.-A
SCHWEIER,
THE COnSTITUTIOR THE Union AND THE EnFORCEUERT OF THE LAWS.
Editor and Proprietor.
VOL. L.IH.
MTFFIiTNTOWSr, JUNIATA COUNTY, PENN., WEDNESDAY, NOVEMBER 8, 1899.
NO. 48
B. F.
CHAPTER XII. (Continued."
'The Indorsement on the back of thin
Instrument," said the lawyer, "is this
'Last Will and Testament of Alvin D-
liosttte.'
He carefully nnfolded the paper, read
justed his glasses and raised the docu
ment liofore him.
"Wilmington, North Carolina, - New
Hanover County, March third, eighteel
hmnlreil and fifty-seven.
This is to certify that I, Alvin DeRo
sc I", being of sound 'mind and vigorous.
but uncertain as to when death may over
come me, de hereby, on this, the day and
date above mentioned, namely, the third
day of March, eighteen hundred and fifty
seven. icn this instrument, and I do fur
ther declare it to be my last will and tes
tament, subject, however, to such, if any.
codicils as I may hereafter see proper te
devise.
'"I do hereby declare my beloved daugh
ter. Harriet M. DeRosette, my only living
child, to be my sole heir and legatee, and
to her I do give and bequeath my entire
es:ate, both real and personal, lands.
houses, money, bonds,' stocks, chattels and
slaves. In fact, all property of whatever
nature of which I may die possessed. With
the exception, however, of the following
bequests and manumissions, which I de
sire my beloved daughter and administra
tor to see fulfilled immediately, or as soon
as may be after my demise.
"l-'irst I desire that Duke, my trusted
servant for these many years, me manu
mitted, and I bequeath him the sum of
two thousand dollars with which to pro
vide for his necessities in his declining
years.
Sod bless my ole master," groaned
I nele Duke; but I earn leave the bank
I earn leave my Miss Hattie"
"Nor shall you, Uncle Duke," sobbed
I Lit tie.
"Second," read the lawyer, "to Hannah,
who lias ever been true and faithful, I de
vise her freedom from servitude and direct
that the sum of one thousand dollars be
paid.
"De good Lord!" sobbed Hannah, sink
ing on her knees.
"Third To Millie and Adam I devise
five hundred dollars each, and leave with
my dear daughter the matter of their man'
amission, requesting her, however, to at
an early date draw a written instrument
devising them their freedom in case of her
death."
"God bless Mars Alvin!" exclaimed
Adam, while Millie conld only sink on
her knees at the side of her mistress and
. sob.' "I Ison gwine, Miss Hattie! I lsen
gwine!
. I further, read the attorney, "desire
my duughter to see that above sums of
money to be paid my negroes, be not
squandered, and I direct her to personally
look nfter the management of their mone
tary affairs.
"lo my old friend, Jerry Dobbs, the
trusted attorney of 'The Cape Fear Bank,'
as a slight testimonial of my regard, I be
queath the sum of five thousand dollars,
should he survive me; otherwise I direct
that the aforesaid sum be paid to bis sod
Arthur by my administrator.
Here the old attorney nearly brokf
down. His voice and manner showed
great agitation.
"To Herman Craven, my nephew, and
at this time the cashier of my bank; I give
and bequeath the sum of
The attorney hesitated, removed his
glasses, carefully ran his silk handkerchief
over them, and with a seemingly nervouf
hand replaced them.
lo Herman Craven, my nephew, at
this time cashier of my bank, I do give
and bequeath the sum of
The attorney's eyes left the written in
strument and rested on the features of the
cashier.
There were the eyes of one other in the
room fixed on Herman Craven also the
tyes of the great Southern detective.
Herman sat as though wondering at the
ieiay.
"The sum of fifty-five thousand dollars,"
read the lawyer.
The bank directors certainly looked sur
prised, and a slight exclamation fell from
the lips of some of them.
Herman Craven raised his handkerchief
to his eyes and moaned: "My dear, deal
uncle! I had no dream that you would
remember me to that extent."
"Which sum," continued the lawyer,
as he resumed reading the will, "is suffi
cient to form the nucleus of a fortune, and
will enable him to engage in almost any
vocation."
"I should think it would," thought Sel
la rs. "That sum is a fortune Itself not
the nucleus of one. I wonder I do won
der," he thought, "if Hannah was not
mistaken on the night of the murder, and
if it was not the hand of other than Her
man Craven that pulled the wire some
one who had gained admission to the
house and but no, she stated that the
form she saw was clad only in a night
shirt. That argues nothing. Beneath
that nightshirt there might have been all I
of the garments of a man a single mo
ment would have sufficed to don a night
shirt. Wait."
"I leave my daughter and my adminis
trator to decide as to whether my vast in
terests shall be withdrawn from 'The
Cupe Fear Bank' and the funds invested
in other securities. As I founded the
bank, I should prefer that my interests be
continued in the same. However, aftet
my daughter shall have attained her twen
tieth year, it will be for her alone to de
termine, as my administrator's duties
shall cease at that time.
"1 do hereby appoint as my aforesaid
administrator, my friend "
Here the attorney's hands shook so bad
ly that the instrument fell to the floor,
lie stooped, tremblingly, and recovered it
Director Chadbourn of the bank turned
- a glass of water and handed it to him.
- The old attorney raised it to hts lips, but
his eyes were again fixed on the body ot
the will.
"He has found another surprise,"
tbtmght Sellars. ...
"1 do hereby appoint as my aforesaid
administrator," read the lawyer, mj
friend. Herman Craven."
i nis time there were uaffiistaken ex
prcsrWns of surprise.
"In whom," resumed the. lawyer, "I
have implicit confidence, and I direct that
he be required to give no bond for the
faithful performance- of the duties en
tailed." To say that there was consternation on
the faces of the directors would be to
draw it mildlv. TTnnnestlonably. the
- " ii uiuojy. unqonuouaifii , uiusk ue wccmu, -j - -
t""''""Jff TlinrhtiT tm nat lri ITUTirrHi (ihft tti-J f -V" It 1 sot seemly for
I and .Sella ts? " What shall we say of hiim
utr was uumDrounuea.
"Hannah was clearly mistaken," he
"ought.
I do also appoint my aforesaid admin
istrator as guardian of my beloved daugh
ter, and by reason of my estate's being
large and my interests many, I direct that
his duties as such guardian shall not
cease until my daughter shall reach her
twentieth birthday. This provision, how
ever, to be void in case of the marriage of
my aforesaid daughter before she shall
reach the age jf twenty, and in which
event her husband shall supplant bet
guardian."
