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ve.l2‘presztqaattee; ' ...,.. --,
,;;,- -
The interest aria •which the peoele 'of
, - thegoal& :Snticipate-the assembhng of
- Contiss arnithe fulfilment, on that
-Of Alic.ditty - imposed ;4•oti , .*a new
pre;iclent, is one of the heat evidencesof
their capecity to realizethe hepes of the
foindere of &political syetent, at oti
'etnnplei '-ntid' symmetrical.- While t E
e
different bra nche s -Of theinvernment • a ;
.to a cumin extent, independent of each
"Aber, theduties of all, alike,'have direct
reference to the source:: Of, power. For
thiftateiy..l#dir tbili vrtetn,-nomen in . 10
Iligia, and none 10-humble, in the aide of
'Ralikstation u to escape from the Bern.'
trey, or to be eicempt froth the.responsi
bility; vihich all *official functions int ly.
Upon the justice and. intelligen : of
4.,: i n
the masses;in a Government thus - o
~ -
iced, is the' sole ielienceofthe -Viotti er
acy,•aud the only ,security for honest and
earnest:devotion twits interests, against
the • iiiurpitions - and encroachments . cif
power on one band; and the
„assaults. of
personal aribition on the ether.
The *civet of which I have spoken,
•is inseparable- from an • enquiring, self
" governing,' community, but stitnulawd,
doubtless, at the present time, by :the tin=
settled condition of our relations with
sevend foreign powers ; by the new obli
gations resulting from a sudden extension
of the field of .:enterprise;. by - the stiirit
with which that field has beer' entered,'
and the amazing energy with 'which its
. resources for meeting the demands of hu
. inanity have been developed: - ; - • . ,
Although disease assuming at one time
the charactetisticSof a wide -spread :and
devastating 'pestilence, ha's • left its . sad
traces upon some portions of our coup-.
try, we have. !till the most abundant cause
for,reirerenfthankfilluess to. God for an
acctnnulationof signal mercies showered
upon us is a natton. E. It is . well that a ,
consciousness of rapid advancement and •
increasingstrength be habitually associa- .
ted with all abiding sense of dependence,
upon Him who holds in His hands the
destiny of men and ,Of Nations. . .
Recognizing the, wisdi'on of the broad
p r i n ciple of absolute religious toleration
proclaimed in our fundamental law,:and
rejoicing in the benign influence which it
has exerted upon our social and political
condition,;. I shoeld, shrink from - a clear I
duty, did I fail to express my deepest
conviction; thet we ean placer no secure
reliance _upon _any. _apparent progress, if
it be`not snstained,by anti**, integrity.
resting npon the great truths affirmed
illustrated, by.Dinne Revelation. ln the
midis of our sorrow' for the' afflicted -"and
suffering.it,-bas been.amsoling 4. o see how
promptly_ glisaster made true rreiklibors of
chariots and cities separated widely from
, eseit othir, and cheering, to watch the
strength of that common bond of broth
erhood which..unites\ all hearts, in hall
.. parts of this, Union, when flinger threat
. ensfront abroad, or calamity impends
over, us at home. • •
Our diplomatic relations with foreign
powers have undergone no -essential
change Since the adjournment of the last
Cowen. With some of them, questions
of a disturbing character are still pending,
but there are good reason to believe that,
thesemay all be arnic' ably,adjusted.
For some years past s -Omit Britain bas
SO coastrued.the'first article•AA the
•Coni
ventrou of the.2oth ef.April i
_lBlB, n re
gard tothe filial/Dries efi the north-eastern
coast; flaw esclude our chine= from some
of the fishimigrounds. to which tin free
ly, resorted kraearly a quarter.of a cen
tury subseqneht to the date of that treaty.
The United States have never acquiesced
in this construction, but have always
claimed for their , fishermen all 'the rights
which they hid so , long . enjoyed without
molestation::
With a view to remove all
difficulties on the subject, to extend - the
rights of the fishermen _beyond the limits
fixedly theConvent,ion of 1818, and reg
ulate trade between - the United Stet
• and the 13ritish North American Provin
ces, a negotiation has been opened, -wit
a fairprospeet of a favorable - result.
protect our fishermen in the . enjoyment
of their rights, and -prevent collisions be 4
tweets them and Britiih fishermen,
a i
deemed it expedient to Station a nay
force ink that qu'arter , during the fishing
seism). . , _ •
' Embarrassing' quertioris,frive 'also aria
en between the .Groternments in regard t
Centi-al America. Great Britain has pr
posed to Bettie them by an - amicable ar •
_ram:me* and . our • Minister at 'Ando
L /04111Ctea to ilitif into negetiations o
If
that-subject— -..:- -:, • - i
- A elmunission tc•i adjusting the claims
of one Cilizeili against -Gmt Britain, and.
those Of BritiSli`ituljOots against the Unit •
ted States - under the. Conien" ,
tion of '==the the Btlr of February fait. ht. now
sitting iti Loildiut " far the:-trinsaaion or
busineiC- ' - '-'.; ' '
It isle many respects :: des irable that.
the hounduryAlne,hetwion the _titlitelt
Stites" and the 414.4' isb - Pnovinces kith*
nortb;WertAWanedansted• in-the Cowen. ,
tion Of this-liAthltine 1846, ", and especial:
iy that pat usbrio 'separates the territory,
of lillrington.-2rola 'theßritasl . i posaws , ,
• .ions on theArb4lsoul*be traced and.
- nunlved.,.:l - thertircoliiprecutthe said
"ar P •Aot4c* :i-- - -...
