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VOL. 2.
4E.4:01i - •1111titt ;')lletiio.Ciat,.
'• PWILISITED . PiEttY:IIIUIiSDAY TIOItNITU, .
J.' 8.-. o*.lAtT, • ;
314F,ToPOT ; riv.oAzi . .: co uN'Py; -PA
URIS $l5O iu Advitnce
•
. Itatks: of •Advettiiing.
I Velma one year..::.:.:. .... .... ..
1, •• ig iix
Orli *liar, of 12 Boos or lend, 3 iniortiong,..
Mob subniquent,insortion,....-..-......, - ;...
211/101111110ardi, -with paper; 00
these Terms Will.bontrictly hatieretfto.a.ol
B4giiitto!..:Mi.i : ,cturili.
• • •
A.
I • ' . '
IlDt . tram, Draftsman Coiireyancer, and Real . Estate
. Agest.. ilmet . hport, .I*l'Ke an tounty Pa. • •- •
. - .
WILLIAM WILKIFT, • . •
lfl Michanto, Millwright; .Dridge•builder, 4cc
Ansgbany,Celia county, Pa. .
J. L. , BROWN;
etrivirron, DItAFTSIIAN, CONVEYANCER andßenl
Moto Agent,•.. 001reiWilliameville, Elk Co., Penn'ii
Chiplwer Boyle Eon's.,
-.Mow. Thomas Otruthere,
• V.. B. 'Brownell, Esq.,
. new.' A. I.•
. .
• " . CARVER HOUSE,
tool
:
ton Hat.r:Proirteto . r, corner of Water andllielrory
Moots, Warren, pa. • General Stage ColSc(2. •
B; F. WEIGHT do CC.;
Whotairds'and Retail Dealerivin Fanilly Groceries; Pork,
• Flour, Silt, 'Feed, Ice.; 'km. Under E. 8. Mason's
.Stavir Store, East side of the PubliC Square; Smettqirt,
J. BACKUS &CO
Oi,sri Dealers lo Dry (hods, .Groceries,- Crockery'
sestl74llade Clothing, Boots and Shoes, Iles and Caps
ker.; oppoine the Court louse, Stoothport Pa:
J. C. HOLMES,
,
Wholesale and Retail Dealer In .Provisions nn4 Family
Groceries, Dry Goods,.Dpols; Shoes Caps,
brook.. Notions, &c., &c. Store one door west of the
Astor Houle. Terms, Cash. •' '
FOBES HOUSE,
Fronting the Public square,. Olean, JAIIES
MILLER: Proprietor. The Fobes House is entirely new
and built of brick, era is furnished in modern style.
. The proprietor flatters himself that - hie accorrinioda,
•
tiona are not
,stirpossed by Any hotel ln.Weiltern New
'• 'York. • Carriages run to and froin the. New' 'York .and
Erie Rail Road. • • • ' •
BYRON D. HAMLIN;
ATTORNZT AT LAW; &meth port , Comity:: Pa.,
• Agent foi • brews, Keatln; LiOde it:tten.lic
espeeialljr to the Collection 'of. Claims'. Examination of
.. , - Land Titles; Payment of -Taxes, and 'all business
Reet gents. • • 0111 C-i "refit
.
. .. . ..
''• . • • OREETI'S HOTEt. '••• •,- ~ •
. .
D. A. Watoirr Proprietor,.—at Xinzint, .Wairen count •_
• ' P►, His Table rill be supplied. with. the beet the.
' • country affords, and lie no pains in AtCOMOCI4tiNg
E: BOUGHTON ELDREIc
Attorney: nd : Counsellor at littir,',ismelliport, JYAchn
County, PR. Duelneso entnrntcil to Lis care for the'
. counties or M'Kean; Putter and litlk will be promptly
..attimided . ,ta : '.Office In the Court Ilonse, second liver:
DR. L.)I.•WISNER,
. .
Physician and Surgeon, Smothport, 3'a,, nill attend . l
.all professional calls with propptuess. (Mee iu Sir
well illock; secondllOor. . • . ' . ,
~ '
.. ...-
Pry S. BUTLER & CO.,
Whideaaltf and Antal Dealers °ln 'Staple and 'Fancy, Dry
Goode, Carpeting, Ready Made .Clothing, and - Rennin,
,ittraisbing Gocrds ' Banta and ShoegriVall and Wilidetir
Papet,"Looking G'lasset Fe. At Olean; N..Y. '
Ekriiv /ITT HOUSE,
. . .
Inistliport,BVlCean C 0.,. Pa., D. li. Iler3grr, Prigirie
• - tor—opposite tho'Court Ifouse...• uew, largo,, corn'
, - mndlons and well: louse. • • .
