THE REGISTER.
smajwattg. fluxing, Aatiag mar,
[During the absence of the.publiker in the duties
of his eprilittment as Deputy Idarshail
THURSDAY, NOVEMBER 5,1850:
Wanted immediately,
(OT 11101 ii INDEBTID TOR THE .PER &C.)
: -, Any quantity of Butter, Cheese, Lard, Tallow. Pork,
Wheat Flour, Buckwheat do., Corn, Oats, Potatvea,
ti' - BAY and - VASIL i i
•.,
,1. xi orember 20.
[l . or Our thanks are due " Sew Milford " for the HousE.At 12 o'clock Speaker Cobb called the
0 information that our!papers ale not received at that House to order, and on calling ;the roll, 160 mem
' place as early as they should be_ although his note hers answe4cl to their nameti.
t was couched in language which, showed a littl e A committee was appointed to act with the Sen.
llAcerbity of feeling. We blame no subscriber for I ate'slcolrimittee, and inform the President of their
tcomplaining when be does not receive his paper I tergapization. Is
1 1 regularly. Why it is that the iileiji..ster does not Mr. Tuck presented a memerialAfJared - Perkips
' reach New Milford until:' Saturday generally, and contesting, this seat of Geo. W. Morrison, elected
sometimes not before Tuesday after the deg of from-New Hampshire in place of James Wilson,
publication," we do not understand, resigned, which was referred to the committee on
~ Since the first of August the package for the
Th iEl ctions. ,
f i neat Bend Driver has every week been carried e Pfessagem4 announced by the Speaker, and
i . stage office on T-hursday night with but two ea- handed to the Clerk, who read it.
eeptions—once it was dell-ed until Friday noon, I The Menage and accompanying Documents were
1 and at another time the publication was delayed referred to the Committee of,
extra copies order
the whole on the
one day on account of sickness of one of the lutes state of the Union, add l ls,ooo
in the office. ed to be printed. Adjourned.
lin-portant Railroad. Connection.
AU our readers are not probably in possession of
information as to all the movements relative to pro
, posed Railroads to connect with the Leggett's Gap
i Railroad, and which will open, to ns new and hu
t • !: portant routes to the East. A meeting of the citi. 7
"zees of Newburgh was held at that place on the
9.3 d of October, to receive and confer with .a num
q•
t erous delegation from Pennsylvania, New Jersey,
and the Southern section of Orange county, in re
:: .',lotion to the construction of a' : Railroad from the
1 2 - Newburg Branch Railroad at.. Chester, to the coal
-region of Pennsylvania. Several years since au
thority from the Legislatures vv.:obtained for the
i organitation of Companies itl , ffie States of New
York and New Jersey for the of the
`;' • work ; and the meeting passel resolutions for the
i formation of these companies, and that prompt and
efficient measures be adopted to insure the speedy
construction of that road. A large Committee was
Cchoserito act in the preinises, and to correspond
with all friendly to the enterprise.
A survey of the route was made as early as in
the sumtrier of 1836. The report of the engineer
showed that the enterprise could be aceomphshed
with comparative ease, the grade at no point being
over 30 feet - per mile. But the work of construct
„i:. mg the road as never unde . ken. The actu
t , commencement of the Leggett s Gap Railroad a..
the pie* of the company to extend the line t.
• 'Tater Gap on the Deleware river simultaneously
With the completion of the Newburgh Railroad t.
that place, hasgiven occasion for new exertions fo
'4 its accomplishment which will undoubtedly prove
,eisuccessfuL The Midland Railroad from Boston,
• Viol, by the way of Hartford to Fishkilt on the
1.. Hudson river, is intended to connect with this =
fat Newburgh.. This will give , to us a continuous
',route by. Railroad frcmliany point on the Leggetts
or`New.York' and Erie Railroad, to Boston,
;Portland or any of the Eastern cities.
f t The extension of the Fvqs.x and Morris Railroad
, in New Jersey, will also give Is a new and direct
t route to the cities of Newark and New York. It
4 is ant ,laced to extend this road from its pi-ft
ieat termination at Dover, to the Water Gap on the
- t Delaware and there connect with the Leggets Gap
i
Ikßailroad. A surrey of the route is already com
tpleted,and a reportshowitig its feasibility and favor
,,_. king the extension. has been made to the. Company.
i'When this line of Railroad is completed, Montrose
t Will be within twelve hours ride of the city of New
-.• fork.
'i.... iti_
Plank Road.
We think we can announce as a " fixed fiict, - tbat
a 111
Plaqk Bead will be constructed from this village
ft
to the Depot on the Leggett's Gap Railroad, a chs
.
tsuace of between 6 and 1 miles. We understand
that a route favorable for it location has been sur
d. veyed. and, as the Aclistance is short, the grade ea.--T,
1 -inkl the businesslef the Borough certainly requires
(" its construction, we put it down as one of the
that will be accomplished, provided a char
*
:er can be obtained from the Legislature, of which.
1111 however, we have no doubt.
Temperance Meeting.
• There was a meeting of the Lenox temperance
4,"ociety, on Friday evening Nov. 15th at the Red
r School house near IL Mead's, in said township.=
•t The trieeOng was attended by a large audience and
.fa zeal and spirit was manifested that if guided by
„4 • reason will do much for the temperance cause in
.4 - tins place.
' • The meeting was call to order, and .prayergoffer
f,oed by the President. The Constitution and By
,• , ws, drafted by the committee previously elect
!: i 'ell for that purpose, was rend by the criannian of
. 1 .! said committee and adopted by: the Society, and
lofficers were elected acardingly.
