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Tirs whole art ok Government consists in the art op being honest. Jefferson. -
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VOL. 3.
STROXJDSB URG, MONROE COUNTY, PA., WEDNESDAY, MARCH 1, 1843.
No;51.
PRINTED AND PUBLISHED BY
IDSODORE SCIIOCII.
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AT THE OFFICE OF THE
Jcffcrsoziian Republican.
From the Northern Light.
The Schoolhoitsc.
BY ALFRED 1J. STREET.
In a green lane that -from the village -street
Diverges, stands the schoolliouse; long and low
The frame, and blacken'd with the hues of Time.
Around it spreads the green with scatterM trees ;
Fcnc'd fields and orchards stretching, either hand,
And fronting. When the strawberry ripe and red
Is nestling at the toot of the deep grass,
And when the autumn sun has deck'd with gold
And crimson the gnarl'd apple-bough, light paths
Stretch from the play-ground worn by urchin-feet
To the forbidden treasures ; forays sad !
For fingers stain'd or bulging pocket oft
Betrayed what the faint sobbing voice denied.
A picture of soft beauty is the scene
When painted by the sinking summer sun -
In lints of light and shade ; but winter's gloom
Shows nothing but a waste, with one broad track
Stamp'd to the humble door -step from the lane ;
The snow-cappd wood-pile stretching near the
walls ;
And the half sever'd log with axe that leans
Within the gaping notch.
The room displays
Long rows of desk and bench; the former stain'd
And streak'd witli blots and trickles of dried ink,
Lumber'd with maps and slates and well-thumb'd
book3, - i
And caiv'd with rude initials ; whilst the knife
Has hacked and sliced the latler. In the midst
Stands the dread throne whence breathes supreme
command,
And in a lock'd recess well-known, is laid
The dread regalia, gifted with a charm
Potent to the rebellious. When the bell
Tinkles the school hour, inward sti earns the crowd,
And bending -heads proclaim the task commencM.
1'poii his throne with magisterial brow
The teacher sits, round casting frowning looks
As the low giggle and the shuffling foot
Uetray the covert jest, or idleness.
Oft docs he call with deep and pompous voice,..
The ciass before him, and shrill chattering tones
In pert or blundering answers, break the soft
And dreamy hum of study, heretofore
Like beehive sounds prevailing. Now perchance
fcSome luckless urchin stands before the throne,
With features swnln as scarce' to keep the tears,
And shoulders raised, whilst the detected fault
Is forth paraded, and the broken law
learnedly dwelt on : then with staring sight,
Face all awry, and chattering teeth he sees
Tiie sceptre taken slowly from its nook,
A whip with thongs- pursues with blinking gaze
Its upward motion, then, with hideous yell
Telis that the whizzing blow is not in vain.
Kow rising fiom his seat, the teacher strides
Aliiwatt the loom; as treads he past, each dc.sk
Starts into industry while figures grow
I'j n the slate, black spattering pothooks sprawl,
And eyes are glued upon the letters huge
And pictures of the book : as swift he wheels
Tne wandering glance has scarcely time to sink, J
i he queer grimace, and the replying grin
To vanish; each regaining its mute sway
As turns the back upon them. But bright noon
K' w through the casement streams in quivering
naze
A.cJ geshes on the floor: the word is given,
And bursting from the thraldom rush without
The merry throngs, and breaking into groups,
I) ive their loud pastime on the sunny green.
JIa.c flies the ball there shoots the marble now
The racers seek the goal each sinew now
I" straining in the leapwhile heartfelt mirth
fouoes npon the soft and balmy air :
The clouds that float and wrealhe upon the breeze
N'otmore restrainless than those happy hearts.
The glee, blight contrast to the sullen looks
nd lingering steps with which each urchin seeks
$t the sad aummons of the tnorntngbell
The hated porch. Yet is the schoolhouse rude,
As is the coffin to the butterfly,
To the rich flower the seed. The dusky walls
Hold the fairgerme of knowledge, and the tree
Glorious in beauty, golden with its. fruit;
To the low schoolhouse traces back its life;
Orcfjoii Tiie New El Borado.
We derive from a long letier in the Naiional
Intelligencer of yesterday, ihe following at
tractive .sketch of. the territory beyond the
Rocky Mountains, which is now ihe theme of
deltaic in the U. S. Senato :
Wilhin a few years several Americans, of
whom the -writer of this noiice is one, have
crossed the Rocky Mountains lo ihe mouth of
tlie Columbia, with objects entirely unconnect
ed wilh trade or commerce. Mine was the
desire to see a new country, a love of adven
ture for its own sake, and an enthusiastic, fond
ness for natural history.
