a place and at a period auspicious to
the destinies of mankind. Feeble as the, wail
of thai infant, were, at that time, the complaints
oi the colonist against the grievances which
they endured; inefficient kas the arm of that in
fant, appeared their means of resistance against
the gigantic power that overshadowed them.
And yet that infant lived to hear ihe voice of
those once feeble colonists swell to the crv of
triumph for freemen, achieved by their own
right .arms; to see those colonists united uder
a free cotistiuiuion: he lived to stand as an
equal delivering the behests of millions of free
men in the presenceof that monarch whose sub
ject ho was born: he lived to see Slate after
State added to the glorious oldthirleen, to see
territories extended to the illimitable West, un
til the sun, which rises from the Atlantic wave
ceases not to shine upon our free and happy
possessions, till he quenches his rays in the
bosom of ihe wide Pacific. But it was not as
an uninterested spectator that Adams witnessed
those wonderous changes which were passing
around him. Still as this mighty march of a
migh'ty naifon held on its way, this boy ofjthe
revolution with steady step and untiring limb
accompained its progress, until wirjyfcjhis pow
ers expanding with his country's growth, he be
came prepared to be the historian of her deeds,'
the advocate ol her principles, anutne uelenaer
of her liberties. For him'there dawned no boy
hood of inglorious ease. Men were discussing'
public wVongs when he was in hi cra'dle
they were armm'g far public rights bythe time
he could comprehend what action meant. Lib
erty, independence, and ihe right of armed re
sistance td' reg'aT oppression were as household
words iWtne mansion of that stern patriot from
whom he derivetrhis existence. He saw the
march of the armed yeomanry of the land as
they sped" their way to Lexington and Bunker
Hill. And then came the parting from that
beloved parent who took .his way to the first
Congress, to urge on with indomitable energy
and resistless eloquence the mighty work then
in progress, and to brave the dungeon and the
gfober in behalf of the down trodden multitudes
not yet venturing to call themselves a nation.
In view of such rough schooling for his child
hood, and such a glorious fulfilment of hopes in
his maturer years, who can wonder that Adams
held ii as a principle upon which he confidently
acted, that no cause is desperate that can appeal
to the God of itghteousness for its justice and
its truth.
At 11 years of age he accompanied his fath
er io the court of Versailles whither he had been
despatched upon public business', 'and at the
age of 14 he was taken to the Court of Russia
by Franciw Dane, Minister Plenipotentiary of
the United States, a3 his private Secretary.
For him there appears to' have been no frolic
hours of boyhood. After spending several years
in Europe, diligently pursueing his studies, and
acquiring a knowledge of languages, he rejoined
his father at Paris and was present at the sign
ing of the treaty of Peace. From Paris he re
turned to his native country and commenced the
study of the Law in the office of Theophilus
Parsons. Alter his admission to the bar he re
mained in the practice of Law for about four
vears. During ibis period he published sever
al papers upon matters of government which at-
tracteu great attention notn at nome sou aoroaa
In 1794' he was appoiated minister of the
United States to the Netherlands, by Washing
ton
Near the close of Gen. W
asnmpjton a term
of office, 1797, Adams was appointed by him
Minister to the Court of Portugal, but hts des
filiation was changed before reaching Lisbon,
and he was appointed Minister to the Court of
Berlin. Whilst there he successfully negotia
ted an important treaty, between the United
Stains and Prus&ia.
In 1798, he was appointed commissioner,
with full powers io negotiate a treaty of amity
and commerce with Sweden.
In 1809, he wa9 appointed Minister Plenipo
tentiary to the Court of Russia, by Madison.
In 1813, he in conjunction with Messrs. Gal
latin and Bayard, was nominated Envoy Extra
ordinary, and Minister Plenipotentiary to nego
ua'e a Treaty of Peace with Great Britain.
I hat mission having proved unsuccessful, he
vcas again nominated at the, head of another
rnj&fion " 1814, for the same purpose, which
was 'Ttirely successful.
In 18.15, he was appointed by Mr. Madison,
Minister la the Court of St. James, and remained
ther .ulj the accession of Mr. Monroe io ihe
PrAshleiiiial chair, when he was re-called for
the purpose of assuming the highly honorable
and responsible post of Secretary of State, un
der the new administration.