' Appropriate remarks were made by-several
. : persons—the pledge was.circulatad and signed by
.! a respectable number of old and young. The teal
'perance ball is truly in motion -in Lenox; may it
1. - :continue.to roll on, until the monster intemperance
1 - eball be banished from the land, and grog-shops
, . 'and tippling houses, those hotbeds of vice and hit
mor..lify, shall be things that-have been but are
~ not, May the people of Lenox continue to arouse
lin this glorious cause, andlabor with zeal to wipe
if away the stain of drunkenness and moral degrade
li-tioiy-salech has long shrouded in darkness the sun
,
,of their moral prosperity 'and happiness. and as - a
reward for their labor, they shall see Lenox rising
~ her raver standard of cbnracter among her sis
_
~
r towns, and no longer shall 'there be cause to
ti point to Lenox as a ' drunken hole." -
4- , C. F. REED, Secretary.
if Lenox, 1 2;ev : '...'24, 1860.. •
1f
- ITOTT oTtitrxraz To EatOpE—We see it stated
::tliat the " New York Light Guard" contemplate
-viiit to.Paris,LoadorrandlLireimoL The compa
nY numbers ono hundred men, andihey propo!se to
r ' take
passage,in!one 9recilh*ii new, StenaerB.
thonorary menilierbio offirid to. mutant° f5OOO
' - ' r towitrdsdcfraYing the expenitit or thet,:toinion.
Thb tYffirit Corspist,: Siitc;nd Beuion
On Mondisy at I.;l , n'etrook the Sedate wits callad
An order,- foO, y Senators toeing present.
It win ordeind that enchtfle' nett* be allowed nevi
'papers eqrSifto the• Cost Of Your daily papers.
A monnaii !having been received from the - Hotien
that a quoitins Tins' present in that braich, ttia
Chairman iippou3ted.Mensno. Berrien and Dickin
son a committee to act with a like committee of
the Douse, and inform . the President that both
branches were duly organized and ready for busi-_
neas.
The Message was received, read'and the usual
number of copies ordered to be prir.ted.'
Senate adjourned.
President's Message.
FELLOW Cnuip:s OF THE SENATE, •
- aid of ;the House of Itepresentatives
Being suddenly called, in the midst of the last
session of Congress, by a painful dispensation of
Divine Providence, to the responsible station which
I new hold, I Contended myself with such commu
nications to the Legislgture•as the exingency of the
I moment seemed to require. The country was
fshrouded in mourning for the loss of its venerated
Chief Magistrate, and all hearts were penetrated
with grief. Neither the time nor the occasion ap-
I peered Ito require or to justify, on my part, any an-,
' nouncement of; the principle which would govern
me in the dischntge of the duties to the performance
of which I had been se unexpectedly called. I
trust, therefore; that it may not be deemed inap
pro priate,if I avail rnyelf of this opportunity of
the re-assembling of Congress to make known my
sentiments, in a general manner, in regard to the,
policy which (ight to be pursued by the Govern
ment, both in its intercourse with foreign- nations,
and in its management and administration of inter
nal affairs.'
Nations, like individuals in a state of nature, are
equal and independent, possessing certain rights,
and owing certain duties tdeach other, ansing &Om
their necessary and unavoidable relations ; which
zigh a and duties there is Po cummrn humn author
ity to protect. end enforct. Still, there arc rights
end duties, binding in. mokals, in conscience, and in
honor. although there, is rib trail:mai to which an in
jured party can appeal but the disinterested judg
ment of maukuid, and ultimately die 4rtatrament
of the sword. ~•
kuiong the acknowledged rights of. nations is
that, wh ich each Pussessek of establishing that form
of gUvemment which it nihy deem muj conducive
to the happiness and prOsperity of its own citi
zens; of changing that fohn as circumstances may
require; and of managing its internal affairs accor
ding to its Own will. The people of the United
States klaiM this right for themselves, and they rea
dily concede it to others. :Hence it becomes an im
perative duty not to interfere in the goVernment ur
internal policy of other nations, and,. although we
may sympathize with the unfortunate or the op
pressed, everywhere, in their struggles for freedom,
our principles forbid us from taking any part in
such foreign contests. We make nu wars to pro
mote or to prevent succession to thrones; to main
tain any theory t$ a balanCe of power; - or to sup
press the,actuttlgovernment which any country
chooses to establish for itself e instigate no rev
olutions, nor suffer any hostile military expeditious
to 'be fitted out in the IThit'ed States to invade the
territory or provinces of a friendly nation.
The iv-eat law of morality ought to have a na
tional, as well as a personal and individual, appli
cation. We should act towards other nations as
we wish them to id towards us ; and justice and
conscience should form the rule of,con,cluel between
governments, instead of mere power, self interest,
or the desire of aggrandizement. To maintain a
strict neutrality in foreign wars, to cultivate friend
ly relations,.to reciprocate every noble and gener
ous act, and to perform punctually and scrupulous
ly every treaty ' obligation—these are the duties
which we owe to other States, and by the perfor
mance of which We best entitle ourseltnes to like
treatment'from them; or if that, in itay case, be
refused, we can enforce our own rights with jus
tice and a clear conscience.