The nartv with which I travelled left Inde
pendence, Missouri, about the latter part oft
April, 1834, and arrived at the British fort
Vancouver in September, having performed the
whole journey on horse-back. From this time
until October, 1836, with the excepiion of the
first winter, which I passed at the Sandwich
Islands, my residence was in ihe Territory of
Oregon. Dr. McLaughlin, the chief facior
treated me with uniform and singular kindness,
supplying all my wants, and furnishing me
with every facility in the prosecution of my
plans. This is, I believe, the uniform charac
ter of the superintendents of British forts in
lhat country. Travellers, naturalisis, and all
who are not traders, are kindly and most hos
pitably treated, but the moment the visiter is
known to trade a beaver skin from an Indian,
that moment he is ejected from the community.
The Company has a sum of money, amounting
to several hundred thousand pounds sterling,
for the sole purpose of opposing all who may
como lo interfere with its monopoly, by purch
asing at exorbitant prices all the furs in posses
sion of the Indians, and thus forcing the settler
to come to terms, or driving him from the coun
try. If it be an individual who is thus starved
into submission, he then usually clears a piece
of land on the Wullammei river, fakes an Indian
wife, and purchases furs of the natives, which,
by previous contract, he is bound to sell to the
Company, at an advance which is fixed by ihe
Governor.
Fort Vancouver, the principal trading post of
the Oregon, stands on ihe north bank of the
river, about ninety miles from its mouth. The
fort consists of several dwellings, store-houses,
work-shops, &c.; all of frame, arranged in a
quadrangular form, and surrounded bv a stock
ade of pine log, about twenty feel in height.
The fort has no bastions, and contains no arm
ament. There are, to be sure, four great guns
frowning in front of the- Governor's mansion,
two lung eighteeus, and two nine-pounders, but
iwu of ihese have long been spiked, and the
others unfit for service.
The rainy season commences here about the
middle of October, and continues until ihe
first of April. During this period, the weather
is almost uniformly dull, foggy, or rainy. Some
times rain falls incessantly for the space of
two or three weeks. Occasionally, during the
winter months there will be a slight fall of
snow, and in the winter of 1835 and 6, the
river was" frozen over. This intensity of cold,
however, continued but a few days, and was
said to be very unusual. The general range of
the thermometer ( Fahrenheit's ) during that
season was from 36 deg. to 48 deg., but for
ihree or four days the mercury waa as low as
25 deg.
Iji ihe vicinity of Port Vancouver the, cattle
graze-during the whole winter ; no ..stabling or
stall-feeding is ever requisite, as thecxionsive
plains produce the finest and most abundant
crops of excellent prairiG grass.
In choosing a site for settlement on the main
river, it is always necessary. to bear in mind
ih periodical inundations. l'tt Ynncouier
itsell, though built upon a high piece of laud,
at the distance of six hundred yards from the
common rise of the tides, is sometimes almost
reached bv ihe freshets in early spring. The J
oil hero on hoth sides of the river is a rich
black loam, ihe bane being basaltic rock.
The' fa Co of the country from Fort George
(Astoria) to Vancouver a distance of eighty
miles is verv much of a uniform character,
consisting of alluvial meadows along the river
banks, alternating with forests of pine, oak, &c,
while behind are extensive plain, some of
which receive estuaries of the river, while
others are watered by lakes or ponds. The
pine forests are very extensive, the trees being
of great size, and ihe .timber extraordinarily
beautiful. All the timber of the genus pinus,
of which there are a great number of species,
is gigantic. I. measured, with Dr. G'airdnar,
surgeon of ihe fort, a pine of ihe species
Douglass, which had been prostrated by the
wind, lis height was above two hundred feel,
and its circumference forty-five feet! Large
as was this specimen, its dimensions are much
exceeded by oo measured by the late David;
Douglas. The height of ihe tree was nearly
three hundred feet, andiut circumference thirty
six feet ! The cones sf this pine according to
Mr. Douglass, were from twelve io fifteen inch
es in length, resembling in size and form sugar
loaves. Oalc limber of various kinds, is abun
dant along the river, as well as the huttonwood,
balsam poplar, ash, sweet gum, beach, and
many other useful kinds, but no hickory or
walnut.
The Governor of Fort Vancouver, who is an
active agriculturalist, has exerted himself for
several years in" raising whatever appears
adapted to the soil. Wheat, rye, barley, peas,
culinary regetahles of all kinds are raised in
ample quantity.
