VOLUME XXVI.
The brietless Barrister.
DY JOHN O- SASE.
An attorney was taking ikturn,
In shabby habiliments drest ;
His coat it was sliockirigly worn,
And The rust bad invested hts vest.
liisbreeches had suffered a breach;
His linen and worsted were wore
13e had scarce a whole crown in his bat,
And not. a half crown in his purse,
Mid thus as he wandered along,
A cheerless and comfortla:s elf,
lle sought for relief in a Ring,
Or complainingly talked to himself.
" unfortunate man that I am
I've never ikclient, but grief ;
The case is I've no case at all,
And in brief, I've ne'er had alrief!
" I've waited and waited in vain)
Expectingiin opening to find
Where an honest young lawyer might gain .
Some reward for the toil of his mind.
"'Tits not that I'm wanting. in law,
~.Or lack an intelligent face,
That others have causes to plead.
While I hake to plead for a case.
",0, how can a modest young man , .
E'er hope for the smallest progression---.
\ t,"
TI e profession's niready so full . • .
f lawyers so - full of profession r •
While thus be was strolling around, °
His eye accidentally fell
On a very deep hole in the grourtd.
And he sighed to hanself, - It is well '''
To curb his emotions he sat
On the curb-stone the space of a minute
Then cried -here's an opening at last
And_ in less than a jiffy wasit ,it
Next morning twelve citizens came,
("Twai the coroner bid them attend,) ' •
il l,/
To the en 'that it might be determined
y
How t e man had determined his end!
~ .
• The &
an wtt: a lawyer I hear: -
Wan the toreman who -at on the cor...c,
" .6. lawyer I . Ala,! .. .'....,#.. id another,
...He undoubtedly died of :remorse."
A third said -He knew' the deceased. -,
An attorney well versed in the laws; i
Andas to the C:111u of his death—
Tan- no doubt from the 'want of a caihme.
Ihe jars deckled at length,
Aft'er weighin!g: the fuatter,-.
That Ilie.lawjut c•as (h.,,N% Ireca.u.s.e .
s lie could aLA keel, hi het,l'above water'".
From the Clevelana Main Dealer.
A WRETCHED SCENE.
In those ears of ntiie•, •
Tho..r.e credulq ear:. he poured the =a c-ete:t words
That art or loNe could frame."
Cleveland already abound,: in all the incidents
p, , cnliar to lafgr eith•., and winch wake life .-iiher
wr,eraLde ur,mtoletahle, Altu.,:k transpires winch
never sees the light, ara'l tiaam <ern^s etmatt - 41,
'known in li.itited circles, whrci. do n ot 6 - e t In t o ; the
public prints.
A eas- of melancholy interest. to one of the par
ties, at lea,t. i.ertirred here the other day, whirh
we 1% is re;ale for the public good. A t ouug lady
arrived here from the State of. New York, on ' , her
way mote the !... , JatilelTl part of the State, whither
t-t. It'a- L: , ,iltiz to amsurnmate a mar I,m contract
,euiersd alto,
, S 1 klll ten . since. ler intended'
i
e.ars
was a vt...az mai Who had' been bon and reared
te,,r her .f.elier's residence, but v. 114. in all things
4iai ma. sou the -. old folks.," and cons fluently they
--eri
vi , , , the match. .The result w s, the y( s putig
,1.4..
!can ief , ‘ the wary, ry, but ha m
s kept u a ost ',inti
sinate correspondence with the lady •1. since i un
td last summer be wrote to her tha as she could
not - be married at home she had Letter meet him
at , in this State, in the month of Atiiiiist,
and be married. To this she con.sent led, but it4is
found inconvenient for her to leave lkinie at 'A t
i
time, and the did not arrive on her nifission of !4e
until a few dayt: since. . - : i
, 1.
She stopped at.ozie of our best hotels, prepara
tory to he' voyge south. She appeared ehce4il,
'was exceedingly well dressed. sported a gold whcli
and other parapheinalia peculiar to the . ‘gentilitS."
Previous to her departure, }she stepped 'intil.; le
1 .1
Telegraph' office to inform her lover, who - waS ri
operator himself, stationed in a Southern offieebn
the same line, that she had got so far on her ljt-y :
ou.s way, and would like to hear from him at !t l. is
point. After her despatch was sent and waitifil a
reply, one of the operators who was van- well ac
quainted with her intended. remarked, that i tie
young gentleman to whom she had stmt her Mes
sage had fallen into a "streak of luck." The htidy
was observed, to startle considerably. and a..4d
what be meant -by a "streak of f luck." • lie itsild
her that the young man was married. She ! 411
back in her chair and fainted, almost iti`staritty.l-m-
The operator's and clerks were much frightened,
but managed to briug her tO by the use of wathr.
She Could not believe the report, and requested
Them to telegraph again and secertain the trutli..:—
The operator stepped to the key, cal)ed the tifilete
of the ycumg man, :but found him. not in. A s t reak
in the office, hpwever, answered the message,ray
ing. Mr- -- r -,-4- was actually married on the I,lth
of October, and was then "keeping house." When
. this was rend to the weeping lady. she instantly
Swooned stilly. again, and for a time seethed finite
/irelem FAA/ was resuscitated, and taken to 4 ho
tel in a most frantic condition, where for rriany
days she remai .4 nod entirely insane.