JOHN C. BACKUS,
Aitorney and Connaellor at Law; Snietliport, B'K
lea'n Co'
Pa.,Will attend to all iniainesa in his profeesion intim
eounties of Milieaa, Potter and }Ilk: Office over C.. g.
• Seawall lc Brottlere' Store. ' . • ' • .
. .
• : • •
. .
DenierAp Diy.Voods,Oroceries, Perk, Flour. Salt, Fist
o,lotidng, Boots and. Shoes. Store In Ea.
iton , e old stand; Srnetlaport General, Patent bled!.
nine Agents. • •
. ..
. . .
. . .
Corner of Second and Liberty Streeti, Warren,Pd: ' 11
A: BARBOR, Proprietor. Travelers will fin good ae
t r osninodations and reasonable charges: • .. . '
.. , . ...
E. 8. MASON,
. . .
W ,
Deafer in Stoves,. Tin are; Jappanert 'Ware, ike:;, west
Ole of the 'Public Square, Elmethport,, Pa. Custom
.. *ark dime to order on the aborted .notice, and in the
most autratanthil. mermen.. .: . '-" . . " .
W. B. BROWNELL,
Dialer try .Goivis, Groceries, Crockery, Hardware,
biota, Shoes, Hata, Cam Glass, NAM, Oils, &c.
East; aide of the Public. Squire Smetliport, Ts. '
A. J.•DTTO,
. .
. .. .
Defter - In Prorlslons and Family Groceries generally, at
Fanners Valley, WHearr 00., Pa. Grain, Lumber,'
Shingles,•&c.; taken in' exchange for Goode. Patent
Medicines for 'sale. ' ,'- - „
LARABEE'S HOTEL,
•
.
A. LARiatt. Proprietor,HAlleglieni, Bridge,
..IkPlCean
Co, Pa. . This hoiiee. is situated about nine miles from
. Bmetbpot en the road, to Oleau,.and.will found a
•• convenient stopplig-ptace- .•'•
•
. . EMPORIUM 11011SEi . • .• . .
•
• .
shippeai MlCean 00. i Pa: LSOICAND 0001 C, Proprietor•
A 00mmodione and well-furnished, house. Strangers
tad asavidere *III And gobd aocommodations.
• , YAEII23IB' VALLEY- HOTEL,
T. GOODWIN. This house is situated about five mile"
froni Omethport on the road to Olean. Pleasure peril's *
others cantle aecommodated'en the shortest Notice*
HLDRED HALF-WAY
.1101:18E,
NATWAX DIANN, Proprietor. • This house Is situated hal
-way.between timethport and Olean. If you want a good
dimmer this is the. place to stop.
, .
• • • . • OKORDIB .CORWIN,
. . .
Proprietor of .the Grist. Mill, •se ldeobanicsburg, Mc:
Kean County Pa. Flour. 'illeil,•and Peed, constantly
. bend and. for sale, in large and small quantities. ••
RAILROAD HOUSE; • .
08TitiNMM; .Ptoprietot'; Norwich, Wigton; •Co.,
Pa.•-• Good aceommodatfoua•caa be had there at all
. '• PORT ALLEGAN Y HOUSE • • •
Ibrottalt Dottatr i _Proprietor, nt Porl Allegany,.llle,
Kean County; Pa.. Vile H
Hotel Is situated at the June' tion of the thnothrOrt • and Allegany Inver loads, nine
soittoviast of thnetliliort. . • , '
... • .• • • •.
mIiKE AN Co.,' Pa. •
HASKELL •: *: : Prop'rietor.
The Proerieter having recently purchased and thor
oughly refitted the'Aetor 11011H0, flatten hinuielf that Ito
'ono furnish am good abeothinodetiougne anyhotel to Went
ern Peonepvetue.
.$33 00
- 20 00
12 00
. 20 00
. 12 00
Ridgway,'Pa
-Warren Pa
Smetbpod, .Pa
Buerui V.lsta,'Pa
Feeling a deep, interest.in a certain candid.:
ate, tie father. who ,*as evidently opposed' to
:the boy's preference, stood at the ballot-box
and chalhinged his right tO_Vole, on ground
of•his not being of age. The young :man de
clared he was, twenty-one years old, that he
. Icnew it . , and in.isted on his right.
• The father becoming indignant, arid wishing;
as the saying 1,.t0 hiin'Off." before the
judges, Baia . •
yoil stand up there and con
tradiet nne? Don't I _know how old you are?',.