A cry of pain and anguish escaped the
white lips of Miss DeRosette, and her
head fell forward upon the shoulder of
her companion.
All eyes were directed to her moaning
form.
The directors the friends of the dead
banker -of fifty years' standing sat pale.
silent, mute.
Sellars,-overcome tbongh he was with
astonishment, yet had his keen eyes fixed
on the features of the cashier. But naught
one a piacia countenance cud ne see no
evidence of surprise there no twitching
of the muscles of the face neither a look
of exultation, merely dead calm face,
slightly flushed, and a pair of inquiring
eyes looking up at the lawyer.
"De Lord God!" was the exclamation
that fell from the lips of old Uncle Duke.
Herman Craven did not cast a glance
in his direction.
In witness whereof," continued the
lawyer, "I have hereunto set my hand and
seal in this, the city of Wilmington, State
of North Carolina, this, the third day of
March, eighteen hundred and fifty-seven.
"ALVIN DE ROSETTE.
"Witnesses John D. Lloyd. Freeman
Elliott."
"This ends the reading of the instru
ment," said the attorney, sinking into a
chair.
"The conclusion comes as a surprise,"
observed Director Hammond. "That is
nnaerstana me, Mr. craven of course
death came so suddenly to our friend that
none of us, I think, had given the matter
a thought. But, excuse me, there are so
many old and tried friends men of great
er experience than yourself that It seems
strange that he should have designated
you as the administrator of his estate and
guardian of his daughter."
"Very, very strange!" echoed the other
directors.
"I am not surprised at that, gentlemen,"
Herman said blandly. "It was because of
your age that my uncle did not name some
one of you. Remember, a week ago he
bade fair to live as long as any of you.
He would have named Mr. Dobbs but for
bis age."
"Strange the will does not read my
nephew, Herman Craven," instead of my
friend, Herman Craven,' " remarked Di
rector Chadbourn.
"It would seem so," said Herman; "but
my uncle often used to term me "friend
Herman.' Yes, more often than be did
uephew' in our private conversations. He
had notified me that he had named me as
administrator of bis will, but he bad not
informed me how liberally he had remem
bered me in the same. It quite overpow
ers me," and Herman raised his hand
kerchief to his eyes.
"The witnesses to this will?" observed
the detective.
"Went down with the ill-fated Gosmore,
and within sight of the British coast,"
said the attorney.
"Then," remarked Sellars, -than are
no living witnesses"
"None," the attorney said; "but their
signatures are here, and there Is no ques
tion but what they are genuine. You ali
know them, gentlemen."
"Yes," observed Director Hammond,
"and I was aware they had witnessed
our old friend's signature to his will. Af
ter their death I think he intended getting
other signatures, but he deferred it too
long."
Sellars had advanced, apd the attorney
nanaea . . ne closely
scrutinized.
"Yes," he said presently, "the signa
ges are genuine beyond a doubt, but "
But what, Mr. Sellars?" asked Law
yer Dobbs.
I was about to say that the signatures
are genuine, but the witnesses themselves
are somewhere rocking to and fro, deep
down in the bosom or tne ocean, answer
ed Sellars.
'And the sea," thought Herman .Cra
ven, "will not give up its dead."
"What step is first necessary?" he ask
ed.
"The submission of the will for pro
bate," said the attorney, "and immediate
ly thereafter you must enter at once on
the discharge of your "duties. You will
find them such as to require great care and
discretion, but both myself and the direc
tors of the bank stand ready to lend yon
svery possible aid."
"I shall enter upon them, gentlemen, de
pending largely on your advice," remarked
Herman, "and every provision of my na
me's will shall be carried out faithfully.
To my cousin I shall endeavor to prove a
faithful guardian."
A groan burst from the quivering lips of
.he young heiress as she arose to her feet.
"There is something "
She caught the warning glance of the
detective, and leaning heavily on her com
panion's arm, left the room. ;
"My cousin is quite overcome," observed
Herman.
"Very naturally so," said Sellars. "She
ias just listened to the reading of the last
.Till and testament of her murdered fata
." CHAPTER XIII.
The day following the reading of ths
w.li the instrument was admitted to pro
bate, and Herman Craven bad the hand
ling of a vast estate In bis hands.
He held also in those same'white hands,
or thought he did, the destiny, of a charm
ing young heiress.
"Ere two years roll by," ne thought,
as he sst in his private office at the bajuV,
"the husband must supplant the guardian
I shall have become that husband. It
will not be difficult after-Robert 4a in a
felon's grave to win the heart of my ward.
at least to make her my wife. She clearly
does not believe that Robert Campbell
murdered her father. Jennies presence
in the house so much I do not like. It
must be checked. Clearly, I must talk to
the daughter of a murdered man to be on
terms of Intimacy with the sister of the
wretch who who lies la Jail under the
charge of having murdered him. Under
the charge of having murdered him? Ha!
ha! Was he not caught red-handed in the
act? As for the funds In the bank. I
must leave everything as It is until Hat
tie snail hare become my wife. I must
win the confidence of the bank directors.
.But above ail I must become the president
of The Cape Fear Bank. There is noth
ing easier, now that I reiiresent a majority
of the stock, as my cousin's guardian, and
am the administrator of my uncle's es
tate. . The directors meet this evening to
cnoose a successor to the late nresident.
and in the interest of the late president's
daughter, I, Herman Craven, must be
that president. What Is It. Duke?"
"Attorney Dobbs, Mars Herman."
"Admit him. Uncle Duke, you have,
been a faithful man for a negro. To-mor
row you will be free. You will have no
master and will have two thousand dol
lars to your credit in the bank."
"I will have a young mistress. Mars
Herman." said the old man. "who I'd die
die to serve. As for freedom. I's too old
for dat; I belongs to Mars Alvin's bank
and Miss Hattie, and always will, but
God bless old master jus' de same for
strikin' off de shackles. Not de body foi
dar wan't none dar but from de rouI. 1
ken die a free man. Glory to God!"
"You will be right here just the same.
Duke. Now admit the attorney.
"I was in hopes you would call In this
morning, Mr. Dobbs." he said, arising
from his seat and extending his hand as
the attorney approached him, "aa there is
a matter I wished to see you about. Pray
be seated."
