t-'?,g.rr'ir: r ,,,-, i ,l.in,i.i..l I,,-, ,-n,,, , . ", ' ' ' ',' ' ;.;;;,' . - - c '- f.":'
t . , . . ,. 1HE WHOLE ART OK. GOVERNMENT CONSISTS IN THE ART OF BEING HONEST. Jefferson. ' ' " J rfNr
iHE WHOLE ART OK. GOVERNMENT CONSISTS IN THE ART OF BEING HONEST. Jefferson.
VOL 7.
STRO UDSBURG, MONROE COUNTY, PA., THURSDAY, JUNE 17, 1847.
No.
TERMS Two dollars per annum in advance Two dollars
a 1 1 ;t quarter, half yearly and if not paid before the end of
the year, Two dollars and a half. Those who receive their
ipers bv a carrier or stage drivers employed by the proprie
tors, will be charged 37 1-i cents, per year, extra.
No papers discontinued until all arrearages are paid, except
at the option of the Editor.
JO Advertisements not exceeding one square (sirteen linos)
will be inserted three weeks for one dollar : twenty-five cents
i ir every subsequent insertion : larger ones in proportion. A
liberal discount will be made to yearly advertisers.
ID All letters addressed to the Editor must be post-paid.
.TOI5 FRIfVTSNG.
Having a general assortment of larg, oiegant, plain and orna
mental Type, we are prepared to execute every
dcfcriplion of
Curds, Circulars, Bill Heads, Motes,
Blank Receipts,
JUSTICES, LEGAL AND OTHER
BLANKS,
PAMPHLETS, &c.
rrinteJ with neatness ahd despatch, on reasonable terms,
AT THE OFFICE OF THE
JFcfferscmlasi Kcpablicaii.
Original Hymn,
Suug at the. Unitarian Collation, Boston.
nV MRS. M. B. HOItTOX.
What mingled strains from earth uprise,
To swell the echoes of the skies
Chords from the living heart strings flung,
To blend with praise by seraphs sung.
At Sorrow's touch, the lays of wo
rcathe forth in cadence. sadly low.
From crimson fields the notes of war
In awful chorus upward soar.
To starry bights, by angels crowned,
On viewless wings is borne the sound,
Which casts a holy pity's shade
O'er brows whose halo ne'er can fade.
JJut hark! how Heaven's hiyh arches riwr
When sons of Earth in gladness sing ;
When Faith and Love united raise
The fervent anthem of their praise.
Oh ! let this anthem's mighly power
So fill our spirits at this hour,
'That angels from the stars may bend,
To catch with joy the notes we send.
Then shall these happy unions be
One lengthened chain of harmony ;
A melod3T of heavenly birth,
Softening the discords of the earth.
Epigrams.
Mi- Hii.-i.-o nf tVin a pirnot iiinnro PliJinrloi-
phia, offered a few evenings since, a silver cup for !
. , . . ,. . i -1 , ;
me oesi lirnifn-am ine audience io ueciue uy an-
rJi.. r - - . -
plause. The followino took it :
On a Mexican Soldier, shot in battle, by an
American Bootmaker.
His hide'xs cut, he's got his ball.
He's lost his sole, he's lost his awl,
He's got his last, he's got his end ;
He's got a hole he cannot mend.
That which was considered next best, and for
which the prize was strongly claimed, was as fol
lows :
Santa Anna's les of bond and stick
Have set the people punning,
But Taylor's being short and thick,
Were never made for riuumig.
A nother on the same subject; was as follows :
" I'll die or conquer!" (Santa Anna swore.).
u Who'll write my Epitaph when I'm no morel"
On Cerro Gordo's heights, he changed his mind;
lie ran but left his L-E-G behind.
Females lao Eeavd.
How wisely are all formed below,
No Beard on woman's chin can grow;
For how be shaved whate'er the skill,
Who's tongue won't let the chin stand still!