Wasn't I. theri?" . • '
...•. • . ;
• Bob looked hii'contemPt for, the , old, man'e
speech, as`he''hastily replied : • , • • •
"ThunderationVppse you a•as; vvaen!t I there
on's vote
IIOW TIIF:Y CO%IIIT:T AS EI:ON:UV:ST..IN NEW
HAMPSIIIII.E.7-111Cre is 'some style about the
way in which: they get up an elopement in
New. Hampshire.'.: A man pamed:Warren,
.at
Goffstown felt .that he had 'an affinitrtci the
Wile.of Nute, and finding that Mr. Isl. remark-.
ed sarcastically to Warren, that if he had any,
hetter right to his 'wife than he • himielf had,
be had•betfer, take her. Warten ieplied that
he thought of doing so; and a. few minutes af
.
ter said to Mrs: Nute, tt . Come,eis, make haste
—we have a long ways to go;” and they pt 6 ,.
pared to start: Finding them determined to
go; Mr. Note gave his 'wife some wholesome
ii!r
'advice; caented her with seventy-five. cents
•to buy n. f ri; lo cool tier off, and Warren, with
Note's . Wife, with no •baggage or clothing, ex-.
cept' What They had on, itacted for Mulches-
HOUSE,
Too LATE. Racitirs !-.The moment a friend,
or even a mere acquaintance, is dead, how sure 7.
lythere Starts up before us each instance of un
kindness of which we have been guilty towards
him. 'ln fact, many and many an 'act 'or word
which, while he was in, life, did not seem 'to
us to be unkind at all, now pbites back" and
shows us what it really 'was., 'Alas.! 'twee
thus we caused to suffer him who now is due t,
and yet, then we did not pitY, nor reproach
ourselves. There is ,always a bitter:ness beyond
• that of death, in the dying of a fellow-creature
to whom we have been unjust or unkind. Seine,
do not yet know this, having never' lost any
companion, by death; but 'there are few, indeed,
who•will not, if they.live long, find out. How
differently do people treat each otherfrom what
they ought to do. And why can they not, for
their own peace's sake, be
.more careful, not to
destroy or diminish the happiness of each oth
er? There are in this world, at the best, many
abiding shadows;' why need Men increase them
by clothing their own - ?aces'in clouds? ' The
'human face should be radiant with the spirit of
love, but it is rendered dull with intlifference,
or dark by ill-will. Oh i these. stony faces 01
Men; these cold, cruel eyes, that'do melt with
pity; these. Withheld hande, whose ready clasp
might uphOld those Who are sinking they know
not whither; these' harff,,hard hearts, 'that can
no longer be touched , by tenderness, remorse
will prove their master; and. when death cots
down and takes away the one to' whom they
owed kindness, bitgave it not, they will be
made, to, quiver with the' thought of what . that
•
soul, ,
now before God, will hive to report of
them.
•It is a beautiful custom to leave untotlphed
the •fruits that are shaken from the trees by the
wind; these being regarded us sacred •to the
poor and the •stratupt:' . ,
The Shipboy's cnive:—Song
BY e IIeSS NAKLOI
•
The_wlittte . , olertheinoor..tiyeetreepleg,
the low.eripgek;r; . '
A,lligh and inetttei'
Arid deep , 4ehor toei •
. .
Little feet step overthe 6nder--
Little eyes, now look . eut.on the etermi
And Wisheti of . children , ere tender—:
~' That; Willie in safe from all' harm:-
Oh Qod !.Npare the ship on the.ocesit—.. :
; OaN:e Willie to-night:on the sea—
Is the piaer that goeaup'with emotion
Oh J.ord't we 711 . 1 over trust Thee.,
Tot tOrm•clOnda hang' ei. thd mountain,,
Deep thualieni tirnliel lowing nigh
And grief, to the heart's secret fountain
Burnie (grill ; in thalfone mother's crp:
She stanch/ by the hair dylng embers:—
Noir, paces the roughly hewn Soor—
Then, stoops o'er the haby, in slumbeis,'
. .
And covers itilittle crib o'er.
Yet darker and darker, the gloaming;
And eilft, tomes the pattering rain.:—
Loeh•Lomond,e own billows are foaming,
She teamster the.abips on the main. '
.Fir . .iway, on the brinyoeeen-, .
A barque Owe the stormy eel—
Anl a sallor-boyoe hfibeet.dee:etion t
Iti..—"mother is prayisig for ism"
No !der, ita:lone vtrgit, iftkeeiking—. '
The marine ea guide hoe gone down,
The velment - great *berm; are creaking
• The last ray of hope, meets alrown:
Way down 'neath the;rUaming
-Way down in • cavern's gloom,
The sea.floWer is Willie's. nillow .
