AA' - 4 ri $ ....
, t , . , . . J III, I MWWnBl,W IMWM .MMR'XMM
Richard ffugent, Editor
The, vhole art ok Government consists in the art of being honest. Jefferson.
., I j u . . (and Publisher
'ii
VOL. I.
STROUDSBTJRG.. MONROE COUNTY, PA, FRIDAY, FEBRUARY 5, 1841.
No 52.
JEFFERSON IAN ll PUBLICAN.-.
tpumq Ttrrt elollnrs ner&nnumm advance Two dollars
and a quarter, half yearly, and if not paid before the end of
trie year, Tivo uouars auu i nan. x husc no receive meir pa
pers by a carrier or stage drivers employed by the proprietor
will be charged 37 1-2 cts. per year, extra.
No papers dissontinued until all arrearages are paid, except
at the option of the Editor.
rr7Aif crtiseinents not exceeding one square (sixteen lines)
llli be inserted three weeks for one dollar : twenty-five cents
for cverv subsequent insertion ; larger ones in proportion. A
iibenl discount will be made to yearlv advertisers.
ID-Alt letters addressed to the Editor must be post paid.
JOB PRINTING.
Having a general assortment of large elegant plain and orna
mental Type, we are prepared to execute every des
cription of
2t
Cards, Circulars, Bill Heads,' Wotes,
Blank Receipts,
JUSTICES, LEGAL AND OTHER
BlrANKS,
PAMPHLETS, &c.
printed with neatness and despatch, on reasonable terms. 4
Historical Rotes?
Continued from our last.)
Other causes prevented a general treaty be
fore Jtine 1742. when upwards of 230 Indians
of different, tribes assembled at Philadelphia
from the subjoined message, of Governor Thom
as to the Legislature, ii appears, that he was
greatly embarrassed by so large a number.
V The. several accounts for the entertainment
of the Indians lately here, having been com
mitted to the examination of some of the mem
bers of Council, 1 have now ordered them, to
be laid before you. Some of the chiefs and
others of ihe Six Nations, not to exceed 50, on
the whole, were invited down, by the Proprie
taries, to receive a considerable quantity of
goods in payment for lands purchased of them
but the wants of these people were so pres
sing, thai they very much exceeded that num
ber, in hopes of obtaining relief from us, their
.friends and allies, and as they are of great au
thority and held in great esteem, amongst ail
our neighbouring Indians, they were joined by
some of the Shawnees, Delawares, Conesiogot:s
and Conoys to the number of about 230 in all.
Under this unexpected circumstance, 1 direct
ed that as many members of your House as
could be met with, should be consulted as well
concerning their entertainment, as the making
them a present on behalf of the Province on
their departure which as they readily agreed
to, 1 suppose ft will appear to the whole, and
Jikewise to have been for the reputaiion and
interest of the public, and more especially,
when it shall be observed from the'treaty had
with them, that the Proprietaries business was
hut a very small part of what was transacted,
and that their coming down was not only ne
cessary for the present peace ol the Province,
in regard to some Indians, who had threatened
xo maintain by force, their possession of lands,
which had been long ago purchased of them
and since conveyed by the Proprietaries, to
some of our own inhabitants: but for its future
security likewise, in case of a rupture, with the
French, who will leave no method unessayed,
to corrupt their fidelity, and to persuade thetn
to turn arms against us." The House voted
j300 for presents, and agreed to defray one
half the expenses of entertaining the Indians-
even at this early day, fears were expressed of
the influence of the French, and not without
reason. A letter from James Logan to Thomas
Perm dated July 10th, -savs: "This is the tenth
and last day of my attendance on a treaty with
the chiefs of the Six Nations, who with the
Delawares between 20 and 30, in number, and
8'or 10 Shawneese made up 188 persons, with
their women and children, when on the 29th of
Jast tnouth,they came to my house, where they
- were entertained, till the next aftertoruoon, and
fhen coming hither were joined by 40 more
from tlie Cones-toga, with the Gapawose, and
woon after bv Nutimus and his company from
the Minisinks. This treaty will cost me .20
-out of pocket; and which I shall not charge a
penny to any.