Elegant Carpeting for 12d cents per yard. We
called on a friend" the other day, and our attention
was attracted to wi?at was apparently a canvass
carpet, of very fine texture, of fresh colors, and
tv.'ilh a handsome border. On inquiry we were sur
prised lo learn it was what might be called home
spun, and that it cost but uinepence per square
yard. As no letters patent fave been taken out
for the invention, we give the directions as we re
ceived them. Sew together strips of the cheapest
cotton cloth of the jsize of the loom, and tack the
edges to the floor ! Then paper the cloth as you
would the sides of a room, with auy sort of paper.
The paste will be stronger ifgumarabic be mixed
with it. After being -well dried, give it two coats
of varnish, and your carpet is finished. It can be
washed like canvass carpets, without injury.
Such carpets of course will not bear the
rough usage of a kitchen, but in chambers and
keeping rooms our informajrt tells us'hfe has seen
them after being used for two years and frequently
washed, retaining a most beauti fa' polish, smooth
er than canvass. Portsmouth Jou'frtal.
To work half your time in amassing a fortune,
and then be obliged,to spend the remainder of your
days in watching that fortune, just for youf; vict
iwnls and clothes, may ijbe called a 'thundering hard
case,'
1'rotn Prcscoirs u Conquest of Mexico."
The Ancient Mexicans, or Aztecs.
HUMAN SACRIFICES AND CANNIBALS.
Human sacrifices were adopted by ihe Az
tecs early in the Mili century, about 200 years
befoie the Conquest. Rare at first, they be
came more frequent with the wider extent of
the empire ; till at length almost every festival
was closed with this cruel abomination. These
religious ceremonies were generally arranged
in such a manner as to afford a type of ihe
most prominent circumstances in the character
or history of the deny who was the object of
them. A slight example will suffice.
One of the most important festivals was that
in honor of the god Tozcailipoca, whose rank
was inferior to that of the Supreme Beiri. He
was called the "soul of the world" and sun-
posed to have been its creator. He was de
picted as a handsome man, endowed with per
.petual youth. A year before the intendfe sac-
nhce, a captive, distinguished for his personal
beauty, and without a blemish on his body, was
selected to represent this deity. Certain tutors
took, charge of him and instructed him how toJ
perforin his new part with becoming grace and
dignity. He was arrayed in a splendid dress,
regaled with incense and with a profusion of
sweet-scented flowers of which ihe ancient
Mexicans were as fond as their descendants of
the present day. When he went abroad, he
was attended by a train of the royal pages, and
as he hailed in the street to play some favorite
melody, ihe crowd prostrated themselves before
him, and did him homage as the representative
of their good deit'. In ihis way he led an
easy, luxuriant life, till within a month of his
sacrifice. Four beautiful girls, bearing the
names of the four principal goddesses, were
then selected to share the honors of his bed ;
and with them he continued to live in idle dal
liance, feasted at the banquets of the principal
iiobles, who paid all the honors of deiiy.
At length the fatal day of sacrifice arrived.
The term of his short lived glories was at an
end. He was stripped of his gaudy apparel,
and bid adieu to the fair partners of his revel
ries. One of the royal barges transported him
across the lake to a temple which rose on its
margin, about a league from the city. Hither
the inhabitants of the capital flocked to witness
the consummation of the ceremony. As the
sad procession wound up the sides of the pyra
mid, the unhappy victim threw away his gay
i i. r n iii - - t
cnapieis oi uowers, anu oroKe m pieces mo mu-
sicai instruments wnn wnu n ne naa soiacea
lhe -hours of capimiy. On the summit he was
received by six priesis, whose lonu and malted
, , a ii it i- ii
locks flowed disorderly over their sable
robes,
covered with hieroglyphic scrolls of mystic im
port. They led him lo the sacrificial stone, a
huge block of jasper, wnh its upper surface
somewhat convex. On this the prisoner wa-3
stretched. Five priests secured his head and
his limbs, while the sixth clad in a scarlet man
lie, emblematical of his bloody office, dexter
ously opened the breast of ihe wretched victim
with a sharp razor of itztli, a volcanic substance,
hard -as flint, and inserting his hand in the
wound, lore out the palpitating hear: ! The min
ister of death, first holding this toward ihe sun,
an object of worship throughout Anahuac, cast
it at the feet of the deiiy to whom the temple was
devoted, while the liiuhiiudes below prostrated
themselves in humble adoration. The tragic
story of this prisoner was expounded by the
priests as the type of human destiny, brilliant
in its commencement, too often closed in sor
row and disaster.
