SDA EMBERit 184'
An Mr.
is - cinie engagement,, we offer to
4aseribers not in arrears more than the
IBA that if they Willpay us the cash
lire* ,by Aatanlay the 29th fur that
to come, they may have-both at the
hirealfsB for ifie:aige
18110. Who'll save a halt dollar by
extend the time of the above offer till
day. -After that we Will not agree to
justly due u. 3 by taking the ad
price for what is not actually paid in
•.within 11. few weeks of the beginning of
We: wish all whose subicziptions cam
-the year would, if possible, benefit
WI by paying immediately the - , ad-
Emil). coming year. It might save us
..and embarrassment by doing so.
Ada encloia.,Bille of the amount due
and of this year N aslast as we can get
soaks them out. N
filters informed that we we m error in
•ly that the ezpoit , relative t he Sus:.
n ßeril tsßa
nk which we have copi •om
Y. was published at the wish
.of the Directors otthe Bank. We believe
written and published by hfr. Case fur pub- ,
,On his own responsibility, with the
of some gentlemen here not Directors
1 •
the Bank
Orrai BA/XII3 did not come on Saturday night,
prevented by- the storm Or some accident
getting here. There was a " mistake," there
in om announcement ; and we shall take care
to assure the public again of their coming, till
itave the most positive 'proof of it
A Speaker Chosen at last
On 'Saturday last the House of Representatives
elected a speaker on the plurality vote.—
: rule of requiring an absolute majority of
Thole number of cotes rendering it impossible
Re a choice while there were sd many scat
for ultra slaveryites of the South on
and Free Scalers on the other, the mhin
of the Whigs and also of - the Lows getting
I of being held in this state of disorganization
these factions, whereby nearly three weeks of
was already wasted -in useless strife,
agreed on a resolution to make choice by a
ity rote;- and Howell Cobb Of Georgia, the
Is first nominated by the Locos, was chosen
102 votes to 100 for R. C. Winthrop, Whig, and
Kettering votes thrown away on_ Free Soil and
candidates.
The final vote stood as follows :
; Cobb ; (Low.) 102
.Winthrop, (Whig,)
) Wilmot,(F. 5.,)
'lEltrosig.(l" , -o ) •
Votehewl,
(Whig 3
Berea Boyd:Colcock and Potter. (Locos,) Dur
). a) and Stephens (Whig,) had each one
lint it will be seen that besides the 5 Southern
who threw away *their votes on Morehead
Amos, diem were four more elected by
who _threw away their rotes on Wilmot,
Giddings and Root of Ohio, Alen of M Qr,a
:its, and Howe of Pewee., any hree of .whom
might have decided the contest in favor of Win
,theop had they been sincere in opposing the as
sietideney of the slavery power, instead of standing
out to let in a full blooded southern Loco. They
thus, while making great pretensions to seal
in-behalf of Free Soil, given away 'the control of
the House as 'well as of the Senate. to the Southern
Lionfooo,,Slavery Extensiouhts.
The Message.
iraa reeeived hire yesterday-morning, and bc
iyironly about eine half the length of some of its
illustrious predecessors," we aro enabled by extra•
ordinary east's:lna and putting aside other matter,
tertira it today. No time or room for comments.
. - • Mangy at Washington.
We give'in another art's le the result of Tuesday
and Wednesday's strife. ' On Tuesday there was
quite wilare-up made by' Giddings and Root on the
appointment of six Whigs and six Locos as corn
let encases of each -party to effect some
, by Which to elect a Speaker of the
-they feared the matter was likely to, be
aettiniwithaut their aid, and in spite J ofi-their third
party operations. One more vote was token which
31 7tre scattered than ever, and the House ad
!
m i u
On 'Friday' there-vas not much de by the
6 / 1 11 ‘;. ~is they . -Ir-0-e-i!lNvaltling the It of the
emate -I reem.omunittees, which recOmm Ocl that a
13pisker he'ehosen by is plurality vote on Saturday.
"liChillaturdaf, after astortny Contest rind 8 more
bide to elect a Speaker by a msibrity, according
4:lote,
ton resolution agreed to, choice was made on the
filki (in all) by a plurality, as detailed above.
• _
~ . ; Mendaythe President it Message Was read Sc.
e o rganiza ti on of CoMmittees by e Senate
, - ,
fear Sich the LocOs have a decided jority and
taa4iaken the appointment of them t t4'• the
- , yii. isssident's.hands, hasshown am t shameful
.„.., .. . ,
l i t er#F l 4pthe ultra Sla'v ' ery O . titeasi "sts of &I
*
Sonti. Not content with half, 4ha manag ed
httbe help of some Northern Altought es, to mo
nopolize 4 to 1 on Forfig!! Relations ant .. 3 ks :o 2 on
6 4- litillicis4, - ; on ,Tervihnies, On the ' rict of .
isi,. on afilitary,antl on li:aval affairs € . ' Thus
South as usual over-reached the North.
1 i ll -il44is 'ter his the pllow'
mei , mi
of • doings incarnate during the 1241
the lionie,On l'awalsty, liter lad _
ta,' fern* PhEeeA'f.terTnliaalien
~...,, 'four more . baltobags allacl,
the 56th. On this toillot, , Winth
Br 4: 47, Cobb 1771deCefhard, fll. 2
PA.J k and 24 lantOrlng.. Bernre the
• , Wr:'flit:ylfiiiv'and -
y between me Dia of N.: nand
of V ' bid he& ,iettled. r Doer infev
of Itteachii . that the latter was it
'tat,' . ' in - proelanned fibre 'This 'r,
i rePeWtoY Meade, and 5
dery .inodcretedabt,
4: .17,10iikliii0iiele At 9 * .