"In that event I am glad I called." ob
served the lawyer, seating himself, "but
I think I can guess the subject. It is of
the directory meeting toraifht, at which a
successor to Alvin DeRosette must be
named as the bank's president, is it not?"
"The same, Mr. Dobbs. The same."
"I had a conference with Directors
Chadbourn, Hammond and Hoyt this
morning," said the attorney, "and the two
latter favor Mr. Chadbourn for the pres
idency. You see, he is a man who has al
ways been identified with the bank and
has had a vast experience in monetary af
fairs. The public have full confidence in
him, and I think you may safely cast the
vote you represent as your uncle's admin
istrator for him. In fact, the matter lays
entirely with you. Your action decides
the presidency and largely the future of
the bank. Of course, you will remain
cashier."
"Such la not my intention, Mr. Dobbs,"
said Herman.
"What, you will aever your connection
with the bank?"
"Oh, no. Mr. Dodds. not that! Now, un
derstand me. I have the most implicit
confidence in Director Chadbourn. As
the second largest stockholder, be is the
bank's vice-president, and as such I am
content that he remain. Aa the represent
ative of the stock that made my nncle the
president, and as his administrator and
the guardian of his daughter, I conceive
it to be my duty to take his place as nearly
as I can m all that pertains to his busi
ness affairs.' I feel, indeed, that he would
have it so or he would not have named me
his administrator. Yes, I feel in duty
bound to make Herman Craven the presi
dent of the bank, and I ask your co-opera
lion and aid.
The old attorney's face paled, and for
a moment he sat speechless.
"I beg you," he said, when he had mas
tered his emotion, "think well of this mat
ter, xou nave bad but two years ex
perience in banking affairs. Director
Chadbourn has bad that of half a lifetime.
His name would inspire confidence and the
bauk would not lose a customer. With
you as its president I fear the result would
not be the same. You are young and can
wait. You have every confidence in Mr.
Chadbourn and would be here just ss you
have been in the past. Public confidence
must not be shaken by an unwise mov
at this time."
(To be continued.)
GENERAL SPORTS.
The proposed match between Joe
Gans and Spike Sullivan has been de
clared off. They were to fight De
cember 4 and Tom CRourke, manager
of the Lenox A. C. says Gans deliber
ately fluked out of tbe match. X
The yacht races cost the New York
Yacht Club about $50,000 for mere at
tendance and supervision. The steamer
Republic cost $1500 for tbe first day and
$1000 for every day thereafter, and, as
there were eleven trips down the bay,
the total amount was $11,500. The big
Luckenbach tugs cost $150 a day, and
the other boats required on the course
cost but little less.
Members of the National Cycling As
sociation wbo are in a position to know
what action the N. C. A. will take in
the government of bicycle racing next
season declare that the foreign associa
tions are now prepared to recognize
the N. C. A. as the representative gov
erning body in this country. Such a
step would mean the downfall of the
League of American Wheelmen in its
aim to control racing.
Spike Sullivan claims that he must
take on easy ones because there are no
good ones to fight him at 133 pounds.
Howard Wilson thinks he can best Sul
livan at that weight.
Richard Croker has purchased of
Clay Woodford. Lexington, Ky., Mis
used, a thoroughbred brood mare, dam
of Kilmarnock. He will ship her to
England for tbe stud. The pries la
private.
John Thomas, of Cumbok, aad John
Brennan. of Tucker Hill, shot a live
pigeon match at Pottsville. Each man
was assigned seven birds. Thomas
killed four birds to his opponent's two.
The purse was $10 a side. A juvenile
match took place between John Stutt
and John Martlp of Silver Creek, aged
14 years. Each shot at five birds. Mar
tin killed two birds and Stuts missed
his entire quota, the purse was $10.
The following are tbe batting aver
ages for the Williams College baseball
team for the entire season, and Include
all Intercollegiate games: Makeplace
who played In but two games, has an
average of .600; Rlsley. .338; Reardon,
.337; Jansen. .333; Street. .299; Plunkett,
281; Edwards, .279; Seaver, .289; Rus
sell. .250; Trannls, .235; Lydecker, .212;
Ranger, .208. and Heffernan. .15.
The launch John Harvard, which hat
coached many of Harvard's crews, hai
been sold to tbe Unlversltr of Wiscon
sin. Coach O'Dea is now In Cambridge
making arrangements for the trans
portation of the boat
Edward Dunkhorat, of Syracuse, lost
to Peter Maher In the seventh round ol
what was to have been a ten round
boxing contest before the Monarch,
Athletic Club, at Syracuse, N. T, on l
foul.
Joseph Choynskl defeated "Dick
Moore, of St. Paul, In three rounds ol
what was to have been a twenty round
boxing contest at St. Louts. Choynskr
simply outclassed his opponent.
In respect to giving, there are very
few of us who give according to our
ability, or anything like It, The great
generosity of tbe world usually lies be
low the medium line. .
THIS BOAD IS A MINT
MARINE RAILWAY NEAR NEW
YORK IS UNIQUE.
It la Only Oate-balf Mile la Lenartk,
bat It Has a Moaopolr of a Good
Baalaesa aad Kara a Qraa Deal of
Maney.
The deatb of Mr. VanderbUt brought
back to my memory recollection of
Austin Corbtn. My attention was re-
I cently called to the least known carter-
I prise which the late Mr. Corbtn founds
ed, and which, according to one source,
la the richest railroad In the world. The
road 1 within ha if an hour's ride from
New York and is known aa tbe Marine
Railroad. The entire distance covered
by this road la barely a quarter of a
mile, and the fare la the uniform and
small rate of 5 cents. The road serves
to connect the two summer resorts
Manhattan Beach and Brighton Beach.
The trip over the road occupies only a
minute with the comparatively alow
locomotive, two of which, with two
cars, make up the entire rolling stock
of this wealthy road. The road baa
been an absolute monopoly of traffic.
though, between the two beaches,
which are connected by a narrow atrip
of kind. This atrip Mr. Oorbln, wise
man that be was. built his road on and
Issued orders that any one who wanted
to walk alongside the roadbed was tak
ing chances of arrest for trespass, and
this season a number of special officers
headed off all would-be promenadcrs
who wanted to save the fare of S cents.
On one aide of this strip Is the ocean,
on the other savampa and marshes. To
circle around these swamps to order ts
reacbr the opposite beach would require
a walk of at least three miles, hence
the profit accruing from the Mattes
Railroad. Tbe road operates only three
months a year, but during these three
montibs it carries on an average 00,000
or 00.000 passengers a week.