In our domestic -policy, the Constitution. will be
my guide; andin questions of doubt, I Shall look
for its interpretation to the judicial decasi4is of that
tribunal 3 which *as estblished to expoud it, and
to the ttage of the Government, sanetioed by the
acquiescence of the country . • I regard aft its pro
visions as equally binding. In all its paits it is the
will of the people, expressed in the most solemn
form, and the constituted authorities, are but agents
to carry that will into effect. Every poker which
it has granted is to be exercised for the public
good; but no pretenceof utility, no honest convic
tion, even, of what might be expedient, cam justify
the assumption -of any power lot granfed. The
powers conferred upon! the Government and their
distribution to the several departments, are as
clearly expressed in that sacred instrument as the
imperfection of humanlanguage ail! al* ; and I
deem it my first duty, pot to question its. wiFutonl.
add to its provisions, evade its requirement, or nul
ifv its commands.
Upon you, fellow-citizens, as the repreOntatives
of the States and the !people, is wisely Jevolved
the legislative power. !Ishii!l comply with my du
ty, is laying before yoU, from time to data, any in.
formation calculated tO enable you to discharge
your high and responsible trust, for the lienefit of
your common coustitituents,
My opinions will be frankly expressed upon the
leading subjects of legiSlation ; and if, which I do
not anticipate. any act Should paas the twO. Houses
• of Congress whicllsliotild appear to me tuteronstitu
tional, or an euctioachasent on the just powers of
other department; . or ith provisions hast , adop
ted. and likely to prod ce consequames a, juripus
and unforeseen , IS • not shrink frourthe duty
of returning it toiyog, itti my reasons, fOr your
further bonsideration yond the dueperform
ance of these .constituf nal obligations, poth my
respect ' for the legislatuie and my sense o r propri-,
ety will restrain me from any attempt to control
or influence your proceedings. With yob is the
power, the honor, Mid the responsibility of :the leg
islation of the country,
The
The Government of the United States is a limit
ed •Government. , It is .confined to the exercise of
posers expressly 'granted, and such other; as-may
be necessary for carrying those powers into effect •
and leis at all - tithes an especial 'duty to guard
against any infringment on the just rights of the
States. Over.tlie!objects and subjects intrusted to
Congress, its:legislative authority is.supreme. But
heie that authoritY 4eases, and every citi i ien who
truly levels •the Constitution, and desires
,'the con
tinuance of its existence and its blessings, will res
olutely and Srmlytresist any interference in those
domestic ritfairs,'lshkh the Constitution hair clearly
and, unaquivocalli, ieft, to,the exclusive authority
o f •ther.s4 4 te.4;. - .every such citiiku Till also I
depr to useless irritation among the several
members of the ,Union; trod dl reproach and crim-t ,
inaticin tending - to alienate owe portion one portion
of the country .; from another. The beady of our
systetn of goveruntent consists, and ataitafet, and
durability mast consist, in avoiding mutual collit
sion, and encroachments, and in the regular.actiins
of all, while each is revolving in its own distinct
orbit.
The. Constitution has made it The duty of the
President to take care that the law, be faithfully
executed. In a Government like ours, in which
all laws are passed by a majority of the represent
atives of the people, and these representatives rho
sen for such - Ebert periods that any injurious sr
obnoxious law can very soon be repealed, it would
appear unlikely that any great numbers should be
found ready to resist the execution of the law!.—
Btu it must be borne in mind that the country is
extensive, that there may be local interests or pre
judices rendering a law odious in one part winch
is not so in another. and that the thoughtless and
inconsiderate, misled by their passions or their
imaginations, may be induced madly so resist such
laws as they disapprove. Such persons shOuld re
collect _ that. without law, there can be no real,
piactical liberty ; that, when I;tw is trampled, un
der foot, tyrranny rules, whether it appears in the
form of a military despotism or of popular vio. I
lance. The law is the only sure protection of the
weak, and the only efficient restraint upon • the
strong. When impartially and faithfully adminis
tered, none is beneath its protection, and none a
bove its militia You, gentlemen, and the coun
try may be asured, that to the utmost of my abil
ity. and to the extant of the power vested in me. I
shall at all times and in all places, take care that
the laws be faithfully executed. In the discharge
of this duty, solemnly imposed upon me
-by the
Constitution, and by my oath of office, I shall shrink
from no responsibility, and shall endeavor to meet
events as they may arise, with firmness, as well as
with prudence and discretion.
The appointing power is one of the most deli
cate with which the Executive is invested. I re
gard it as a sacred trust, to be exercised with the
sole view of advancing the prosperity of die peo
ple. It shall be my effort to'eleva-te the' standard
I.of official employment, by selecting fur places of
imporitaace individuals fitted for the posts to which
they are assigned, by their known integrity, talents
and virtues. In so extensive a country, with so
great a population, andwhere few persons appoint
ed to office can be Inown to the appointing power,
mistakes will sometimes unavoidably hfrPperi; and
unfortunate appointments be made;notwithstandieg
the greatest care. In such cases, the power of re
moval may be properly exercised ; and neglect of
duty nr malfeasance in office will be no more tol
erated in•individuals appointed by myself than in
those appointed by others.
I km happy in being able to say that no unfavor
able change in our kireignrelations has taken place
since the message at the opening of the last session
of Congress. We are at peace with all nations,
and we enjoy an eminent degree the blessings of
-that peace, in a prosperous and growing commerce,
and in all the forms of of amicable national inter
cot;rse. The unexampled growth of the country,
the present amitnert_of its population, and its am
ple means of self protection, assure fur it the re
spect of all natiozs ; while it is trusted that its
character for ju-tice, and a regard to the rights of
other States, will cause that respect to be readily,
cheerfully paid.
A convention was negotiated between the Unit
ed States and Great Britain, in April last, for facil
itating and protecting the construction of a ship
canal between the Atlantic and Pacific Oceaas,and
for other purposes. This instrument has since been
ratified by the contracting parties, the exchange has
been effected, and proclamation thereof has been
duly made.