• -
time Aimed that , , , , • gentlemen '
A ion, and sbus the way prof'
1 1 '
°Pe° lella/ Or la iteen kifikikilf.t er k
a
daye of fi'' ' sat Itititfily r accoatpw.4
Meade )6' , al quic' Ilv a tiompereckitad gainer
ous -,,,g4lhter t a ' nectre.'lsßotlitiiie
exciallent shots- id a • . eating *ou, kl '.
abli have jirov fa ts
~- l ii poi,* both. ;,1* • , -',,
t
The:gisni* Vedissaikt._ , fialkeli Onstit _Ong,
its committees an adjourned.
-In thstßatiskiits-Wsoksaidiiiy.,./.eariety-of.
ositione for secur,,ing:a speedyrganization w e of
fered, but none of them adopted. Three trig, a to
I elects' Speaker weft had but all without an ap
proach towards effecting that desirable result. In
the balloting Mr, Winthrop fell back again Some
en .N - 04ew s 4p!iforts wipAipt! commits 9 1
isngr rlizi
.
ictiPartiesto ire rives oiin
tion were fruitleas. As its is we wish (as sug t
ed by the Tribmie,l the Piesident would sten the
Message to the:Senate and . not: wait longer for the
1 House to get into order. l 1
1 In reference to thenon-oiganizatin of the House,
the National Intelligencerteat's that, let, the exist
ing contest terminate wheti it may, the. wheels of
government will-still go vitt revolving is 'quietly
and as harmoniously, as though the Speakerl had
been chosen at the first tril on the first iday of the
session. i
, . 4j
,
The Meows Dirricetrv...-LThe fact is,stated by
the correspondent of the New York Evening post,
that it having been taken for granted; beforel the
-House met; on Wedilesd,ait of last week, that Wm.
J. Brown Would be elect* speaker on the next
ballot, or the second at falhest, he had prepared
his installation speed', andlhis poor wife had gone
with him to the House to Share hie triumph. She
was in the!gallery of the House when his prospects
were so ignommiously blasted. Had that fact been
generally known to the thembers, it is probable
that she would have been spared much a the ago
' ny which the scene before per must have °maim
.. A more terrible reyulsion of feeling than
awa her it would not he easy fur human heart
to sur • ,'and it is to be hived that lave, which
isver the same,
Through glom. and throng glory, through sin and
through :.. . e— ;
• • 1
may, have sustained ..•r arid tempered an afflietion
for which all ordinary cimsolations would have
' been vain and impotent.—:!teily News. .
a
Wno is Wit. J. BROWN It Ito :ht to be under
stood, for the benefit of Mi Giddin • : Mr. Wilmot,
Mr. Durkee, Mr. Allen and Mr. P- lii : that the
candidate Whom they supported for Spe: • r-41r.
Wm. J. Brown—removed more than tour . • . red
postmasters in the State of, New York, beep . e
they were suspected of acb(ocating Mr. Van Boren,
and replaced them with as( many others\ because
they were Opposed to the principles set forth hi the
Buffalo platform. The records of the Departnient
furnish the.evidence to establish this fain and , the
reasons which influenced adtion.,--Daily News. 1
STEIL
iD~
PRESIDENT* igEasApE.
Fellow-Citisens of the Scot4te and Houle of Rep-
reßentatiies
Sixty years have elapsed:since the establishirient
of this Government, and the Congress of the Uni
ted States again assembles; to legislate for anem
pire of freemen. The p - redictions of evil prophets,
who .formerly pretgaded tOciretell the downfall of
our institutions, are now rem'emberod only to be
derided, and the United States of America, at this
moment, presents to the world the most Stable fund
permanent Governinent oniearth. . 1
Such is the result of the labors of those who
have gone before ns. Upon Congress! will emi
nently depend the future maintenance of our Sys
tem of free government, and the transmission Of it,
unimpaired, to posterity. : 1
We are at peace with all the world, and seek to
maintain our cherished relations of amity with the
rest of mankind. During the past year, we I re
been blessed, by a kind Providence, with an a un
dance of the fruits of the earth ; and, although the
destroying' ngel, for a tinin, visited extensiver
ir..
tions of our territory with the ravages i# a d ad
ful pestilence, yet, the Almighty has :at le ph
deigned to stay his hand, and. to restore the inesti
mable blessing of general health to a people -a-ho
have acknowledged his power, deprecated? his
wrath, and implored his mlrciful protection. '
While enjoying the benefits of amicable inter
course with forei b vn nations ire have not been' in
sensible to the distractioni and wars Which have
previuled in other quarters of the world. It is a
proper theme okhanksgiving to Him who rulesithe
destinies of nations, that $e haze been Ale , to
maintain, amid all these contests, an independent
and neutral position towards! all belligeient pow- :
I err. 1 t 1 1
Our relations with Great /Ititain are of the most 1
friendly character. In consequence of ,!tbe recient
alteration of the British navigation acts, British
vessels, from British and other foreign ports, ivill
(under oui existing laws,)after the firit day of Jan
uary next, be permitted to entry in our ports, with
cargoes of the growthonatinfacture or production
of any part 4 ,of 'the World,' cif the same terms, at to
duties, impoSts., and ehargei, ds vessels of the sui
ted Ritates with their cargos and our Vers. els win
be admitted tp the same 4! ;in British
ports, enter‘g-therein on the same terms as Brit
ish vessels. ;-. Should no otder in council disturb
this leg isla t ive arrangenietit; the late act of the
British Parliament, by which' Great BritaM is
brought within the terms iraposed by' the•adt of
Congress ' the Ist lia.rchli 1817, it is hoped, Will
l be productive of benefit tolyth countries.