Fourth of July the two engines
two coaches carried 28.000 persona as
5 cents, and no half fares for children
either. The staff is In keeping with tbe
extent of roiling stock. It coaedsts of
two engineers, two firemen, two con
ductors, two ticket seHere and two gate
men. Tbe superintendent of Manhattan
Beach Is at tbe same time general man
ager of tbe Marine Railroad, its gener
al passenger agent and freight agent
ail In one person. It Is said that the
operating expenses for the three
months of tbe season do not' exceed
13.000. In 1891 the road Is said to have
cleared $57,000 above aB expenses. Its
capital to $20,000, and, according to one
of Ks stockholders, K has cleared up
wards of $1,000,000 for tbe sharehold
ers during Ma existence, a dividend of
250 per cent, per annum. The huxtdred
SoUar shares are therefore worth tn the
neighborhood of $3,000, a higher prem
ium than that commanded by Cheml-
caan Bank stock, which to usually con
side red to be tbe moat remarkable in
vestment tat that respect. That the
stockholders are numerically almost as
small aa the staff of tne road can be
easily Imagined, and that none of the
stock Is for sate is also self-understood.
In. one respect ttbe miniature railway
resembles the miniature states of An
dorra and San Marino. One never bears
anything about either. Philadelphia
Telegraph.
CLIMATE SHOWS FEW CHANGES.
Weather Conditio New A boat the
fata aa in Asm Past,
This subject to of extreme Interest
ind merits a most thorough study. We
find the "early" and the "latter" rain
to-day In Palestine precisely as de
scribed 5,500 years ago. "Jordan over
sows all its banks" in February to-day
exactly as It did In Joshua's time,
thirty-three centuries ago. Plants
taken from mummy cases In Egypt,
which must have been gathered more
than -6,000 years since, are practically
if tbe same size and have the same ap-
pearanoe as those growing to-day. Bec-
ordsof vintages in France over 700 years
show practically tbe same dates) as to-
lay. Actual observations of. rainfall
for over 200 years In France show no
uange. Observations of temperature
for almost 200 years at St. Petersburg
.how no change appreciable to . us.
chough, of course, the earliest observa
tions were extremely erode and some
what unreliable. Facts of this kind
might be adduced to fill a small vol
ume. On tbe other hand, we have rec
ords of most extraordinary cold
weather In ancient times. One winter
the light .wine in France froze. An
other winter the River Po froze over
so as to bear teams, an unheard-of
phenomenon to-day. In this Journal
recently It Is stated that "Parnassus
and Socrate, now free from snow, were
covered with It In classic antiquity."
Also "the name of Greenland, which
strikes us as so singularly inappropri
ate, was not Inapplicable at the time It
was named. In the fourteenth century."
It Is entirely probable that descrip
tions of tbe cold In ancient times were
much exaggerated. Parnassus and
Socrate have snow at times, and. In
earlier days, when protection against
the cold and now was much less than
now, a little snow would go a long way.
The earlier voyagers from Iceland,
more than 1.000 years ago, leaving a
land of almost perpetual Ice and snow,
and reaching a land In the summer
with Its beautiful green color to their
unaccustomed eyes, would very nat
urally give tbe name. of Greenland to
it At tbe summer time. It la said that
Greenland presents, a most beautiful
green near the Danish- settlements to
this day. Our oldest Inhabitants, who
have been wont to describe the terri
ble cold and deep snows of their boy
hood days as Incomparably greater
than anything which does or can occur
to-day, have completely lost their reck
oning the last winter when reading of
a ship thai bad sunk in New York bar-
-or by weight of the Ice upon it; also,
that Washington had had thirty-four
Inches of snow on.-a level and the low
est temperature ever noted In that fair
city. I am sure a careful study will
show no appreciable change In the cU
inate of this earth sine tbe earl hb
loric times. Of course, nothing here
adduced touches climatic changes In
or, bi nrsalatorla
which changes have been established I
beyond question. Popular Science. I
Cartons Ways of Markia Im.
The Islanders of tbe South Pacldc
have no clocks, but make a carious
time-marker of their own. They take
the kernels from the nuts of the candle
tree and wash and string them on the
rib of a palm leaf. The first or top ker
nel Is then lighted. All the kernels are
of the . same size and 'Substance, and
each will born a certain number of
minutes and then set fire to the "next
one. below. Tbe natives tie pieces of
bark cloth at regular Intervals along
the string, to mark the divisions of
time, 'Among the natives of Slogan,
in tbe Malay Archipelago another pe
culiar device Is used. Two bottles are
placed neck and neck, and sand is put
in one of them which pours Itself into
the other one every half -hour, when the
bottles are reversed. There Is a Hue near
on which are hung twelve rods, marked
with notches from one to twelve. A
regular appointed keeper attends to the
bottles and rods, and sounds the hour
upon a gong.
! It la an unexplained fact that glow
worms are much more brilliant Just
before, an approaching storm than at
any other time.
' The most active volcano In the world
Is ML Bangay, 11,100 feet situated on
the eastern chain of the Andes. South
America. . It baa been In constant erup
tion since ma.
The atmospheric ocean surrounding
the earth Is frequently disturbed by
gigantic wares, which are invisible ex
cept when they carry parts of the air,
charged with moisture, up Into a cold
er atmospheric stratum where sudden
condensation occurs, in Mils manner
long., parallel lines of clouds sometimes
make their appearance at a great
height marking the crests of a ripple
of air waves, running miles above our
beads.
Prof. Alexander Agassis, with
corps of men of science, and uodor the
auspices!' of tbe United States Fish
Commission, set sail from San Fran
cisco about tbe middle of August In
the steamship Albatross, on one of the
most Important scientific expeditions of
recent times. An Immense area of the
Pacific Ocean, including the Paumota.
the Frlendly, the Elllce. the Gilbert
and tbe Marshall Islands, and many
unnamed groups of coial teleta, will be
thoroughly explored for the first time.
Tier" voyage- win - eo var aboot - 20.000
miles, and the explorations will Include
the life and phenomena of the sea from
Its surface to Its greatest attainable
depths.