~.... ' -
with Taboo' nor re lations Leo itigive
the most ,41eliali. Joottg.. The set
airs cosuirawnehle4 - Ohn the United St
and that csojintiyotw it is conceive
.bilkvie - csorliian:obeik t ain seaiai T
it * l *.,." l. ',•*i i ` i l W:# . .kngiu..4l o !
botlitat4ieL' :-.."'lliro liVie* 14 IWO
..„-.: -, -,...., I' ' .
straerroyel#llatikkto made m,timm, :.
tiug attliatiof_tfonutirceind tamps.
ladvmdma•-• our •iraissdelo t
loitirspiiiri
,iiiwilinc,,,iisvottoi .
ptoi
. ...
`relationsii4k4W4 l ::gwrawas tout Aaf.:Alut:
. "IghbarimeAlitheiliiiitle - -7444Cikokii0"
• rime Eicti..-i! - Vitufimitity, .10.0,stiarlW‘
that Sineit*:**Ctaitianik
4,0 bail:3l4a
_lifisainsiisolUed s i des'
ISel *Mk*: ,Vai .4141'15tatik
EMI=
ENE
..~;;:
, .
either 'or th=.: :-LColoriiet,' '' - hori) 4 3 : an y
Movemint'be niinifested y'vrithin ode Ern ,
1115, ail. the Mavis at my tominand'ivilllie
, 1
'piously `a - sisei . :* it, repress it .1' Several
annoying occurrence. have taken pleats - at
. Havanna, or in the vicinity-ofthe island
Of Cub between our j olivine and- the
SPanialt),,. anthi - irities. - tgoniiidering . -the
' . ' f that island to . our . shores .=
FT": 7o d intile -
1
. 71,,g * . i t,. .does , track of trade.be
tween Infri.f our prinopat s , cities—and
itlia_ttaainaigua vigilance wit, which :for
?Mr intercaarae, pa.licularlY that :with
the itniteo o l.tates, -is there guardod o a
repetition- aids peeprrenees may well
bel-APPPAeaded#' . .-:Ai r lits-aiplomatic in
tattc)4.. 74 a 115 44 ,41 litween -pur Consul
at. Hari , .., llnki.thnTotaitt General ,of
Cnbar; feluly en la.ons:cannot be made_
or pronip:iellmots acordea, where injury
11l
, bee resulted; . ,All anniislaint on; the ' part
of our citizens under the present airango
niant,,,mnst be," in the first place. present- ,
ed to this - government and then refeired '
to Spain: "Spin again refers it-to her lo
cal authorities
tu Cuba for investigation,
and Postminas!) answer till she has heard
from her autheritiea. To avoid those ir
ritating nd vexatious delays, a proposi.'-
i li
lion was made' to provide fora direct ap
peal for redress to, the (Captain General
by. put Consul, in behalf of our'; injured
fellow citizens. ' Hitherto the Govern
ment of Spain has declined atiy such ar.l
demgement. This course on her part is
eply regretted ; fur, without some ar
rangensent of this ki4 d, the rind 'under
standingbetween .t - countries may be
2,
exposed to.aceasiOnal interruption. Our
Minister•et' Madrid is instructed to.renew
the proposition, nd to press it again upon
the clusidecation of her Catholic Majes
ty's Groirernment. 1 • . . .
For fteveral years Spain'has been c.alf
ing the!attentiou of this Government, to
a-claim for krises, by, some of her:lulled-%
hash, case of the schnoner Ainistad.—
This slat is . believedto rest •oe the oli-.
liliations in:gips:id by our existing treaty
with that country:. Its justice was -ad
mitted, in our diplomatic - cospondence
with jthe Spanish government, as earlY as
March 18 . 47 rand one of my predecessors,
in is annual Message of that year, rec
om ended that provision sheuld be made
for its payment. .In January last. it was
sel flitted to Congress by the Executive.
Ii u received a favorable consideration
by •Conimiltees of both branches, but as
yet there . Ilk's been no final action upon it.l
I Cone ive that g od raid) requires its!
promp 'adjustment and I present it to
your fly and fav rable , consideration:
-.:
Ma, in Koszta, a r Hungarian - by birth,
,
came - t. thiaconnir l y in 1850, and deelar.
ed his intention in dile form 'of law, to be
come a citizen' of the United States. At
-ter remainieg here nearly two years, he
visited' Turkey. • While - I:Smyrna, be
was forcibly 'seized, taken n board in
Autrian trig of war, then• tying in t 0
hprimr of that place. and t ere confined'
i irons with the avowed dign to take
411
h m into the dominiona of Austria. ,Our
:consul at Smyrna And . [Legation . at Con
s antmople interposed #w his release .but
t leir efforts were ineffectual., While thus
i .priaoned, Commander Ingraham with
t • e Milted States' ship of war . St. Louis,
'vet) at Smyrna, and after inquiring
i 'to the circumstance* of the;-case, came
t • the conclusion that Koszta was euti-
.
t -.. to the protection of this -Govern-
.. - ,t, -snit- took energetica` d prompt.
essureitor his" release. ii der an.ar
. gemetit between 1 the i is cif . the
Inited States and of Aust" a, he was
I nsferred to the cnstody of be French
i n
I insul-Cseiieral; at Smyrna, there to re-
I, .41 until he should be disphsed of by
e mutnalagreetneut of the Consuls of
, e rturpeetive Girrernments at that place.
1 ersuant to that agreement lie has been
3 . • seed sad is now in the United States.
. . duet ,of our officers.who took part in
, - traasactiono subject of, grave , com
;1 int. .- li.eipaiiing - koszta as still his
•{ s •
9 '"ect,"`aud - clainungi light.to same elm
II thin tho limit' sof the Turkish EnsPire,
- . , demanded of thial Govermient its
. . at to the 'surrender', .
of the' prmaner,
. " • vowal of thi acts of its. agent s,J' and
....