1 - A slight interruption of diplomatic Interemirse,
ttvrliich occurred between ithus Government and
1 France, I am happy to sai,!bas' been terminated,
' and our Mituiter there ho' been received.lt is
therefore unneces.ry tcyreferolow, to the circhm.
stances which led to that iilderruption. .I neednot
Envoy
Extriordinary and Min' ister[Plepilxitentituy fr.• . a
sister republic, to which we hare so long been, and
still remain,: bound by the fittonge-4 ties' of a .. ty.
Shortly after 1 had entered upon the, &sell b e
of the Fxecutive duties, Ilras apprized that a ar
steamer, belonging to the german Empire, w be
ing fitted out in the liartioriof New York. with the
aid of someiof our var*l rs, rendered u del
the permission.of the late Secretary of thet.N vy
Iffuy.
This permisaion was gran d during an a • tic
between that Empire and the •liingdom ,of 'ter
• mar,k, which hadbeen engaged in the iSchl wi
Holstein war. Apprehensive that this act ö ii
terVention, on our part, !nightly. viewed as a vi
%lotion of our neutral obligations.incurred by tl
'
Treatv with: Denmark. and'of the provisions of B
,
of Congrese. of April 24th, 1818. I directed h
no fer aid should be: re n der ed by, any . t
officer f the Navy;-,and LiaSfructed the SeC e
ry of fate to apprize the .1 . 44.1 t# of floe ..
e Ge
.2. 4 ,accr,.. 40 thfs liiivettuient, of .an i
to tinni,to execute tile, -`-X•li ;91 the, 0 i
States and itottotiota**4; - : 1 - 01 of treaties
aitraatieas.. [Pig qi*ppingqie t c, which ensu .
tween ,thejlepartmentsf ptat e anti..-the it ,
i of the Gen* EniP*ls hee,.oviihllai4 be&
i The execution „of,thd law.i* AY obiert '
. the treaty were dee id by ,rite to Xe.ellie , to
1
I honor of th.couptry,.....s_will:Us i.e' the sacred'
gations of the Condit i dol I 4141 not,fail to
sly the isan'Y - eine: ' should - `ti ii . egilsir,•enie
with any aather natio n " litiiiqqatrowerd; the':
ion, on , takiii! , the Y Of - 05,WY,fizitt, in t he':
..
1 with couttictrog , tOrei4ta'Geliainnentii, it? is'our
texest
,not,l . tlinp' r-- - - - . ' -
summary
and 19th :
°llthg
wete pro
ptladg e:7 l
Howe id
ihdt the
1 .Meade
neutral, T4ll it . ;t : aban4
(rein the endespehatm
1** , 50 this: 01
is
tiger* pin? rs interest,
Ail:lough Wirer
Iri-AuginiCltlol, tint a.
atteidaniCiitt.
a Minister, 4Onted .
received *W. accreditA
from a
Disunion
•• • Was
1 1 "* .eimuu tt
r' '. r tdder .
ed to be
pent as that'of the German ; Empire, has been dis -
• k Stely constituted. Air. I:kmelsort; , gar Represenia-
Aireitt Frankfort, remained there Several monde;
in the expectation': that a mien of the erman
6 1
:States, under our Conatimtion or form of , em
inent, might, at hmgth, be organived. T . , ls - ov .
id, by these tveW acquainted with the *sting re
lations between Prussia and the States of Gerixia
ny, that„no such onion can. be, permanently,v4b
lished.without ber co-operation. In the event of
, the formation of such a union, and the organisation
I of a central pewer in Germany, of which she should
form a part; it would become necessary to with-
I draw our Minister at Berlin ; but while Prussia ex
ists as an_indepeudent lCing,dom, , and diplomatic
'relations are maintained with her, there can be no
necessity for the continuance of the mission at
Frankfort. I have, therefore, recalled Mr:Donel
son, and directed the archives of the legation, at
- Frankfort, to be transferred to the American lega
tion at Berlin. •
Ravin. , been apprized that a considerable num
ber of adveaturers were engaged in fitting out a
military expedition, within the United States,
against a foreign country • and believing, from the
best information I could obtain, that it was destin
ed to invade the Island of Cuba, I deemed it due
to the friendly relations existing between the Uni
ted States and Spain; to the treaty between the
nations; to the laws of the United,State.s, and,
above all, to the American honor, to exert the law
ful authority'of this Government in suppressing
the expedition and preventing the invasion. To
this end I issued a proclamation, enjoinites. it upon
the officers of the United States, civil and military,
to use all lawful means within their power. A
copy of that proclamation is herewith submitted.
The expedition has . beee'suppressed. So' lone as
the act of Congiisn'iaf the 20th of April, 1818,
which owesita existence to the law of nations, and
to the policy of Washington himself, shall remain
on the statute-book, I hollit to be the tlut l yof the
Executive faithfully to obey its injunctions. "
While this expedition was in progress, I was in
formed that a foreigner who claimed our protec
tion, had been clandestinely, and, as was suppesed,
forcibly carved off in a vessel from New Orleans
to the island of Cuba. I immediately caused such . _
steps to be taken as I thought necessary, in ease
the information I had received should prove cori,.
rect, to vindicate the honor of thecountry; and theY.
right of every person - seeking an asylum on
soil to the protection of our laws. The person els
lei ed to have been abducted was promptly restor
ed, and the circumstances of the case ~ere now
about to undergo investigation before the judicial
tribunal. I would respectfully suggest that, al
though the crime charged to have been committed
'n this case is held odious, as being in conflict with
o 'opinions 'on the subject of national sovereignty
and • recital freedom, there is no prohibition of it
or pram. went for it prOvided in any act of Con•
gross. expediency of supplying this defect in
our crim . code is therefore recommended to
your considers
I iieve sem.. . • avoided any interfere-n.n in
the wars and conte 'ons which have recently dis
tracted Europe.
