. tiV
The whole art ok Government consists in the art op being honest. Jefferson.
VOL 5.
STROUDSBURG. MONROE COUNTY, PA., THURSDAY, JANUARY 9, 1845.
No. 33
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AT THE OFFICE OF THE
Jcffersoiiiau Republican.
A " Worry" Sad Lamentation.
'It is not that she bade me go,
And said I'd better stop my calling.
It is not that she answered, 'No,'
As loud as could be short of bawling;'
It was not that she slammed the door,
And set her nasty lap-dog on me ;
Oh, no! a greater, keener grief
Weighs down my heart and preys upon me.
I cannot bear to see her go U:
And promenade with other fellow.
1 cannot bear to see her walk
On rainy days 'neath their umbrellas;
To see such things a-going on,
Excites my virtuous indignation;
I 4t
"hi
It makes me swear, as one might say, rt
In vulgar nhraze, ' like all creation.'
To see her seated in a chair,
"With half a dozen fops about her; '
And hear that fool Augustus swear '
He 'can't exist a day without her;' '
Tis this which makes my withered hopes
Fall thick and fast like leaves iu Autumn,
And causes my poor heart to beat
Like a young bear's when dogs have caught him.
What if her father is the Squire,
j And I'm a briefless-lawyer-devil?
She needn't cut me in the street
7. Ul. 1 1 1 1
it u wiiuiu in nun tier 10 ue civil. . ,
Ij But ah ! my heart-strings aro a lute
On which her hand unfeeling lingers;
i Well be it so! the tune is sad,
But then 'tis played by Beauty's fingers- 1
Enough! enough! I've lost the maid :
My mind is bordering on distraction ;
Yes, es I'll leave this classic shade,
And seek a wilder field of action :
For in the distant Texan land, ' 1
In war's proud ranks I'll seek for glory j
And then perhaps in latter years -fit -My
name will sound in verse and story. -
And if, oh, cruel Marianne ! '
You hear them tell about 4 a stranger - '
Who wore the "lone star,' on his crest ; -r :
And never cared a cent for danger,'
Perhaps you'll proudly lopk around, t
And with a sigh of sympathy
Exclaim to all your wondering friends,
'That brave young man, once courted me.'
Girls, Jump Up!
The editor of the Portland Express, in discour
sing upon early rising, talks in this wise: ''Up,
"with you ! Mary, Anna, Eliza, Ellen, Abbey, Sa
rah, Olive, Caroline, Lydia, Jane, Louisa, Maria,
Lucy, Elizabeth, Nancy, Harriet, Ruth, Hannah,
and all the rest of you girls, arouse wake up
rise, and see the sun rise, and brush away the dew
from the beautiful grass. You not only lose the
best portion of the day by lingering in bed, but
you depress your spirits and contract sluggish
habits. What, are you sleepy 1 Jutnp out of bed
fly round stir about, and in a few moments you
will be as bright as larks. We would'nt give i
straw for girls who won't get up in the morning
azj, dumpish creatures. Our advico to young
men who are looking out for wives, would be
never choose a femalo who dozes away the pre
cttws morning hours."
Great Shooting at Hodoksn. At a shooting
match which took place at Hoboken a few days
since, Com. Moora. of the Texan navy, made
puple of shots with a rifle, which the True Sun
fcays would be hard to beat in Kentucky or else
here. At four hundred yards distance from the
,aet, he made two shots which were not more
an three-fourths of an inch apart, and neither was
0Ter four inches from the centre of the target.
Let young people remember that their good tern
! f will gain them more esteem and happiness
!!n the genjus and talents of all the bad men that
eristod
From "The Friend."
(Dolman's Reports.
Our intelligent countrymen, Henry. Colman,
who is at this time making the tour of Europe, un
der the auspices of the State of Massachusetts, in
order to obtain, by personal observation, informa
tion upon the present condition of European agri
culture and rural economy, is from time to time
publishing the result of his inquiries in the form
of Reports; two of which have reached this coun
try. In the first, which relates chiefly to the
northern and middle counties of England, alonjr
with much other interesting matter, he gives a
minute account of the condition of the agricultu
ral labourers. It does not present a pleasing pic
ture, yet it is one upon which it is well for an
American to look, that he may more fully under
stand the great advantages enjoyed by the poor in
his own country, under the blessing of a'bountiful
Providence, and how ungrateful is the feeling of
discontent and habit of complaining, so common
among us.