July 9th. From 4ho "minutes of the Council
we find that Governor, Thomas spoke as fol
lows: " Brothers The last time the chiefs of
the Six Nations were here, they were informed
that your Cousins, a branch of the Delawares,
gave this-province' some disturbance about the
lauds the Proprietaries purchased from them,
and for which their ancestors had received a
valuable consideration 55 years ago, as appears
by a deed now Iving on the table. Some time
after ibis, Conrad Weiser delivered to your
Brother Thomas Penn your letter, wherein you
request of him and James Lortn, that they
would not buy land of the Delawares. This
lias been shown to them and' interpreted not
withstanding which, they have continued their
former disturbances, and have had the indo
lence to write letters to some of the magistrates
of this government, wherein they have abused
your good Brothers, our worthy Proprietaries,
and treated them, with tho utmost rudeness and
names. Being loth from our regard to you,
to punish (hem, as they deserve, I sent two"
messengers to inform them, that you were ex
pected here,-and should .bo. acquainted, Avjlh;
?hoir behaviour asyou'on such occasions ap-i
ply to us, to remove all. white; people, that are
settled on lands, before they arq purchased from
you, and we dp our endeavors to drive such
people, off. We now expect from you, that you
wijl cause theso Indians to remove from the,
lands on the Forks of Delaware, and not give
any further, disturbance to .the persons, who arei
now in possession."
TheiMvere read the several conveyances, the
paragraph of the letter wrote by the chiefs. of
the Six Nations relating to the .Delawares, the
letter of the Fork Indians to the Governor and
Mr. Langhorne, and a draught of the land, and
then delivered to Conrad Weiser, who was de
sired to interpret them to the Chiefs, when they
should .take this affair into consideration .
Among those present, were Sassoonan and
Delawares, Nutimus and the Fork Indians.
Pisquetoman, Cornelius Spring and .Nicholas
Scull, Interpreters to the Fork Indians. July
12th,. Cannassatego the principal chief of the
Six. Nations then rose, and delivered the fol
lowing speech.,
v '? Broth ers-The Governor and Council. The
other day.you informed us of the misbehaviour
ofour cousins the Delawares, with-respect to
their continuing to claim and refusing to remove
from some land on the river Delaware, notwith-
tandingjtheir ancestors had sold it;, by -a-deed
under their hands and seals, for a valuable con
sideration upwards of 50 years ago, and not
withstanding that they themselves have a few
years since, after a long;and full examination,
ratified that deed of their ancestors, and given
a fresh one, under their hands and seals and
then you requested us to remove them, inforc
ing' your request with a string of Wamjium.
Afterwards you laid on. the table our own letter
by Conrad Weiser, some ofour cousins letters
and the several writings to prove the charge
against our cousin s, wilh a draught ot the land
in dispute. We now tell you, we have perused
all these several letters. We see with our own
eves, that thev have been a verv unrulv neo-
. j j i
pie, anu are altogether in tne wrong in tnetr
dealings with you. We have concluded to re
move them, and oblige them to go over the
river Delaware, and quit all claims to any land
on this side, for the future, since, they have re
ceived pay for them, and it is gone through
their guts long ago. To confirm to you, that
we will see your re'quest execittefl, we lay down
this string of Wampum in return for yours."
Then turning to the Delawares he sard:
"You deserve to be taken bythe hair of the
head, and shaked severely, till you recover your
senses, and become sober. I have seen with
my eyes, a deed signed by 9 of your ancestors
above 50 years ago for this very land, and a re
lease signed not many years since by some of
yourselves and Chiefs yet living, to ihe number
of 15 and upwards. But how came you to take
upon you. to sell lands at all? We conquered
you; we made women of you: you know you
are women, and can no more sell land than wo
men; nor is it fit you should have the. power of
selling lands, since you would abuse it. This
land that you claim is gone thro' your guts ;
you have been furnished wilr clothes, meal and
drink by the Goods paid you for it, and now
you want it again like children as you are. But
what makes you sell lands in the dark? Did
you ever tell us' that you had sold this land ?
Did we ever receive any part, even the value
of a pipe-shank, from you for it? You have
told us a blind story, that you sent a mesenger
to us, to inform us of the sale, but lie never
came amongst us, nor have we ever heard any
thing about it. This is acting in the dark and
very different from the conduct our Six Nations
observe in the sales of the Land. Oh such oc
casions they give public notice, and invite all
the Indians of thtir united nations, and give
them all share of the present they receive for
their lands. This js the behaviour of the wise
united nations. But we find you are none of.
our blood; you act a dishonest part not only in
this but in other matters; your cars are ever
open to slanderous reports about your brethren'.