The most loathsome part of ihe story the
manner in which the lody of the sacrificed cap
tive was disposed of remains yet lo be told.
It was delivered to ihe warrior who had taken
him in battle, and by him, after being dressed,
was served up in an entertainment to his friends!
This was not the coarse repast of famished
cannibals, but a banquet teeming with the de
licious beverages and delicate viands prepared
with art and attended by both sexes, who, as we
shall see hereafter, conducted themselves with
all the decorum of civilized life. Surely, nev
er were refinement and.the eXtr6me of barbarism
brought so closely in contact with each other.
Human sacrifices have been practised by
many nations of aniiquity ; but never by any
on a scale to be compared with those of Ana
huac. The amount of victims immolated on its
accursed aliars would stagger the faiih of the
least scrupulous believer. Scarcely any au
thor pretends io estimate the yearly sacrifices
throughout the empire at less than twenty thou
sand, and" s"ome carry the number as high as
fifty thousand.
On great occasions, as the coronation of a
king or the consecration of a temple, the num
ber becomes still more appalling. At the ded
ication of the great temple of Huizilopotchli, in
1446, the prisoners, who for some years had
been reserved for the purpose were drawn from
all quarter's" t6 ihe capital. They were ranged
in files, forming a procession nearly two miles
long. The ceremony consumed several days,
and seventy thousand captives are said to have
perished at the shrine of this terrible deity !
But who can "believe that so numerous a body
would have suffered themselves io be led imre-
jsoiitiugly like sheep to the slaughter? Or how
could their remains, too great Tor consumption
in the ordinary way, be disposed of, without
breeding a pestilence in the capital 1 Yet the
event is of recent date, and is unequivocally at
tes'dd by the best informed historians. One
fact may be considered certain: ii was custom
ary to preserve the skulls of ihe sacrificed in
buildings appropriated to the purpose. The
companions of Coriez counted one hundred and
sixty-six thousand in one of the edifices !
Without attempting a precise calculation, there
fore, it is safe lo conclude that thousands were
yearly offered up, in the different cities of An
ahuac, on' lhe bloud' aliars of Mexican divinities.
Frcsecai SSaie off l!ae Seven CEmrches.
At a recent meeting of the Asiatic Society,
ihe secretary read a memoir by Capt. T. J.
Newbold, On the present Condition of the
Seven churches of Asia, mentioned in the Rev
elation,' which the writer has recently visited.
He observes that the history of these interest
ing localities is well known ; but that their
present condition has been little adverted to.
He begins his account with the Church of
Ephesus : the first mentioned by St. John, and
thai which still maintains its ecclesiastical su
periority in giving a title to a Greek archbishop,
while the others have only bishops at their head,
though it is low in statistical importance.
The port of Fjphesus is now choked up by a
pestilential morass ; and lonely walls, tenanted
only by ihe jackal, occupy the site of the once
populous city. The village of Ayasaluk stands
about a mile from the ruins, and contains about
forty scattered cottages, one only tenanted by
a Christian. The mosque of the village con
tains four graniie columns, said to have belonged
to the great Temple of Diana whose ruins
are still visible near ihe port. The mosque is
going to decay, like the Christian church, and
every thing appears to be in the last stage of
dissolution. Capt. Newbold noticed that some
of ihe granite which formed part of ihe ancient
temple had exfoliated, evidently from extreme
heat ; and he suggests ilml this might have hap
pened when the temple was consumed by fire.
Smyrna, ihe most flourishing of the whole, is
an increasing city. Its population which
twenty years ago was about 77,000 is now
above 130,000, and is rapidly increasing.