" Next to the farmers come the laborers ; and
the three classes landlords, farmers, and labour-
ers preserve the lines of distinction among them
i
with as much caution and strictness, as they pre
serve the lines and boundaries of their estates. j
These distinctions strike a visiter from the United
States with much force ; but, in England, they
have been so long established are so interwoven
in the texture of society, and men are, by educa
tion and habit, so trained in them, that their pro
priety or expediency is never matter of question.
The nobleman will sometimes, as an act of cour
tesy and kindness, invite his tenant-farmer to his
table ; but such a visit is never expected to be re
turned. The farmer would, under no circumstan
stances, invite the labourer to his table, or visit
him as a friend or neighbour. I do not mean to
imply that there is, on the part of the higher class
es of. society in England, any insolence or arro
gance in the treatment of their inferiors. Free as
my intercourse has been with the highest and the
middle classes, 1 have seen no instance of this.
"The farm labourers are in a very low condi
tion, and extremely ignorant and servile. They
rarely, as with us, live in the house of their em
ployers, but cither in cottages on the farm, or in a
neighboring village. They are, usually, comfort
ably clad, in this respect contrasting most favour
ably with the mechanics and manufacturers in the
cities and large towns : but they are, in general,
very poorly fed. Their wages, compared with
the wages of labor in the United Statesre very
ow. The cash wages paid to them seldom equals
the cash wages paid to labourers with us, and our
labourers, in addition to their wages in money
have their board ; but the English labourers are
obliged to subsist themselves, with an occasional
allowance, in some instances, of beei, in haying
or harvesting. The division of labour among them
is quite particular a ploughman being always i
ploughman, and almost inseparable from his ho
ses; a ditcher, a ditcher; a shepherd, a shepherd
only ; the consequence of this is, that what they
do, they do extremely well. Their ploughing,
sowing, drilling, and ditching or draining, are ex
ecuted with an admirable neatness and exactness;
indeed, the lines of their work could not be more
true and straight than they usually arc, if they
were measured with a marked scale, inch by inch
They speak of ploughing and drilling or ridging
by the inch or the half-inch; and the width of the
furrow slice, or the depth of the furrow, or the dis
tance of the drills from each other, will be found
to correspond, with remarkable precision, to the
measurement designed. But they appear totally
destitute of invention, and have, evidently, little
skill or ingenuity when called upon to apply them
selves to a work different from that to which they
have been accustomed. Their gait is very slow
and they seem, to me, to grow old quite early.
The former circumstance explained itself to me
when I examined and lifted the shoes which they
are accustomed to wear, and which, when, in ad
dition to being well charged with iron, they gather
thfi usual amount ol cbv which adheres to them
in heavy soils, furnish at least some reason why
hke an Alexandrine verse, 'they drag their slow
length along.'
"They are little given to change situations, and
many of them, both men and women, live and die
in the same service. Several instances have come
under my observation, of thirty, thirty-five, and
forty years reputable service ; and many, where
persons, even upon the most limited means, have
brought up large families of children without any
nnrnf.hinl assistance.' But. in this case, they arc
all workers: the children are put to some sort o
service as sopn as they are able to drive the rooks
r-rr thf mr.n. and no drones are suffered in the
W1U www -j
hive. Jl visited one labourer's cottage, to which
was carried by the fanner himself, who was desi
rous of showing me, as he said, one of the best
examples, within his knowledge, of' that condition
of life. The house, though very smajl, was ex
tremely neat and tidy ; the Bible lay upon the shel
without an unbroken cobwebover its covens; Ua
dressers were covered with an unusual quantity
of crockery, sufficient to furnish a table for a large
party a kind of accumulation, which, I was told,
was very common ; and their pardonable vanity
runs in this way, as, in higher conditions of life,
we see the same passion exhibiting itself in the
accumulation of family plate. The man and wo
man were labourers, greatly esteemed for their
good conduct, and had been both of them in the
same service more than forty years. 1 asked them
f, tn the course of that time, they had not been
able to lay by some small store of money to make
them comfortable in their old ace 1 I could not
lave surprised them more hy any question which
could have proposed They replied, that it had
been a constant struggle for them to sustain them
selves, but any surplus was beyond their reach.