For all these reasons we charge you to remove
instantly; we don't give you the liberty to-think
about it. You are women. Take the advice
ofa wise man, and remove immediately. You
may return to the other side of Delaware where
you came from; but we do not know whether,
considering how .you have demeaned yourselves,
you will be permitted to live there, or Vhether
you have not swallowed that down vour throats
as well as the land on this side. : We thcreforej
assign you two places to go, either to Wyoming
or Shamokin. You may gq to either of these
places, and then we shall have you moreunderour
eye, and sec, Tio'w you behave. Don't deliber
ate, but remove away, and take this bolt of
Wampum.'
. After this he forbade them ever to intermed
dle in land affairs, or ever Hereafter lo presume
to sell any land, and jhen commanded them,
as he had something to transact witji t)ie fing
lish, immediately to depart the Council. This
peremptory command the Delawares did not
dare to disbb'oy. "They therefore immediately
left the' Councilr and soon after removed from
tho Minisinks and the Forks; some to Shamo
kin and Wyoming, and some tonbe Ohio. But
though they did not then dare to dispute the or
der, yot, vhorrlhrrpresenttroubIe8 began, arid
they found the'French ready to. support 'thetn,
they shewed this province, -and especially the'i
whites who settled on lands (now in .Northamp
ton and Monroe counties.) of which they, re
garded themselves as the rightful owners, how
they resented the treatment they met with from
the Proprietaries and the Six Nations. They
took a;.sev,ere!revenge,-by laying waste the, fron
tiers, and pajd so little regard to a menacing
message which the. Six Nations sent them, that
they in their turn threatened to turn their arms
against them, and at last, forced them to ac
knowledge they were men, that is,, a. free inde
pendent nation.; We see above, that great stress
is Jaid on a deed, said to bo granted above 55
years ago. This is-said to bo tjie deed of 1686.
Yet, though it is mentioned here, as lying on
the table; nay, though .Cannassatego- says, that
he had seen it with bis own, eyes, yet it is doubt
ed whether there really was such a deed if so,
the question may be asked, why was .it not re
corded as well as the release of ,1737 answer
ing thereto? It does no: appear, that Sassoonan
the Delaware chief with whom the treaty of X 728
was made, and Nutimus, pjie of those' who. had
signed the above release, were admitted, to make
any defence, or to say any thjng. in thoir own
vindication. Had there been any design, to do
justice to the Delawares, or to preserve the
friendship of those, who, from theetirliest set
tlement of the country, had been kind .neigh
bours and friends, they would have beqnad.mil
,tcd to speak ;for .themselves, and to offer, what
reasons, they had, for refusing to quit the la,n.d.s.
But then this might have discovered the unfair
ness of the "Walk-,') and other unfair, advantages
taken, and might have brought back the boun
daries to the Lehigh (.hills, the place, agreed
upon in the deed of 1718 and, the treaty of 1728,
and so well known hy the commissioners of the
Penns. as appeals' from Mr. Logan's , letter al
ready quoted, and from the purchase, .which the
same gentleman and company made from ihe
Indians about 1729 of the Durham tract., Jn
t$s case il might then have cost the Proprieta
ries three or four hundred; pounds more to pur
chaseie lands in the Forks and Minisinks, ( if
the Indians there had been willing to dispose
of them; or, had the Indians refused tjiat, it might
have been difiicult to. remove the people settled
there, and to reimburse them, the money thev
Jiad paid thp Penns for the jands they had there
taken up; besides Mr. Allen and other, private
persons, w.ere making very large estates, by
getting, the gppd lands there surveyed to thetn
by virtue, of old rights, which they had bought
up. For these, and other reasons, it was judged
best to call in the assistance of the Six Nations,
to put them in mind, as had been done before,
of the use they plight make, of having conquer
ed the Delawares, and of the right they thereby
acquired to their lands. As we have seen, by
.these, means the removal of the poor Delawares
was thus, summarily effected.
(to be continued.)
' Printers9 Gratuities.