' ' the ocean's Mislay:44's tomb
. ,
WASN'T I .THERE Too?—At a, recent. elee
tion in thii State,.a . lad presented himself at the
polls to debit the benefit of `the election:ften:
predicted 'glories igthe•arrny . in ltaly." He
levied a.Contribution of four millions of dollars,
organiaed a .municipal. government, and' in a
AA time, renewed.. the active' work of the
This settled ilia affair, 'and in went the sci- I campaign: ersewherm
COUNTY
SMETHPORT, M'KEAN COUNTY, PA., THURSDAY,.
,AUGUST 4, 1859.
HON. JAMES B. CLAY.
. ,
The old Ilne-'.Whigs orShelby - county'Ken.
tueky,. recently l/ddressed a' letter. 'to the Hon.
James B. -.Clay; ;liking' his
,opinion touching
the 'future Political..triovennents'of.the.cauntry,
to; which. he replied at length with' the ability
which always characterize- his pioduetioni.- We
have only room for the closing paragraph' of
his letter, which' will tie readwithinterest, ei
pecialty by all who belonged !to the" old Whig
party, mid 'who have refused, .to•identify them
selies-with-Republican Know-Nothingism:—
Itln . conclusion,. gentleman; "will sick' that '
I have no,reasdn- to doubt the. 'Correctness 'of
the positions•which lassumed-three years.ago'. ,
I believed then that 'the only great Political
'contest in
.the coantry was . between .the. Black
Republican party and the Demecratiic
,partyr—:
that the stake'played was, for the Union itself.
I.believe that next year, under whatever name
,the opponents . or the-,.Demehra . ts may he- ar
t:eyed, we shall have the same, battle over
again. Whilst I cannot expect every measure
of the". Democratic. Administration to accord.
precisely with 'my . judgment, 'any more than
could the thearitiree*of any. pally be: exPeCted
to iceord fully With the opinions of each indi
vidual member of , it; and whilst in the 'Mee
-tiOn.of men, I shali feel myself free to vote,
or not to vote,'aCcording ' to my own choice; it
is my intention f by every 'honorable means in
my power; •to.sustain ' arid . .support the. Denufr
cratic party, as the. only-politipal'organixation
Which has.the. will and power to.preserve the
Union from- dissolution'," '. . •
THIRD ENTRY OF *LAN BY TREE FRENCH..
French ha%;e entered Milan three times .
within seventy , years.. • The.first occasion was
on. the lath of May, 1796—just one inoritir after
the opening of: the Italian canipiign at. Monte
.notte had ;spread the :name of Napoleon Bona
parte all over- Euringrand'five days after. the
terrible paisage of the bridge of Lodi; which
had induced , the veteran French officers, bewil
dered 'at' the. achieVerrients of the youth :of
twentf-six, to bestow on him the long Wed.
title . of The "little dc;rporal." . Then,las apparent' .
ly new, the Austrialia'commeaced their retreat
into Tyrol, and the' people turned to greet their
deliverers. “Tbe whole 'population ofthe
says an eminent historian, "marched out to bid
Napolecn.welCome; floWers'were 'acattered in
his pith; ladies thronged '.the windoWs as' he
passed, and greeted: him with 'smiles and flut
tering hindkerchiefi, and ,a shower:of
boquets rained down at his' feet." The :con
queror Proceeded' fo the Duke's palace, Whelice
he, issued, the'' famous . address, 'closing with the,
'Four.years' afterwards,. in' Bohiliarte's aec
ond Ita4an campaign the Austrians again gaVe
up Milan to the French. He had passed the
oreat St. Bernard and deacended 'the. Italian
slope of the Allis with such' extraortlinary.ce
•
lerity, the Austrian. Generals suddenly found
themselVes. cut off, from their . ' own country,
while.-they had been drearnine• of invading
France. Murat 'crossed the Ticion at Buffer
lora, and the Ausiriaris evacuaied.Miltin with•
put., serious . opposition Napoleon
, made his
triumphal entry amid demonstrations. aimilar
to those °n-his first capture .of the city, on the
2d of hine, 1600. The battle' 'of. Montebello
was fought'on the 9th and that at Marengo' oh
the 14th
,of the. same. Month.. Bonaparte re,
rained at Milan only , a fortnight after the, bat
tle of Marengo. In this campaign which . last
ed but five vveeks,. Napoleon carried into Italy
only. sixty AhaUsandsioldiers, nearly all of them I
undiseiplined . recruitsi while the Austrian
troops numbered one hundred and twenty thou-
TIMATINGSCALDS AND BURNS.-Dr. South,. a
London physician, in a recent work on doniestic
practice, gives. the following for the treatment
of scalds and burns--misfortunes to which chil
dren are too often Subject:
!The object in treatini sCalds and burns is
to keep up, .foi a time,. the great heat or high,
temperature to which the injured part has
been raised.by the scalding or' burning, and to
lower this by degrees, to the natural heat of the
body •" . • • •
If the blistered skin be unbroken, the burns
may be covered -with dry or wet applications,
whichever may be handiest or'most preferred;
but if the skin lie breken„ wet 'applications, s if
they can be got at once, are best, otherwise
dry ones must be used; as it is of the utmost
importance' to protect the exposed sensitive
true skin that lies beneatk the scarf -skin, bf
whiCh the blister consists, from the air, which
renders it excessively. painful. The best and
readiest dry materials' are flour, or cotton,' or
cotton-wadding; the wetere turpentine, spirits
of: wine or'good brandy,.lime-Water and 'milk,
milk alone,' or bread and milk poultiCe; and' all'
these applications must' be Made ,of stacierit .