In addition to the stipulations contained in this
conv4ntion, two other objects remain to be accom
plished between the contracting powers. First,the
designation and establisineut of a free port at each
end of the canal, Second, an agreement fixing the
distance from the shore within which belligerent
maritime operations shall not be carried on. On
these' points,tbere is little doubt that the two gov
ernments *ill come to an understanding.
The company of citizens of the United States
whrrhave acquired from the State of Nicarague the
privilege of constructing a ship canal between the
two oceans, through tie territory of that State,
have made progress in their preliminary arrant,e
ments.. The treaty between the United• States a nd
Great Britain, of thel9th of April last, referred to,
being now in operation, it is to be hoped that the
guaranties which it offers will be sufficient to-se
cure the completion of the work with all practica•
ble expedition,. It is obvibus that this result would
be indefinitely postponed, if any other than Peace
ful measures, for the purpose of harmonizing con
flicting claims to territory in that quarter, should
be adopted. It will conseTiently be my endeavor
to cause any further- negotiate is on the part of
this government, which may be requisite for this
purpase, to be so conducted as ti, bring them to a
speedy, and successful close.
Some unadvoidable delay has occurred, arising
from distance and the difficulty of intercourse be
tween this Government and that of Nicitragua,but,
as intelligence has jest been received of the ap
pointment of an Envoy Extraordinary and Minister
Plenopitentiary of that Government,•to reside at
Washington. whose arrival may soon be expected,
it is hoped that no further impediments will he ex
perienced in the prompt trarmiction of business be
tween the two governments.
Citizens of the - United States have undertaken
the conneximr of the two oceans by means of a rail
road acrosWhe Ithmus ofTenauntepee. under grants
of-the Mexican Government to a citizen of that
Republic. It is understood that a thorough Survey
of the course of the communication is isprekraration,
and there isevery reason to expect that it will be
prosecuted with characteristic energy especially
when that Government shall have consented to
such stipulations with the Government of the Unit -
ed States as may be necessary to impart a feeling
of security to those who may embark their prop
erty in the enterprise. Nritutiations are pewiai,:
6,r the acPumpli.haient of that alr_i
emnti•lenti, entertamtd t,.:1: the
ment of Mexico shall become duiy'sen..lile of the
advantages which that country canimt fxut., d,-rtv e
from the work, and learn that the Got eittinvtit of
the United States desire. that the right of :he sov
ereignty of Mexico, in the Isthmus shall remain un•
impaired, the stipulations referred to will be agreed
tu,with alacrity.
By the last advice! from Mexico it wtiuld appear,
however, that that Government entertains strung
objections to some of the stipulations which the par
ties concerned in the projector the railroad deem
necessary for their protection and security. Further
consideration is to be hoped, or Some modification
of terms, may yet reconcile the differences existing'
between the two Governments in this respect.
Fresh Mstructione,have recently been given to
the Minister of the United States in Mexico, whO is
prosecuarthe subject with promptitude and abil
ity.
Although the n e gotiations with Portugal, for the
payment of calms of citizens of the United States
against that Goiernment, have not yet resulted in
a formal treaty, yet a proposition by the Govern
ment' of Portugal for 4 the final adjustment and pay
ment of thus, claims, has recently- been accepted
on the part of the United States- It gives me
pleasure to say that Mr. Clay, to whom the negoti
ation on the part of the United States had been
entrusted, discharged the duties of his appointment
with ability and discretion acting-always within the
instructions aids Government.
It is expected that a regular consentioe will be
inutipdiately negotiated for carrying; the agreement
between the two Goyemmeutel into effect.
li ' A
The commissioner t . ippo:int under the nelr t aet
of Congresefor carrying Into ffect - the conveillion
with Brazil, of the 27th of J n ary , 1849, his en
tered upon the performance of the- duties impelled
'upouhun by that act. ; It Lebo that tbQn duties
.
completed within the time which it pre- pensable to the-protection of - the revenue thatsuck
; m erit: 3 7 14, 0 documents; however which the /m-' remedies, as in the, judo:Hit: f t o doe. t.C uld ongr im ess at ici o a nce y mi l, ti ..
penis Government, bY the third article of the con- igate the evils ccinciplanied ,i -
yen , stipulates to furnish to the Goveffiment of plied.- •---
t i l t: nited urned sta t =ive not yet been received. As As before stated, specific duties would, iii tnyt,
ose documents will be essential opinion , ailed the most perfect remedy tui foir.ffie
for correctsdisposition of the claims, it may be- evil; bid, if you-should net concur in , .view,
t t .ej,
sums ne ee e seary for Congress to extenkthe period then as a partial remedy, I beg leave i res pec tfully
forthe duration of the commission. e sum stip- to recommend that, instead of taking ,
ulated by the 4th article of the convention to be of the article abroad as a. means of determining its
paid to Lids Giovetinnent has been received. varue her, the correctness Of which invoice it is in
The collection in the ports of the United States many cases, impossible to verify, the-- law be- so'
of discriminating duties upon the vessels; of Chili changed as to require a home valuation or oPPrai° -
and their cargoes has been suspended, pursuant to al, to be regulated in such manner se 4s give, as far
the act of Congress of the 24th of May,,1828. It as practicable, uniformity in thejieveral port. , 1
is to be hoped that this measure will impart a fresh There being no mint in California,
.I am inform
impulse to the commerce between the two cOun-ed that the laborers in the mines are compelled to
I
tries, which, of late, and especially our acquisition cispose of their gold dust at a large discount:—
of California, has, to the mutual advantage of the This appears to me to bee heavy andlunjost tax .