cannot help thinking that the condition is a hard
one, in which incessant and faithful labor, for so
many years, will not enable the frugal and indus
trious to make some small provision for the period
of helplessness and decay, in a country where the
accumulations of wealth in some hands, growing
out of this same labour, are enormous.
"The provision for the education of the labour
ers, is, in most parts of Enflland, extremely limit
ed and meagre. There are some national schools,
and there are, in many places, schools established
and supported by the beneficence of the landlords,
for the benefit of the labourers in their own villa
ges, and on their own farms. Sunday schools are
ikewise kept up in all the parishes which 1 have
visited ; and I should be happy, if it were allowed
me, to adorn my page with the names of some no
ble women, who, with a benevolence truly mater
nal take a deep interest in these institutions, and
generously support them, and, better than that,
personally superintend them. The education giv
en is of a very limited character, and does not ex
tend beyond reading, writing, and the elements of
arithmetic, exclusive of religious instruction.
" The common wages of farm labour vary, for
men. irom hve shillings to twelve shiilinss per
week; but I think a fair average would be eight
to nine shillings sterling : so that the monthly wa-
r 1 . , . n t mi ?
ges ioK.a man may oe put aown at 5o oa. mis
s the whole, where labour is paid for in money,
excepting, as a matter of kindness, the farmer gen
erally brings the coals for lus labourer.
" It may be interesting to some of my readers
to have a more particular account of tho wages
and condition of the labourers, and for that reason
I will give some statements of their condition in
that part of the country where wages aro paid in
;ind.
" In tho neighbourhood of Haddington, in East
Lothian. I visited a labourer's cottage, being one
in a range of six cottages, in a district of country
beautifully cultivated and highly improved, and
presenting some of the finest examples of agricul
tural improvement which 1 have ever seen. The
wife, a very tidy and civil woman, about forty
years of age, was at home ; her husband and daugh
ter labouring in the field. This was a very good
specimen of a neat cottage, and its inmates had
passed the greater part of their lives in it. It had
no other floor but the hard ground : and two beds
were fixed in the wall, like sailors' berths on
board ship. The shelves were covered with
crockery ; and a Bible, and a few religious and
other tracts, lay upon the mantel-piece. A cake
made of pea flour and barley flour was baking
over the fire, of which I was asked to eat, but the
taste of which did very little towards quickening
my appetite. There was, besides the one in which
I was, a small room for coal and lumber, where,
m case of great emergency, a lodging might be
made, up. One of her neighbours in the same
block, with no larger accommodations, had eight
children to provide for. Two grown-up daughters,
with one smaller one, occupied one bed; the pa
rents, with one child, occupied the other; the two
grown-up sons slept in the lumberroom or coal
house. There is often much closer lodging than
this The husband of the woman, in whose cot
tage I was, was a ploughman, and likewise a bon
dages a species of service or contract, which re
quires him to furnish a female labourer, at ten
pence per day in ordinary work, and at one shil
ling 24 cents per day in harvest, whenever her
services are required. If he has not a wife or
daughter who will answer this purpose, he must
keep a woman in his house, to be always in read
iness when required. His wages were 72 bush
els oats, 8 bushels peas, and 18 bushels barley,
the keep of a cow, or 5 or JCG in money, and l
for ' lint,' or shirts. He is likewise, allowed 1000
square yards of ground for potatoes, which the far
mer ploughs and manures for him ; but which he
cultivates in extra hours. For the rent of his
house he gives twenty-one days' work-in harvest,
if required ; but should it happen that only twelve
or fourteen are required, it is accepted as an equiv
alent. " For the woman's work he receives a fixed
amount per day. whenever she is employed ; and
for her six months' service in the year, he pays
I her 3. For the other six months he pays her
nothing more than her board and clothes. The
farmer brings his coal for him, which he purcha
ses at a small sum, being small coals, here called
pan-wood. The value of three shillings and six
pence will serve him through seven weeks in win
ter. The farmer's shoes cost ten shillings $2 40,
and one pair will last him eighteen months. His
daughter's working shoes last a year: thi3 is ex
clusive of her Sunday shoes. Their living con
sists of bread made of barley and peas, meal or
oaten porridge and milk, and potatoes ; and they
generally have a pig. They cannot, of course,
lay up any money ; and she added, in her own
pleasant dialect, that 4 the lasses have rauckle sair
work in harvest.' They depend on the sale of
their surplus grain for,what little rr.oney they need.