warmth to feel comfortable to the finger, bilt
not, too hot." -
UNWHOLES - COSE ! —Some papers have a queer
way 'of 4elling. wholesome truths. Thus, one
tells its readers that it is extremely tinwhole-,
eorne-to fall in love with another rnan's.wife.--,
A respectable citisen of Alabama - “died" the
first year on account of an affection of this kind.
The last time he was , seen he was looking.into
the mouth of a 'cooked pistol.
. .
. . ,
•The liath thatirgold . to forltinit• too often
passes' through the .narrOw defiles of inean ,
nesS,.,whieh a man of exalted spirit 'cannot,
stoop . tia tread. : • - - .
. .
ADDRESS
DEMOCRATIC STATE: COMMITTEE.
Fellow-ciri:en s'vf Pettnaylybuta':
.
We neW present you, as briefly as circum
etances will permit, the views entertained, as
the 'State
,Crnmittee by the nn
. Deocra-
Cy of the State .and of the • Nation,*respecting
the rights of our naturaliied citizens, andithose .
priflciples of natural justice 'and. freedon •Which
We are prepared to'inaintairin our intercourse
with foreign States, as,a part,of Our enlighten
edAmerican Policy:
. This subject - has been at
all times•ati : interesting one
_to us as our history
shows,.. The first Article in the Constitution,
authorizing' Congress* to establish
.att uniform
rule of nattiralization, and the several acts .of
Congress pesSed •in pursuance of •the' power
granted, all indicate this fact. Ifso happens
now, that the state , of War in which several of
the leading nations of EurOpe'have become in
•volvetl, and which , trek' possibly embraCe is
Its unhappy circlelhe whole of that Continent
before peace =shall .be re-established, has . ;in. :
parted, for obvious reasons, an•immediate and
most important .significance to all' those ques-•
Hone depending.on the' principle of theright of
expatriation, as we understand it in this coon
try, and-*-which, in. connection:with our act of
Nattiraliziltion,are•not only extremely inter
esting to our, citizens by, adoption, but:'direct
ly, 'concern the ,dignity, , ' power 'and .
national consequence of our Government. 'lt
is'trup thatmany or all Of tbeGovernmenti of
Europe have made provision,ln genie mode or.
other; for the naturalization of 'foreigners, by
which.they are. invested. with a portion or all
of the rights of native born . subjects, in the
country. of *their adoption; but, nevertheletis,
theseserrie Governments; almost without ex.;
Ception, either openly affirm or tacitly main
-thin the doctrine of perpetual allegiance, absai
•lute or, qualified, the part of an alleged silt
ject.to the Government
. under which be hap
pens to be horn. - In opposition to this, the peo
pie and Government of the United States haven
always denounced !he idea,of perpetual
allegi
.ance as. unworthy the era in ‘Vhich we live,
and es ineonsialent., with and. inirnical*:to.the
generous -principles of our.Government,.:and it
is known that on one ocCasiorAve succeis.:
fully resisted its npplication at the cannon's
Ml:4th. In the , sime the Imperial or
Monarchial aovernrneicts of Europe, still more
Oriess• subservient to . old. Feudal. influence's,
regaidaexpatriation as a matter of grace' from'
the government to,the subject, not as, a matter
of right. in the subject, and of, course as being
subordinate•to" their claim ofvelpetual allegi
ance....•lye; on the ry ,
contra, regard expatria-.
tion as a natural and. indispensableright, like
the' right to .eiijoy the; arinahine * . t.ci breathe
,the air; we believe if to be• superior to allegi
ance, and that it can Only belimited, ormodi
fied,•postponed, or in any way
,impUgned or af-,
fected, by serneactually existing debt, penally
Or obligation due.pa the'law•, civil or criminal,
at the period of emigration. Thegovein . menta
of. Europe have all . beeri: disposed to treat nut-
uralization as being no more than.a mere mun
•
cipal regulation, which each nation might make
for its own particular interests .or convenience;
ciperativb. within its. own jurisdiction, but
which did not warrant anything to-bedone'llir
.