It is no to be expected that wo can give any
detailed account of the service? of Mr. bda.w,
js Minister abroad. The history of the djpln
macy of the country, for that period was his
histpry. The archives of foreign courts, leem
with "hi labors. Keen, vigilant' and active,
jeajoiw ufijja lvjW pf kA country, nd'fuHy
alive jq her interests, well ve'rser in most of the
languages of modern Europe, skilled in .the
forms of Diplomacy, possessed of the pen of a
ready .writer, and. the fluency of the eloquent
speaker, asking nothing but what' was right,
and submitting to nothing that was wrong ; his
whole career in lhat. department was one, of un
paralleled success. Compact after compact, and
treaty afier treaiy.were triage and ratified, until
our youthful republic was bound io ihe. nations
of Continental Europe, by .ties of amity,, which
have never been sundered. In one respect.
Mr. Adams set an example, especially worthy
of imitation. Feeling. ihat. ihe representative
of a Republic should for the sake7 of consisten
cy, be simple in his. habits, he disregarded the
insignia of office, he .entered intq.no rivalship
of gorgeous dresses or costly .equipages,,he was
willing lobe measured bv mind alone, and mere
no man found him wanting. .
Such was the impression which this honest,
but learned and powerful representative of our
Republic made abroad, that his name is ,slill
held in the highest reverence. Yes, .and whqn
FT
the news of his decease is born across.the wat
ers, we will not be left alone lamenting that, a
bright star has been withdrawn from our galaxy..
for aged Europe will respond to ihe wail of
young America.
In 1802, Adams was elected to the Senate
of the State of Massachusetts. About 1802, he
filled the chair of Professor of rhetoric, at Har
vard University, with distinguished success.
The severe labors' of the serious business, in
which he was habitually engaged, never de
stroyed his laste for more, elegant accomplish
ments in fact those germs of fancy, which the
stern education of his boyhood, only repressed
without blighting, shot forth into flowers, in his
maturer days, and strewed the. old .man's rug
ged path with garlands of wit eloquence and
Poesy. i .
In 1803, he w,as chosen by the Legislature
of Massachusetts to represent .ihat Common
wealth in the Senate of the Uniied States. . In
1809,. finding that he differed from. his. constitu
ents upon an important, political question, and
advocating the doctrine pf the right of instruc
tion, he voluntarily resigned his seat in that
Ddy , f , , , - . .
- .tf 'i .
In 1817 he wa3.appoinfed Secretary of State,
by Mr. Monroe, which position he continued io
occupy, for the 8 years of; his administration.
During this period, the difficulties of the United
States with Spain were satisfactorily adjusted:
The a'ccessibn of the Floridas obtained,, and a
hove ail the Independence of ihe Republics of
South America, were recognized by this coun
try. In all these transactions, Mr. Adams bore
a distinguished and conspiciuou's pari. , Man
struggling for his rights, ever found in him a
ready sympathy, arid an efficient freind.
In 1825; he was. elected io the highest office
in the gift of the American people, ihe most
dignified station upon earth, the Presidency of
these Uniied Slates. For four vears he dis
charged ihe duties of that office with untiring
zeal and matchless ability. During his admin-
ministration, science andsuselul arts were en
couragedand fostered. Internal improvements,
commerce and navigation became friends and
allies, and moved harmoniously, side by side,
industry was secure of its reward, while peace
abroad, and prosperity at home, crowned the
lull measure of a NaMon'a blessings.
In 1829, having failed of a re-eleciion, he re
tired for two years to private life, and was al
lowed a brief cessation from his pubiic labors
Of the opinions and events of the election in
1828, it becomes us not to speak upon this qc
caion. In other days, impartial history will
discuss them. I he two principal actors in
those exciting scenes has each his nai row house
assigned him, where questions of earthly prece
dence will never again disturb the repose of the
occuparits : the warrior and the sage, have both
yielded to a power that neither valor nor wis
dom could resist : the deeds of the lion hearted
hero are the willing theme of everv tongue, and
the hoarse waves of faction, still their voices as
they roll towards the grave ofthe old man elo
quent. In 1831, he took his seal in the Congress of
the United States as a Representative from the
Stale of Massachusetts, and continued to hold
that position by the free choice of the electors
of his district, uniilthe day of his death. To
a man of ordinary intellect or limned acquire
ments, the transition from the Presidential chair
to the floor of Congress, would have been both
trying and dangerous. In ihe city of Washing
ion, lor four years he had wielded 'the power
and patronage of the entire Republic: over the
action of Congress, he had exercised a con
trolling influence as a co-ordinate branch of the
Government, and now the robes of office laid
side, he entered that body as an eqiial, claim
ing no more room and no more influence, than
his energy, his learningand his eloquence could
conquer for him, on thai floor.
But it was soon discovered that the trappings
of office had only paVlilly concealed instead of
consiitiiting'a part of his gigantic proportions,
am) lhat like some noble staue, the fiuifh, the
beauty, and the power of the work wa revealed,
as the dwpery was removed : What ever dif
ference of opinion may have existed as to his
adipjnisifatjtfu,of-thre Executive office, all unite
in admitting that his Congressional career was
one of unparalleled brilliancy.. Free, fearless
and independent, he cast his vole with no .par
ty, further than the convictions of his own judg
ment told him that they were right. ,, Startling
his friends sometimes by the boldness of his
views, the results' generally proved that what
appeared at first., sight to be rash, and par
aduxical,was but in fact the result of pene
trating sagacity. .
Familar with every treaty lhat had been en
tered into since ihe foundatian of our govern
ment and having a personal knowledge of' eve
ry eyent of importance for ihe last sixty years,
he served as a complete .dipio'matic and. histor
ical chart in ihe labors of Congress, and gave
information to his colleagues upon those sub
jects that was always relied upon and never
proved erroneous. He was in fact the venera
ble embodiment of American history: within
whose capacious memory was stored the treasures
of our former years, whose hand was busily re
cording the glories of .the present,, days : the link
that bound the present to the. past : the stern ora
cle who warned a nation not to rob the future of
its bright and glorious, prospects b a departure
from the paths of rectitude and virtue. Although
the acvanced age of Mr. Adams might have -entitled
him lo exemption. from the ordinary and lQbor
ous duties of his situation, , although the house
would have been willing to treat him. as a precious
relic.only to be brought foithongreatoccasionq.fiis
honest zeal and mascuhne intellect spurned at such
indulgences. .There was no labor from which he
askedvto be excused, and the drudgery of the . com
mittee room was discharged with as much cheer
fulness and zeal as though he were laboring for a
triumph before the eyes of an admiring nation-
No point too minute to receive attention, no claim
too humble to be weighed in the. scale of even
handed justice. Ever at.his post, the observer of
all, he seemed .like, an ancient hermit, amidst the
busy scenes around him : and yet that, eye and
ear ever or the alert for duty suffered nothing to
escape, them. -
1 A faithful representative of his immediate con
stituents, he ,became also the representative of
every man .and set ot men throughout, the country
who felt themselves aggrieved .by wrongs which
the National Legislature could redress. Never
upon that floor appeared a more uncompromising
adyobate of principle." With him it was an axiom
that by sacrificing a principle we do a great wrong
to ourselves and to posterity. Hence when the
right of petition was assailed,.he, at-once, became
its undaunted and willig advodate. Standing some
times almost .alone, the friends who loved him
praying him to desist, his own voice drowned by
clamors which breaking through all rules of order,
assailed, his ears in reproaches, and menaces :
from day to day, and from session to session, there
stood that brave old man battling for an invalua
ble principle. lie .well, knew, though others
seemed to have forgotten it, that the' right of the
people, to be heard by petipn in the councils of the
nation was one of the sacred attributes of a free
form of government,, and that those who denied
that right in whatever form it was asserted, as
sailed the sacred citadel of civil liberty. Though
friends shrunk from his support he felt that -the
cause was just and that he must prevail ; yea,
though the solid earth could crumble around him,
he felt that his foot was planted oh a rock, where
the champion of the free expression of the popu
lar will could stand secure,. Though threatened
with dissolution pf the Uniqn he. still contended,
with unabated vigor, for the right of representing
grievances without which our government either
united or separated would cease to discharge its
proper functions. Yes, destroy the right, ofjpeii
tion, and you virtually say that an election to of
fice is an absolute transfer of power, and not mere
ly (as it actually is) a trust confided for the benefit
of the people and to be exercised under their di
rection. At length, however, the auspicious morn
ing dawned and the right of the people was vindi
cated : the doors of Cengress were opened to the
complaints of those who had sent 'its members
thither : and. a fatal encroachment upon free gov,
ernment was arrested? Thus will it ever be with
the man of sound judgment and firm fixedness of
purpose . error niay lor a tune cast a laint and
soon vanishing halo around the head of the enthu
siast or the demagogue, but truth and justice, in
the end: encircle with wreaths of never dying'flow
ers and brows- of their fearless and unwearying
advocate.
As a parliamentary debater Mr. Adams had no
superior, perhaps no equal upon the floor of Con
gress. AVith a style clear, logical and terse, mod
elled after the best schools ol the ancient orators:
Master of all the graces of rhetoric with a mind
stored with the literature and learning of all ages,
with a memory capacious, ready, retentive, an
eye of Eagle glance and a voice of wondrous pow
er, and capable of modulation to the most exquisite
harmony, art and nature seem to have combined
for the production of a perfect orator. "Who that
for the lirst time saw that calm old man wrapt in
his own pursuits at his solitary desk could have
dreamed' of the thrilling power and passion with
which he could electrily the house 'upon a great oc
casion: it was as though the fiery blood of Achilles
was for a titne.coursing in mad caree'r thro'the veins
nf the venerahlf Nestor. And learful was the fate
of those who assailed that pld man with taunt and
ridicule and denunciation in his latter days, tbey
thought that they were sporting with a snow
wreath that would melt at their breath, but found
that they stirred a volcano before whdse fires their
own-grew pale. Let those who fled from the re
ply of that indignant and aggrieved patriottell how
deep he could drive the icy sWoru ot sarcasm.
But it was not alone upon great occasions, when
admiring ciowds thronged the hall tohear him,
that he was-distinguished upon that floors there
was the apposite historical tact,, the knowledge of
men and dates bearing upon private claims, the
ready application of Constitutional principles, the
wisdom in the forms and substance of Legislation,
ne personal weight and influence in reconciling;
differences, the careful vigilance over public and
,. .i i t. ... i .t. . i.i
private rignts, tnese maue up uisum oi iai oiu
man's daily contributions to the service of his
country.. ' s
And anon from., that solitary deslc, like a sun
beam on a winters day.
; Daffodils,'
That come before the iwallow dares, and take
The winds o March with beauty,;
would steal forth .some gem of4 poesy showing
that that frail tenement was inhabited by a happy,
loveing, and joyous spirit. , 1
And thus from day to day and.from year to year
passed on this good and great man's placid liW; with
powers always fully employed and never overtask
ed: with conscientious. industry,each week-day badt
its appropriate duties,.and each sabbath found him,,
in the: temple of his G.od. Neither too old nor too
wise to learn, 4ie caught with eager ears the truths
nC dnAa -hnlv vvnrrl frmh thfi lins nf the hum-
blest of his ministers.- Free to the teachings of his
pious parentsj.his whole life was-an inculcation of
the practice of morality and religion. Free from all
RvopssBPs nf voirth. he carried a vigorous and un
impaired intellect to an extreme old age,, and when
summoned hence yielded a pure and" unstained
spirit to the mercies of his God.
Ori the 2 1st day of. February last the angel of
death entered the hall of the House of Represen
tatives, and brushed with his sable wing the heart
of the old man eloquent. He was found at his,
post.of duty, and when the members' started to
their feet, the patriarch of the house was feebly
struggling in the arms, .of that fearful t. messenger.
One glance at thafpallid face and drooping form,
told that for him time was ended and eternity about,
to begin. . Then" was the voice of party hushed in
the presence of that dread leveller of all distinctions,
apd- tears from every eye? and sighs vfrom every
breast, told how, r that pure spirit, now" about to
depart had endeared itself to all who came within
it a infliioriPD
1 owl ll(UUIIIVU-f " v t f .
This was nofallof.a gallant paftizan over whom
a generous enemy drops a soldier's tear, it was a
father dying in the midst of a weeping family.
Yes death had met the heavy laden labourer in
the busy highways of' life, and he had uncomplain
ingly laid doWn his burden, albeit it was precious
with all the gems of earth, and cahn'y prepared
himself for a rest that was to be eternal. "T'his it
the end of earth," he feebly said to his surrounding
friends. He .lingered till the'23d, ana" then the
silver cord was loosed, the golden bowl was bro
ken, and the spirit departed. .U that remained
on earth, of the Orator, Statesman and Sage, was
a lifeless corpse,. pale and voiceless, as"" the mar
ble statues that surrounded him'. He , died rh the
Capitl.of his country. .The monuments of her
growing greatness, were around him: the mourners
about his dying bed, were the Representatives of
a free and. mighty nation. Yes, Representatives
able and elequsnt, statesmen from Independent
States, which had not a. hatrie or a boundary,,
when he commenced his labour, where the axe
of the woodman had not let in.. the suji light upon
tlje leaf incumbered soil. He left to his family
the inheritance of an honorable and stainless name,.
to hiscountrymen, a bright example of the value
of industry, fidelity and truth, and to.his country,
the results of the labors of a long and laborious
life, devoted to her service.
" And he said unto her. Is it well with thee, is
it well with thy husband, is it well with thy child?
And she answered, it is. well.', Yes, it is well
that death should come to our relief, ere the cares
of earth too much subdue the enfeebled body, it is
well that the lyre should'be unstrung, ere the trem
bling hand of the aged minstrel, make discord a-t
mongst its strings. It is well that we should put
orTthe flesh, ere the immortal spirit suffers by iu
decay., .
The builder of monuments, of Physical, art,
need that the pilgrims steps should be turned to
ward his work or it is unknown and unappreciated.'
The whirlwind strikes them, or the rush, pf the
waters bears them down, and they are gone fore
ever. But the Orntor and the sttesman, have'
for their monuments the intellectual powers of the .
living age, their words are stored in millions of
memories, and the National mind is the, book,'
where their deathless sayings are recorded,
. Thus it is that great names so interweave them-'
selves with Science, Eloquence, Philosophy arid'
Goverment, that they have a deathless e3istpncev
whilst the subjects end'Jre. Thus is it that the su'C
ces'ful patriot is so recorded upon the monuments
of his cPuntry's greatness, that his name will be re
membered till that nation is scattered abroadl
And thus in future days when the measure of our
Republic's greatness is full, when a hardy and en
terprising population shall havaleft no solitary pla
ces between the Atlantic and Pacific, when our roll
of fame shall be filled with the names of , the migh
ty dead: the eye of the student will still .turn with
celight to the story of that boy of the Resolution,
who stood beside the cradle of his country, who'
for the first sixty years of her existen.ee, was part
and parcel kof his history, who died in, her capitol,
with'the glorious flag of our Union, waveing above
his head, with an entire' Congress for his Iriends-;
and a" Mighty Nation for his mourners.
The Term "LadY"
It is strange how things become changed with'
time, and it is also strange how different term.-i1
are often employed from what they were when';
they first originated'. Take, for instance the word
'Lady.' In an old work.'of the' date ol 176:1, is'
the, following account of that word:
'Aq T hnvn QtnrltriH mnm urkt n nnorlairm fn'tVia
....s. .mat " "
ladies than to the gentlemen, I will satisfy you
how it came to paa that women of fortune were
called ladies, even before their husbands had any
title, to convey that mark of distinction to them.
It was generally the1 fashioh for a lady of affluence,
once a week or oftenerto distribute a certain
quantity o( bread to her poor neighbors witrrqer'
own hand, and she was dalled by them, leff day,
(i. e. the bread giver.) These two Words tferb'
in timo corrupted, and the meaning of the term ia
now as little known' as the practice which gave
rise to it.'
According to' this", the word mijjht be put clown
among the obsolete, forthe ladies; art very differ
ent things in theh'e days.