' During the late con'n. between Austria and
"Hungary, there seemed to . a prospect that the
latter might becomb an indepei ent nation. How
ever faint that prospect at the e appeared, I
thought it my duty, in accordance 'th the genes
al sentiment of the American people, • ho deeply '
sympathised with the Magyar patriots, stand
prepared, upon the contingency of the est. ai s h..
inept by her of a permanent government, to b be
first to welcome independent Hungary into t
family of nations, For this purpose, I invested an
agent, then in Europe, with power to declare our
. wllin nosy promptly 'to recognize her independ.
enee.in the event of her ability to sustain it. The
powerful intervention of Russia, in the contest, ex
tinguished the hopes of the struggling Magyars.—
The United States did not, at any time, interfere
in the contest; hut the feelings of the nation were
strongly enlisted in the cause, anil by the suffer
ings of a brave people, who had .made a gallant
thotigh unsuccessful effort to be fi ee.
Our claims upon Portugal have teen, during the
past year, prosecuted with renewed vigor, and it
has been my object to employ every effort of hon
orable diplomacy to procure their adjustment
Our late Charge d'Affairs at Lisbon, Hon. George
W. Hopkins, m4de able and energetic, but unsuc
cessful efforts td settle these unpleasant matters of
controversy, and to obtain indemnity for the wrongs
which were the subjects of complaint Our prev
ent Caarge d'Aftairs at that Court will, also, bring
to the prosecution of tho s e claims ability and zeal.
The revolutionary and distracted condition of Por
tugal, in,past times, has been represented as one of
the _leading causes of her delay in indemnifying
our suffering citizens. But I must now say it is a
matter of profound regret that these claims have
not been settled. The omission of Portugal to do
justice to the American claimants has now assu
med a character so grave and serious, that I shall
shortly make it a subject of a special message to
Congress, with a view to such ultimate action as
its wisdom and patriotism may suggest.
With Russia, Austria, Prussia, Sweden, Den
mark, Belgium, the Netherlands, and the Italian
States, we still maintain our accustomed 'at - nimble
relations. t
During the recent revolutions in the Papal States,
our Charge d'Affairs at Rome has been unable to
present his letter of credence, which, indeed, he
was directed by my - predecessor td withhold until
he should receive further orders. Such was the
unsettled condition: of thirr , s in those States, that
it was not deemed expedien t' ° to give him am in
structions on the :subject of presenting his creden
tial letter different from those with which he had
been furnished by the late Administration, until
the 25th of June last• when, in consequence of the
12
want of accurate ifif or ation of the exact state of
things, at that distant rom us, he was instructed
to exercise his own discretion in presenting Lim
self tosthe then existinc , government, if, in his judg
ment, sufficiently stabl e;' or if not, to await further
events. Since that period Rome has undergone
agother revolutio n, and he abides the establishment
of a Government Sufficiently permanent to justify
him in opening diplomatic intercourse with it,
With the Republic of Mexico it is our true poli
cy to cultivate the most friendly relations. Since
the ratification of .the Treaty of Guadalupe Ilia'.
go, nothing has occurred of a serious character to
disturb them. A faithful observance of thelittity,
and a sincere yespect of her rights, cannot fail to
secure the lastin,,o. confidence and friendship of that
Republic. The 3iessage of my predecessor to the
House of Representatives, of the Bth of February
last, communicating, in compliance with a resolu
tion of that body, a copy of a paper called A Pro
tocol, signed atjQueretaro on the 30th of May,
1848, by the Commissioners of the United States
and the Minister of Foreign Affairs of the, Mesil
can Government, having been the subject of corres
pondence -between the Department of Stgte and
the Envoy. Extriordinary and Minister Plenipoten4:
tiary of that Republic accredited to this Govern
ment, a transcript of that correspondence is here.
with-subtnittciL.
. The Commissioner on the part of the United
States ter making the toundary between the two
republics, though delayed in reaching San Diego
by:whir - seen obstacles, arrived at that place with]
in a•short period., after the time required by the
treaty, and was there joined by the Commissioner
on the .tiart of litexico. . They entered upon their
.duties; rind, at the date of the latest intelligehce
from that,quarter, some progress had teen made
'')
in the .survey. ; he expenses incident in the or •
imitation oftlie nuniesion, and to its ennveyvoice
to. the point whe its operations were lo Vegiii
have so much redneed the fund apprupriated by .
Congress, that, a. further sum, to cover the charge 4
which must bc,ineurred during the present fiscal
yenr,wiilin, . 1 ,! 01 %0 4 ,g0',. 7-: .i r.* great length, of frno
do r ''' ... I'Mca . sPe.. oo uwirY extends, the nature
or a n , -
..,,,;,, $11:14 the difficulty of oh;
landing; - )4 or near the extremes of
the link - , ) -. indispensable that "tiliberid
provision'should be made to meet the necessary
Vou.
of
the
/
charges during the. nseat r year, „siding on the. 30th
. of j z i n e, 18W I accortringly .namendAis sub:
jedtn your *Writing.- .
In' the adjnitmenkof tho,4 of Am/artoint•• ;ci
tizens on Mtc4lCo, PrOvidett for b.) , the htiOrititi,
the employment or eramrel4: • • the part.:of tlny
Government, may hem)* im ant for 'tile - $O, - -
pckse of assistinc , The' Ceinnaisi4ipners in - protecting
the interests of the United Statw. . I recommexid.
this subject to the early and favorable considera
tion 'of Ofocgre&s. •
Complaints have. been made In regard to the in
etbiciency of the means providd by the 'Govern-
Ault of New Grenada fur transporting the United
States Mail across the Isthmus of Panama, pursu
ant to our Postal connection 'With that Republic,
on the oth of March, 1844. Our Clukrge d'Affairs
at Bogota has been directed to mike such repre
sentations to the Government Of New Grenada as
will, it is hoped, lead to•ii prop pt removal of this
cause of complaint. . •,
The sanguinary civil war with which the Repub
lic of Venezuela has for some time past been raw
aged. has been brought to a close. In its progress,
the rights of some of our citizens resident ur tra
ding there, have been violated., The restoration of
order will afford the Venezuellin Government an
opportunity to epinine and redress these grievan
ces, and others of long standing, which our repre
sentatives at Caraccas have hitherto ineffectually
urged upon the attention of that Government.