A naturalized subject; in contravention of. the
international code of z P.urope, perpetual all egi,
•
•
ance being a partof that crle. On the..other
hind, .}+•ith a largei . compreheniion of citiiliza
tion:and• libeity, we regard the act of nattirali-
zatton as placing the naturalized citizen in 'all
respects, excepting; in . the one 'Constitutional.
reservation or inelligibility to the Presidency
or Vice Presidency, on the same footing, and in
the same degiee of rights and honor, as•that
occupied by the native-born citizen-;- asin point
of fict inducting' man, hitherto for the period
. .
of probation .rerpircif by 'the law, an' inhabit
ant or resident in the land, intofull and perfect
citizenship .Government .. which pia
claims expatriation to be a natural: right, ant
which disaffirms the doctrine of .perpetual alle
giance ne conflicting ciiintily s zith justice and
It trust be Leine in mint!, bewelier,,that.in
depenilentirot: the . tie dr duty. of allegioAce,
and,really distinct from it, there is' and always
must be in the necessity Of the case, as the
very cement of any organized politicalsociety
enduad With sovereignty, a certain , contract
between the Goverrnnent and itiasubjeeta or
citizens. Under this contrect, the ,Government
engages, among other things, to . give . protec.
tion topersons aOd property, to preserve order;
o guarantee civil .and:political- rights, and , to
defend the nation againat its foreign enemies,,
and the subject or citizen tor his own part en
gages to '01)4 the laws and pay to the.Go'vern-
ment whatever slebt dr penalty the judgment
of the law may,justly deviant) of. him: - .Wnat
may began actsal arbaiating debt or obligatiOn
in the law .which one may attempt to evade or
escape, by expatriation may be hereafter' the
subject of diplomaqc cokthoirersilbetien the
Government of the "Union Mid foreign •Stateac-
so long as the Govetnrnent remainein the hands
of the Democracy,. wilt permit no inaultingyia
itation rd• the thane of perpetual allegiance .on
our adopted citizens, or •any,pelitical. distinc
tions *ld be drawn: in principle between natiife
and naturalized citizens at home, or abroad; 110
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act of naturalization, whether of an ,American
cii4 pi. by a fit r iCork!.n men ; 'a foreign...
erby.bur cen relea'se either from an act,
ual — nOtcomtitictiyeL4xieting debt,' penalty,
or' Obligation Under- the contract 'referred' to
between allgovernments and lheir citizens • or
lubjects, incutrca and owing at the thine °fox ,
pattlation, and,unpabt . at the tnoMentiof a:vol
uhtziry return to the jurisdiction of the delleited
•
But there is no need to occupy Your atten
tion further with any.obseryaWM . of: our 'Own
on'this topic: It is, fortunately, in our power.
to lay before you .ait extract from a dispatch
addressed to our Minister at Berlin,' frOin the
Department of State, 'ny - orcier of President
Buchanan, and which, relating as' it does to 'a
,practical case, has been most
: carefully prePer
iia. ;t presents the true American.position
ir manner at once so clear instatement and sat
isfactory in argument,. aS he welt nigh
.be
ybait cavil,: ' .
Extract •of a DespatcA , front the Department of
State to tke Ilfinieter or the: 'Unted Siatei at
•
Derips, datedJfili 9, 1859.. . ••• ' • •
• The question then-arlSea r what rights do our
laws confer Upon foreigner by granting rim
naturalization? I answer, all the;rights, privi-:
leges and immunities which belong to o native
born citizen, in '
.their full extent, with• the sin.;
gle qualification I that,:under the. Constitution,
[trio person except l n"nateralliOrn,citizen is eli=
gible to the offineof'President."• 'With this ex , '
-cePtion, ; the naturalized citizen froni and after
the date of his naturalization, bath . at'home and
abroad, is.plaeed upon the very same footing
withAhe native citizen:: lie is neither,in abet; .
ter nor a worse condition.l. If a native citizen
chobsei to take :up . his residenee in- a foreign
country, for' the . purpOse of. idvancing his for
, une or promoting hit happiness, he 'is
.Whilst
here bound to obey its muniCipal laws equally.
with...those . whO have liVed in it all their lives.
He goes abroad e'
, wfth his eyes'open; and if thes
laws bearbitrary and tiniest,. he has chosen to
I abide by colisequenCes. .If they . * a &fain,
isterecl in..an equal spirit- towards, himself and
towards native 'subjects, thit : government have .
no 'right, to interfere authoritatively' inlcia
half. Tcildo this•would be to Violate . the „right .
of an independent riationte legislate 'within its,
own te rritories: if W
government ere to
undertake.suCh a task,'Tire might soon'' be -in
volved in trouble' . with neatly the whole world..
To protect our citizens against the application
of thip principle Of universal law r in its full ex
tent,, we have. treaties • with Severa l . nation s
securing exemption•to American citizens when
residing abroad from'aome of the onerous duties .
reqUired from their own subjects. Where no
such treaty exiSts, and ih'Aplericari citizen his:
committed a crime or •incurred a penalty _
violating any municipal law whatever of , the
country of his temporariresidenee, he is just
as•litible to be •tiledandjuinished for his offence I
us though he had'resided In it from the day al
Ilis birth.' Iftlii.s.has.not been thine before his
departure, andlbe should• voluntarily return un
der the same jurisdiction, be rriiy. be tried and
punished for the offence upon principles : ol'lln
versa! law
Under such circumstances, no parson would
think contending that an intermediate
dencefn his own . country .frir years would de
piivethe goverdment whose laws hp had yhila
tedpf the . power td union . ° their - ..execution,
The % . rery'seme' jiriociple, and ho othei, is aP•
pliCable to the case or a naturalized 'citizen,
should he choose to ,return to his. native'coun
,ity. in,that case, if he had coinmitte'd..an. of
fence against the before departurEc he
is ecaponeible,.. hr.thesainu .manner as the
native Mnerican citizen to ,whem I have refer--
red. In the langnage of the lateMl;.- Marcy,
in his letter.of the'loth of January; .1851, to
Mr..laelcson, then our Charge .d'AtUirs to Vi-
enna, when speaking'oftpusig's case, «every
nation, Wheneveritsiaws are violated•by nny
one owing obedience to:thetn, whether he be a
citizen' or a stranier,bli a- right. to inflict the
penalties incurred' by the transgressor, if femur
within itsjeristlictjon," 'This principle ie'too
well .establiihedlo admit - of - serious controver;
sy. It one.of our native or naturatiZed citizens
Were to eviiose himself• to .ponishment by the
commission of an offence against any of our
ewe, State or National, ;and alerwards become
a naturalized subject,of a foreign country, he
would not have the 4ordihood to pretend,.upon
voluntarily returning. within our jurisdiction;
that his naturalization. relieved Itini*frorn the
punishment due to his crime; much, luss could
he appeal to the government of his adopted
country to piotect him against hhiretipon.sihiti :
ty:toth'e'trrti.ted§tateili.or any of the:p4tatOs•.—
, .
This Government would no fora moment list
en to such an eppeal. • • • • •
- Whilst these prinniplea cannot be'contested,
great care should be taken in, their.application,.
especially to . our.naturalized Citizens. The mo
tnent a foreigner becoines naeurSlize.d; his site..
glance to his native - country is severed forever.
He expecienees a new pioliticat birth.. A broad
and impassable line separates him trona his Oti
tis!) colintry.. He is no more respoosibie . foi.
anything he may,sak'or
. do s or omit ta-,saY, 'or
do, afteztossuming his neve, charticier, if
he had - been,Aornin the United States. ' Should
e vetata to his native . country . ; lie returns as
an . A. nteriean, eitizeti, and in no',pthcr,charae
te r. order to entitle hia : Origintilzo . yerninen t
tb, punish him for offence?-this intist . 'hate .
.been committed whilst he was a aubject .
°Wed allegiance to that governMent.: The
fence must have °been complete. before
'patrintion; It muet-hirie' been of suchi
actor that he might have heen tried.and pui:::-:
ished for.it at the Juonnent of hiideprirture.
future ljabiliti to,serve . in . theariny'wiffnot be,
sufficient; bedattee, before the time can arrive
for such a•serviee, he h'lti changed hie
once, and 'has becOme a citizen'of
.the
States. It would be 41)14 absurd . toconterief
that:a boy ; brought - to thfs country from•a for''
eign country with his father's family when,htk
twelve years of age and naturalized here, who.
should afterwards visit the country , of.his birth
when he became a man; might then be . seiied'
and compelled to perform military service, be
cause,' if he had retrained there throtighout•thir ,
intervening years and his life had been atinred,a
he would have been bound to perform military .
service. To'subniit to such ir . -principle would" :
be to make an odious distinction .betwien our
naturalized and native citizens: 'For. this tea--
son, - in my dispatCh to you of May . l2, 185 W,,
end again in my,letter to Mr. Hofer, of the 14th
ultimo,l confinetbe foreign . jurisdiction in ...rel.,
gard, to our naturalized Citizens to such' Of them.: ,
as nwere in the airny or actually called into it'',
at the time they left Prussia.. That is; to .'the .