No class of mechanics, perhaps, sufFqr more
from the predatory and begging habitsJof indi
viduals than printers. They work so hard, in
vest so much, and furnish their papers so low,
that people really seem to think they actually
are worth nothing but to be given away, or ta
ken without leave Accordingly, nothing., is
more, common than for people, who have the
curiosity to read something that happens to.be
i particularly interesting,, or who wish send a
paper to a Jnend as a token ol remembrance,
to run into a printing office, and ask for, or take
a paper jus; from the press: and if the primer
should, think of taxing him anything, for it, the
customer would., jlunic himself quite insulted
by the niggardliness of the printer! With
what otlier mechanics or busjness-trjc.n would
people think of taking the same liberties? Go
into a grocery . and ask the retailer to give you
a four-pcnce-ha-ponny.'s worth of tea, . coffee, or
sugar, and unless vou were reallv an obinct
of charity-7-he would probably think himself
imposeo upon, ur a visit to, a, oooK-stpre and
make off viti half p. dozen she.e.ts of, .writing
paporj, and most likejy the proprietor will.pursue
his customer :with a writ. for petit larceny. Go
into a joiner',s shpp and ask htm to give you
six cents worth of "his, wares, and, you would
feel, as if you were 'ijgaged U a. clieap busi
ness. And yet people wjll enter a printing of
fice, and lake six cents worth of, a print's la
bor and really tlifnk it one qf(lhal sort of Uijngs
yhich should pegj yen away because c paper
is printed. A clean white sheqt he would
think too vahiah$"to abstract without pay, and
yet it costs a-pfin.ujr twenty-five dollars every
week to set up the ,type? that are impressed
upon ihe shoot tlia.t.makes it worthless. Tsq
no this is not the way to dd . business. If yob
want a paper ;and will not subscribe for it as
in jiuuoraoie rnqn ao just, step uuo ine oincp
and laying down a, stiver bit say, "Sir, if you
please, ct me have one of yqur papers and. take
that t"n pay for it." ' You wilj b.e readily accom-,
niodated, and then be seated, (not looking over
tjie shoulders of. the compositor Jo read. .his man
uscript,) or retire ar.d read your, own paper
like a mano.f goojl conscience and honorable
principlesfr-ilfflme Cultivator. - . : '$
TCh'e Remains oi Itfapoleoh.
' Of the removal of the great Emperor's body
from its grave in St. Helena, on board the frig
ate Belle Poiile, additional particulars of inter
est.are. given in the subjoined report of Count
Rohan.. Chahot and Captain Alexander, , the
French and Engjish .Commissioners appointed
to superintend the .exbumination.
After mentioning the persons who entered
Within the enclosure the report proceeds( as fol
lows;, , . , . ,
"We. first removed the (iron railing that sur
rounded the tomb, together with ihe strong lay
ers of stone on which it was fixed; and the cov
ering of tre.. tomb' 11 feet 6 inches by 8 feet 1
inch composed of three slabs, set i a second
etfging of masonry was then removed. . This
was. done by half past one.. We then found a
rectangular wall forming tho four sides of thp
vault 11 feet deep, and 8. feet by 4 feet 8 inches
in tho area. This vault was filled with earth to
I within 6 inches of the top. After having dug
into this earth for 6 feet 10 inches, we lounu a
layer of Roman cement adhering firmly alhover
the surface, and hermetically fastened to the
sides of the. yyaljs. . By three o'clock this jayer
having been'completely laid bare, the commis
sioners, descended imn the tomb, and verified
j that it was perfectly intact and without any in-
airy in any pa"rt.
IChe layer-of cement having been cut'thro.ugh,
it was found to contain another layer, 10'inehes
thick, in blocks of stone fastened together wilh
ii;on stancheons, which we were not able to get
'removed until after four hours, and a half-work.
Tjie .extreme difficulty of this operation decided
Uhe, English Commissioners on-cutjiuga trench
on; the left of ihewall, in order tp arrive at the
coffin, in case ofathe upper Jayelr offeringVtoo
strong.a, resistance, for further efforts, which
were made simultaneously, to pierce through .it.