' 1,,
"Oh, grief beyond all other griefs, when fate
First leaves the young heart dosolate
lirttie wide world, without that only tin
For which it wished to live or eared to die!'
Kind We and-time, that curer of most heith's
diseases, have aow nearly restored her. She. ex
hibits letters showing with what fidelity she Iliad
trusted in the one now false to her; that durino
the ten years of their meager lent she had reftwea
several offers ; had furnished her, betrothed mobey,
her parents being rich and he poor ; had endered
the contumely of. her friends at home opposed to
the match-, and All, all for ins sake. She is nOW in
out city among strangers, alone, as it were, mi the,
world, having clandestinely left- et father's roof to
meet her lover, lad' tie* deSerted by him.; heric.on;
stitutiim shattered and her spirit broken. Iffirth
seldom produces in human form to misstabl# an
object. No Wonder she went mad: ,
- "Her wretched brain gave wayk
And she became a wreck at nuninnt drivon 4 l
Without one glimpse of reason ur of heaven."
She is now better, but the picture of • dembla .
Young men can here see the danger of tiitling with
such affections, yea, the dark isimof ,cr,eadrig Airpea
or raising expectations in a heart too erne and:
filing to survive such disappointment!•
. ,
The tiuMber of Ronian.eatholics in England ~ i s'
estimated at threetuillionc- '7l
"THE WILL OF THE PEOPLE IS THE LEGITIMATE SOURCE, AND THE HAPPINESS OF THE PEOPLE THE TRUE EN
REPORT
OF SECRETARY OF TREASURY.
We givebelow, at the expense of our usual va>
riety, the able Report of Secretary Corwin. It is
the last of the important documents from the heads
of Departments that will be .presented during the
pre4ent session of Congress, and should be perused
- with care and attention by all who desire to be
come acquainted with the finances of the nation.—
For, the benefit of such radars as are unwilling to
wade throe /
the colums of a long document, we
have ma, a synopsis of the statistical and other
Ex3rtioui of the report, the details of which are nor'
ofia(m ediate interest to our readers. That portion
of / it:which relates to home Industry we have given
in full, and it will be found particulaily clear, able
and interesting.
RECEIPTS:AND EXPENDITT:ILM
The gross receipts from all sources during the
fiscal year ending June 30th, 1850, inclusive of the
balance in the, Treasury on the Ist of July, 1849,
were $:49,606;718.
The expenditures for The same fiscal year. a
mounted in all ,to N 8,002.169.
Balance in the Treasury, July 15t,..1850,
604,544.
TIXE ESTIMATES FOIL 1851
The receipts for the fiscal year ending Jane 30,
1851, are estimated in all at :$47,258,996. The ex
penditures at "648,124,998.
THE WORK DONE
The Collectors of Customs and Surveyors of in
terior ports: have been made depositaries and have
given bonds as such. A statement •has been ob
tained, sholing the amount of money expended in
each Custotn Rouse, and the number and salaries
of persons employed. The arrangements connect
ed-with the co!leetion of duties on the Pacific have
been fully attended to. The Secretary has sub
mitted estimates for the Revenue Service, on a ba•
sis of tWenty revenue vessels.
TnE PUBLIC DEBT
On the :3 1 41th of November la..t, the Public Debt
was $64.2±£,22,5.
Tut . . YLAL:.. 183;2.
The estimated expenditures fur the year •1832
-
arc $48,124,D0§.
FIIAL DS UTON TUL RETTNUTE.
The Secretary saw, that the provisions of the
act of July, 1836. have'been found insufficient for
the prevention of frauds and underv,aluations.—
Theee frauds demand the immediate Aupervis,ion of
Congress. They ha% e been, and continue to be.
systematically perpdtrated, and are confined nei
ther to one class of articles, one market, or one
port of the united State... He earnestly urges up
,,n Congre.L.s to inquire into the peactical operation
of our present system of imposing duties upon the
foren cost or values of Merchandi , e, being- fully
catistied that the longer it is continued the strom%
er will be the inducements for the commission of
frauds,
TAL IMPOraS AND 111 E PußLil DEIiT
The estimated receipts from engtorns, us present
ed for the remainder of the current year, and for
the year ending ::oth Jane. 13Z,2, are based upon
tare ,vatirmance of the present are amount of im
port•=. Aside from our increased expenditures, and
exclusive of estimated purchase'r,f stock, we have
to provide for 5i:220.952 St 9 of the public debt
which matures within the next two fiscal years.
Homu T snrsnts.
The system of ad valorem duties, however well
adapted to many articles of trade, when applied to
all Vithout discrimination, rest riction, or =afe-guard,
has been proved by the experience of this depart-
Merit., to be subject to many and strong objections.