The extension of the cont United States
on the Pacific, and the unexampled rapidity with
which the inhabitants of California, especially, are
increasing in numbers, have imparted new conse
quence to our relations with the other countries
whose territories herder upon that ocean / It is
'able that the intercourse 'between those coun
tries and one possessions in that quarter, particu
larly with the Republic of Chili, will become ex
tensive and mutually advantageous in proportion
as California and Oregon shall increase in popnla
tion and wealth. It is, desirable. therefore, that
this Government should do every 'thing in its pow
er to foster and7strengthen its relations with those
Bn4es. and :that the spirit of. amity between us
Staadd,be rnuitial and cordial. -
,
'..ltebannziend the observance of the same course
41,:iwOrds 1111.. other American States. The United
=fates a stand' as the great American power to
littelti•titt natural ally and friend, they will
t SYs . be'diliposed first to look for mediation and
_ .•,. ‘ tp. i the event of any collision between
ititikatirEuropean nation. As such, we may
Alen kindly Mediate in their behalf, without en
tangling ourselves in foreign wars or unnecesspry
controversies. Whenever the faith of our treaties
with any of them shall require our interference,
we must necessarily interpose.
A convention has been negotiated with Brazil,
providing fur the satisfaction of American claims
on that Government, and it will be submitted to
the Senate. Since the last se-ision of Congress, we
received an Envoy Extitundinary and Minister
Plenipotentiary from that Etelp' ire, and our rela
tions with it are founded on tls most amicable un
derstanding.
-Your attention is earnestly Invited to an amend
ment of ouresistirig laws relating to the African
Slave Trade, with a view to the effectual suppres
sion of that barbarous traffic. It is not to be de
nied that this trade is still, it4mt, carried on by
means of vessels built in tlit4 United States, and
owned or navigated by soma of our citizen.-. The
correspondence 'between the Department of State
and the Minister and Counsul df the United States
at Rio de Janeiro, which has from time to time
been laid before Congress, represents that it L. 4 a
ustomary device to evade the penaltie- of our
la sby means of sea-letters. Vessels sold in Bra
zit, en provided with such papers by the Consul.
ipstea. f returning to the United_States f..r a new
register, ~ceed, at once, to die coast of Africa,
for the put., k_e of obtaining cargoes of shave-4.
Much additio. information, of the same character,
has recently beet transmitted.,to the Department
of State. it has n. been considered the policy of
our laws to subject a American citizen who, in a
foreigd country purcl a vessel built in the Uni
ted States, to the inconvent iceof sending her home
for a new register, before per . tting her to proceed
on a voyage. Any alteration . ; the laws, which
might have n tendency to impede e free transfer
of property in vessels between !Our izentig ar the
free navirration of those vesselS‘.betw • different
parts of the world, when employed in la •ful com
merce, should be well and cantiously cons ered ;
but I trust that your wisdom will devise a Int. hod
by which our general policy, in ibis respect. as. v
be preserved, and at thg same time . the abuse o
our flag, by inems.of 4s-letteam, in the manner in
dicated, may be prevented.
Raving ascertained that there is no prospect of
the re-union of the five States 9f Central America,
which formerly composed the Republic of that
name, wt. - have separately negOtiaterl with some of
them Treaties of Amitt and commerce, which will
be laid before the Senate. -
A contract having been concluded with the State
of Nicaragua, by a company ciao posed of American
citizens for the Furposc of constructing a ship canal
thrOugh the territory of that State, to connect the
,Atlantic and Pacific Oceans. I have directed the ne
.gotiation of a Treaty with Nicaragua, pledging both
Governmmits to protect those who shall engage -in
and perfect the work. All othbr nations are invi
ted by the State of Nicaragua to enter into the
same Treaty stipulLitions with her ‘, an] the bene
fit to be derived by each from such an arrange
ment will be the protection of this great inter-oce
anic communication against any power which might
seek to obstruct it, or to monapolize its advanta
ges. All States entering into hush a Treaty will
enjoy the right of passage through the canal on
payment of the same tolLx
The work, if constructed under these guarantees,
will become a bond of peace, instead of a subject
of contention and strife, betwean the nations of the
earth. Should the great maritime State of Europe
consent to this arrangement, (and we have no rea
son to suppose that a propoijtion so fair and hon
orable will be opposed by any,) the ehergies of
their people and oars will co-operate in iSromoting
the success of the enterprize. do not recommend
any appropriation from the National Treasury fur
this purpose, nor do I believe that such an appro
priation is necessary. Private;enterprise, if prop.
erly protected, will complete the work, should it
prove to be feasible. The parties who have pro
cured the cha:rter from Nicaragna,'for its construc
tion, desire nu assistance from this Governinant be
yond its protection and they Profess that, having
examined the proposed line of communication, they
will be ready to commence the undertaking when
ever that protection shall be extended to them.—
Should there appear to be reitson, oil examining
the whole evidence, to entertain a serious doubt of
the practicability of consfructiog,:such a cued', that
doubt could be easily solved by an actual explora
tion of the route.