be
parties, been much augmente d .
i upon the haw of those employed in extracting
Peruvian guano has e° eso desirable an anti- this precious metal ; and I doubt not, you willbe
cie to the agricultural imerest of the Ca n ted States, , disposed, at the earliest period possible, to relieve
that it is the duty of :be Govei mama to enipmy alt ; them from it by the establishment of anoint,.
the means properly in Its power for the {impose of I In the meantime, as an assayer's office issestahe
causing that article to be imported in d tu es t i h nl e b c l o e ui e i n tr: li-lied there, I would respectfully submit for your.
at a reasonable price. Nothing will be omitted on I consideration the propriety Of authorizing geld- bul
my part towards accomplishing this lion, which has been assayOd and stamped, to be
lam persuaded that to removing any restraints on received: in payment of government dues., I can-.
this traffic, the Peruvian government will promote , not conceive that the treasury Would suffer any
its own best interests, while it will afforda proof of ; loss by such a provision, which will at once raise
a friendly disposition towards this country which I bullion to its par-value, and thereby save (if ram
will be duly appreciated. ; rightly ilbrmed) many millions , of dollars to the
The treaty between the United Stataiand•His' latmeers - frhich are now 'paid in brokerage to con-
Majesty the King of the Hawaiian Islands, which I vert this precious metal into' available funds. This
has recently been made public, will, it is believed, 1 discount upon their hard earnings is a heavy tax,
have a beneficial effect upon the relations between and every alert should be made by the Govern
the two countries. - ment to relieve them from so great a burden...
The relations between those parts of the Island More thap three-fourths of our population. are
lof St. Domingo, which were formerly colonies of engaged in the cultivation of the soil. The coin
; Spain and France respectively, are still in an un- 1 mercial, manotacturing, and navigating interests
!settled tOndition. The proximity of that Island to I are ell, to a great extent, dependent on the tegri
the United States, and the delicate questions in- I cultural. it is, therefore, the most important in
volved in the existing controversy there, render it terest of the nation, and has a just claituf tette) fos
desirable that it should be permanently and speed- I tering care and protection of the Government, so
ily adjusted. The interests of humanity and o f far as they can be extended •consistently with the
general commerce also demand this ; and, as imita- ; provisions of the Constitution. As this cannot be '
tions of the same sentiment have been received ; done by the ordinary modes of legislation, I res
from other Goverrunents, it is - hoped that sense ; peetfully recommend the establishment of an Agri
plan may soon be devised to effect the of in a ' cultural Bureau, to be charged with the duty of
manner likely to give general satisfactiou. The I giving to this leading branch of American industry
Government of the United States will not fail, by I the encouragement which it so well deserves.
the exercise of all proper frendly offices to do all in 1 In view of the immense mineral resources 0 tr
its power to put an end to the destructive war ;country, provision should also be made fort eat
which has raged between. the different parts of the I riloyment of a competent mineralogist and chem
island, and to secure to them both the benefits' f ist, who should be required under the direction of
peace and commerce. the head of the bureau, to collect specimens of the
I refer you to the report of the Secretary of the various minerals of our country, and to iffieertain..
Treasury for a detailed statement of the finances. I by careful analysis, their respective elements and",
The total receipts into the Treasury, fur the year ; properties, and their adaptation to useful purposes. i
ending 30th June last, were forty-seven million i Be should also be required to examine and report I
four hundred and twent? - one thousand seven hum- I upon the qualities of different soilesand the me
died and forty-eight dollars and ninety cents. - 1 nures best calculated to improve their productive-•
The total expenditures during the same period I ness. By publishing the results of such experi
were f 43,002,168 90.
i I merles, with suitable explaisations, and by the col-
The public debt has been reduced, since the last 1 leetion and distribution of rare seeds and plants,
2 annual
9. report front the Treasury department., 8405,- ! with instructi instructions as to the best system of cultivas
76, 7 1
lion, much may be dune in promote this great me
By the 19th section of the act of the 28th Jams- I tional interest. •
are, 1547, the proceeds of the sales of, the public
inks were I In compliance with the act of Congress passed I
pledged for the ititereet and pi iticipal I on the 23J of May, 1840, provitrui g, among other
of the public debt. The great amount of those ! things, for . taking the seventh cLsus, a superin
lands subsequently granted by Congress w
for
nuilita- ' tendent was appointed, and all other measures
ry bounties, will it be believed, very nearly supply adopted which were deemed necessary to ensure
the public demand for several years to crane, and' th e prompt arei faithfel esrforniance of that duty.