Its tendency is to cherish a system of overtrading
greatly injurious to the indu,try of our own coun
try in all its departments. and; in its final results,
fatal to the revenue. Cousidering this system only
in its operation upon revenue, it is believed that
the experience of the 'mist enlightened commercial
nations of Europe bas.proved it to be impolitic and
unsafe. Umler the crieration of the British lariff,
revised in 1846, the h hole revenue derived front
articles paying ad vai ern duties has been only an
average of abort )119 0182.000) per annum:
in a gross, receipt: , fri in CUQIOMS of -. 4 :22.000,000
(.. , :zioz,..000,000) being PS3 than oste : fiyM of one per
ecat. of this immense i come from imposts, and the
evident design rif Pas lament was to make eprritir
duties the source of r venue from imposts, so far
as it possibly could be effected. A like whey has
also been pursued by he other commercial nations
of Europe.
The primary object to be kept in view in levy
ing duties upon Imp s is admitted to be revenue.
It ii equally well esta.ilkhed as the policy and du
ty of the Government o to discriminate in the le-
1 7 ying of duties, as, ojithe.nt falling below the ne
cessary amount of reitenne, to give the greatest
encouragement possibFt to all the industtial pur.
'suits of our own p . eople. One feature of the law of
18441, in the opinion of this Department, is opposed
to both the controlling principles just stated. I
have reference to an equal or higher'rate of duty
on the raw material than upon the manufactured
article of which it is composed. Such proyititnis
certainly talie from the manufacturer and artisab
that encouragement which the present law doubt
less, to some extent, was intended to afford, and .
also check the importation of the raw material to
a degiee detrimental to the revenue.' The con
stant fluctuations in prices, and consequently in the
duties, under any, unrestricted ad valorem tariff,
give to the act' of 1848 . that most objectionable
feature, instability., These variations giving a high
duty when least required, and low duties when
prices are ruinous. tend to an excess of importa
tions, and subject all the products of labor in
our own country to the frequent and enormous
fluctuations in the Markets abroad, arising from the
disturbed conditionl of those nations with whom our
foreign commerce is chiefly carried on.
tinder the present system duties are highest
when the article I imported is highest; and when the
,purl hater and consumer can least afford to pay the
duty; and lowest When the price of the article
wanted would allow a heavy additional duty to be
levied on it. Thus, if an article cost $lO, a duty
of thirty per cent. would compel an addition of $3,
and if that, article falli in value to $5, then is the
duty reduced one-half.
That cannot be a wholesome system of taxation
wliich follows the consumer in his purchases ; in
crking,his burden when prices are high, and ta
kin it off as prices fall and his ability to boar it
0 1 3
incr ses. If applied to articles of subsists n , it
w Id operate as a heavy tax urn bread ins ear
of lee, increasing with the intensity of th evil
and! gradually. disappearing with the retur - of
Abundance.l . -
I The objection to. the *client system, from the
clortunercial fluctuations ns prices, is constantly, for-
Cid upon the attention of the Department by in
stances ef extreirikinqiiiility and prejudicial.ope
riition.-;.'fbe European price of iron was, in 1846,
greatly above that Whictifbas prevailed for the last
r, w i, years., If the dales; upon . bar iron have been
levied in strict acceicl witPoreign cost, they could
"tit be hats little ism' than one - halfa irhat
they welt lit 1846. Byl this protest, besides thit
MONTROSE, PENN'A., TAMSDAY, JANUARY 2, 1851.
immense injury inflicted upon domestic industry,
our revenue is made to fluctuate with the accidents
and revulsion* in foreign commerce, rind these Rai
dents and fluctuations, which originate abroad, are
imported with their attendant mischiefs.
Our revenue, as already stated, must be mainly•
dependent on.duties on imports. Those imports
from abroad can only be paid for by exports made
up of the products of our labor in-all its varieties,
or in the precious metals. If our.imports shall ex
ceed-the value of our exports abroad in any given
year, to the extent lA . such excess do we create
foreign debt. If this operation be repeated for on-'
a few years, it is obvious that it will effect the
withdrawal from us of a quantity of the precious
metats equal, or nearly so, to the amount of the
accumulated debt, bringing with it bankruptcy in
all departments of bUsiness, consequent inability to
purchase foreign goods, and thus, for the time,
causing a ruinous depression in the receipts into
the treasury. It then becomes equally the duty
of Congress and the interests of the people (if pos
sible) so to regulate imports as to confine the im
portations into this country to an amount about
equal to -such exports of our own as can find a mar
ket nt remunerative prices abroad. The pare state
ment of the foregoing well established
in
of
trade would seem to furnish a safe guide in all leg
isla.ion on the subject.
Whilst importations should be secured in a-
Amok sufficient at a practical rate of duties to sup
-1.4y the \ wants of the trea.suiv such duties should
14 adjusted in a manner to ;tic'. favorably all in
destrial pursuits at home. If duties on the neces
sary importations should have the effect to impair
the ability of the mass of the people to purchase
and pay for foreign goods, then importations to
that extent must cease, and in consequence the rev
enue to an equal amount would be diminished.