case of actual desertion or a refusal to enter
into the army after having been regularly draft
ed and `called into it by the 'government ,to•
which at the time they owed allegiance., • It is:
presdnried that neither of these cases present. •
any difficulty in point of
,principle. ,
If a aoldier or sailor Were to desert from ottr.
army or navy, for which 'offence he is liable to
a severe punishment, and after having become
naturalized subject' Of adother country, should'
return to the United States,rit would be a.rilii.-
gular. defence for him to make thitt:Liu,s ab
solved from _crime' because,; after its commis-.
rion, hediadhecome, a subject ofanother•gov; •
eminent. It would be still more sinkage were
that government to interpose in his behalf for
any such re'asun.• Again, during the last vvar .
with Great Britain ; in several Of the states—l'
might.mcntion Pennsylvania in particular-Lthd,
militia-man who was drafted and called inta` , ,
the service, or; iii default thereof, procurea sub-'
stilton . : .Suppose such an•indjvidual, after hay.,,,
hag incurred this penalty, had gone to
. 4 foreign
country•and become naturalized them; and thee;
returned to Pennskivaniii, is it posiibla to,im- . ,
agine that fdr this'reason the arm itittheStateif
atithoritios would be paralyzed; and that they:
could not exact .the penalty? I state these ex
amines to show mare clearly both the,extenl?
and the liniitation„Of rightful Hanevarian
diet ion in such eases.' It is impossible to . fore.'
see all the varying s'circhmstances which may
attend 'cases as they May , arise; but it, is be
lieved. that the principles laid down may genera
ally be sutlicint to gnide . your conduct. '• • •
It is to be deeply regretted that German
ernments evince so much tenacity on this'sub "_
jectr It would he better; for, them, considering,
the comparatively stria!! number of their. nativr.
subjects Ailio return to their dbminions afteir • .
being. naturalized 'in this country, Inot to , at , ' •
tempt to exact military service from thern.-
They v. prove to - he' most.reluetint soldiers.
If they violate any law of their native emintry,
during their visit, they are, of course, amentivr
ble like other American citiiene. It'arcadritnr.
a sad misfortune if, for the saki: of an advan.
tag° so trifling . to. governments,' they
should involve themselves in serious difficaltiis
with a 'country•so deairous. we are of main- : `
tanning with them the most. friendly relations.. !
It is fortunate . that serious dificultiis
.of Haw
kind are mainly confined to the Gernian States:-
especially that the laws of Great Britain•.'
do not au therize ant campulsory„militaiiset.
vice whatever. • . •• . -
Chis perspicuous despatch is an racial' ert
!presslim• uttered` by the goveinmunt,:pohe,
United States, under the auspice. of a Eli.tabw .
eratic Adininistratlon‘ . announces- the. law.
of the qiiestionlis it is unilersfpod and felt by
. .
our . people , albt its tone ii 11'4 ternperatii is ita
language is firm. lam willinito admit : than
it Is somewhat in' advance* the poittion.held,
by prerefiin,g administrations . , bit we Must re.;,
member. such has. been the. wonderful ` progreps
of the United. Status poj ulatiori,. wealth tun/ .
powor,.ihat but a tow' ;years have jaituryerteo
sirice,fron the eliatacter of a third, oeit besti
eeeond-rate nation;'our greet #epublit*:efirf7:
ederacy hes: ep . rung - tO the Giai
he aoveieignties of the world.
of our country is note greater OW .1114:1411611.
—its vast intellectual, and
are well kapwriabroatl--iftid,ifiliktt!!o*
and fit, occasion in the tingi4cu4r.i.l4**"6l.l.4".
f• ever,. to make, the'dechrailice *bleb
beqn sent to an. Europearibonrt:
Thus it is,.fetleyilaftli:Shi;.;lo.entiiifruii4.ir
and 'thus it has always b een, tba;:.the . true epirit: ;
of our fro° Pe`'
fleeted to the noble; history of. tiiet.'o,ooaiette;
and thus ,
inocracy ti ireseri4hi4einuritAi-,o4,ikti*li; ".'
;t ;Was certainly
which reduced the'.pielieltiefUtitlfit
'the admin4tratienof .the,kker t ,49,41111,14
tinder Tetrerson4-irliioh.bic4tati:frotik-the?litl#l;::?il, , 4:i . , ; :'
mute book .the he dtelieli , lexi;i4deeetiiiii :
Iniriiose on the part of its friends to
expel (ruin , our shores the , iirriortih*!.eikors,,,7.
NO. 204