Fruits of various kinds, apples, peacheB,
plums., &c, do remarkably well. I remember
being particularly struck, upon my arrival ai
Vancouver in the autumn, wilh the display of
apples in the garden of ihe fort. The trees
were crowded with fruit, so .that every limb
required to be sustained by a prop. The ap
ples were literally packed along the branches,
and so closely thai 1 compared ihem lo nothing
more aptly than lo ropes of onions.
In ihe vicinity of Walla-Walla, or Ney
Perces Fort, the country, in every condiiion
fur-many mile's, exhibits an arid and cheerless
prospect. The soil is deep sand, and ihe plain
upon which the fort s lands, produces nothing
but hushes of dry aromatic wormwood. Along
the borders of the small streams, however, the
soil is exceedingly rich and productive and on
these strips of land the superintendent raises
his corn, and ihe vegetables necessary for the
consumption of his pedple.
The prong-horned antelope Occasionally
ranges these plains; the black tailed or mule
deer is found in the viciuitv ; grbuse of several
species are very abundant, and the large prairie
hare is common. In the autumn and winter,
in ihe vicinity of Fort Vancouver, ducks,
geese-, and swans swarm in immense numbers.
These are killed by the Indians and taken to
the fort as articles of trade. For a single
duck, one load of powder and shot is given ;
for a goose, two ; and for a swan four loads.
For a deer, ten loads of ammunition or a boiile
of rum is the Usual price.
Early in May ihe salmon are first seen en
tering the river, and ihe Columbia and jx its
tributaiies teem wilh these delicious fish. The
Indians take great numbers by various modes
subsisting almost wholly upon ihem during
their stay, and drying and packing them away
in thatched huts to be used for winter store.
The salmon also forms a chief article of food
for the inmates of the fort, and hundreds of
casks are salted down every season.
About twenty miles above this, in the Wal
lammet valley, is the spot chosen by ihe Meth
odist missionaries for their- settlement, and
here also a considerable number of the retired
servants of the company have established
themselves. The soil of thisdelightful valley
is rich beyond comparison, and the climate
considerable milder than that of Vancouver.
Rain rarely falls, even in the winter season,
but the dews are sufficiently heavy to compen
sate for its absence. The epidemic of ihe
country, ague and feVer is rarely known here.
In short, ihe Wallammet valley is a terrestrial
paradisBj to which I hare known some exhibit
so strong an attachment as lo declare that,
notwithstanding the few privations which ne
cessarily are experienced by the settlers of a
new country, no considerations ever induce
them lo return to their former homes.
J. K. T.
Washington, Jan. 20, 1843.
Property Exempt from JjCYJ in Pean
sylvania.
The Act of June 16, 1S3G, exempts ihe fol
lowing ariicles from levy or sale on execution:
Household utensils, not exceeding in value thir
ty dollar; the necessary tools of a tradesman,
not nxceedina in value thirty dollars; all wear
ingapparel of the defendent and his family: four
beds and the necessary bedding? a spinning
wheel and reel; a siove with the pipe of the
same, and necessary fuel for three months; one
cow, two hogi, also six sheep, with the wool
thereof, or iheyarn or cloih manufactured ihero
from, and feed sufficient for the said cow, hogs
and sheep, from tbe'first day of November, until
ihe last day of May; any quantity of meat not
exceeding two hundred pounds, twenty bushels
of potatoes, ten bushels of grain, or the meal
made therefrom; any quantity of flax not excee
ding ten pound.-, or ihe thread of linen made
therefrom; all bibles or school books in the use
of the family. - 1
Sptsuit.
The members of the Legislature of Arkan
sas, recently passed a bill to pay themselves
in specie for iheir services, but Governor Yell
very properly and promptly put the executive
veto upon it. The members of ihe Legislature
on the return of the bill to ihem, passed it by
the constitutional majority.
It's a poor ruh that won't wottbpih ways,'
as ihe scholar said, when heseul it back at his'
musler'a head. ,-, ,
Sale oS the Slate Works.
As the subject of the sale of the public
works is now occupying a considerable space
in the public mind, it may not be amiss to Jay
before ihe community a statement of ihe cost
of their construction, ihe revenues derived from
them, and the expenditures made. In ihe fol
lowing statement, ihe cost embraces the origi
nal construction, such as work done, repairs
before completion,. damages, engineering, &c.,
and the new Work up totho first of November,
1840. The revenue is made up of canal and
railrosd tolls. The expenditures consists of
repairs, ordinary, and extraordinary, saluries
of agents, motive power, locomotives, ropes,
&c: in short, all expenses attendant upon the
operation of the works. The revenue and ex
penditures extend from the first of November
1829,10 the 31st of October IS 10. It is taken
from a statement prepared- Jasl year by the
bookkeeper in the Auditor General's office.
The Eastern Division of the Pennsylvania
Canal, extending from Columbia to Duncan's
Island, 43 miles, cost $1,734,958 CI. The re
venue derived from the same has been SI ,047,
826 08. The expenditures thereon, $422,805
20. The Juniata division, from Duncan's Is
land to Hollidaysburg, 130 miles, cost $3,437,
334 99. Revenue, $491,104 91. Expendi
tures, $592,180 49. The Western division,
from Johnstown lo Pittsburgh, 105 miles, eost
$2,9G4,882 07. Revenue, S8S7;013 65. Ex
penditures, $889,834 4G. The Delaware di
vision, from Bristol to Easton, 60 miles, cost
$1,374,774 42. Revenue, $580,515 01. Ex
penditures, $638,831 11. The Susquehanna
division, from Duncan's Island to Northumber
land, 39 miles, cost $867,874 37. Revenue,
$141,730 05. Expenditures, 8314,253 69.
The Nonh Branch division, from Northumber
land to Lackawanna, 73 miles, cost $lt491,
894 67. Revenue, 863,559 02. Expenditures,
390,624 11. Tlie West Branch division,
fiom Northumberland to Dansbury,72 miles,
cost $1,708,579 82. Revenue, $60,859 95.
Expenditures, S333.738 36. The French
Creek division from Franklin to Coneaut Lake,
45 miles, cost 784,754 61. Revenue, $4,
707 42! Expenditures, $133,979 26. The
Beaver division, from Beaver 10 Newcastle, 25
miles, cost $522,258 98. Revenue, 10,924.
Expenditures, 139,082 21. The Columbia
and Philadelphia Railroad, from Columbia lo
Philadelphia, 82 miles, cost $3,9S3,302 05.
Revenue, $2,030,339 70. Expenditures, $1,
883,998 15. The Alleghany Portage Railway
from Hollidaysburg lo Johnstown, 36 miles,
cost $1,783,176 45. Revenue, $856,985. Ex
penditures, $954,879 76. Making ihe whole
cosi of construction $20,053,791 64. Total
revenue received, $6,181,624 81. Expendi
tures, $6,64,206 80. Mercury.
Inoculation with the venom oS
Rattle Snakes.
In the work called " Life in Mexico," recent
ly published, the fair author gives the following
extraordinary accounts :
" We have just been hearing a curious cir
cumstance connected with poisonous reptiles,
which I have heard for the first time. Here,
and all along the coasi, the people are in the
habit of inoculating themselves wilh the poison
of the rattlesnake, which renders ihem safe
from ihe bile of all venemous animals.
"The person to be inoculated is pricked wilh
ihe tooth of the serpent, on the tongue, in both
arms, and on various parts of ihe body, and the
venom introduced into the wounds. An eruption
comes out, which lasts a few days. Ever af
ter, these persons can handle the most venom
ous snakes wiih impunity ; can make then
come by calling ihem, have great pleasure in
fondling ihem, and the bite of these persons is
poisonous ! You will not believe this, but we
have the testimony of seven or eight respecta
ble merchants lo the fact. A gentleman who
breakfasted here this morning, says he has
been vainly endeavoring to make up his mind
lo submil lo the operation, as he is very much
exposed where he lives, and obliged to travel a
great deal on the coast ; and when he goes oh
these expeditions, he is always accompanied
by his servant, an inoculated free negro, who
has the power of curing'him, should he be bit,
by sucking the poison from the wound. He
also saw this negro cure the bite given by an
inoculated Indian boy to a white boy, with
whom he was fighting, and who was the stron
ger of the two. The stories of the Eastern
jugglers, and their power over these reptiles,
may be, perhaps, accounted lor in this way. 1
cannot say that 1 should like to have so much
snaky nature transferred into my composition,
nor live amongst people whose bite is venom
ous." The difference between a republic and a
monarchy is thus noinled out bv somebody:
'Pile all the people inio a pyramid, with ihe
President lor an apex, and you nave ine symuoi
of a republic. You can shake the president,
but you can'l move ihe united force of the peo
ple. Invert ihe pyramid, with a king for ils
base, and you have the symbol of a monarchy.
Trip up the king, and the whole structure falU
in confusion.
OHMfliiHS the Poor.-
We have pretty, auihenuc information, sav
the N. O. Crescent that the " Commute e iipon
the. necessity of Grinding the Poor," have beea
in secret session for sereral nights past. The
grindstones hare been made 10 order, out of a
" composition' as follows : 30 parts aunlgam,
made of flint stones, ground miser's hearU
and constables' juil keys; 10 parts grUtle .ami
ostrich's stomach 5 9 pans razors ; 1 pari hanl
soap 20 do. alligator teeth ; 20 do. courfj
rasps ; 1U 110. puny. Uumposea oiu.;ii 11
gredients the srindalone has worked jtmtUrahiv
well, and woe 10 him whose face is otas lcaiVa i
a. flour barrel, and as lank as tin- side feaille
of a pair of bellows. 4 '
s
Onions imbedded in ihe earth near the roots
of flowers, increase their fragrance veryifjier
cfcptibly., ,
An exchange paper lells the following humor
ous story of a missionary lady who gui permis
sion through an interpreter to preach to the Oy
age Indians:
The chiefs and the assembled multitude
ing ihe woman's Malk' of three hour? were fill
attention; but at the conclusion of the serinon,
the principal man of ihe tribe, rising "from; 'lift
seat wiih the red man's dignity, said : Stjnam
Very good preach; better go home and mind
papoose ! Ugh V " '
- 4
Scene in an Ohio Couri.
The Judge is supported on the rightrandon
the left by his associates, and an old lady .,4
called up 10 give evidence; f-f
Presiding Judge- Take off your bonnet,
madam.
Lady I would rather not sir.
P. J. I desire you to put off your bonne),
madam.
L. I am informed lhat in public assem
blies the women should cover the head.--Such
is the custom and of course, I will not
take off my bonnet.
P. J. Why, you are a pretty woman in
deed ; I think you had better come andMake'a
seat on the bench.
L. I thank you kindly, sir : but I really
ihink there aie old women enough there alrea
dy. Cm. Republican.
School Boem.
'Geography class, come up; Ephraim, how is
the State of Maine shunted!'
Tts bounded on the north by Kenneobscott, on
the north east by the Boundaiy Question, on the
east by Scovy Notia, on the south by the Chinese
wall, and on the west by the Missapissy river.'
'Very good; describe the soil and climate.'
'It's climate is very salubrious, and the soil lu
gubrious; producing immense swarms of herpa
cious animals called gallyniggers. They are about
the size of daddy's windmill, with pudding tails,
fence rail legs, and kin bite through a file;they
infest the forest in herds, frequently destroying
vegetation for whole miles around, and they are
taken in steel traps by the natives for the purpose
of immegration.'
'For what is ibis State celebrated!' .
'It is famous for flat head babies and pretty gals,
who go to meetin' to practice animal magnetism.
It is also the birth-placo of Mazeby the Moor of
Venice.'
Elegant what are its productions?'
Flour barrels, bean puddings, codfish and cot
ton pods, also tenpenny nails, sheet-iron coddirigs
and. red flanning sassingers.'
Excellent; take your seat you'll soon be &
Congressman.'
An English paper says that a short time-slnce,
at Gedney, a widow woman with four children,
and other incumbrances, actually walked to church
with no other covering than a sheet, and was thus
married, under the common but most erroneous
notion that the husband would escape all respon
sibility for her dobts.
What Next! The members of the Roger Wil
Hams Church, Providence, R. I., recently passed
the following resolution, almost unanimously, after
debating it six nights. We hope it will not do
great mischief:
"Resolved, That war, arms bearing, learning
the art of war, and the intentional taking of human
life in any case or under any circumstances 'are
each and all contrary to the Gospel'."
Wounded Affections.
A6 ihe dove will clasp its wings 10 its side,
and cover and conceal the arrow lhat is prey
ing on its vitals so it is the. nature of woman
lo hide from the world ihe pangs of wounded
affection. Wilh her ibo desire of tho heart
has failed the great charm of existence's at
an end. She neglects all the cheerful exqreise
that gladdens tho spirits, quickens tho pulses,
and sends the tide of life in healthful currents
through tho veins. Her rest is broken, tho
sweet refreshment of sleep is poisoned by me
lancholy dreams" dry sorrow drinks her
blood," until her enfeebled frame sinks under
tho last eternal assailment. Look for her, after a
little while, and you find friendship weeping
over her untimely grave, and -wondering lhat
one, who but lately glowed wiih all the radi
ance of health and beauty, should now be
brought down to " darkness and the worm."
You will be told of some wintry chill, soma
slight indisposition, that laid her low but no
one. knows the mental malady thai previously
sapped her strength, and made her so easy a
prey lo the spoiler.
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