It is believed that our own experience has shown
that our exports cannot be greatly extended, as
some have supposed. by low duties upon foieign
goods in our ports. It is a tact. within the obser
vation of all, that merchants- and ship-owners are
ever vigilent and' alert, with all the knowledge
which interest can impart, and all the skill which
experience can supply, to send abroad any and ev
ery product of this country which can . any -where
find a profitable market. These agencies, which
are always active, extend our export traffic at
all times to the utmost limit of advantage to the
producer or earner. Hat any time a given article
of export should be carried beyond the foreign de
mand, reduced prices, the invariable result of ()Ter
supply, brings loss upon all concerned. If a for
eign article is in like manner forced upon our own
market beyond the required supply, the effect of
, reduced prices, while it inflicts often ruinous losses
• -Upon the importer from abroad, is felt by those en
gaged in producing the like article at home, in con
sequences tenfold mere injurious, as the reduction
of price in our own market extends to and affects
the entire labor of the whole country, which may
be employed iu such manufaettire or pit:elections.
whi:e the ininry is temporary and limited in
its effects upon the importer, it is often lasting and
widely extended upon the labor of our own peo
ple. We see and feel it in the sudden breaking up
of establishments not yet sustained by an amount
of capital which can afford to encounter temporary
suspiiusion of sales and reduced, prices, or not yet
worked with that skill and economy which long
experience alone can impart. In such instances
; s ho t - i s suddenly withdrawn -. from a divervity of
pursuits, and driven to the production in a limited
sphere this again brings an over-supply of what
ever may be produced by the common employ
inents._while.iii the end it leaves thAaarket of the
article, whatever it may be, the production of
which has been abandoned at home, at the mercy
of the foreign supply alone.
The result in the end, to the consumer, is invari
ably a rise in the price of such article, and there
being no competition witk the foreign producer, he
has possession of the market, and of course, sup
plies it at the highest price which the demand7will
give him. His prices and profit, unchecked by
competition in such cases, continue to rise with the
increased demand and diminished home supply.
The operation :and effect of these laws of labor
and trade, it is believed, have been frequently and
palpably exhibited iu the history of our country,—
it is from such experience that the general princi
ples upon which our tariff laws are based have be
come the common opinions of the people. Bence
the almost 'universal impression in our country pre
rails, that in assessing duties on foreign merchan
dise, such discrimination should be made as will
have the effect of producing all articles which can
be made its will have the effect of producing all
articles which can be manufactured at home in
such quantity, if•possible, as to raise up two mar
. kets fur the consumer, the home and the foreign—
each competing with the other,So - that he may not
be left to the mercy of one, arid that the foreigu
one alone. •
The happy indirect effect of suet; legislation upon
die labor, and, consequently, upon the permanent
prosperity of our own country, is not the great eat,
by any means, of the blessings it confers. By giv
ing diversity to the occupations and industrial pur
suits of the people, labor is rewarded and the abil
ity to consume -foreign products is attained, and the
wants of the national treasury, dependent entirely
upon duties (Talented upon foreign imports, are
amply supplied.
While the great end—that of a competent rev
enue—is thus surely reached by this policy, a laz
ger amount of exports is at the same time obtain
ed towards paying for the required importations.
Our exports, as the commercial statistics will
\ show, are made up mainly of cotton, rice. tobacco,
-breads-tuff-A and provisions. These are the products
of the soil, and are shipped to 'foreign ports with
out more labor, as au element of price, than is ne
cest..l. iry to fit them for market in their - first and
simplest condition: Our statistics disclose the fact.
also, that breadstuffs and provisions, of which we
can produce a larger surplus than any other peo
pleofortn caparatively a small addition to our ex
ports, particularly in years of
,plenty abroad.—
These articles, in the production of which so large
and interesting a portion of our people are enga
ged, cannot find a market abroadsat such prices as
the farmer can afford to receive, except when fam
ine or war create a foreign and exceptional de
wand.
In 1847, a year of famine in Europe, we export
ed of breadstufla and provisions, without premoni
tion of the calamity, which created the demand,
e 68,701,121. .This extraordinary export, while our
own market woefully supplied, put beyond doubt
our ability to supply of these articles a surplus far
exceeding the ability of any other country; provi
ded a market was found which did not exhaust the
value in transportation. ' The extraordinary de
mand of 1847 was not due to any legislation of our
own or foreign nations. It was the result alone of
the famine in Europe. Since that time the opera
tion of the British revenue act of 184-6 has wholly
removed the duties upon such foreign agricultural
products as are used for food, and ours enter into
competition there with -those of other nations.—
This free passage through British custom-houses
has not., however, increased the British demand,
for we find our exports diminishing in proportion
as the effects of the famine is oyercouili by the sub•
sentient abundance: thus the' export of bread
'ettiffs' and provisions in 1847 'was $68,701,921; in
- 1848;-$87,4724751.-lin- iB49;t $38,183;507; and in
1850, $26f951.373. Om exports in 1831 of these
articles - were $17,538,247 ; in 1841, $17,198,102;
and at the ratio of decrease exhibited since T 847,
will, in 1851, but little exceed the latter - amount.