There are- five Greek, three Lalin, and two
Protestant churches. The Greek have numer
ous schools, and ihe Latin a large college ; but
the Protestant schools have failed. The Greek
church at Smyrna continues in a flourishing
condition. Pergamus is the most prosperous
of the churches after Smyrna. The popula
tion is 16,000, of whom 14,000 are Turks, and
nearly all the rest Christians. The Chiistian
quarter contains two Greek churches and one
Armenian. Close to ihe ancient church, Capt
Newbold found a Greek school, where ihe pu
pils were seated on marble tombstones, which
formed ihe pavement of the school. He gives
copies of three of ihe inscriptions there, none
of which have been hitherto published. Thya
tira is still a flourishing town. I t had been lost
to the Christian world from the fall of Constan
tinople, under the Turkish name of Akhisser,
until brought io light in the 17th century. Tlie
population is above 10,000, of whom 2,000 are
Greek, and 120 Americans. The Greeks and
-Americans have each a church ; Uie former
said to be on the site of the ancient Apocalyp
tic church. Captain Newbold copied several
inscriptions there. Sardis, the ancient capital
of Croesus, is now more desolate than even
Ephesus. Scarcely a house remains. The
melancholy Cygccn lake the swampy plain of
the Hermus, and the thousand mounds forming
the necropolis of the Lvdian monarch, among
which rises conspicuous the fartied tumulus of
Aylattes produce a scene of gloomy solemni
ty. Massive ruins of buildings yet remain, the
walls of which are made up of sculptured pieces
of the Corinthian and Ionic columns that once
formed portions of the ancient Pagan temples.
The Paciolus, famed for its golden sands, con
lains no gold, but the sparkling grains of m'ica
with which the sand abounds have probably
originated ihe epithet. Capt. Newbold suggests
that ihe singular lumuii of Sardis deserre to
be opened and recommends the suhject to the
attention of the Society. Philadelphia has a
population of 10,000 Turks, and 3,000 Greeks.
It contains twenty-five churches all small and
mean, bul containing fragments of ancient sculp
tures. A massive rum was pointed mil as ihe
church of the Apocalypse. Laodtcea, whose
fate had been forgotten for centuries, was brought
to light in the seventeenth century. It was,
and is a melancholy mass of desolate ruins.
The hills on which it stands have been sup
posed to be volcanic, but' erroneously ; they
are composed of aqueous beds, chiefly lime
stone. Epucation ixGeiuiany. Every cliild musi
emer school at six years of age, iii default of
which a penalty is exacted of lhe parent or
guardian under whom the delinquency trans
pires. " I knows well enough," said a fellow "where
fresh fish comes from but where they catch these
''ere salt fish, I'll be hanged if f can tehV'
Bread ami SSakers.'
When a public meeting of bakers was called
a few days ago, wo labored under the misap
prehension that the sight of their ovens in full
blast had suggested some ideas of future retri
bution and so inspired them with an anxious
desire lo amend some of the naughty practices
to which not a few members of their worship
ful fraternity are thought to be addicted. But
it has since appeared that at the meeting refer
red to, it was not resolved that the custom of
using pernicious drugs in the preparation of
their bread, should be discontinued. It was
not resolved that an aslringeut mineral which
enables the flour to hold double quantity of wa
ter, and ihus increase jhe weight of ihe loaves
without adding much to iheir value, should be
dispensed wiih. Ii was not resolved that an
other drug of a still more poisonous nature, de
signed to give an unnatural "whiteness to lhe
bread, should be banished from every bakery.
No ! no such resolutions were passed. It was
merely decided in ihis solemn conclave, that,
in consequence of the advance in flour, it was
necessary lhat the price of bread should be
raised. ' At the first glimpse, this seems rea
sonable enough. Nobody denies thai ihe prof
its of the bakers are less now than they were
when flour was purchasable at five dolla'rs per
barrel, bul the question is if their profits are
not still large enough, without the additional
taxation which they propose to levy on our cit
izens. Were we id mentibn the amount of flour which
enters into the composition of an eight cent lbaf,
our readers would be astonished, perhaps in
credulous. The principal ingredient, as we
hinted above, is water, hence the insipidity
which' is so remarkable in almost all bakers'
bread. If the supply of water should fail, the
plea for raising the pricei of bread would be
much more valid than it' is at present. The
price of flour has some effect on the bakers' prof
fits, bin not much, for the proportion of that in
gredient is so small that a linlo variation in .the
cost of it is hardly worth talking about. The
bakers, most of them we meat, practice a de-
lestable kind of economy in the manufacture of
ihe " staff of life," which in our candid opinion
is olten converted. by them lnlo ihe dart of death.
Our country readers who have ihe happiness to
(reside where bakers' bread is a luxury known
only by name, would be enabled to guess why
dyspepsia.dyseniery, inflammation and ulcera
tion of the stomach and bowels are diseases so
prevalent in our large cities, if they knew what
saving expedients are adopted by many of our
bread-makers. The substance used to make
twelve ounces of flour absorb two pounds of
water, cannot be swallowed in any considerable
quantity without great injury lo health, and in
some states of the human system a small por
lion of it might be fatal. Another drug used
by some unprincipled bakers for a nurnose sne
cilied above, is considered bv physician's too:cortI t0 hllh the honcr of having opened a seal-
dangerous
rous to be administered internally even
as a medicine.
We do not mention lhe names of these drills,
because there are probably some bakers who
do not understand the use of them and are bel
ter without the knowledge thereof.
The every-day experience of our readers will
present a curious fact for observation ; barrels
of flour just purchased may often be seen at the
doors of our city bakers ; just cast your eye
on the lettering and you will remark that very
little of this flour is of the best brands, much
of ii is of such an inferior quality that a house
wife would pronounce it impracticable. And
yet a baker can make whiter and a finer looking
bread of such flour than a housewife coufu1 make
of ihe best Patterson's or Rochester. What is
the secret ? Why a mischievous drug is used
to correct the dun color and heavy nature of the
material, and thus a very cheap and ordinary
flour is made to answer the purpose, and while
lhat may be done, very few bakers will choose
io provide any thing better.
The inference to be drawn from all we ha'vo
said, is that there is no necessity for raising
the price of bread, unless the quality of the
article is improved. If the bakers Will call a
meeting and enter info a solemn obligation to
furnish the public wuh good a?id wholesome bread,
wo shall make no complaint against an advance
in price. Let them economize theft chemicals
and put in more of the nutritious in'gr'edieni, and
the public will generously r6miirioraie them.
Besides, they will then be enabled to look at
their glowing and sparkling ovens without shud
dering at the idea of lhat fiery retribution which
avvaiis sinners who trifle with the health and
lives of their fellow creature. Scott's Weekly
Paper.
AsBatomy of lle Hotfse.
An impulse is likely to' be given to a much
neglected subj'edi, by the energy of the Mass.
Agricultural Society. Veterinary science is
scarce known in New England ; and in . con
sequence of a criminal ignorance of ihe horse
to say nothing of many other useful domestic
animals, thai trusty servant of man suffers un
necessarily, and not uufrequemly, when sick,
dies a viciim to ihe abominable medication of
isomiS pretender, v'ho knows no more of the
principles upon which remedies, should- be'
ministcred, than he does of the political con
dition of the inhabitants of Leverie's new -planet.
A horse-doctor in this country, wuli so'iim
exceptions to be sure, occupies ihe very lowe.t.
position in ihe category of medical pretenders1
He falls vastly ini ihe rear of vaiiirer-curur v
seventh sons and Indian doctors. In abort
farrier, instead of being a person of cx ict ai
tainments in his business, loo frequently knows
nothing at all about it. In England, uii the
contrary, veterinary medicine receives ihe fos
tering care of ihe legislaiure, and those who14
study it sustain an honorable place in society."
Ii should and might be so heie ; and we. en
tertain a hope that ihe dawn of, a better st.W?
of things in this strangely neglected field; fo
benevolent enterprise, appealing as it docs to
the humanity of intelligent people, is about io
be ushered in.