Should such a work be conistructed, under; the
common protection of all nations, for equal benefits
to all, it would be neither justinor expedient that
any great maratitne State.suld couiriand the
communication. The teiritoryi.tbrough which dui .
canal may be opened ought to, be freed . from the
claims of anyforeign power. 1.4.) such poWer should
occupy a position that would erntble it tier to
exercise so controlling an infiunice over the com
merce of the world, or to obstrriet . a highway which
ought to be dedicated to thecOminoo uses of
man
kind. .
' The routes across, the istiunfas. at Tehuantepec
and Panama, are also worthy Of onr ,serious eon
,lo
sideration: - They did not fad engage - Die atten
tion of my predecessor.. Tho.ri Cuttor-of the trea
ty of Gaudalupo Hidalgo, yel l - instructed lo offer
a very large sum of money,fortille right *of transit;
across the Isthmus of Tehuant,cpec... The Noricum,
government did not accede to '.the proposition:fur
the purchase of the right of.wty, probablY because'
it - had already odatractadArtrate Indiyasals .
for the construction of a from ,tEe , Gilmer .
etudeo river to Tehuant e pec.i Liball• _wi t renew
eny proposition to purchase, for money; a right
which ought to be equally secered to all . nations,
kdsktoll to the owners ut
doubtless, be well
, 4ittion,eul the guarani
) B` , • of the 4 ireeld, in Berne
ted: ithillaick binding her
whi hould construct the
meld do. trio - re to secure'',
maiielition•Alirough the
other_rea4ol4l.Rur.
ffered; and us•ltexico
er gainer by•the opening
-een the Gulf and the
I.ed that she would. not
n the manner proposed,
ent so important to her
at p ayment pftreasognkl
the tropecivementi whin;ilr
cceiteuted,trO-tbat comps
tee,l,of Stnl
ittuftr4tiee negetiated.'",
44 them to iiimeet thees
jrCirk:'4, Suckisuaiante*
the completiint of ille'4zoi
.3e01.1 , 0TY. of-8P , W.00 ,t l . l aP„.
sideration that could be
herself would be the greapl
of this comMunication bet
Pacific Ocean, it is preset
hesitate to yield her aid,.
to actoniplisb an improvei
bestintereste.
We have reason to hot
road across the Isthmus a
fully constructed, under
treaty with New Grenad.
by my predecessor on the.
which guarrintees the per
mss, and the rights of so
New Grenada over that
that the free transit from
be interrupted or emba
of the treaty. It is our
practicable route across
nects North and South
road or Canal, which the
our citizens may induce t
consider it obligatory upo
especially in consequence
of facilitating intercourse
the Pacific.
The position of the San
erence to the territory of
Pacific; the success of On
oleut citizens who have
quarter in christianizing
them to adopt a system
suited to their capacity t
made by out numerous w
of the islands as places of
freshments and repairs, al
destiny peculiarly interest
to entourage the authori
their efforts to improve all
political condition of th
should make reasonable a
ties inseparable from this
the islands may maintain
that other nations should
sentiment. We cculd in a
their passing under the dcl
er. The principal comm!
a common interest, and,
of them will attempt to
entire independence of th,
The receipts into the
vear ending on the 30th
forty-eight millions eight
sand ninety-seven dollar%
097 50,) and in Treasur,
ions eight hun`dred and
lars, ($1O,835,000,) makin
nine millions six, hundred
ninety-seven dollars arid)
;) and the expenditur
in cash, forty-six millions
ty-eight thousand six hun
lars and eighty-two cents,
Treasury notes funded, to
and thirty-three thousand
king an aggregate of fifty
dred and thirty-one thous
tv seven dollars and eiglit
g 2.)
the accounts and estimtes which 'mill be sub
mitted to Congress in the Report of the Secretary
of the Treasury, show 'th. there will probably be
a deficit, occasioned by th expenses of the 2.lexi--
can War and Treaty, on t is Ist day of July next,
of five millions eight ho died an twenty-eight
thousand one hundred' am twenty-one dollars and
sixty-six cents, (5,828,12 66,) and on the Ist day
of July. 1851, of ten milli ns five hundred and foi•-
ty-seven thousand and ni etc-two dollars and FCV
enty-three c.ent.- - eNI 0,544,092 '73,) making in the
whole a probable deficit, obe provided for, "of six
teen millions three hand . and-seventy-five thou
sand two hundred and fo rteen dollars and thirty
nine cents, (16,31'5,21-1 39 The extraordinary -ex•
pewes of the War with t exico, and-the purchase
of - California and New-M.xico, exceed in amount
this deficit, together with .he loan.- heretofore made
for those objects. I there Ore recommend that au
thority be given to borrow whatever sure may he
' necessary to cover that deficit. I recommend the
observance of strict economy in the appropriation
•nd expenditure of public money. -
recommend a revision of the existing tariff, and
I its a- 'ustment on a, basis vhich may augment the
'lrevent, . Ido cot doubthe right or duty of Con
! gross to ncourage domes is industry, which is the
great sourer of national 4s well as individual wealth
tt
and pro`s-perit . -. I look t the, wisdom and patriot-ism of Congress or the at option of a system Which
may place home . bor. at last; on a. sure. and per
manent footing, and, iv d e encouragement of man•
ufactures, ire a new . id increased stimulus to ag
riculture, and promote t. development of our vast
resources and the extensici of - our commerce. Be
lievitlg that to the attain:ent , f these ends (as well
i. ,
as the necessary augmen thin., the revenue and
the prevention of frauds) sesien of specific !du
ties is best adapted, I str ugly recd end to Con
gress the adoption of that sy4;tem, fixi • the duties
at rates high enough to a ord s.ubstanti: ud :suffi
cient encourtigement.to to , - .to at'
the same tithe so adjustet
The question of the .
Treasury syXtem is respe
wisdom of Congzesx. If ..
ifications of it appear tb
For further-details and
other matters conin-cted
ces, and revenue, I refer t
rotary of the Treasurv.