44action for the alleged , outrage. I , At
e " a ;careful . considerattim' of the mile, I
Lei to the contusion ihat Koiztal was
iielzed- without leol authiatit y at Smyrna ;
that be was wrongfully detained on board
the Aistrian '. brig: 01l War ;' , that at t e
iiine ir r his seizure, he }vas -chitbed w* b
i i
I t he tinnality.oftbaUnited States i - and -
that - 1 t acts rif . Our . officers, ,un
the cir Unistancee of the- _case, ' w e
jpstiftab , ancl.tbeir conduct him been f 1-
ly nipp wed iby ;.:and a ..complian
j i
with t sev, Id e ands atilt) Pepe F .
ut - has Wett, **fitted, • , .
' - Fur more full nt of this treu e
ei;
tionond my vieWs i regard to it, - 1. re r
to the . . corr4pon , between. t o ,
! Charge d'Aff inn Austria ` and; thil. -
mar?! St,"-aria," is 'herewith int'
il
ti '''
.1
' part aull ofta t il l. ri Y i!
- prePeC; i ) C 011.
ado reed.
THE. WILL OF THE PEOPLE IS THE
=MU
at. * di e time;
ale iniPort.lipt
Tut Ea r e?
we uurtisincte( l -.
CemminicTer
Seen' recently
eyed biraselt
' d
exteto
only :with
otherAziOic'
r
iisientto,
' , C9ifnittatr.:
ith that : i t o • nd..-
"okluf ;: -
hi . m; sr•
tho
$ 1 ,4 44 _ 4 1r ,41-11
liperor~
~nottp4444lo*:'
` 1 -
Tth trit eutr, -
be nn
`....1t has Imee my earneat . deirire 'to dui hi-,
4iii te reii4iy intercourse With the Geierna
menta' 'upon' this: continent; and - to "aid
tberni in - ,preserving geoid` underatanding
an 2 oPPlienitiolv4. ~ With, Mexicali dis
pute hay arisen, as to the true Ilhouodery;
line between our territery. of MVO' •MeXI:.
CO"atilt the Mexican', State Of Chihauhtio.
' A former Cokrimigsioner. of the •Ilnited
.States emplOyed in renniegthat,line put.
latent to the.treaty of Gaudalonpe: Hidal-,
go, made a serious mistake in determiti
ing_the, initial pointori the Rio. Grande,
but; =inasmuch as his.diciiiiim was clear
ly. a departure from the directions for tra
_eing the, boundary ceetained in that tree
ty,, and was not'eoncurred' in bY'a.eui'vey
or- appointed on -the - pert of the . United 1
States,whose:concurrence vies necessary
to give validity that. decisiOn, this-Grave •
ertunent wasnot cMicluded thereby ; but '
.that of MexiCo. : ;taltes a different view of
the subject; . ..• • '
isTThere are also other questions of ion
ii.tiable inittnitude'pending between'the.
wo Repliblics. 'Our Miaister in; Mexico
ens simple instructions to adjust
them.-
eghtiations have been,opened, but suf..
cient progress haS not hlen made there
in to enable me to spiiak of the probable
-result. Impressed with the - importance
of 'maintaining amicable .relations - with
that. Republic, and yielding with liberal-.
ity to all her . just Claims,- it is re Boilable,
to expect that un arrangement weeny
satisfactory...Ye - both countries ‘ i iniry be
concluded, and • U' lastit e ,w friendship, be
tween Them confirmed and perpetuated.
' Congress having: provided for a full
miasion to the States of Central America;
a minister was sent thither in. July last:
As yet.he has had time to visit - Only one
of these States, (Nicaragua,) Where - he
was received in the most, fiiendly -Man
ner. 'lt is hoped - that . .his presence mid_
gold offices will j h ares.- ?. /".'"I r - effecrin
.corworoglbe dissensions which prevail
among them,. and in -establishing stiff
more intimate and friendly relations be
tween them respectively, and between '
each.of them and the United states.
Considering the Vast regions of this
coutinent, and the number of Statei Which
would be made accessible by the free
navigation . of the river Amazon, particu
lar atteution has been given to this Sub- .
jeet. , Brazil, through . whose, territories
it passes into the ocean, has hitherto per
sisted in a policy so restrictive, in regard
to the use of 'this' river, as to obstruct,
and nearly exclude, foreign- commercial
intercourse with the States - which lie up
on its tributaries and upperbrinches.- - -
Our
,minister to that c ountry it: iigructed
..• •-
to obtain a relaxation of that policy, and '
and to use his efforts. to induce the Bra
zillian Government to- open to common ,
use,
„Under proper safegumds, this great
natural highway for international trade.
Seve al . of the South American States.'
111111411 el&Oply. ititsrt - oarlea ;1:. . ILL: e•l ' lt.arwri. 11....
secure the free pavigation of the Ama
zon and it is reasonable to expect their
co-operation . in the measure. •
..As the advantages of free
commercial
intercourse among nations are-better Un
derstood,- more liberal views are general
ly entertained as to'the common rights Of
all, to the free use of those means which
nature has for international corn-;
metrication. To these, moral, liberal and
enlightened views, i t is hoped that -Bra
zil- ill conform her policy, and remove
all . unnecessary restrictions upon the . free
use of irriver which traversers!so' many
States and SQ largo a part of the coed
neat. I. am happy to infoim you that the
Republic of Paraguay and the Argentine
Confederation haveyielded to the liberal.
policy still resisted by Brazil,- iu :regard
to: the. navigable rivers within their re-.
spective territories.. Treaties embracing
this subject .among others have been ne
gotiate -with these governments, which
will be submitted to the Senate at the
present session.: , • .
knew Branch ofcommerce, important
to tbe agricultural interests of the . United
Stales, has; within a few year) past, been
opened with Peru. Notwithstanding. the ,
inexhaustible deposits of: guano epee the
Wands , uf that countryreensiderable diffi
culties ars experienced--,in ; . obtaining the
requisite supply. Measures have n
taken to remove time difficulties; ato
seerue•a more s 'abundant importati n of
the. article: Unfortutinately tber has
a
been serious collision , between our eat-.
i fe
zees, who belie resorted to
,the Ch nehe
Islands for it, and Peruvian
~ . audio :ties
it
stationed there: -Redress fur the . ° tra-;
,ges, committed by, the latter, Was pit*ept
ly demanded by our , Minister at llama.