The exports of rice in 1827, amounted to $2,-
343,908; in 1837, to 2,309,279; and in 1848 (the
year. after the famine) to 82.331,824'; in 1850 to
$2,631,557. These dates embrace a period of high
and low duties, of the comparative free trade at 1
home and in the principal market abroad. These l
facts disclose the fallacy of the principle so fre•
quently urged, that, by inducing heavy impor
tations under a system of low duties, we necessari- 1 $201,803,692 $19.41 , $56,471,795,53.129
ly create a large corresponding demand abroad for The value of cotton manufactures exported from
our own productions. • the •United States during the year
Whatever truth there may be, in'this principle, '4B, was
as applied to the trade of other nations of the ' Ando that from Great Britain the value
world, in consequence of the relative nature of their was
.$09,777,008
productions and mannfactures, it has not the samel
Which shows how largely Great Britain is tie
application to the United States, from the single , pendent upon this manufacture for her comittercial
fact that nearly all the supplies which the latter I prosperity.
furnish to foreign nations, consist of articles of ne- 1 Of the above amount the United States received
cessity, the consumption of which is limited to ac- 1 front Great Britain, per British yes
tual wants, and cannot be forced beyond - the de- 1 seta, for 148,, to the extent of $8,291,036 .
mend, by-adventitious circumstances. When a high Our records fin the fiscal year eliding
degree of prosperity exists in the United States, we 30th June, 184 h, shows an impiirta- ' -
see a lave increase in the consumption of most for- 1 tion"of cotton madiffactures froM -
o
eign productions, which may be generally classed' Grerißritain amounting to 14,477,978.
under the head of luxuries, but we have no such I - The United States should share in the profits
class of, articles to tempt foreign nations in like , of manufacturing her own great staple ; and in pro -1
manner Cs extend their purchases from us, in recip- ; portion•aa we Increase the intinufaca t ure of this and-,
rocatiori for extending supplies - from them 1 other materials of whichlwelmie an abundant surf- I
No nation will purchase from us, no matter how viity s shall we be enabled to command the produce.;
prosperous may be her condition, a larger amount , mapoliictures,and coin ()tether naticins. - ' 1
of breedstuffs than the deficiency in her own abili- 1. - Our entire exports of breadatuffs and provisiralsl
ty to aepply will require, even though we buy from ' to.jill past year, will srarcely amount to the valo
her double or treble the amount of her prodtictions. tie Of the cotton goods imported and the dutital
So, in like manner, when her crops fall, she not on- thereon.
ly irillibut meat, tate from other countries what i These statements arc intended to show how ird-1
the wants of her population require, even theugh ' portent an article in the commerce of the world, is"
it be diree or ten-fold-what they take from her. the cotton of the United States, and if mrumfacttio
Thieoprinciple was fully exemplified in the fan-red by our own citizens, how widely our comrsietee,
line in Atte year 1847, when our immense supplies I might be extended. Instead of an • Importation of
of bretuistutfs to Europe caused such a heavy gal- nearly-$20,000,000y-$20,000,000 in value of cotton manufactures':
afters II our favor, even though it did increase our in a single year our annual exports of those mane 2 .'
iniports'from the very cause . already alluded to, of t factures -should be $100,000,000. .. ' '. 1 I:
crcatirts such a degree of prosperity in the coun- 1 The Warehouses of the United States will not be 11
try, as to extend our desire and_ ability - for the con-J, filled with the products of other nations, so long AS!
sruinpOon of such articles of foreign luxuries as we we are content to export our cotton and other raw,
could'hc4 supply ourselves, and the opposite- re- I materials in their crude state, and import the moat!
stilt ii-exhibited at the present time, when we are 1 common articles of clothing. - •i ;
' making excessive importations, not only. without I Our policy should be, hy every constitutionah
an es:lay:Or-It extra demand , but, on the voter-ivy. means, to encourage the manufacturer of our °aril
with - a ihminished one from Europe, far below -materials, and so far as their product may be. neesl
whatithe tools from Iv., when ourimponariona were 1 essary fbr other nations, exchange
„them in tlirins...,
so much less than they pow are. ' most valuable form, fur under the present systein
The foregoing - statements show that the fanning 1 the gold obtained from our mines, will soon be 0.,i
population of the country, without any extraordi- hausted - in paying for excessive importations. ].l
nary stimulus, can produce a supply. equal tol With a profound conviction - of their truth, I fa.
\ ‘68,701,121 to meet any urgent demand of a for- I peatithe opinion and words of my predecessor tin
eign market. an amount more than equal to dr: I this vitaPeubject in his annual communication to
average value of the export of cotton from this 1 Congress at the last session: " All history shawl
coontry. 1 that where are the workshops of the world. ffiere
BL: we find thi; sum of nearly sixty-nine mil- i must be the marts of the world, and the lieartiot
lions, which rewarded the toil of the farmer of the I wealth catr.merce, and power."
country in 1847, dwarfed down in 1850 to the con- ' It has been shown by the experience of seveeol
paratirely insignificant amount of 0k26,051,373—a
; years. that the average rate of duties imposed by
falliog of in the rewards of labor of the farmer the present revenue laws is about twenty-three per
alone in two years of $42,660,543 cent, upon the foreign value of our imports, Melo-
When it is remembered that 11.. very large pro• ding - free as well ea dutiable goods.