No direct aid has been
Govcmmenl to the 'impr
except the expenditure o
lection andpnblimition of
for some ch4mical analysi
far, paid forout of the_Pa
in my opinion, wholly ins
leading branch of Amen•
agenient which it Merits,
the eitablisl meat of art I
connected with the De i
To elevate tie social con.
ist, to increase his prospe
means of uSefultiess to hi
his sources cif information
every statesmen, and a p
legislator.
No civil government h ving been provided — by
Congress for California, tl e people of that-Territo
ry, inipelled by the .ne "cities i:tf their' political
enntlition, recently met in convention,' for the 'per
pose of fortning a 'consti tion anti' Sbiti. govern
ment, which, the latest a siices give me reason to
suppose. hal been actcon3 '.llalind; and it is helieved
they will 'Alertly apply . the 'advaiision of Cali-
Ponta into the trition; es . siwereigne State: Slibuld .
such be the teale, and alto. Id their..constititio be
confennable;to the requis, tion of the . Constitution'
of - the United States, I r , “trinienirtheir' !aptilica
that to thelriorable cons dertitidiof Con sk.
The peop eof Nets-ld zieci*Will. a , is : be:
liaind,* 0- at 11 very,. dine t pen . esent, themeok
iiitr ge
selves for admission into. helcnion. Preparatory
to the adrehtsion of Calif. ruin aintlfeW-3desacci,, the
peorileofeich will have, instituted - for thentielves
a Itepubl' twin of t .vernmerit, "1411444 its
foilritlittion r_ sued tivi, .iples .anklotganming its
powers in clEfintn'asi • - the l mldi -seem' most
likely:10 e thetsafe , and' lamas -.l' 1
. Ilrawkitmg thiiii aCti , ; all . i i.ot'unewn;. '
news may be avoided; an confidence ould.kindifeel
ing-preierved.-.With.a 'ores of: -maintainin 4. , the,
. baTmony and inuatuility ~ dear to alkve i,'.. ..::
abstain from the-introd . . , - .Of those reacir! : top , '
leg Pr* iteetioaal*iii* . which hive with ' .41roH
.. ' fitated.*Mfolt ' ' ''' '' inAlsEk' public"vund
and Probes the'salitna'- —' ' -; iohil `first" "ant{'
1 - .;
that the, proposed Rail-
Panama will be success-
Le protection of thci late
, ratified anti exchanged
10th day of June, 1818,
lect neutrality of the Lth
lereignity and property of
erritury, "with a vtew
'ocean to ocean may not
-soil, during the existence
licy to encourage every
Ihe Isthmus, which con
. merica, either by Rail-
I'nergy and enterprise of ,
em to complete ; and I
me to adopt that policy,
of the absolute nehessity
, ith our possess ions on
with Islands, with- ref . -
..3 United States on the
fterseverin. , and henev
epairett to that remote
1 • natives and inducing
f government and. laws
nd wants: and the use
1. de ships of the harbors
resort tbr obtaining re
, combinender their
r
ing to us. 1 is our duty
ties of tho A" island's tit
tif
d elevate t•* - tnoral and
• inhabitants: i stud—, we
lowatiewfor. elle difilcOL
task.‘ - IVe 'desire that . '
their independence, and
concur with us in this
o event be indifferent to
minion of any other pow
i-cial States have in this
to be hoped that no one
terpose obstacics to the
islands.
Treasury for the fiscal
f June last, were, in cash,
iundred and thirty thou
. . d fifty cents, R•iS,S3O,-
notes . funded test 'mill
irty-three thousand dot
? an aggregate of fifty
and sixty-three thousand
. fty cents, (iit50,663,007-
for the same time were,
even hundred and nnte.-
rbd and sixty-seven dol.
(N 6,798,66- 82.) and in
milli - tins eight hundred
,dpllars, (10,833,000) ma
1-seven millions six hum-
Wd six hundred and-six
two cents, (37,631,667-
r own industry,
as to insure stabili
ontinuence of the re
tfully . Submitted to'th
.ntinued, important 'mod
e indispensable:
views on the abate and
ith commerce, the finan
the'Report of the Sec
given by the General
Foment of ii t ,n•riculture,
small sums for the col
, gricalttiral statisties,and
which hare teen,thtis
eat Fund. This aid is,
equate. To give to this
r industry the'encour-
I respectfully recommend
4icultuml bureau, to be
°.
i tment of the. Interior.—
ition of the ttgrieelteral
ity,: and to dextend his
:'country. by multiplying
should be the study of
'miry object Fith -every
grt scat—
Opt Wick
Oder
nuii * f iv e
takin to
oveilatul, r
of his SUTi%
understood
collected
ry auilion
turn of or
dic.nt to ,
direct th 4
may thin
the Terri
the PurPwe
provement,m
A party engaged en't tt coast ' survey wa s
patched.to Oregon in J na ry last. AceordingV( 9
the latest mimes,. they - bad not le ft Califoro ;
and directions }aye bee iven to them, as Emi l
they shall3bitv e . fixed on e sites of the tvr=
houses, and the buoys a thorlzed to bacon
and placed in Oregon, to rafted without deliy t o .
make reconnoissances o e most important Doim.
. --...r ." '----1-7
on the coaitlof•California, and especially to exa m •
Inc and determine on
_sight& for light-honses oil that
coast, the speedy,erention of ivhiel4s urgently d e .
mended by our, rapidly ' massing commerce,
, I have transferred , th e Indian*Mcietdramllp•
per Missouri. arid,Coun "Bitiffe:Ao Santa Fe and
i
Salt lake ; end caused be appointed sub-agent s
in the valleytof the G• , the Sicramento. and Sim
Joaquin rivers. Still fu r legal proinsions w ill
b • necessary for the effective and successful eaten
sion of our system of Indian intercourse over th e
new Territories. ' ..