It has often been suggested that the
brilliance of the sun's disk Is due toln-
canaescenc particles or carbon, and
within a few years past the presence
of carbon in the sun has been demon
strated by the spectroscope. Lately
Prof. Ilale, the director of tbe Yerkes
Observatory, has shown that there Is a
thin layer of carbon in the lower part
of the sun's atmosphere. It surrounds
tne solar globe like a luminous shell.
and under normal conditions Is proba
bly not more than five hundred miles
above the sun's surface. But when an
eruption takes place from beneath the
carbon layer, like all the other con
stituents of tbe solar atmosphere; Is
broken up and locally dispersed by the
tremendous agitation.
Tbe work of keeping the mouth of
the world's greatest commercial river,
the Thames, open and free for ships of
all classes Is not lacking In difficulty.
The shifting sands continually en
croach upon tbe channels of the great
estuary, and the latest surveys show
tnat the Duke ot Edinburgh Channel,
which Is at present the principal pas
sage Into the Thames for heavy ves
sels, baa narrowed since 1882 from a
mile and a half to about half a mile.
"Its total obliteration, which seems by
no means Impossible," saya Nature,
"would entail a long circuit at the time
of low water." The "Middle Swim."
the main route for traffic between Lon
don and the north, haa also contracted
and shoaled much within late years.
Occasionally small diamonds have
been found among the ridges of gravel
brought down from the north In tbe
age of the glaciers and scattered over
the States bordering on the Great
Lakes. Prof. Hobbs, of the Univer
sity of Wisconsin, thinks that these
diamonds came from some place in
Canada, and that by tracing back tbe
line of advance of the glaciers the orig
inal location of the gems may be dis
covered. An effort to carry out Prof.
Hobbs' suggestion to to be made, and
Prof. H- L. FairchllO, of the University
of Rochester; Prof. I. C Russell, of
the University of Michigan; Prof. J. P.
Iddlnga. of the University of Chicago.
and Prof. O. C Fanington. of the Field
Columbian Museum, will co-operate by
examining, without charge, suspected
gems found by persons living near the
glacial moraines. - -
A Chivalrous Urchin
Tbe first specimen of true manly chiv
alry the very pattern of a small knight
who holds- tbe rights of his lady love
sacred was eatcoontered the other day
In a Cambridge khidrgaartien. Tbe
teacher discovered that a very amall
boy, not more than S years old. wss
cbewing gum, and she ordered Mm on
and bade him disgorge k.
"I can't" he sa-d.
"Ton can't T' she answered In sur
prise. "Why, yea, you can, and you
must,"
'No, I can't, be persisted, and kept
the gum In bis mootb.
'Now, why can't you give me that
gam, Johnny V the teacher asked. --
'Because," said Johnny, stoutly, "it
belongs to a little girl In Bomervfile.'-
Lue. ' -
When a woman can't slrur at ali
friends' excuse her by sarins- that
though her voice U not strciav n ktverv
wast , .
SERMON
BY
Rep. Br. Calmagc
Subjects A Heavenly Guard Mlaloa of
the Ana-els .Have Huh to Do With
the Every -day A flairs of Lite A Guard
ian Angel For Every One.
. - Copyright, Louis KJopecb. 1SM.1
Washhiotok, D O. The brilliant belngi
supposed by soma to be Imaginary are by
Dr.Talmageln this sermon shown to be real
and to have much to do with onr e very-day
life. Tbe text Is, Judges xlll., 19, "And
tbe angel did wondrously."
Fire built on a rook. Manoah and his
wife bad there kindled tbe flames for sac
rifice in the praise of God and in honor of
a guest whom they supposed to be a man.
Bat as tbe flame rose higher and higher
their stranger guest stepped Into tbe flame
ami by one red leap ascended into the
skies. Then they knew thitt he was an
angel ot tbe Lord. "Tbe angel did won
drously." Two hundred and forty-eight times does
the Bible refer to the angels, yet I never
beard or read a sermon on angeloloay.
The whole subject Is relegated to the
realm mythical, weird, spectral and un
known. Such adjournment is un-Sorlptnral
and wicked. Ot their lite, their character,
their habits, their aetions, their velocities,
the Bible gives us full length portraits, and
why this prolonged and absolute silence
concerning them? Angelology is my
tbeme.
There are two nations ot angels, and
they are hostile to eaoh other tbe nation
of good angels and the nation of bad an
gels. Of tbe former I chiefly speak to
day. Their capital, their headquarters,
their grand rendezvous, is heaven, bat
their empire Is the universe. They are a
distinct race of creatures. No human be
ing can ever join their conf rat arnlty. The
little child wbo in tbe Sabbath school
sings, "I want to be an angel," will never
have ber wish gratified. They are super
human, but they are of different grades
and ranks, not all on the same level or the
same height. They have their superiors
and inferiors and equals. I propose no
guessing on this subject, but take tbe Bible
for my only authority. Plato, tbe philoso
pher, guessed and divided angels Into
snpercelestinl, celestial and subcelestial.
Dionyslus, tbe Areopagite, guessed and
divided them Into three elasses, the su
preme. tne middle and tne last, and eao
Cit th aha Into thrAA nthAr alafR- mnklnir
nine In all. Phtlosa'd tbat the angels were J
related to God. as the rays to the fcun,
wy . . . . .
iuS X ? . iF.h
v. mvuj uv. ...... ,uuauu. o,v. -"-'J
were incorporeal. Augustine said that !
they had been in danger of falling, but
now are beyond being tempted. But the
only authority on this sm ject that I re
spect nays tbey are divided Into cherubim,
seraphim, thrones, dominations, prinotpal-itte-',
powers. Their commander In chief
is Michael. Daniel oalled him Michael.
St. John called him Michael. These
supernal beings are more thoroughly or
ganised than any army that ever morobed.
They are swifter than anv cyolone that
ever swept tbe sea. Tbey are more radiant
than any morning that ever came down
tbe sky. Tbey bave more to do with your
destiny and miss than any being in tbe
universe except God. May tbe Angel of
tbe New Covenant, who la the Lord Jesus,
open onr eyes and touch onr tongue and
rouse our soul while we speak of their
deathlessness, their Intelligence, their
numbers, their strength, their achieve
ments.
- -. ... - I-' f,-f,njarentage or of loyalty to
Jylfr3tt--e- tbaUaxrestedyou.