This subject is now under.. consideration, f
and there is reason to believe thatTeru
is disposed touffer adequate indemnity le
- tbe:aggrived parties.- , _ . !.
...-, We !radius not only peace with all ,
fcireigneOuntries; but, in regard td point
calaffairs,'are exempt from any cause , of
serious disquitude in our ; domestic relit
tions.
r: The controverses, which,have agitated
~the country heretofore, are passing away ..
with ihe ..canseti whieb produced • them
"anti thi- i iiissions .` which they: . had own , :
61 , 4 4; . orir.44 t race'of them reniOnii,
ir ma,y be ieationeb . iy, ,ii - elli:0 1 , i hat it will
irOlibe perceived in the - Zeritoter'.,si*lry
of all - imrd citizen, tetestiktheir Zeit - reek
for the righte . Of the Stat*their4eviition ,
to the Union, and their ' common ' determi
oation that each one of the Stlo4ll l i, its in- -
stutioni,,its welfare, --it - 4114i ' dameinib-
Tmaoe'ablell be held' alike seenkeimOni:the
aticted-Oesii, of the 09t4it.i!ili!*:' ..--, ' .
~ -' -This ! iew league :of amity Amok:Of inti,;-.
- . taut Confidence end k.:Ampliert, inco, - , which
iAielieople- of the Itepuboc hare eniered, - -
ihitipilteffordainthtettimeit'lenct,Oppertik• I
mity for-thoidOtation At* *re- :04MT ni•-'
heniutre uneinbastassed , lino; ot policy :ant .
;wino, - 1$ to the - great .uilitc:rial
,interesti
'43tibe l 'itiiiitti).: whether tiettitted ': in ,
i iiiithiiii .-, oem . lii. 66 . 440 ., . :pii . t . b . 506 topliv. , l
017ir i iti-iiiiutied!, - :,-- .- -
.-,,,-
:“ 1114''.,ribisof"0*iir4airebinetf
'44 iidli I ;i4.bLaiNtittileiritenitit*iglif
i ' .l'
i 4 4fi r ieteriiteryiwbteliihoir Thoth.
.
aOtret mint of diem May have been ..goes'.
:;,..147 ' - • 1.10
' -
TE SOURCE AND T.IIE- HAPPINESS ' OF. IIitEtTEOPLE' TAR'. TRUE- ENrt, Oh' QQRI~METT~
sr _ - .
E PA InnspAy: I)EGEMBER, - 15 4 -4853
-4.
MONTRO
MUZ3=I
dorm!, are now itnivertallyseen-ana ad
‘-p9Heriitst
in character; ancl;ti*lt
.446Mehtin,- ini
ranceitlant ;of our . l lntli:7l4,oi 4 t ? "-Tiltii it
of thnlyman race,-in t frackicim,:to pros,.
hapilitient.;jThe thirteen
States haye grown to be thirty-one, -with
relations robing fd gurciii*:-.'dit the one
aide, and the - tot htt - to' 'dna' iliffitanu
alas
I am ileeply sensible ofthe inamensere
aponsibility which the present magnitude
ofthe, Reptiblic,aud, the diversity and mul
tiplieity of its biter:eats; devolve open, me:
the alleviation cif - Wine fiti its relates
to'the irnmediete c_cond to!'- tbe public
bushits . is, first . , my re lance 'on the
wiiklci patriotiste of the two Rouges
of. Cuomos: ai4.secondly,.in the direc
tions, afforded me 'by the; princi lesinf
public penny: affirmed by - eur- fat te'of
tlie ;epoch of 1798,eaectiontid by lo ex
-perience; and -consectru anew .. b the
. ,
overwhelming ,voice of. thepeople, ef, the
United States.
`Recurring to'` these '0 (whic h
&institute `the organic ba a o Union, we
perceive that, vast as era efunctioniand
dutiesrof the 'FederaLlioverementOtes
ted in, or entrusted to, three great de
partments, the legislati*" executive, and
judicial, - , yet the - subitafitive. power,' the
popular force; and the\liirge - 'capacities
for social and inaterialdeVelop ent, exist
in the respective States,'which. all tielpg
of themselves well constituted 'republics,
. , ,
as they preceded-, so they alone' are
of maintaiing :end perpetuating,
the AMerican Union. • The Federal Gov
ernment has its appropriate line- of ac
tion in the specific and limited powers
conferred on it by theletinstitution, chief
ly ao. to those things in Which the - States,
have a' common iii,terest ja.their -muta
tions La tyidto .. toreign gov
ernments; while the` intereits which. be
long, to cultiiite&men, the 'ordinary. hul
iness of life, the springs of
thediversified persons" - and domestie 'af
fairs -of society, rest securely upon the
general reserved powers a the people of
the_ several State. 4. - There is the effective
Democracy of the nation;' and there is
the vital • existen ce _ of its being and
greatness. - _ '
- Of the practical consequences which
flow frointhe nature Of the Federal Gov
ernment, the priniar j yono is,. the duty of
- administering with integrity and fidelity
the high trust reposed in it by the Con- ,
stitution, especially intim application-of
the Public Fu oils, as -drawn by taxation
from, the, fid people, a appropriated to
specific objects by Copgress.., 'Happily I
have noticcasiob to.iuggese l any: radical
changes in the financial. policy of !the
Government; Ours is almost, if , not ab
solutely, tbe solitary ppwerOf Cluisten
dom having a surplus,revennedrawn im
mediately from imposts'in i - ommerce,
and iluirprn. ...ts"..l%.*.ei
ous enterprise and national prosperity of
theeduntry, with such indirect relatiiin to
agriculture ; manufactures, and. the pro
duct of the earth and sea, as to viOlata no
Constitutional doctrine, andlyet 'vigorous
ly proinotethe gener4 welfare. Neith
er as to the sources of the :public treaii
nre, nor as to.the manner of keepintand
managing it, -does anyigrave emtroversy,
now preSeut, there being , a general ao
'quiescence in the-Wisdom of
_Abe present
System. • - ! 'l' •f r
'The Report of the . Secretary of the
Treasury will exhihit,in detail, the state
of the publi c finances, tiiiii..the'condition of
the various blanches adios . Public service
adrninisterea by .that departpent of the
Government. 1
'Tho revenue of tlie!country; levied , , al
most insensibly-to the!tax payer, goes . on
from year to sear increasiPg..beYiind
either-the interests or the .prospective
"wants of the Cr overnnknt. • '
At the close of the i dscitl :yearending
June 30, 1852 there remained in the ,
Treasury It balance of ' fourteen million
six hundred and thirty - two thousand one
hundred and thhty-sixdollatu.. The pub
lic revenue for the fiscal year ending Tune
30, 1853, anionnting to,fiftY-eight million
Uinelundred and sixiy-five dollars from
eusfmn, and -tiVo million filar hundred and
five thousand acre° hundred and eight
dollars frotn public lands an't.l other inns
.cellaneous sources, amounting together
to sixty-one million 'three hundred and
thirty-severi thonsandl and ifivo hundred
a'nd seventy-four dollars p while the ;pub
lie expediturei for the same period, ex-'
elusive
elusive of payments.; on account of the
public debt, amounted to fOrty-thr6e mil
lion five hundrel and fifty-four thousatul
- two hundred and sixty-two idocdlars; leav
ing a palanceof thirty-two million four
hundred and forty seven dullam of re
ceipts above exiiendititres.
Thii fact; ortneretiiini Surplus. in the
Treast34,,ltecatne' the auldect. of anxious
'consideraticin at a very early period of my
Administration,..mul thepath of duty •tu
-regard to 'it seemed to , me obvious and
clear, namely:. first, to apply the surplus
rev ethic to the discharge' of • the Public
'Debt, so far as it iouldj!liciously hp
done 1 - alai, imeandly,l to devise.means for
the gradnal redEiction alba - .revenue to
the standard of.the Fiublieexigenclei.
: ttitf these-objecti,the first hes :been in
the. course of accoinplishment, n titan
tier atutio a degree'4ighly"satisfactory. ..
,The.atnnitnt iorthe Public ~Debt; ,of all
•ilasses,wBgolllhe .ith of March, 1853,
sixty nine Milli9D ` 01+_hundred and fine'
ty thousand tuadiltirti seven dollara; pay
rents on account elt - which hive:- been
remote, Pieiee'thit perina; the : amount Id
twelvemillieoe fle - vee r himared. *Da three,.
theittlto 14,0 bun °l' d twePit `nin e
do)htr,p.lett+int, traria (i; -
Rua, in ' t demi-,
iiiitious:aiiterse of voiaation, and in Ihi"
inihiliffiftysbutnillioplearthunatetLno
etglitt six:thousand 'and *cm buir,
enditaglik il-Ribirst,,i'n ' • . PffirsoL , a IT.
Ommakiptlikst,htuit'e rim • arthe
itireepeettya ihametko eine
~ iveleeh eF,
'Gael iiithipeid Otiniiinneitaliflirt:.
ie TreappiNlind homat 40040
liackflova °reigns' atilicr to 1 1 100 lier
tberhate incidentally Wm* At? the
' . ; :t. - t --- 1 --: -i •
. mcitiej,eeketand "-e
the . i •
ndustri al: . ,. „ and
comoictitlliuitlith sttie.etitry.-,
•
.., , r heAcopant the Aborommigipaed - oh-
Jeotttf, that,o(the -Tariff', ikoftgreatiroPgr
titnAe_ ainl,tlie:platk suggested by the: see
,ret Of th 4 . Treasnry. which is to reduce
1 ),le u.tieso cortai,o-artiOleii sod .Pk add to- e
at
, free ' t many articles- now taxed,
and , pecially sech as enter in . .intirinfitc- . ,
tur, and are not largely,. or' t ell, pro- -
'tlui.,. i n the enentry, is commend ed
tq
Yowl Pan A l l .a a.carerul consideratie n .
Y u will find in the Report of the Sec
lrettto ' h ef.the . Treast else, -.abundant
pro . , ti entire adequ yof the ,present
fisca systole to meet all the requirements
of this public service, - and ; that, while , pro
perli administered, it, operates, to .t he ad-
,vantage of lbo'cogunuoltY., in ordiparyhu
siness relations. , : . , _ ..
',respectful)) , ask Y9ur l ir t
attentioo:sun
dry Suggestions of improvements, in the ,
settlement of accounts, i especially as re
gards the large sums of. 'Oetstanding ar
rears; due to the Government, and .of
. eth-:
er reforms in the adininisirative 'action of
his department, whirl are
.` indicated by'
the Secretary ; as _ also to the progress
made the construction' of ' Marine Res-,
pit als, Custom:Houses, and 'o f a nevi Mint
in California, dtid'Aisay offi ce in the city
o f New York, beretaore'lirovideii - fit . by
Congrees, and also to the eininentlystic- -
'kessfut progress of the Coase,Surv.eY, ; and
of the Light:House Board.''_'' - -''- • ' .
Among objects' meriting, your attention
'will be irepoelant recommenthitione from
- the Secretaries of War and' Navy. ' . I am
fully satisfied that the Navy' f the United
States .is not in a condition of Strength
and efficacy commensurate with the ma.g
nitude of our' commercial' and other in
' : and
terests ;commend to yoUr especial.
arteniion- rurrsuggestions-to, 11 iift t. (Ellett
made by the Secretary of the Navy; 1
respectfully submit that the Army, which,
under our systern i ninsi cilways b e regard
ed with the highest interest as a nucleus
`around which the '.volunteer forces of the
nation gatherin the hotir of danger, 're
quires augmentation, or, modification, to
adapt it .to the present I extended limits
'Of the. country, and . the,Condit ion of -the
Indian tribes in the of the conti
nent ; the necessity of which will appear
in the communications of -the Secretary
or War and - the Interior:: :. -
In the administration cif the PostiOffiee
Department for, the. fisOal year ending
-
June 30th, 1853, the gross expenditure
.was seven million nine hundred and eighty
two thousand Seven hundred,and filly-six
dollars; • and the grossrecippts, -during
the same period ; five million n ine hundred
and-. orty-t W./ • thousand- mien , hundred
and. t h irty -four dollirs; shoviing that the
f
current revenue .failed to meet' the cur
rent. expenses of the department by the
sun) of two trillion forty-two thousandiand
thirtY.two- dollars. - - •The causes _
wflich, 1
.......3..---.1---e----.•••-.41.tastillii. alawS,
led Inevitably to, this teen t,iare tiny ex- -
plained by the Report of the,Post Master
General ; one great cause be ng the enor
.nsouis rates the department:s been com
pelled ' to- pay. for mail -spiv' }rendered
.hy Railroad Companies. .• -: L. - _
- • The exhibit-in - the Ripor of the Post
h,,,
Master General of the incom and expen
ditnres by mail steamers Jv 11, bii .._ found
peculiarly interesting, and of a.Chtinicter
to demand the immediate action-of Con
gress.. -. :, • ' _ ,-...: .1= , :i• ' -..
- • Numerous and; flagrant frnudsnprin the .
Pension Btirean have been, brought to
light irithin the past ye'r, ind,.; in some
instances merited,.. . pun ishment inflicted ;
but ely ,-
unfortunatm. o f ers, guilty per
-1
ties have escaped,.. ..not through the , want.
of siifficient evidence to warrant a convic
tion, but in Consequenceofthe provisions
of limitation in, the existing laws. . .
From 'the nature of ; - these claims, the
remoteness of 'the tribunala tO pass upon
them and themode in-which the proof is,
of necessity,' furniShed , :temptations . to
crime have been great y stimulated hy the
obvioes di ffi culties. of e ectirai. - 'The de
feets'in the law upon 1 , his subject are so
apparent end , so fatatto . the coda, Ofius
tice, that your: early action. relating to . it
is mpst-desi rabic:3 * ''' „ '- , .
piping the last 6sca . year, ne.,Mal
lione 'eight hundred and incieen'thodsand
four hundred and eleve n a cres of thepub
m
lic tands'hare been sury • - ecl; and ten trill-
lions three lnindred'andii*tY-threelltiiii
sandeigbt hundred• and idnety-rotieracres
bionght inth Marker:' WithiwthicsaMe
period .the sales by public Pureltaie' and
private• entry amounted te- ;one: million
ei . glity-three thousand four hundred and
ninety-five' acres ; lochted-' on military
bounty land warrants, six' - millions, one
hundred and forty-two thousand *three
hundred:and 'siitty acres . ; - li)Cated under
other certideates,.nine thotisand four him;
dreg and twenty-seven acrev ceded to
the Stams as swamp lands, sixteen million
six hutrdred and eighty-four thousandlwo ::
•hundred and , fifty-three acrett;": selected
for railroad and other oldeet:A, underAicts
of:-Congress, one,- million lour,- hundred:
and . twenty-seven: thousand foer, hundred
and ftfty‘seen' iteres. :Total amotint r ., of
lands-disposed. of within thefiscal,year,
I w4tity , ftve millions. three I hundred ::a f tni
fo -y-sti thotilend 'nine hundred and nine::
ty•twO aeres4=aitlhicli it- aw.incrotad in
qu ntity bold - and.located under land War
--
rants :and granta l pf.twelre,millions titio,
,:bundred , ana , thirty-one thouStriid '---eight
hundred and'eigbicen iticro,mter the ifs:: :
Cal year iminediatelf • Pireegaine'Vbe
quantity . or land 014
.444' thti:seetmd
and ,t.b1i.4. - I_4o - kii .
of,io6g; was : illiti:
undr‘cl . : : Sad thirtY-tille' - thinisandlotir
lin . oiiainalifty 7 oilk i tiCrpt!' ":' . crtleliiiiiiiiiie
PMive4:;i ll - l i6 3 l4 ll *.as:i'x", - -' l_ WeV - Ola'
,wfliity-t1ipi6..thi0.504:ix..h.404,4.c . ii,i. - d , ,
, 414 . 40!ever.,1 : 4 4. 1 1 4 ** ,- 37.6*. 4 i4lititriteila'•
1 4 14p f l Eg#t4) liP4;:iliiiii:'4illktlefr4 '.0 43 k?