I recommend the estab lishment of a branch mist
in California ; as it will, ' my opinion, afford' im.
portant facilities to th engaged in mining, i e
well as to the Governme t in the disposition of Is
mineral lands. _ „
I also recommend tha commissions be o
by Congress', to examine and decide upon**.
lidity of the present sub. sting, land titleiVOili
fornia and s'•eiv-Ilexic ; and that proidsion he
made for the, establishm nt of offices of Surveyor -
General in INew 3lexicO California,. and Oman,
and, for the Surveying - bringing into. Olikettle
public lands! in. those Te 'tories. Theseflande,Je.
mctle in position and diffi ult of access, ought trklie:i
di boxed of (in terms libe Ito all, ,but especially -1
4,. - I
fa cimble to the early e igrants.
order that the. situa on and character it (he
p • •al mineral deposi in 'California may be
di 1
as e wined, :I Teconune il that a geological and
mineralogica r explored° be connected with the
linear surveys, and that he mineral lands lie di.
vided into 4;11 lots suitable for mining,, and be
disposed of; by sale or I e, so as to give our citi.
iizetis an opjxirt unity of procuring a permanent
right of property, in the il; This would seem; to
be as .important to the s mess in mining 7 cui of ag
ricultural*hanks. ' • •
_
The great mineral w eal th ef-Californ4—e n d the
I
advantages Which its po is and harbors, and their
of Oregon, a ff ord to corn 'er e e. especially with the
islands of the Pacific an Indian Oceans, and the
populous regions of East rn Asia, make it certain -
that there Will arise, in few years, large and prce•
perous communities on our Western coast. It,
therefore, becomes_ imp ant that a line of =3—
munication, the best an most expeditious which
the nature of the count will admit, thould be
opened,=within the terra ry of the. United States,
from the navigable wate s of the `Atlantic or the`
Gulf of Mexico to the l'• 1 ific. Opinion, as elicited
1
and esqwe.sse r dhy two la ge and respectable con
ventions, lately lissembl at St. Louis and Mem
phis, points to % railroad as that which, if practice
i i
ble, will best meet thei.hes and wants of
, the
country. Bat While this if in - successful operative,
would he a work of grea national importance, end'
of a value to the county which it would be difft•
..
_cult to estimate ; it ought also to be regarded min
undertaking of vast ma Rude and expente t and
one which must, if it be indeed, practicable, en.
counter may ditfieulti in its construction end
use. Therefete, to avoi failure and disappnietilte
ment ; to enable Oingretis to, judge whetheLifibli4
country through which :must pass, the trorkl6o
feasible, andiif it b rt eleun so, whether it shoulAC
1 1 ,
undertaken es as nation s improvement or left to
-individual mitcaprise :. a d 'm the latter lilternative,
what aid, if any, ought t be extended to it by the
Governmetita' recomme d as a preliminary - mo l es.
urea carefed[ reconnoissance of the several--propos
ed routes hVi a scientifis*pis, and a report at to
the practicability of ma - g such a road, with, • an
estimate of the cost of i tconstruction and support
lt
Fur further views oh these and other matters
connected with the clut*s of the *Rome Drin
' roent, I refer, you to the ' Report of the , Secretary
of the Interior.
I recommend early appropriaticinsTor. contining
the river end harbor improvements that have beet
alreadv began, and , also . for the construction of
those for which estimates have been made, as well
-..-
as for examinations and !estimates prep aratoryt to
the commencement of su h others-as the wants of
the country, end espeCial y the advance of our pop.
,t,s
illation over; new clietri , and the extension of
commerce, 'may render necessary. An estimate
of the amount, whiCh can be advantageously ex
pended within 'the next fiscal year, under the di
rection of the Bureau Of Topographical Engineers,
aceompatitesithe Report of the Secretary of War,
to which I res:peetfully invite the att . ' of Pm
.
. .
I
_:,..,,... 'form the _
recommended as; anz of increasing the efEt•
cy of the myro; ripl as ' act of juitico, due la
a grateful Country to the faithful soldiers.
-The accompanying Report of the Secretary of
'the Navy pre:lents q . full and satisfactory ,account
of the wndßicen oficliipeOttions of the Naval ser
vice durini th‘ tied 'year. Our citizens eV
in the legitinitite pursuits of commerce have en •
edits, bensiSii.. Wherever our national vessel
11013 One tiky.have be received with respFct
our'isilloera hnve been treated with , kindness Pd
in t
pol ey'of orreGoverumaat. . _ ,
e°
°s e
Y na . :f : O the rc:a lla t ir pelsou °'l43l"d t i t n cee‘allic*ls cormuiL P°llll is tao
a in't cl as:f : aa : 11116840 a/grem ict lieblut:rit : th bo ' inth ,
e acmdai rap n lo uli yel bere : wo • fithniii°ll ,
I invite_your•attentical to th e recoinineridatioe oi
the Sueretary"of thit NAV.- co r d* 81 #00 °ELI
of
organisation; of the Naty,,.ia its imripos caw' °
offlOaro t end.the-estebbshow of a. retired.ligt fa
Buchl e tafikffs , 4* - ' ,di. 'utak& for 1 1 :0 1
add e tileiriee. ' ld - ad* go
such ,' - re its is mended, •it will grestil
--'
the ilifficieOeyi the Navy...sod rah°
Its lige ' to the " cala... a ve
Iwo co _ views
•
' • ' i"':' - eroPilorAtot •of i .,_.,
..'aft.S. - iirO t hi regerarto . the cootraete 'Or 17
r•-•: , .., - - r , i • II ,