When' a horse is sick, it is too often tlie ctis
tom, hereabout, to give some of every ariirlo
that maybe suggested by a neighbor, as beuiy
excellent for a dumb beast, without ihe lea-C
regard to the causes, lhat have impaired h'i.
health. YVheu the whole farrago of decoctiotii
as vile in flavor and incongruous in composition
as possible, fails to give relief, boluses,' ih'ai'
w oil hi have proed destructive missiles in tlie
bombardment of Vera Cruz, are next forced
down the poor creature's throat.
Cathartics of a severely drastic character, h&
unreasonable doses, are also favorites with th'
pseudo veterinarians, who occasionally al.-o"
pour down bottles of gin or new rum, because?
they are always said to be good, like ea:iup te;
for children. After all these ineffectual pro
scriptions, the unfortunate animal i-s placed un
der the regular treatment of a professed horse
doctor, and, as might be expected the horse is,
quickly finished the owner consoling himself
wuh the satisfactory reflection thai all ih'e re
sources of transmitted experience and improved
science were of no avail in preserving life !
In view of therdeplorable low stune of knowl
edge on this subject, lhe Massachusetts Agricul
tural Society has imported an anatomical model
of the h'orse, pap iar mache of ihe same maie-
1 r'al jf which the manakins arc constructed
mat is irue to nature in every essential
panic-
ular, bolh as it respects the size, posiuon ami
color of eacli and every organ, internal as well
as external, and which may be separated, piere
b)' piece, from the superficial muscles id the?
deepest seated tendons. As a work of art, if
is admirable nay, more, surprising.
On Friday evening, April lOth, a lecture wa
given in. the hall of the. House of RepresSiiiia
tives, in this city, by Dr. Warren, on ihe gen
eral anatomy of the horse, making reference
this splendid production, in illustration of his
propositions, and we think favorably impressed
an intelligent audience on the Ihiponance oC
having a systematic course of veterinary sci
ence taught in this place. We cheerfully a-
a a. - ? "
! e(1 vo!ume i" Massachusetts and thank him-,. too;
iii the name of humanity, for this kini effort
to lessen the sufferings of this noble aivl useful
animal.
Boston Medical and Surgical Journal. .
interest! tig Facts.
Large waves proceed at the rate of about 35
mjles ah hour. Many suppose ilia! ihe water
advances with the speed of the wave, but ii is
not so ; the form of the wave only advances
exceptinga little spray, while the water remains
rising and falling in the sanio place.
Tlie moon is 230,000 miles distant frorrf' the"
earth. With an instrument that maunifies a
,,10usa"d lnCs: s appears but 240 mils off.
The moon is but iho fiftieth part of the LuJk- of
the earth.
The sun 13 1,300,000 times larger llian' ouf
globe, and dis'tan't from ihe earth- 9l',O00I00O
miles.
There will not be a total eclipse of jthe s'tin
in America, until August 9, IS69:
Anger has produced billions fevers, herrrior
rages, inflammation of the brain, apoplexies and'
death.
It costs the people of the United States an-
nually, S 12,000,000 to support their dogs. '
PittacuSjOne of ihe seven wise men of Greece',
made a law, that every man who commiiietha'
fault in a stale of intoxication, should receive
double punishment.
- The passion of love has been known to ex
cito inflammatory fevers, hysterics, tfnd vcYi
madness.
There are seventy thousand kernels of corn in
The first chimney ever conN'nicteineat
Venice, in 1347, the second in Hume, lupRu
The Bible can be read in nearly 150 WfiV
eni languages.
At the Island of vjtaheiie it is In'ofr Water
procisely at noon and at midnight, ihe .year
ro'und.
Lightning travels with a velocity, twiqo.as
great as that of light, being at iho raiev-oT2;V
000,000 miles a minute. " '
The heart of man fs said to w.eigh about' ntrW.
ounces ; that of a woman-, eight. As
age iih
f
creases, a man's heart grows heavier,''
nJ we
ad-jrhan's lighter, after she is thirty. C