portion of the citizens of this coutitiy are engaged During the last fiscril year we impeded ,of Zino;
m the business of fanning, and how much of le I eign merchandise, including. specie, $178,316,3113; 1
permanent wealth .and true glory of the republic and we exported, of donestic products, foreign
s 'dr . eiscla on their well-being and 'prosperity, it igoods and specie, $151,898,790; leaving a balance
would seem to be the dictate of enlightened selfish- agninot us of 826..247,598. r ii
ness, aswell as a duty of patriotism, so to mould, A Large proportion of this balance hits 'dotilailes
if possible. the laws regulating trade and revenue, I been paid by our domestic stocks, which find a reo s
as to furnish for them at home a permanent mar- dy sale at this tiree.in European markets. Theo
ket with remunerating prices. As nu such market I last, however• as they only postpone a present pay
cm be founlabroad, it may well suggestt the in- ment in coin cannot be expected toliquidatesimilar
quiry whether legislation, in providing, of necessi- balance for coating years, edeu if it were the will'
ty. for revenue, shall not, by encouraging a diversi- of the Government to create a large foreign debt
ty of employment in our own country, secure the of this kind.- The impoliey of such a measure will
only safe and sure market for our farming produc- not be questioned, and it is doubtless the 'time ini
tions which can be obtained. • terest of the country to a-said it. t 1.
The policy here suggested is strengthened by a In' regulating tiur commerce with foreign nations,
comparison of the value and amount of the home I we are therefore ontpellell to' take, as the true be
as compared with the foreign market. It has been sis of safe importation from all countries, the amonet
estimmed that our consumption of food, raiment, of our own products, which we may reasonably
1 s -
furnitdre, etc.., is about t 4 10 9 fur each individual.— calculate may find a market abroad.
Of this sum from 5. 4 6 tai $7 are of foreign produc- i It is certain that the increased ability of this
tions, which, say at 80 60 per head, would require country to consume foreign goods, will at this finks
an importation of about 8150,000,000. It will at safely admit a larger importation than in former ,
once appear how insignificant this amount is when years, yet the experience of the last year hartslioWn
compared with the amount of home prodticts con- that our imports have been greatly beyond ciar ex
sumed. Upon the basis. of -SEM per head, the for- I ports, which last must be regarded as the true clew
eign production Ns - noshes $6 50 per head, or, in sure of our ability to coasutne, for any given mit
a aggregate, $150,000.000; the residue, or t 93,, bar of years.
I
50 each, requires annually the sum of about $2,- If upon the large importations of the past year
100,900,000A0 bo supplied by our own industry.— I the increase should continue at the same ratio as
Our average consumption of imports per head, for Ithat of the past quarter, which G as already star,
be
30 years, has been eb 94. - Any material excess is 818.000,000, the aggregate amount for the et' r
over thataverage, as in the year 1835-'G. and 1839, , rent fiscal year. ending 30th June 1851,
,will n t
o
has been surely followed by the most disastrous fall much short of 6250,000,000. A survey of e
results. The imports of the past year have been markets of the world, it is believed, furnished 6
exceeded in amount only by the year 1836; and, I reason to expect thaf our exportations WM exce 0
if the official figures could be made to represent those of last year, which we have seen were a - -
the true cost of the imports of the former year, 1 tion'hess than 152 millions. This would leave n
even 16:16 would, it is believed, not 'be an cxcep- the trade of the fiscal year. with foreign emote; I
tion. The imports of the first quarter of the pros- an alarming balance, which could not fail" to bete t
-ant year show an increase of more than 818,000.- in result fatal to all branches of business - at hots t
000 over the corresponding quarter of last year, in- and highly injurious to the revenue of succeedit .
dicating an importation fur the current year greats years. ; ",-
er by many millions than the imports of any pre- I These considerations; forced Ipy the existing s 9
vious one, and a consumption per head proportion- of things upset the earnest octet-oars of this Depn t r
ably Larger, whilst the markets aboaad indicate no merit, are submitted to the wisdom of Copgreal, In
prospect of an increased demand fur our exports. the belief that they present reasons of the itiostlM-
These exports, as already sutted o oonsito printi- perative character fur a modification of the prainot
pally of articles of necessity, and nearly all of them revenue laws. The large prospective imported*
raw materials in their crudest state, and if we ' should be checkoff by a higher rate, of duties. so as
therefore wish to occupy the place among coalmen ' to bring their aggregate amount within the linnPf
cial nations that our vast resources warrant. we our capability to pay. if the exports of the hi t
must greatly increase the amount of those exports- 1 year. define that limit, then our imports for the le' -
This can only be done by an increase- of manufac- 1 suing year should not greatlyexceed $149,000,tt.
tures. 1 It is believed, however, that we may calculate sit '-
.. .
During the past year our exports of cotton have Isly upon an export of gold, for severalyears locale
amounted to, $71,984,016 1 of at least from ten to fifteen millions unnually o e, -
While. of domestic cotton manufactures i elusive of What goes abroad . direct from C.:intern:lL
we hate exported only to the ci
tent of
And during the same peril.d the impor
tations of cotton manufactures enter
ed for consumption, have amounted
at the foreign valuation to 619,585,938
The exports of cotton from the United States ex
ceed in importance those of any raw material ex-.
ported front any other country, and at the present
time it is our only export that is essential to any
other"nation, but it is believed to be a mistaken
policy for scny nation to send its materials to dis
tant countries, to be manufactured into fabrics for
its own use.
Possessing this mosruseful Staple in abundance,
and of the best quality, we ough' greatly to in
crease its manufacture and• secure to ourselves ii
portion of the profits which other nations enjoy
therefrom. In order. to impress our people with
the value of tills production of the United States,
and theineans it nflordi\of extending our internal
and foreign commerce, I subjoin several tables ex
hibiting in some degree its importance•. We ex
ported in Rats COMM. ,Cotbni Manufac.
1845 844767.341 83,545,481
1847 • 53,415,848 4,082,523
1348 61,998:294 5,718,205
, 6d,3911,967 4.933,1.29
1850 - .71,984,616 4,734,424
1;296,563,066 $23,018,762
The emu:kilter which take the largest opaatities
OF GOVER.
of our raw cotton are Great Btitstin and France,'
and one exports of cotton and cotton manufactures.
during those years to these countries were as fol 7 '
owe:
To GItEAT BRIT'AT:t. To
fi rm
Cqt. Wool Cot. Afttn. Cot. 1. Cot. Mai'
1846, *27.707,7,17 $9,607 810.080,465 none.
1847, $5,841.2W 6,765 10.381,318 - 216
1848, 41,925,258 28 11,428,850 '2,374
1849, 47,444,899 2,591 , 10.185,713 nor*.
1850, 48,884,453 50 14,395.449 539
without any detrimental effect upon the currebdy
or business of our people. The supply of this met
al from Pur own mines may at present be estrin -
ted at rn0,000,000 annually including that sent 'd -
reedy frixn California to other cohntries, and ill 8
supply, it is believed, will not beaikely to dire' -
I
isb in amount for the next two oftliree years. 1 :
If, thee, we can afford to spare the above map t
of the, precious metals in, paying of foreign tus -
chandise, it may be fitilso Assumed that our expo :
including all articles, Will be equal to about p •
hundred and sixty-five milliops, supposin,fr i
alsia
the trade of the world. to remain Unaffected by an, -
disturbing stases. In the opinicar of this De ' : -
merit it would be unsafe to assume an amount' f
imports aka basis upon which to levy duties If
revenue beyond this latter stint.
If the present rates of duties be, applied tirt i Llt
amount, we should receive from customs, 35,950 i
000. and the nmonnt of. revenue 'required for
ti t ,
present and succeeding years would fall Short !' f
the estimates a fraction over seven millions. '• t if:
It Cannot be doubted that' l rate of duty hig4
on many articles than that paid bythe present ' .'
might be established without affecting ituriono
the revenue. The extraordinary . influx of for
merchandise for the last year and the, firit'qiiirt
_,
of the present one must be regarded as conehisiS ' •
proof: that an increase of duties, =so - at. In , ' '.
vane the amount of revenini seven millions raftb -
same attieunt of imports is anti/0y prattleittdc; t i •' ~
%flit sACIO inquire WO be o‘o4sec 4 ol o l l o .
I . ' - , ,•-' .' - . ...!11: ;'
1
4,734,4-'4
MENT."
*5,718.205
Numpyat, j;
demands of the treasuti, is believed tra bid,beynitiC
:doubt, wilesi Congress shall-discontintteltelii*
the objects of expenditure which originated m-oar
recent territoriel.acquisitions; and this in ihe opin- L e ,
'ion of the Department,--- • #ould i be
and unjust.
From the foregoing , considerations; the'
went would submit the folloWing ntodiHca t iw of •
our present revenue laws; -
1 A change in the present ad valorem system,
which should impose specific duties liponarticlea
to which such duties may be safely applied, with:
home valuations upon all such as are treiessarilf
subject to ad vldorem rates. .
11. If theprinciple of specifieduties
adopted, that the home viltiatiiin, instead, of the,
- foreign shonld then be applied. to 111,'. - imports sub•
ject to ad valerem duties. ,
If neither of the foregoing Clititigei ihill * boi•:
thought proper; then it is deetnedlighly tteFessaiii
that the present rates of dUties should be Ineraw
ed on the great variety. of articles which it
found could bear such increase with the m Ntln
tory effects upon both trade and revenue: :4
Either - of the two first modifications stiggettedl.
above would 'undoubte'dly correct nianyof.the
qualities of the present.system; place, All inparlerer,
whether . put havers or mconfacturers eve'
grounds in ct to valuations foidu4,guitid the}":?
revenue gain t the flktrant frauds which are-
easily papetrated under existing laws, and ensurtik;
stability and permanent increase of:the
,revennee4'
They are therefore earnestly recommended to the
favorable coinsideMtion .I.f Congress.' "
In-any system it:is believed that- exponent* hid
settled the 'true policy to .be
particulars which enter itifn our system ofreirenna s i
laws. Among these are, that all raw iriateriiii
should be admitted at a moderate , rate -of dutyfi
when asti& , sed-at all, that all non enumerated arti4i
oles should he assessed at higher rates Of duty thartit2
the average of manufactured articles, and that,.4l4 ,
articles c.omposed o f th e same Materiel s h ou ld pay
in •
in general the mune rates of .duty.