B.ut the layer having been eniirely removed by
about eight o'clock, the works of the lateral were
abandoned. . immediately under the layer thus
demolished we found a strong slab 6 feet 7 1-2
inches, long, 3 feet wide and 5 inches thick,
forming the covering of the interior sarcopha
Lgus containing the coffin. . .This slab, perfectly
'i lit i . r 1.1- I..
sonnu was surrouncieu oy an euging oi oioch.i
of sione, .and .Roman cement strongly fasiened
to the i wall, of the vault. , This jast piece of ma
sonry hav.ipg been carefully removed, and two
bolls .haying been fixed on the slabeyery thing
.was ready by half past nine for opening the sar
cophagus. . Dr. Gujllard then purified the jomb
by sprinkling chlorate of lime about it, and the
slab by order of the English commissioners,
was raised by means of a crane and lodged on
the edge of the tomb.
As soon as the coffin was visihle, all present
uncovered t heir heads, and the Abbe Coquereau
sprinkled holy water and recited the' De Pro
fundis. The commissioners then descended to
inspect the coffin, which they found well pre
served, but a small portion of the lower part,
Avhich although it was on a .strong slab that
rested on blocks of stone, was slightly decayed.
Some saniiarv precaution having been again ta
ken by the Surgeon, an express was senu off
to his excellency the governor to inform him of
the progress of the operation and the coffin was
drawn up by hooks and cords, and carefully
transporied beneath a tent raised for its recep
tion. At this moment the almoner received the
body according to the rites of the Catholic!
Church. The commissioners then inspected
the sarcophagus which was'ceriified to be irr a
proper state of preservation, and entirely con
formable to the official descriptions of tho burial.
Toward 11. the French 'commissioner' had as
sured himself that his excellency 'the-governor
had authorized the .opening' of th'e'Cotfin. Con
formably to the arrangements made, we removed
with precaution tlie first coffin iti whicb we found
a coffin in lead in good preservation which we
placed in that which had been sent from France.
His excellency tho governor, accompanied
Txy his staff, Lieutenant Middleniore, his aid-decamp,-
and secretary, and Gapt. -Barnes; 'Major
of theplace, entered the tent to be present at
the.openiug. of the inner coffins. ! '
The tipper part 'of the 'leaden coffin was then
cut afid-raised with the greatest precaution;
'within It was found a coffin uf wood in a verv
good state, and corresponding to 'the' descrip
tions' and recollections "of the persons, present
who had assisted at the burial. 1 he lid ol the
ihtrd'cofiih having also been raised, tbejc was
lounu a lining oi un siiguuy oxouvseq, wmcu
having also been cut
nit through 'and raised', allow-
edms to see a sheel of; white salin; this sheet
was raised with the greatest. precaution by the
hands of the doctor onhv and ihe entire body of
Napoleon appeared. The features vu suffer
ed so liule as to be immediately recognized.
Tho different objects deposited in ihe coffin
vf Piii11 Mi1- exact Poiti9nivIier9 the v
liall been placed;,, the.' hands, 'wore singularly
body remained exposed to the "air ' for only, at
most, the two niinuteieecSsaVy for the surgeon
to take measure prescribed by'Bis ihstrUcti6'ns
in oruer to preserve u irum uu uuuinr auermiu.u.
The1 report concludes witfVan accdimfof tne
funefaPprocessidh to Jamestown wliich (Iocs
wen presorveu; tne unitorm, tno oruera, uic uui,
luVt'littlo'chUnged, the whole1' person in fact,
seemed to indicate a recent idh'tfrnalibn. The
not differ in any essential point from what we
havs already given. . . ,
The next document jam order, of the day
from the Prince De Joiuville To His crews, di
rectingihe various point of naval ' eiiqiiotte. to"
be observed during the ceremonial of embarka
tipn;and, afterwards:, i. if- .:, i
The last, and one of the most interesting, of
the documents, is the process verbal of the cof-.