but little reliance can, therefore, be placed on that The appropriation alresci, made will, it is heliey
hitherto fruitful source of revenue. : ed.ire sidficleit t.. defrky the whole expense of the
Aside from• the permaueut annual expenditures, wler!e; work ; but further legislation may be neces
which have necessarily largely increased, a portion ' sary in regard te the (srapensation of some of-The
of. the public debt, anoaniting tu;•ti,079,911.6 59, marshals of the Territnees. It will also be proper
must be provided fur within the next two fiscal to make provisions br lawat an early day. for the
years. It is most desirable that these accruing de: publication of such anraraets of the returns an the
mands should be met without resorting to new public interests may rester - es -
loans. - 1 • The unprecedentedyrowth of our Territories on
All experience has demonstrated the wisdom and the Pacific in wealtliTind population, and the con
policy of raising a large portion of revenue for the ' sequent inc e ease of tkir social and commercial re
support of Guvernthent from duties on goods im- lations with the Atl.tic States, see - in to render it
ported. The power to law these duties is unques- the duty of the 0 oirminent to me all its constitu
tion:A:4le. and its chief object. of course, is to re- tional power to Mini; re the menus of intercourse
plenisli the treasury. But it, in doing this, an nisi- with them. The itir ;ruiner of opening "a line of
dental advantage mac be
. gained by elicouragu ig el nintilltlicadbil, the e•t and most expeditious of
the industry of our ~ W ll citizens. it is liar duty to which the nature the country will admit," be
await (11.11-6elVe9 of that advantage. re-ern the valley . . the Mississippi and the Pacific,
A duty laid upon an article wiucli &moot he pro- wis Im,itglit to your notice by my predicessor in
duced iii this cinuitr ) —such a' tea or cutter —adds his anneal message and as the reasons which be
to the cost of the article, and is chietki, ur wliiill, pre-r-litil iii laver of the measure still exist in full
paid, by the coesuruer. But a fury laid rival an four. I far...! leave 1, call your ettertion to them,
article which may be produced here, stiiiiritates tire rimi to repeat tarsi reeernmendatione then made by
I skill and industry of our own country to produce brio.
the same article, which is brought into the mut ket The uti.„-rta.reli which exists, in .regard to the
in competition with the foreign article, and the ini- yalidilv of the titles . in 'California, is a subject which
porter is thus impelled to reduce his price to that demands your e. /v consideration. Large bodies
at which the domestic article can be ..,tild, thereby of land in that Si `e are claimed under grants said
throwing a 'part of the duty upon the producer of or have been it ;:e by authority of the Spanish
the foreign article.
and Slexicsn G( sniments. Many - of these have
The contieuance of this process creates the skill, not been perfee 3, ethers have been revoked, and
and invites the capital, which finally enable sty tosonic are belt rd to be fraudulent. But until
produce the article much cheaper than it could the , / , hail hatie been judicially investigated, they
have been produced from abroad, thereby benefit- will cont inucetio retard the settlement and improve
; ing both the producer and the cunsumer at lonic. mese of the °Ornery. I therefore respectfully re-
The consequence of this is, that the artisan and the commend tha trovisioris be made by law, for the
, agriculturist are brought together , each a ff ords it appoint ment fOommissioners to examine all such
' reads market for the produce of tie other, the claims with riew to their fi nal adjustment
.
whole country becomes prosperous, and the ability ..
I also he .eave to call your, attention to the
to produce every necessary of life render; us aide-
en
propriety of v th such modifications as may be
can never be permanent. It will rare oer the State of California and the ter'
cause dissatisfaction and wiit bs' changed. It ex- ritorie- of 'talk and New Mexico. The mineral
' tennis will, of course, form an exceps
eludes competition, amid thereby invites the invest- 1„,,,i, o r
merit of capital in manufactures• to rueii excess that Ti ,., to an ,--r ner al system which may be adopted.
when changed it brings di -tress, bankruptcy, and Various i -hods of ilisposino• of them may be
re m
ruin upon all who have been misled by its faithless g„ted. ryas at first Inclined to favor the system
protection. What the manufacturer %% ant- is uni- of km-U. ..i it seemed to promise the largest rei
forruity and permanency, that he tuay li - el a Conti- vino! to .Government and to afford the best se
(-owe a I 1-t monopolies; but further reflection,
deuce, that he is not to be ruined by sudden eiJall,t.
:tail . 0,1 .e:perielice in leasing the lead mines and
es. But to make a tariff umforrli arid perukaoeut, It
iv not only necessary that Ihe law •-hvold not be al- ....e:Jing ..is upon credit, have brought my mind do
tered, bee , that the duty should not fluctuate. rio the,-,,i 1 411 i. that there would be great difficultY
effect this, all duties should be specific. whenever in cI: ..ng the rents, an
the the relation of debt
the nature of the article is such as to admit r f it. er ant ,-, litir between the citizens and the Gori s
Ad valorem duties fluctuate with the puce, and of I •riln; , wreilrl be attended w i t h min michiev
fer strong temptations to fraud and perien.
.. .., e s c • rp.rlicess
Specific duties, on the cirt•ii,... -:,., ci.,..., ~. , 1 i .-,aore recommend that, instead of retaining
undbrin in all is.ris
. re .! ;.: •; ;,...n. - an.i . er, a ihe 1 ...eral lands under the permanent control of
Th.- .1 ':; , 1-,-r. : , 1 .. - " J.,. .1 - * rerriment, they be divided into small Parcels
le•st ir , ,i,',.1,a. ins p., vs nr. nit',:. •I. i.. .1•ii. , 7. 11i.t• :Lail iind , , I, under iAuch resirictions, as toquantity aria
. 1 ,".i ii , „. ,•: 1.1021.. i 4 ,1,-,:,
.s, I kl,cte:r.., -tc..t. ; ,..v 'Ho ..,- will insure the best price, and guars most
r, ..r...nriri.: a !11.., I :,......; , . t.; ,! J. i., , ,:•••:1; :::, iff, c:f :.:ally against combinations of capitalists to
whia, leis r,, I , (ralt-d ..114.•• '.:. , ... !,,,-' .P. ;. , .1 - :.'. 111 i Monopolies.