-wait spia 1004)4 sitliuvii4,44lfitAlatitr
-fh':11!--41,00;41.6ift- P l , l -I!fecti'
H.., • t#1.440-Ir44l4AciArktiOrPK
*o f i ll govionko , .ifettrotv., t .1 1 $
1 oitimim elgtfit! ~ -,,..Aptteripit -1-1 k,
t 4
~40.0411:4::, ;, .-- '.. ..-. 4 .7.- w i1....,:-:12::::.-::.:-.... . , ,,
..i d i g xvtotcmiys '.4 4.4..*ffiu-.
i.s4 - undii eiwin t
~a ..; - 'W:tls,llo.*
f.~. •~.i..+:..w..i
z -
•~r~_
-:
1 - s .. :ji , <“ ;
" Z.c.,•14.--...V =lra,
_ cut
- ‘r4)
, ~,„ „
~,,,,,, ~ .-...,.., .: ..,
aoth orsekte.mex.Plitr . ITP , t "Mbundredl
and ujit,,Y;ox ttimiSat# Illin t 41 Y` C ”; 6,4
1 ' 4001 ,4 thera * ere .',-o i r , C.#. l '-r a ßts,,
'fur four million ,
ti, et' bdadrlloBPa'-,aßteu-ii
j
ti el.ght 7 o o usalid' nell ,P r igroOiktrC.4 -
ty acre ,
,-,‘. - • ,
s;
Yi P artitutu.bave been Einufa t o aoti;ti , p-?'
tenaber last unilei tho RA ,o 1 lltit Fehre
arY, 1847, calling,fur ttiEfte million ,el,lot
hundred- ilea 4eventY nine thousand tyre
hundred tiiidiiiiity Ife t r4l‘ tinder 'act; 4
SepteMber 28, 1 8 5P:tuia March 22, 1852
calling for twelve rnilliOn r fivo hundred
five thousand three linndied 'and ` sixty
acres—making-a total ofivienii;fiye 01-
lion tlo'dO hundred and eighty - four pow
'andsix hundred and forty, acres. • "-
It is believed*at experiente has verit
fied the wisdom aeil - justice • of the Pies
mit system, With;regard to tile Public di,-
main,'in most eSeential - particulars. ' : 1
You willpercieve, rom the report of
the Secretary of the Interior, •
that opin
ions, whieh have Often been expressed,,in
relation to the operation, of lto - land spa
teni, as not'being a tinitrce'cif revenue to
the Federal Treasury, were ' errene6ns. ,
The net profits froin the-sale of tile pub
lic Jambi' to 'Jnne '3o;i-1863 amounted too
the auto of fifty-three' Mil ion 1 two tun
dreir and eighty nine tiniasaul ,
f lour him-.
i
dre and sixty - five dollars. ' - -
I recommend the extelAutt of the
land system over the territories of 'Mat
' and New-Mexi6e,;:vitheueb medificitie4
as theii 'peculiarities may require: ' '
Regarding the public &main as "at,ef
ly valuableto provide homes forthe l t
recommend any
and enterprising, I ern nor pre
pared to any es sential change
in tbe land system, except .`:by modifica
tions in favor of the actual Settler, and: an
extension of the preempt n - principle in
..... ow tosses, int reirson reherr-gccarna
which wt Ibe fully e elo in the re
ports to be laid before you. - -
Congress, representing it 'proprietors
of the territorial doinaim and charged es
pecially with Power to dispose of territo
ry belonging to the United States, has,
fora.long course of years, beginning with
the administration of Mr. Jefferson, exer
cised the power to construct roads with
in the Territorie.s; and there are so many
and obvicius distinctions between this ex-
ercise of power and that of makingroads
within the State's, - that'the' former has
never been considered subject to-such (Ai,
jections as apply ro theletter, and sueh
may now ,be 'considered the settled con-'
struction af tbe powers of the Federal
Govern eat. ,- - -.. I -
Numerous applications havabeen. and
no doubt Fwill continue to bo - Made 'for
grants 4 . ..!and, in aid of the construction
of railways. It - ia - 'nor bellived- to be
within the intent and meaning'of tbe Con
stitution that the power to dispose of the
public domain should be usedotheririse
than might be expected from a prudent
• roprietor, = and, therefore, that - erentsFof
should' - be restricted - -to , eases..*l - Ere
would be'for the interest4 - the proprie
tor, under like' circionstances, ' thus:' to
- ,
contribute to the cinrstruction of, these
Works.. 'For 411e-'practical =operation 'of
such grants thus For t in idianeing the
of. the StitFeii!in `which the Works
are loctited,and at the same tune the'sol)=
atantial - -interesti- qf'all the - otberstates,
by enhancing the value and promoting
therapid stile of the 'public dortiiiii i rl re- -
.i. you to theltnport.of the Secretary of
tiae late'or: A' cat l efoi._‘..einfoloation,
howeirer, will show ' that this'experitcet
late'
or:..
the res it'of .a just disciitninethine. nd
will be far from affording en,oltel!genrrit
to a reckless or indiscrimi nate e.lttensicini
of the principle. - • i ' ;, .. -. . 1
4i
I commend-, your fait rable conlider- 11
etion the men of genius J')f.• our 00 0 0 try,.,
;who; their inventions - net discoveries !
in science an dart , ,hav 6 ‘ 9 trib4f . Pilla:r.ge -
Iy , in the impforen3ents o :the7ngi l vlth-
nut, in many instan cos, se, uitnifor thein
i
selves anything; like an a equate . reWard.
For many interesting d taila_ iiiion 'this
Subject I refer you to .the apPrOpriate re-..
Port?, and especially iir : .upon yourear
ly. attention the . apparent y slight re
gi
oily important niodificatinus' of eilstink
laws therein suggested. 'lr ' - -:- •.' ;- --_
, The' , liberal-jspli-it which' has 'SOT Inng
rearhedihenetton of Peilgreli fifreletion
:to' the'Distriet - Of COluMbia; veiltq have
no doubt continue - to he nintufeira -,-
-,' The erection of ea asytuni orthe In,
• -. I"' ' -
sane
,the kb rtc o
. t.? n _ te, an,, o
or li* i-tf C' I itih ' - ' ;4 l. f
the Artnyand:NivY 9f
. thia,:tfulteA States,
hai..heen somewhat ictardixti but fall
1
.preOliationibr _the receP, ititt of Paients,
heron; the r e turn or ano'her *inter,' 'is
anticipated; nntlihere - ii be . best, Teasel];
to beliece,.fretn'the plan - TA eiiiii4itil*-:
ed. arrangeriTti,which_ h ve'beti...de*is-.
ed, :with the' argil,- e*peri nat . ' furniaJW
. within the . _last f'eW - yea' ,;,t in, relation to,
the nature aed-trelttintnt'of - thee'diaiiSe,
that it 'will, prove' ee 'as Tuni'intleed- -. to
this most l!el,Pte's.. -7 .iiti# p ittia:,:clais'
'sufferers, antistanct,4 .i'itotile:inon- -
•of wisilont'..'end reereY; ' ' - ''' .- ::- r
Under: the ioeot c irois - 't A
31st 'lBo , and' or lt treh 34, 4 185.
si t tned tre See:are: O r the 'citit*-of' 1
ingtnit.and LO:COrgetOWti_ tin tiliit whirr
,ply ; good tioa:Whtilitihine , w ,tithr t :
. camePlil4l,Y . t,ii.ettntine'.llle . repi , l
'plans - 14".the'en4ineei..'Who'hint Chit'
t he..intrileya - inder' the itetilrit-netrill
:The :best, ifizot.4liii=linlfi)litti. 'Cale,'
..tp:faktlili.perrilifielAliftho.oWOCt , at
iiiiii:ihiii. 14 1 011101' iiinterelratiteS ittitil
F a
34 4 6' 7 664114- 0 -- 41,u1Wiir;tiii
'irlic, a nd, eiiii(lli - fljr;l:.#o - e_it...4o.
.P!'" , ..ai'v ,-: - - :-- •. .' ' '
- Vor thei - tirdsotra::4 'mid present
'of' :We Ili l / 94 1"V: 4 4FIC :11 P 01-1 f 0 T• 1
.i ti 6 * *6 ::- Ari& 4 41"*!qiiktigilc . "i'
.._* - iteiNlketiir , - . listt swili t i.,,*tioil
‘•Siicake - tb.44tWaiV-4' - .:3:itk.34 - - .. - 0; ~.i.
?"The,_fisieFityinehOiiiiiii*oftib
'td ) stii ' 7 , 4 , 00:441ii*ibfiipaiiii
•40 - I(:iiiit .iiettoillit'lliiigiOdi, liilv
'tekliktttlifiolf:iiiil4* - 4. 1-- 4 ,- 44
..iii,AitiOnti* , 1 1 ,!, , f4w 7 A .iiili
iliw . - • i= . :4oF 4 riblie- - poßritSlio‘. - .;
[''wweasitrioy.****4 l- 4oulti ,
Ai - irgitkqtant4utiti.v*****i
~.: •, , ,?.L0e.. , -,.0..:-.A , .. , ,
.0„-• , •:: ,- , t-kty -,_::: -
.ti
-It- -
8 fur Y!'t*-
risefie4).t . .:' the Oarielei:'.tiiiiitt
than', difihundted ore..
. that , 31eOge
ted Abe, 4itHellitYg
operitipee- - ef the-, o l?tii'll.tglett
consti:ueTtionof the constitution's
:1798, .thark . as ran: a
dt
Pro( 4. -4 o,l*-ne!.esstti4olg.944:liif:;!
striitlleqtWitsteePleo v i
authorkt,y-0. Pisce:d4tAiTilitOti
“not:ehe sinctimi.of
P9 l Yeri.,,
Our.: Government'.: exists under T%
ten 9(nP#q,,J)eq%;cen -
Unit inif`fqr
elfie gFtmekletkelr.r*r# l l; l '
thin. in . the prOgre*,
there,hikve
the' terms'; and l of t
sin' over t4.o,per't
-to qui fii4 - )l!ailaajl..-NvhlF4
us, 'and to -iiinke:e. li
t'ern.,f;
form ee - r, action
that' the fac t o f a prhicteli;
,_
resisteT from the bgat by
wisest an most patri 4., po i J
, public, and a poliqh ying
stunt strife. without nil+
sion'hick: al lie 4e' ! , 7 a
ry to
snie:st
tiot:be pinfilikelY tt)-fbii=
haripier result's. 'Mit 'Oneiii
sound - distinekkin;'iiriiitetidi
aniPri'lcif4e46lso M 1 to ii
needed `the.--p eetinti
comnierce, which
i :'
.4' ,s tor;
,
to mprovements, tut,.
the 'irotectiOn
submit-16.y0u whe t
NI . •
safely unticipatealli tviftin
once settled..ntimst, ,, :aptitm
the- - GeneraliG .
_pm'veinentifor the' e
localitiesy requiring
nnt. by ttindes and'
eat t C_l