In order to insure uniformity in the business tifs'
the custom houses', and equality in the Yaltuttieimq,
under any system.'earnestly recommend•the clit-TP;
atiun of a corps of appraisers at large whose 'duty:
it shall be to visit the promipal ports of entry fronS
time to -time, Aith power to correct inipropel valg
nations and prescribe rules for the local' appraiv - ,.
era.,.
Tit Mr
' The amount of coinage:at the mint hi Philadetti
phia during the month just past his exceeded fotiisq
.. • lions of dollars , and if the experiments now pititill
great : under the authority of Congress for testA
/
inn ane s .rocesx of assaying should , equal th e ex: if"
pectations w.' h
. Isave been fornied,. respecting it
the capabilities o hat establislitrieut Will tiectiterfi
dad to' the coinage .1 eight millions rdonthly; ands 7 -
frith the - branch mt at New - Orleans, will be &Ilk
able to furnish Co ~ without any. unreasonable del i `
lay, for all the f tore probablereceipti of gold dus i ll
and bulljun. i fri order. however, to facilitate linsitli
nei4s tiansan'un., Mr. Corwin rtiettnirosicis that
Congress authorise the treasury department to.reiti
wive all gold and silver bullion innded forrecoinA
age, and so soon ,as it could be aWayed and ail
correct value of it ascertained, that mutt Certificat „,
should be issued, for the•same in convene nto man y
at the option of the owners, which certifteatessbcsilg ,
be made receivable, for all duets to the Utiitel
States, the:Government being at . the eXpensh a 1
conveying \ sucb bullion to the mint for coinage'
- THE COAST SHP.Viii: -----;'"-..:'
This survey is in abighly flourishing and efftclek
condition,
• MtgeEt.L.A..yrocs:
The'inioys -; ,along the coast, bays did lrarborjtlk
have been properly colored with:lumbered. Bãó
b l are been ordered for the chanbel of the Columbuc4
- LRI
Measures have been taken pruna) to egeent.-1,111
. ~..,i,,, : z.z
the design of Congress in providing. for the secitiNll
of life and property on the sea toast. Idetalic 1101/
boats with the usual ifixtures,designed for five paintli
on the coast of Florida:., And three for the coast . 14
Texas, base been contracted for. Like faeilitie4:
with the addition or mortars, shot rockets and 114 4 7'
tion houses, have been authorized along tfia'.short' 4 7 . -
of Long Island, including testation at Watch Hill i s • 1
Long Island. 0
The use and economy of the elicit/M. tight lul
about, to be tested. .
• - it ,
Full details are furnishedin teltitiolt bibs sel f
ral - Marine Hospitalif. •• f ,
The new Custom Hones preiided for by tht
session, are in i the course of erection, and *il
completed as speedily as poasibh'.
All the Resolutions:
Not lortysince a missionary meeting was he'
among tlif riegroes the West Indies, at whit
the folio ing resolutions were passed:
1.- We Will all .something. , •
2. We Will all g i ve i fig GOCI has enabled tule
\3. We will all give willingly. '
At thiclose of the meeting:a, leadl - 4
negro tak, his seat at the. table, in Otder, to n
down the sum each came forward to give.
large number came and laid their coritiibutiorut
on the table, some more ; some i less: Among
number who came, was a rich old .colored
rich as all, the others put togethei; Who thrPw
the table a small silver coin. " Take del bit:
again," said the African receiveill theifieney
ed at the table: , "DaVmayixtictonl4to`da
resoldtion, but not accordin. to de secotip
The rich old man aceordinglyloohlkaj
bled back to his-seat in sc great rage.'i.
another came forward, rind almost all giv
than himself, he was fairly aihamea'sint
threw „down a piece of money on the Wit
"DON, ke dat."
It was a large pieee of gold, but fv.
ill-temperedly that tins man at this tabli
veered, " No dat don't de yet.- it flay
in to de first and ialtttions butnw
in to di last;" and again the Old Man-took. ai
coitr •
Still annoyed et - himself and all Main
• h in
eat a long tilde, till nearly all Were grineAtticl
came' to the )able"iiitha pleasnt counterfeit(
mart WAS a Chritifier9 wi lingly gaie air
to the treasurer. The receiver, as he mark..
the amount exclaimed," Well, den, , dat , an 4
din to alt de, reidulions." •
Whnieviiinet to' Imow - hoix to give and be
Let butt folinw the etampliipt the above''
In attempting to carve fowl, one • da;
tleman found 'considerable difficulty In j et
the joints. and exclaimed 4ainst them=
liim an old hen kir iiyoung,,,chithen;
"My dear," said the enrled roan's vitife;
tallOw about th e aged and kispectablaMr.
planted the MIA hilliof co& that plr
our town." • • F
'4I know•that:* !raiti the liusband
this hen icOlcbed w.".
blom—Thifeidenraii - -Adot,
fdlowinvitogalliat iethr4
"friday,
in Alsolutelidlettew 01:00utt *
•:
•