I will do justice to her mode3t merit, and say, to
the shame of thousands rolling in unstinted luxu
ry, that she spoke of her condition as comfortable,
and expressed strongly and religiously her con
tentment. " In all parts of the country, women are more
or less employed on the farms, and in some parts
in large numbers ; I have frequently counted thir
ty, fifty, and many more in a field at a time, both
in hoeing turnips and in harvesting. I have found
them, likewise, engaged in various other services:
in pulling weeds, in picking stones, in unloading
and treading grain, in tending threshing-machines,
in digging potatoes, and pulling and topping tur
nips, in tending cattle, in leading out dung, and in
carrying limestone and coals. Indeed, there is
hardly any menial service to which they are not
accustomed ; and all notions of their sex seem out
of the question whenever their labour is wanted
or can be applied. The wages of women are
commonly six pence and eight pence, and seldom
exceed ten pence a day, excepting in harvest,
when they are a shilling. The hours for the men
are usually from six to six, with two hours for
meals- The women rarely come before eight, and
quit at six, with an hour for dinner. Many walk
two or three mues to their work, and return at
niflht. Their meals are taken in the fields, and in
the most simple form. The dinner is often no-
thins: more than bread."
A Psalm of TVigbt
DV W. II. BURLEIGH.
Fades from the west the farewell light
Flung back by the setting sun,
And silence deepens as the night
Steals with its solemn shadows on!
Gathers the soft, refreshing dew
On springing grass and flow'rest stems
And lo! the everlasting blue
Is radiant with a thousand gems.
Not only doth the voiceful day
That loving kindness, Lord! proclaim
But night, with its sublime array
Of worlds, doth magnify Thy name !
Yea while adorning seraphim -
Before Thee bend the willing knee,
From every star a choral hymn
Goes up unceasingly to Thee.
Day unto day doth utter speech,
And night to night thy voice makes known
Through nil the earth where thought may reach
Is heard the glad and solemn tone,
And world's beyond the farthest star
Whose light hath reached the human eye,
Catch the high anthem from afar
That rolls along immensity !
O, Holy Father! 'mid the calm
And stillness of the evening hour,
We, too, would lift our solemn psalm
To praise Thy goodness and thy power!
For over us, as over all,
Thy tender mercies shall extend,
Nor vainly shall the contrite call
On thee our Father and our Friend !
Kept by thy goodness through the day.
Thanksgiving to thy name we pour
Night o'er us, with its stars, we pray
Thy lo.ve to guard us evermore !
In grief console in gladness bless
In darkness, guide in sickness, cheer
Till in the Saviour's righteousness,
Before Thy throne our souls appear !
Unsounu Apples. Four children in a single
family, in Ohio, died with malignant scarlet fever,
brought on mainly by their eating freely of rotten
or unsound apples, which were buried and dug up
for winter consumption. Three of the cases were
attacked by vomiting the apples.
In Cleveland, Ohio, a large tumor was recently
cut from a man's neck after he was put into a mes
meric sleep. Ho felt no pain, although the am
putating surgeon was fifteen minutes in operating.
Nitrate of Soda, of excellent quality, is found
on the coast of Africa, in beds fifteen inches in
thickness on the surface of the ground. Like gu
ano, it will no doubt give employment to large
numbers of ships.
The Old Soscr.
The Soldier Loves to Fight his Battles
o er
again, in Song and Story. This thought struck
me when, upon a visit to the battle ground of New
Orleans, which is situate four miles below the ci
ty, I encountered an old negro, who occupied 'a
small shanly iu its immediate neighborhood. I
never looked upon a more deplorable picture of hu
manity than he presented. His face was scarred
and seemed, as it appeared, with manyaabtn
cut one eye and part of his nose were absent
his hands were minus half their complement of
fingers and the use of a crutch satisfied me that
his leg had likewise been mutilated. Now, tho't
I, I shall receive a rich reward for my pilgrimauo
from the city. Many were tho glowing accounts
I had read of the eventful Eighth of January
but now, upon the very field where 'Old Hickory
met m 'learful hght the flower of the British ar
my, and from the lips of one who shared the perils
of the day, was I to receive an unadorned account
of the fearful struggle. With these reflections L
approached his mansion. Before, however, I had
a chance to accost him, the 'war-worn veteran'
saluted me with
4 Ah, massa, how is you.' Juss hole on half
shake, till I git my ole hat, an' I'll be dar.'
He then hobbled into the house, and in a mo
ment, with his hat in his hand, he had returned.
and was at my side, and the following colloquy
was held between us :
Well, ' uncle,' how long have you sojourned
here V
'Do what, sar,' said Ebony, looking confounded.
How long have you sojourned here V
'Dare's been no sojerin' here for some time,.
massa.'
I mean, how long have you lived here V
' Oh why, for de lass thirty year.'
4 Indeed! Then I suppose you were here at tha
time of the battle, and can tell me a great deal
about it.'
'To be sura I ken, massa: gemmen of 'en cum
an' ax me all 'bout it. Does you want to buy
any bulhts sell 'em picayune a piece giniwine
dug up ones, and no mistake. Sum ob da nig
gers down heah hab been undersellin'hvt de but
lils dey sell is spu'rous, and what dey sell for pie
ces ob bom shell is brucl: up dinner pots.1
'Very well, we'll talk of these things anon.
How far does this trench extend back into the
swamp V
Well, I dun know 'zactly, massa; but it's up
wards ob a debble ob a ways 'bout tree miles, I
b'lieve.'
' On which side was the American redoubt V
1 On dis side, massa: whole line ob cotton bags
all along heah. Thar pointing to an old oak is
whar Gineral Jacksing hab his tent.'
' Ah, old fellow! dou't you feel pioud of the glo
rious work you did that day V
' What day, massa?
'The 8th of January 1815.
Well, massa, I didn't work so hard on dat dajr
as I did de day before.'
' What were you doing then?'
' Caitin' coiling bags down from New Orleans!'
4 Ah, but the day, the glorious Eighth, when (be
coming enthusiastic) you received those wounds,
the scars of which remain as enduring monu
ments of your bravery'
' Why, I didn't git dese in Jinerwary. an' it
wasn't heah, nudder.'
4 Where else V
' 'Bout five years ago, 'board a steamboat, when,
she blowed up.'
Where, then, were you on that eventful morn
ing, when the first cannon gave the signal for tha
attack V
Eunnin' like de debble vp to t'own V
A Vagrant's Defence. A fellow taken up as a
vagrant, declared that he was not "a man without
any visible meaqs of subsistence, as he had just
opened a store." It was found on inquiry, that ho
had just opened it with a crow bar in the night,
and unfortunately, the store belonged to another
man.
We once heard of a young lady who said there
were but two things which, in looking back over
pvist life, she regretted; and one of these was,
that she didn't eat more caks when her sister Fanny
was married.
Accommodating Captain.
The Providence Gazette tells a good story about
a militia captain, who, on being sentenced for
some sin of omission, to be deprived of his sword
for one month, referred the court to a jeweller of
whom he hired tho weapon, with the remark that
the court could have it for month on moderate
terms. k &
The New York Evening Mirror saya, a newsboy
was overheard the pther evening telling his com
panion, that he had given up selling papers, and
had gone into the magnetizing business, said h,
" I get, five dollars a week and play possum."