Tea, deathless.
will aever have a grave. The Lord r'emem
bets when they were born, bat no one
shall ever see their eye extinguished or
their momentum slow up or their exlstenee
terminate. The oldest of them has not a
wrinkle or a decrepitude or a hindrance,
as young after 6000 years as at the close of
their first hour, Christ sajii-of the good
in heaveB,."JleIthet fUmej dieaaf-mbre,
for they are equal to tbe aagels." Yes,
deathless are these wonderful creatures ol
whom I speak. Tbey will see world after
world go out, but there shall be no fading
of their own brilliance. Yea, after the last
world has taken Its last flight they will be
ready for the widest circuit through im
mensity, taking a quadrillion ot miles In
one sweep as easy as a pigeon circles a
dovecot. They are never sick. They are
never exhausted. They need no sleep, for
they are never tired. At God's command
thev smote with death In one nigbt 185,000
of SeoDacberib's host, but no fatality can
smite them. Awake, agile, maltlpotent,
deathless, Immortal!
A further characteristic of these radiant
folk Is intelligence. Tbe woman of Tekoab
was right when she spoke to King David of
tbe wisdom of an angel. We mortals take
in what little we know through eye and
ear and nostril and touch, but those beings
nave nor physical encasement, and henoe
they are all senses. A wall Ave feet thiok
Is not solid to tbem. Through It they go
without disturbing flake ot mortar or orys
tal of sand. Knowledge! It flashes on
tbem. Tbey take It In at all points. They
absorb It. They gather It up without any
binderment. No need ot literature for
them. Tbe letters of their books are stars.
The dashes of tbetr books are meteors. Tbe
words of their books are constellations.
The paragraphs of their books are galax
ies. Tbe pictures ot their books are sun
rises and sunsets and midnight auroras
and the Conqueror on the white horse with
tbe moon under his feet. Their library Is
an open universe, mo neea ot telescope to
see something millions ot miles away, tot
instantly they are there to Inspect and ex
plore it. ail astronomies, an geologies, an
botanies, all philosophies, at their leet.
What an opportunity for Intelligence Is
theirs! What facilities for knowing every
thing and knowing It right awayl
mere is oniy one tning tnat puts mem
to their wits' end, and the Bible says they
bave to study that. They have been study
ing it all through the ages, and yet I war
rant they have not fully grasped it tbe
wonders ot reuemption. These wonders
are so high, so deep, so grand, so stupen
dous, so magnificent, tbat even the In
telligence ot angelhood Is confounded be
fore It. Tbe apostle says, "Which things
the angels desire to look Into." Tbat Is a
subject tbat excites Inqulsltiveness on tbeir
part. Tbat is a theme tbat strains tbeir
faculties to the utmost. Tbat is hlirher
tban tbey can climb, deeper tban tbey ean
dive. Tbey bave a desire for something
too big for tbeir comprehension. "Wiiioh
things tne angels desire to look into."
But that does not discredit tbeir Intelli
gence. No one but God Himself can fully
understand the wonders of redemption.
If all besven should study It for fifty
eternities, tbey would get no further tban
the A B C of tbat inexhaustible subject.
But nearly all other realms of knowledge
they have ransacked and explored and
eompassed. No one bat God can tell
them anything tbey do not know. Tbey
have read to tbe last word of the last line
of the last page of tbe last volume of In
vestigation, and what delights me most is
that all their Intelligence is to be at onr
disposal, and, coming Into their presence,
they will tell as In five minutes more than
we can learn by 100 years ot earthly aur-,
mlsing.
' A farther characteristic of these Immor
tals is their velocity. This the Bible puts
sometimes under the figure of wings, some
times nnder tbe figure of a flowing gar
ment, sometimes under tbe figure ot naked
feet. ' As these superhumans are without
bodies, these expressions are of course fig
urative and mean fwiftness. Tbe Bible
tells as tbat Daniel was praying and Gab
riel flew from heaven and touched htm be
fore ho got op from his knees. How far,
then, did tbe Angel Gabriel have to fly in
in those moments of Daniel's prayer!
Heaven Is thought to be tbe center ot the
universe, oar son and Its placets only tbe
rim ot tbe wheel of worlds. In a moment
the Angel Gabriel flew from that center to
this periphery. Jesus told Peter be could
Instantly have 60,000 angels present II na
called for them.
What foot of antelope or wing of alba
tross could equal tbat velocity? Law of
gravitation, which grips all things else,
has no influence upon angelic momentum.
Immensities before them open and shut
like a fan. Tbat tbey are here Is no reason
why thev should not be a qulnttllfon of
miles hence the next minute. Oar bodies
hinder us. but our minds can circle the
aartb in a minute, .Angello being are
bodiless and have no limitation. God may
witn nls nnger point down to some world
in trouble on tbe outmost limits of erea-
tlon, and Instantly an angelic cohort Is
there to help it, or some celestial may be
iianaing at tne lartnermost outpost ot im
mensity, and God may say "Cornel" and
Instantly it Is In His bosom. Abraham,
jsitjan, Hagar, Joshua, Uideon, Manoab,
Paul, St. John, could tell of their unhin
dered loeomotlon. Tbe red feet of sum
mer lightning are slow compared with
sueir aegiras.
Another remark I have to make concern
ing these Illustrious immortals Is that they
are multitudinous. Their census has never
been taken, and no one but God knows
now many iney are, nut ail tbe Btt)le ao
eounts suggest their Immense numbers
companies ol mem, regiments of them,
armies of them, mountain tops haloed by
them, skies populous with them. John
speaks ot angels and other beings round
tbe throne as ten thousand times ten thou
sand. Now according to my calculation,
ten thousand times tea thousand are 100.-
000,0(10. But these are only ths angels In
one place. David counted .20.000 ot them
rolling down tbe sky tn chariots. When
God came away from the riven rooks of
Mount Sinai, the Bible says He had the
companionship of 10,000 angels. I think
they are tn every battle, in every exigency,
nt every birth, at every pillow, at every
hour, at every moment, the earth full of
them, tbe heavens full of them.
They outnumber the human race in
this world. They outnnmber ransomed
spirits In glory. When Abraham had bis
knife uplifted to slay Isaac, It was an angel
who arrested the stroke, crying, "Abra
ham, Abraham!" It was a stairway of
angels that Jacob saw while pillowed In
tbe wilderness. We are told an angel led
the hosts ot Israelites out ot Egyptian
serfdom. It was an angel that showed
Hagar the fountain where she filled the
bottle for the lad. It was an angel that
took Lot out of doomed Sodom. It was aa
angel tbat shot op the mouth of the hun
gry monsters when Daniel was thrown In
to the cavern. It was an angel that fed
Elijah under the juniper tree. It was an
angel that announeed to Mary the ap
proaching nativity. They were an eels that
chanted when Christ was born. It was an
angel tbat strengthened onr Saviour in His
agony. It was an angel tbat encouraged
Paul In the Mediterranean shipwreck.