~. annexriti on -of TeXas and-- the acquisition of
and necessary manufactures, and :!.:V . ,i .‘, dz... d:i
ties be imposed sufficient to raise die requisite rev- C li:.trnia and' New Mexico have given increased
colic, niating such discrimination in favor of the it rrtance to our . Indian relations. The Various
industrial pursuits' of on, awn country us to meow.- till., brought under our jurisdiction by these as
age home production. without excluding 1' rei.:n tikenlelati of our boundaries, are estimated to emi•
competition. It i- itii-i •ti,i, -I an , ;fiat fin 111,1 . ' I 1 - ,•0 a propulation of 124,000. •
..
nate provision lit the pre-,-sir iai•.l - vhich !,,,i....,....L k,- „. r 1 New Mexico are surrounded by c wt
a much higher duty up,,u th e rtw ii,..cri't ,; ' li,t , • r • ^ L ,. .. , f Indians, who are a source of conk
ters into manufactures than upon the iii.0.;,i.0,: ie , il -i•i-, i I i;rtil alin.',VanCe to the Inhabitants. Sept
article, should be remedied. , , -,
~ a ~ . ... -::,ail Dretilltory bands, and always
The papers accompanying the report of the Sec- 14,..turted i lie:, overt-tin the countryolevastating
rotary of the Treashry will disclose frauds attempt- . isriTl N de-triiying Crops, driving off Whole herds of
ed ripen; the revenue in variety and amount so ' tattle. and occasionally murdering the inhabitimbi
great as to justify the conclusion that it is impossi or carrying them into captivity. The gent roadti
ble, under any system of ad valorem duties leviel leading into the country are infested with them]
I
upon the foreign cost or value of the article, to. sie whereby travelling is rendered extremely danger.
cure an honest observance anti an effectual adniii- oils, and immigration is almost entirely arrested —4
istration of the laws, The fraudulent devices & The Mexican frontier, which, by the 11th article of
evade the law, which have been .detected by the the treaty of Guadelupe Hidalgo. we are bound
vigilance of the appraisers, leave no room to-dila' to protect against the Indians within our border, hi
that similar impositions, not discovered, to a large i exposed to these incursions equally with our carm,
amount, have been succesrfully practised s' re I The military force stationed in that country, M. ;
the enactment of the law now in force. This is I though forming a large proportiou of the, strin, , i t s
.of things has already had a prejudicial infludsce I represented as entirely. inadmittetet to our own,pro-r
upon those engaged iu foreign commerce, ' ii
withtectio isi o
e a x n i d es t ), he fulfilment
The
princ
i la p f a o l
It has a_ tendency to drive - the honest trader Ikir defrie t n Y ey s . tl i P s u in g ‘ t o,Vi ,
from the business of importing, and to throi that . airy, and I recommend that Congress should: at as
important branch of employment into the heed iof °mit ° period ito-PClNSiolib)o, provide for 'the rsitei
unscrupulous and dishonest meu, who are alike re- ing of ein "t t wlo 'C 4 : l ° 3 NOti of nounled me 4 - I
gardlees of Law and the obligations of an owl. By For further suggesti9ns lip tltis sttbjectt ~r , ..,
these means the plain intentions of Congress, as era oonneeted with 'Out
din
inte,reists, Mai
expressed in the law, are daily defeated. PEvery ' defence of ourirontier,..tiokr yen to' the report at
motive of policy and duty, therefore, imp,,,.. 1 428 to the Secretary of the Iniericir and 'or the Seceitaill
ask the earnest attention of Congress to this au - t'i- of War. .
jest. If Congress - should deem it unwise to at- I cotunend.also td your favofable,. conaideration!
~ . I
tempt an y important changes in "lateen of le. the suggestii;n * Contained in the.list .tavienwilid re: i
vying dutilP it this session, it will hew* Ind, port, and iith'e letter of the general' iri.cblef., relit-
..,
tire to thceetabrsehmentof adasylunt forth.
of clitrabled and deititate Soldiers. - Thissts: vee "`"
V s a° atr . t mg. Y . , O W VmPatllitm that:lt 'ou t
StiPeleaaa me* era y any thing ttio r ,, Q um ,
l; bs 'prreed e ar t l a pP r ? ba ti!nk' il l .
i ns -r4 v7 'miasma iodive protortion
colkne!! Tedether national interests its the 411.
!went Surma 10 f giebe; and - with the =Uptick'
of it, !toes.oteasner'oa the Northernlakes,the
f i ts
eels
asieoc tuni,fitio are - distributed in six differ%
The report of the head of that Deiartmest
exhibit the services. of - th eme exie end of the
several. vessels; d t h e
' year. It it Sso•Sree of gratifi44l,- ,
they have beeri entedaiitly p el , to 'Rhile
emergency, theihave every , tre.l l , ll l lll/ .4,, "tile
respect and courlesy,due as well to ti e L7l, the
to the peaceft4 , diaPolittoo and just Pario;;;lth:'
nation. " , • -
The two bricketines accepted by the Goieranea t
froni a generous eitiam of New York, and piece,
under the commend of as officer. of the navy, t o
proceed to the 4.rcticeeas in - quest of the British
commander, Sir John Pranklin,and liseompankes,
in compliance with the act of Congress, appm e d
in May last, bad when last heard from, Penetr a t e d ,
into a high northern-latitude; but- the success fir
this noble and humane enterprise is yet necertain.