fins, drawn-up. by Dr. Guillard, surgeon -major
of ihe Belle Potle. . The report after relaung
ihe precautions mentioned above, which, were
in opening the lids of the. several coffins, .coiir
tinues as follows: " v
, Something white' which appeared tp have be
come detach d from the linmg covered as, with
a thin gauze, all that the coffin contained. v The
cranium and forehead, which adhered strongly
to:the satin, were partially stained with it but
very little was seen on the lower part of the
face, oh tlie hands or on the toes. The ' body
of the emperor was Tn an easy 'position, as when
it was plaeed'ln tne coffin, the upper members'
were laid at length, the left arm and hand restr
ing on the lefr thigh, the'Iower limbs were slight
ly bent. The head a little raised, rested on a
cushion. The voluminous skull, thw high' and
broad forehead presented themselves covered
wilh hard and yellow teguments closely adhe
ring tothem. Such appeared also ihe couiour
of tlie orbits, the upper edges of which were fur
nished with the evebrows. Under the evelid3
were still to be distinguished the ocular globes
which had lost very little of their volnuFe 'or
form. The eyelids Vere completely closed, ad
hered to the subjacent parts, and were hard'tfiYV
der the pressure of the finger. ' Sume'eyelashci
were to be seen on their edes. "' ' '
The bone's 'of' ihe nose, atitl the"fegumcnt
which covered them were well pre.4erVed'..Yhe
tubes "and nostrils alone had suffe're1f.,;The
cheeks were' full. The teguments' of this part'
of the face were remarkable for their siftness
to the touch and their whiteness.- Those 'of
the chin were slightly blue, a tint thev" Had
borrowed from the beard', which had grown af
ter death. The chiri itself had undergone'no
change and still preserved the peculiar lype'df
the face of Napoleon. 1 ' "
The thin lips were parfed, and three of the
incisive' teeth, were while, appeared under the
upper lip, which was a 'little raised towards tho
left. The hands were perfect, not having un
dergone any change. Although.the joints were
stiff, the skin preserved that peculiar color
which is only to he found in the living nun.
The nails of the fingers were longand'adherent,
and Very .while. The legs were in boots; but,
in consequence of the opening.of the seams,
the last four toes were out on each side. The
skin of these toes was of a dead while, 'and
furnished with nails. The anterior region of
the thbrax'was much depressed in tlie middle,
and tlie sides of the belly hard and sunk. 1 All
the members covered by the. clothing-appeared
lo have preserved their shapes. I pressed 'the
ielt arm, which I found to be hard and dimin
ished in thickness. As to the clothes, they ap
pearedMvith their colors, iso, that the' uniform of
the horse chasseurs of the old guard, was lo
be recognised by the dark green of ihe. coat
,atid iis bright, red facjngs. The grand cordon
of ihe legion of honor, was. across the waist;
coat, and the white breeches were partly, cov
ered by the hat, which was placed on the thighs.
The cpauletts, the star, and other decorations
attached to thn breast, had Most their brilliancy,
and tinned black., I he ;gold crown ol the
cross of an officer of the Legion of Honor. hat
.alone preservedils polish. VaSes of silver ap
peared beiween tho legs, one surmounted by an
.eagle, which rose above jhe knees; jhe.y were
found entire and closed. As. th.ere were, ad,
hesions between ih'ese vases and the pansrihe,y
touched,.! .uncovered them,a Utile, the King's
Commissioner hot thinking it right .thatijhey
should be removed for the purpose of aclos'er
examination."
The process verbal, after a remark. thatTthe
above details though they might have:beemful
ler, aro sufficient to prove a state of! preserva
tion of the body more complete, than thecircum
stances of the auiop-jy and inhtimaiion warrant
ed ,of, proceeds as follows:
" This is not the place to inquire into the
causes whiqh have M. this extent arrested the
progress of.decomposition: but tliere is no doubt
thaijlUeextreme solidity of the masonry of the
jomb, and the care taken in ;nuikiu and sol
dering, the, poffins in rneta,. iayo .powerfully
contributed to this result. However this may
be, I .learned the iffe.ej of atmosphere on
remains, and was convinced that the. best means
of preserving still longer was to exclude them
from its action, l'eagerly complied with the
desire of the King's commisrioner, thai the cof
fins should be immediately closed, I restored
the wadded -saijn to its place, after having
slightly steepedjj.irv creosote, and then caused
all the wotidon cases to be closely fastened as
possible, and those of metal to be hermetically
soldered. Tho remains of Napoleon arts now
deposited in six coffins one of tin, a second
of mahogany, h third of lead, .a fourth also of
lewtoseparaied, from that within it by sawdust
andvwedge of, wood thefifihr the sarcopha-
oiis nf tvhnnv anrl-lho'sixthr tha-nutflr chss of
oakt" - '
O ." , - T - -
vr.
Mi