It was an angel tbat burst open the prison,
gate after gate, until Peter was liberated.
It was an angel tbat stirred the pool ot
Siloam, where the sick were healed. It
was an angel that John saw flying through
the midst ot heaven, and un angel with
foot planted on the sea. and an anirel that
I opened the book, and an angel tbat sound
0 ' ed tbe trumpet, and an angel tbat thrust
in tne sickle, ana an angel tbat poared out
the vials, and an aDgel standing In the sun.
I vi riaa a aaia UUful nuu UUlllLJtl I
ii win oe an angel wttu uplifted hand
i swearing that time shall be no longer. In
: thA ITltH r n flit I liArVAdf nf th. ,,-!. tl.a
reapers are tbe angels. Yea, tbe Lord
shall be revealed from heaven with miglity
angels. Ob. the numbers and the inisut
and the glory of these superoals- fleets of
them, squadrons ot them, host beyond
host, rank above rank, millions on mill
ions, and ail on our side if we will bave
them!
This leads me to speak of the offices of
these supernals. To defend, to cbeer, to
rescue, to escort, to give victory to the
right and overthrow tbe wrong tbat is
their business just as alert to-day and
efficient as when in Bible times tbey spread
wing or unsheathed sword or rocked down
penitentiaries or filled the mountains with
borses of nre bitched to chariots of lire and
driven by reinsmea ot tire. Tbey bave
turned your steps a hundred times, and
you know It not. You were on the way to
do some wrong thing, and tbey changed
your course. They brought some thought
They arranged t
-onld me t
yon at that erlt
honorable and
from your po
amusement, a t
It was an angel , , -ndf
Very one that gu, .ed you to
evu
'found,
perhaps the
this service
ana tnat nowaits to report
some holy
impression to oe maae upon youi
soul, tarrying with one foot upon
the doorstep of your Immortal
spirit and tbe other foot lifted
for ascent Into tbe skies. Bv some nravet
detain him until he can tell yon ot a re
pentant and ransomed soull Or you were
some time borne down with trouble, be.
reavement, persecution, bankruptcy, sick
ness and all manner ol troubles beating
tbeir discords in your heart and life. You
gave up. Xoa said: "I cannot stand it any
longer. I believe I will take my life.
Where is tbe rail train or tbe deep wave or
the preoipice tbat will end this torment ol
eartbly existence?" But suddenly youi
uiiuu uriKuieneu. fjourage came surging
into your heart like oceanle tides. You
saia, -uoa ts on my side, and ail these ad
varauies ne caa maice turn out tor my
gwuu. ouuuuLiy you leu a peace, a deep
peace, tbe peace of God that passe to all
uuuerBiaiiuing. nnat maae the change?
A sweet and mighty comforting angel ol
the Lord met you. That was all.
Yes, a guardian angel for each one ol
you. I'ut yourself now in accord with
Him. When He suggests the right, follow
It. When He warns you against tbe wrong,
shun It. Sent forth from God to help you
In this great battle against sin and death,
accept his deliverance. When tempted to
a feeling of loneliness and disbeartenment,
appropriate tbe promise, "The angel ol
the Lord encampeth around about tuem
that tear Him and deiiveretb them." Ob,
( am so glad tbat the spaces between
jere and heaven are thronged with
:bosa supernaturuls taking tidings
lome, bringing messages bere, rolliug
aack obstacles from our path and giving
is defenses, for terrific are tbe forces whn
iispute our way, and if the nation ot the
rood angels is on our side the nation ol
sad angels is on tbe other. Paul bad it
right when he said, "We wrestle not
igalns-t flesh and blood, bat against p.rJo.'
:ipalltio-, against powers, against the
rulers of the darkness of this world,
igainst spiritual wickedness in high
places." Iu that awful fight may God send
as mighty angelic re-entorcementl We
want all their wings on our side, all their
-iwonls on our side; all their chariots on
our side. ' .
Thank God that those who are for u are
mightier than those who are airalnst us!
And that thought makes me jubilant as to
Jnal triumph. Belgium, you know, was the
attleground of England and France. Yes,
Jlelglum more than once was the battle
ground of opposing nations. It so happens
that this world if the Belgium or battle
ground between tire angelic nations, good
and bad. Michael, tbe commander-in-chief
on one side; Lucifer, as Byron calls blm,
or Mephistophelcs. as Goethe calls him; or
Satan, as the Uihle calls him, tbe commander-in-chief
on the other side. AH pure
a gelhooil untb'rtbe one leadership and all
abandoned angelhood unlortho other lead
ership. .Many a skirmish have the two arm
ies had, but the grt-ntaad decisive bat.le Is
yet to be fought. El her from onr earthly
homes or dpwn -from our supernal resi
dences may We come In on the right side,
for on that side are God and heaven and
victory. Me.-wiwrhllethe battle is beingset
In array, and the forces celestial and
deniomaoal nro "confronting each .other.
Hear lliu b om of tbe great cannona-le al
ready o;"MicJ! Ciernblm, seraphim,
thrones, do-ninntlons, principalities and
power ro ueiriuning to ride down tbeir
foes, nnd. until the work Is completed,
"Sun, ftaud thou still upon Glbeon. and
thou, u.v ju, io "the volley o, Aj lloul"
Useful Hints.
Every housekeeper has experienced
the sense of desperation caused by the
occasional obstinacy of the double boil
er. The water in the outside vessel
often unaccountably refuses to boiL
When this happens fill the outer sauce
pan with strong salt water, and it will
boil much sooner.
A delicious hot gingerbread was served
at a home luncheon the other day. It
was fresh from tbe oven, spicy and
tender, and on being broken it proved
to be full of almonds. They had been
split Into halves so as not to be heavy
enough to sink to the bottom of the
dough during the cooking process. The
combination of flavors is to be recommended.
Industrial.
In Canada the Grand Trunk Is re
ported to have called in several of Its
traveling freight agents owing to the
fact that thev cannot secure cars for
the tremendous rush of business offer
ing. The Sedalia (Mo.) Electric Railway
last week laid off all the conductors
on Its several lines in the city. In the
future the conductors' duties will be
performed bv the motormen.
A striking evidence of the scarcity
of workingmen is a great placard which
has been hung out in front of the post
office, Ottawa, Can., bv one of the lum
ber companies asking for 1000 laborers
and 300 shantymen.
The fifty factories of Kokomo, Ind.,
now using natural gas as fuel are fill
ing up their cellars and sheds with
wood and coal for use in case the gas
gives out. There has been no coal In
that town for twelve years until a few
days ago.
Employes of the Dodge Manufactur
ing Company, Mishawaka, Ind., are
preparing to start a co-operative store
for the benefit of employes of all the
factories of that city. They allege the
city grocers and butchers charge ex
orbitant srlces.
Chicago Policemen's Benevolent As
sociation realized $34,000 by the recent
annual benefit at the Auditorium.
The Brooklyn Cement Masons and
Asphalt Layers' Union has obtained
the eight-hour workday without re
sort to a strike.
Judge Falconbrldge. of the Hle-h
Court of Canada, has ruled that it Is
not compulsory for persons to give ev
idence mat may incriminate them
selves In liquor cases.
Brooklyn stair builders have the
Saturday half-holiday and a wage
scale of 3,25 a dav, including Satur
days, on which the same wage is paid
as on the longer working days.
wages in tne Dakota woods run from
126 to $35 a month and board. For a
number of years previous, to 1896-97
wages in the woods were about half
what they are now.
Lawrence countv, in the Black Hills,
claims the honor of producing a great
er amount of gold ore In a day than
any other county In the United States
4650 tons, valued at $10,000.
Los Angeles, Cal., is distinguished
for the number of Dretolium oil wells
It possesses. The output for 1898 ap
proximated 1,100.000 barrels, and that
for 1899 is estimated to be about the
same.
Rochester teamsters were conceded
$3.50 per day (8 hours.)
In Austrian hotels It is still custo
mary to charge extra for randies.
Mexico sold the United States $2,
000,000 worth of hides last year.
Day county. S. D., has produced two
crops of oats this season.
Buffalo bridge and structural iron
workers want the eight-hour day and
$2.50.
American shoe manufacturers can
undersell the local producer in South
Africa.
Wages of Southern Pacific engineers
and firemen bave been reduced 10 per
cent.
An ordinance has been passed In
West Palm Beach. Fla., forbidding fe
males to enter saloons.
One of Hartford's big department
stores has decided to open mornings
at 8.30 o'clock instead of 8.
The wages of every employe of the
United Salt Company , of Cleveland,
have been increased voluntarily.
-"OutAof 1,100.(00 In Massachuse- en-
rrr-'1 -i1 i -. , ,
000 loyed onSundays7' ..
Househoid.
RECIPES.
Cocoanut Pudding. Beat well to
gether half a teacupful each of grated
cocoanut and finely grated bread
crumbs, two tablespoonfuls of caster
sugar, half a pint of milk, two eggs.and
a piece of butter the size of a walnut;
when thoroughly mixed pour it Into a
buttered dish, and bake one hour In a
moderate oven. Excellent hot or cold.
Swiss Honey. Now, while pears are
cheap, is the time to prepare Swiss
honey. After peeling and squeezing the
Juice until nearly thick enough: then
add about half as much cane sugar(tne
quality varies according to the variety
and ripeness of the fruit used). Boll
and skim, and when of the consistency
honey pour in glasses or Jars and
'eal for future use.
Plum Nectar. Look over two quarts
of ripe plums. Pour one quart of the
best vinegar over the plums and let
them stand until they ferment; then
strain and to each pint of Juice add
three-fourths of a pound of loaf sugar.
Place over a fire and when It has sim
mered twenty minutes strain and bot
tle. One-half tablespoonful added to a
glass of cold water makes a cooling, re
'reshing drink.
Boiled Pig's Feet. Wash thoroughly
four pig's feet, cover with cold water,
bring slowly to the boiling point, drain
and drop In a bowl of cold water. Let
stand for half an hour; put into a
clean saucepan with two quarts of
water, one teaspoonful of salt and one
tablespoonful of vinegar; heat slowly
and simmer for four hours. Transfer
to a hot platter, pour over a little white
sauce and serve.
Broiled Pig's Feet. Wash an! scald
(n hot water as above. " Blanch in cold
water; wipe dry and split each foot;
tie them together again with tape or
twine; place in a saucepan with one
small onion, one-half of a carrot, one
half of a bay leaf, one blade of mace,
& sprig of parsley, two cloves, one tea
spoonful of salt and sufficient hot
water to cover. Simmer gently until
tejider and let cool in the liquor. When
cold drain and dry; dip each foot into
beaten egg and roll in bread crumbs;
dredge with salt and pepper and broil
over a clear fire. Untie and serve on
a hot platter; pass tomato catsup witb
them.
Corn Gems. One cup of white or
whole-wheat flour, two cups of yellow
cornmeal, one tablespoonful of sugar,
a teaspoonful of salt and two of baking
powder; add the flour, meal, salt, sugar
and baking powder together and mix
thoroughly; then work in one table
spoonful of shortening; add a pint of
milk or milk and water; bake in well
rreased gem pans (small on s are best);
bake in moderate oven for half an hour
or more, according to size of gem pans;
these pans are very nice, and it is
convenient to know how to make some
without eggs as the price of eggs In
creases. Soup Biscuit. When making bread
reserve a portion of the dough; cut into
small pieces and roll these into balls
the size of a hickory nut: cover with
melted butter, place on a buttered tin
o they will not touch each other; cook
till thoroughly done about 20 min
utes. Broiled ChiDDed Beef. Cut the twf
thicker than you would for frizzling
a little thicker than a knife blade and
boil It until it Is smoking hot, not more
than a minute. Dish quickly and send
to the table. It is very appetizing on 9
hot summer morning.
Our best knowledge lies in what we
are not known to know.
If we are endowed with common sense
we shall gradually acquire virtue.
The fool knows everybody, or nobodv.
but himself.
Nature often enshrines gallant and
noble hearts tn weak bosoms, oftenest
God bless her. In woman's breast.
A better thing than "hitching your
wagon to a star," is to put your hand
in the hand that moves the star.
A thermometer will not take the Dlace
of a stove.
Weal and woe are the web and woof
of life.
Lli
-a
tit n.Li? 'H0krr!
' -.-.''- j... -
. aW