I invite your attention to the view of our p res _
ent naval establishment rind resources presentedin
the report of the • Secretor?? of the Navy, and th e r'
suggestions therein mode or its improvement, t o .
gether with the naval policy recommended for th e
security of our paeific Coast, and the protection d
extension of our commerce with Eastern Asia_
Our facilities ter a larger paTticipation in‘the.trkj e
of the East, by meanvof our, recent settlements.%
the shores of the Pacific, are too obvious to berm e ,.
looked or disregarded
The questions in relation to rank in the oar
and navy, and_ relative to rank between officers of
the two branches of the service, presented to th e
Executive by eertain resolutions of the Souse of
Representativesi, at the last session of Congress
have been submitted to a board of officers in each
branch of the service. and their report may be. ex. -
petted at au early - day.
I also earnestly teem:extend the enactment of a
law authorising officers of the army and navy to be
retired frouithe service, when incompetent for its
vigorous and active duties taking care - to make
suitable provisiottelor those who, Bays faithfully
served their country, and awarding; distinctions, tm
retaining in appropriate commands those who hat's
been•particuLarly conspicuous for, gallantry and
good condut. While the-obligation of the country
to maintain and honor those who, to the exclusion •
of other pursuitti have devoted, themselves to its -
aeduons - serrice, thir Obligation should not be par.'
milted to interfere with the efficiency of the service.
itself.
I am gratified in being able tostate that the es
timates of. expenditure for the Navy in the ensuing
year are less,,by more than one million of dollars,
than those of the present, excepting the appropria
tion which may become necessary for the.eenstrne•
tion of a dock on the - coast of the Pacific. - propoei;
thins for which are now being considered, and on
which a special report may be expected early in
yonr present sesame.
' There is an evident justness in the suggestion - of
the same report, that appropriations tor the naval
service proper should be separated from those. for
fixed and permamptt objecta,suelias building docks
and navy yards ' and the fixtures attached ; and
from the extraordinary, objects under the care of
the Department, which, however important, are not
essentially naval.
A revision of the code for the government of the
navy seems to require the immediate consideration
of Congress, Its systems • of crimes and punish
ments had undergone Ito charge for half a century
until the last session, .though its defects have been
often and ably pointed oat, and the abolition of a
particularscies of corporal. punishment, which
then took p lay, without providing any substitute,
has left the service in a Mete of defectiveness, which
calls for prompt correction. I therefore recommend
that the whole subject be revised without delay and
such a system established for the enforcement of
discipline, as shall be at once humane and effectu
al
The accompanying . report of the Postmaster
General presents a sansfadory view of the opera
tions and conditions of that department
At the close of the last fiscal year. the length of
the inland mail routes in The United States (not
embracing the service in Oregon and California) was
178,672 miles ; the 'annual transportation thereon
46,54-1,423 miles:, and the annual coat` of such
tsansportation 82,724,426. •
The increase of the annual transpriliation over
that of the preceedmg year was 8,987,364 mßes,
and the increase is cost was $342,448
The number of pad offices in the United, States
on the first day of.luly last, Was eighteen thousand
four hundred and seventeen- 7 being an itemise of
sixteen hundred and `esevelity iiitring the preceding
year.
The gross revenue Of the departnient for the fis
cal year ending June 30th, 1840, amounted to aTil
millioni five hundred and fifty two thorwand nine
hundred and sevehty oue dollars and forty eight
cents, including- the annul appropriation of two
hundred and sixty thousand , dollars for the franked
matter of the departments, and excluding the for
postages collected for and payable to theßri
tish .Govemment.
The expenditures . for the same period were five
millions two hundred and twelve thousand nine
hunched and fifty 'three dollars and forts three
cents—leaving a Wince 'of revenue aver expendi
tures of three hundred and forty thousand and
eighteen dollars and fiire cents..
I am happy tb find that the fiscal condition of -
the department is snOi as to justifyihe.Postmaster
General in recommending the redfiction of our in
land letter postage to three cents. • tingle letter
when' repaid, and floe cents when not prepaid.-
perße-also recommends that ; the paid rate shall
be reduced to two cents whenever the revenues of
the department, after the reduction, *ball exceed
its expenditures by more than five percent fir two
consecutive years; that the postage upon
,editor.
nia and other letters sent by our oceans ere
shall be much reduced; and that - the ratea: pos
;um
tags on newspapers, pamphlets, ' periohs, and .
other printed matter shall be moed, and' some
reduction thereon made. • ,
It cannot be doubted that the proposed re--
duction will, for the spent, diminish the
revenues of the DePartment. •Itis • believed
that the aeficiency, after the surplus. already
accumulated shall be exhausted, may he sir •.
most wholly met, either' by abolishiat the, '
existing privileges, of sending free . Matter
through the mails, or by 'paying out Of-ihe
Treasury to this' Past °ilia defertgrantimun
egnivalent to the, Postage of w hich it ' 1 dp
prived by such Swinges. The lasti sup
posed to be, the preferable . mode, and ill if
not entir4y,, , stkiiiirly, supply
,the: deficiency
Ae to make ikity, ftirther alproplatio,q! that
Way be fouW necifiakei: 6l Po lo 97Asierfitb)e is
to t6rm nO:4l;ists,clei to:*1*0004, "Peliw,
lion. : ' - •.• • " ''' '. 4
I antertall- no 'doubt-of the - mixtbority of!
Congress- to Mikke'approprlatiatuauq4o4 4 ,
d . bjeute thae9l4kof,py i blic worts
sung whati war*b.f rte r "
in sprovemmst — lbiksotiKtiOt 4 I RPP?" ,
to be deriv,e4 CiT Ter
'dieting comtni**4 -foreign wok* and
among the Sivas; imit the power of layls
and nollectitglinpost. Where commerce it
to be carried on* and- impae: the"' •
must be'ports - andlarbors, as well is *Wry: