to At
n
; 4 - THE COSSTITimoI THE TTHIOI-AffD THE EHFOROEXEXT OF THE LAWS.
Editor and Proprietor.
VOL. XXXVI.
MIFFLINTOWN, JUNIATA COUNTY. PENNA.. WEDNESDAY. SEPTEMBER 20. 1SS2.
NO. 3S.
C ' " f
! . f l '. " I - . t - ' ' r; " . I
- ' I . . - . ; .
' - - ' . - .1
W Inn iw lay tnk-x on lue ctuwr
Wbere the boar frost g'.ratiieil before,
1 be grey. liuweU form of the food wife
Caiiie out trout ibe cottage dour.
Onoe again she bent to lUlcn ;
Tbe waterfall' raouot ne
tang on tliruuga the !ars old f. n t
Like a child last sings alone.
In the sweet. Impatient beatttT
Of blistoums, and grass, and tree, '
Mie t-ounteil I lie seven colors,
Whors the snow wacte used lo be.
And like bees that fatten nndrr
' Tbe burden of sweet they tear,
Tbe staggering winds could bardly
Lift a fold of ber thin, white ha
even tbe wiuds of autumn
Will rend the shivering wrn,"
She said, "I shall end tbe story '
That began when I was born."
"liitht clad are my eyes while watching
The dip of the silent oar.
To look at tbe old, old splendors.
They have watched so of i before."
" gently, easily flowing,
1 never have dreamed would he
The coarse of the beautiful river,
That bears me Into the sea."
SIGNING THE PAIIEKS.
The little pallor was the prettiest,
neatest room yoa ever saw, and the
little woman -with sparkling eyes who
tapped the carpet so restlessly witn her
small slipper, was the prettiest, neatest
little woman you ever ought to want to
see.
The tall fellow who stood s j straight
up liefore the niantle-idielf Was a hand
some mar, too, and looked good-tempered,
so that when yon knew these
two were man and wife, and this pretty
house their Louie, you would have im
agined yon had fallen upou a perfect
uest of domestic llus.
- But listen a moment
"It's just what I aiiht have expec
ted when I married you !" snapped Mrs.
Jenny.
Pity you hadn't found it out sooner,"
coolly returned Mr. John.
' I wish I had ! I could go where I
pleased when I was at homo,"
"And so could I when I was a bach
elor." "Well, why didn't you stay a bach
elor?" "Because I hadn't good sense, that's
why!"
Jenny began to sob.
"Oh, oh ! I think it's awful to say it
was net pood sense to marry me ; I'll
go l ack to my mother,. I will !"
"Really. I think it would ba the best
thing you could do," returns John.
"I will ! Unless Ton say I may go to
Brighton. 1 will go and stay,
"I've already said I couldn't afford a
trip to Brighton. If you want to go
down to my aunt LTiggins' I'll send yon
at once."
"I won't ro there ! I hate your horrid
old aunt Higgius.
Very well. I detest my mother in
"Oh, you nionste r ! And you could
affcrd it. von know you could if you
didn't always spend so much for yonr
dreadful cigars and leer.
"It's none of your business what
spuud."
"Then it's none of your
bn sin ess
where I eo to "
V.rir 1I madam so to Old 'Nick
for all I care."
Jenny fairly screamed.
"Oh. you horrible John Denison! I
won't live with any man who treats me
ko I'm coing home this very day,
And I'll stay too, so 1 wUL
My mother
wont let me be treated so."
"All right, ma'am, I dare
separation would suit ns both
say a
much
lietter." '
"It would suit me. I'm sure."
-r Tnni- Ktnr.ned crvUlK. aud
her
bright eyes being as red as iitr cheeks
and much swollen,' islw oid not look a
pretty as usual.
"Very well, said Mr. Deuison, taking
up his bat to leave the room. "I will
send a lawyer and we will d.vide the
things fairlv and have it done with.
I'm willing U make a fair settlement
for von, so that you won't have to look
to your mother for money and that s
all I will do."
"That's all I ant- And I don t
care a snap if I never set eyes on you
Tit-for-tat, Madam. Xo doubt we
w Ratified. Ill arrange af -
DUttll ,
and leave for a noiiaaj
at
fairs here
Hastings." . ,
"Oh, oh, and yon couldut allord to
-let me have a month at Brighton. I U
I'll get a divorce right off;"
"Xo need. Well jnst draw up an
., .oruirate. and sign it I c-
fore a lawyer, and saye the publicity of
v.;u,nfn will want to
a divorce,
marry again, any how."
I sohnld think not One expen
rA of that is enough."
..u-n will arrange things imme
diately, and you can go toyour mother
i
as soon as you
.... : Ton can send me
. b. x, , f..r T shan't wait
my pail oi ine iui"o"i
here another day."
"All right. Have you got money lo.
vonr fare ?"' " '
' "Yes, you gave me enough yester-
fm..,, ni see tbe lawyer at once,
and you can sign the rape" before you
E""Xo, I won't go to a lawy er's office.
v hrinsrthim down to mother
4. wr- tsb 2im Ufoie you go
to to
Hastings."
v.i f nnt. aud Mrs Jcury,
!ry-
ing the last tear, went to her chamber
and proceeded to pack her trunk, haded
a p Jsing cab to take ber to tb. aUtKn
left the coldest note of good-bye on
card for John, and at supper-toe the
aame night, astonished her mother by
walkingat tbe door of ber old home
ana saying sLe Lad come to stay for
VMrs. Smith who was a very amiable
woman, and whom her fion-in-law did
I Lot detest at all. mrmrrA t- .i.t,.. !
the case very fairly. !
O - -. ..... 1 t. trJ I
And when Jenny's father,
who did
not at all approve of the course the
child was taking, would have sent her
ba' k at once, she interposed, saying
"Xo, no father.. . Just kt this ..little
domestic difficulty work i's own way.
It will be very nice to have tbe child
make us a little visit, and you'lL see
how it will end. Just keep your own
counsel, aud no one will lie any the
wiser."
So they told the neighlors that Jen
ny had come for a few days, and her
husband would come for her when her
visit was over.
Jenny did not say much, but her
mother noticed that her eyes were red
a good part of the time, and she did
not care to go out anywhere with her
friends.
The fourth day came a pott-card from
John, saying he would be there? next
day with the papers for Jenny to sign,
and then she could tell him where to
send ber part of the things, bo that he
coula break up and be off at once, for
it was too lonely to stay in town.
Jenny said not one word when she
tossed the card to her mother to read. j
Neither did Mrs. Smith, but she
smiled very significantly, and slipped
the card away where no one else would
get hold of it.
The next day, about the hour when
John must arrive, Mrs. Smith took the
caniage aud drove away, saying she
would be back in an hour orso, leaving
Jenny to meet her husband alone. "
Jenny tried to looK very cold and
haughty aud succeeded in looking ex
tremely silly.
John, on his part, tried to look very
fierce and stern, and succeeded in look
ing very stiff and awkward ; whilo they
were both very red in the fare, and very
nervous.
"I I have brought these," he said
taking a package of papers from . his
pocket, "and if yon will sign them I
can go back to town this evening.
Here is a pen and ink, I see."
'You will have to show me where t
sign," says Jenny. "1 never saw any
any such papers," .' . , ;
"Oh, certainly. Write here, and
here, ard here. And ahem! my
Jenny, I I might as well say while we
are about it, I lou't bear yon any ill
will. "
"Oh, no. no ! Nor I you," altered
poor Jenny.
"And I I am sorry I said that about
your wot lit r. She's a good woman."
"Tea, John. And I'm sorry I said I
hated your aunt Higgins."
"I forgive it, Jenny."
"And I I wish I had gone there."
. "Well, I wish I had let you go to
Brighton. Will you sign now, Jenny ?"
Jenny flung down the pen,
"Xo, no ! I don't want to sign any
old hatef id papers ! I don't want to
have yon go away, John. 1 can't stand
it. I oh, dear me !" Jenny burst into
tears.
John Jumped up, and caught her in
his arms, and whispered
Tet, shall we go home togethir, aid
begiu over again?"
Yes, yes!" sobbed Jenny, with a
dozen kisses,
Aud then well, then, when Mrs.
Smith came home she smiled again, and
got the nicest supper she conl l for her
reconciled children. .
Soma Luge Lenses.
The tlurty-iueh objective for the great
telescope of the Bussiau Observatory
at Ihilkova was lately tested at the es-
Ul lishmtait of the grinders, the Clarks,
of Cambriilgeport, Mass., aud found to
be fairly perfect. The flaw discovered
before the grinding, duo to imperfect
ar -i .. ,lltnilin11
cooling. Has no eneci ou mo
but Uitsens sliphtly the amount ci iigui
transmitted. The flaw is too slight to
iniure materially the efficiency ot tne
lens, yet another block of glas of the
same size, has been ordered to be plac
ed at the disposal of ITofessor Strove.
For tewting, the lens is mounieu in a
temporary telescope, forty-five feetlong,
aud weighing, with lU fittings, about
seven tons. The lens weigbs 400 pounds
will cost when finished $60,000, and will
be for a little while the largest in me
world. The largest object-glass in us
is the 26 inch lens at Washington, with
.local length of 33 feet
gathering power is 16.000 times that of
the nnaided eye. The Tulkova glass
will soon be excelled by mat i c
r tolone. the dish of glass for
which is now in the esiaonsuiur..
the Clarks, It is 38 mcues iu
o. inches thich.. Whea ground and
it will be reduced to u u.
- - . : 1 .
T . .:it Trfec. It was
Tills Class ia upvi"v r
r.. Prnea. where the l uia.
casi ,
ova glass was, aud weigns
. a Thfl casti
a lllUe over
casting oscupiea
four day, and tbe cooling thirty days.
hawk Ftahevl"
The lt tUhirnear Spring Lake. A
Uawk will hover for s.vend minutes over
Lt-r nf the inlet looking with his
Zarp eyes for prey at a conveuient dis.
He is ready to
lance , .
i..-nT in the way of fish,
Bnaic,".,rrr;oof whichhe ve,y d.
.il.n;ps crabs. for they give him
Z bTe Tbea be tries to handle ttj-J
nectssarv, wia go lwl . . .
water He gra.ps the fish in an instant,
, L heavy a prey, rises with
" " .t. which i
it and nies aoj .
m - vtn in a mile or two on.
the top of a high tree, a mu
sometimes tie fish is
too weighty for
fn brave a
fighter for
ing . new . -p the
with lishtning ceiwv . " -prey.
-
Retailing llomu t leh.
W have all heard the Chinese char-d
with iufanticid. We 1ipIi l,t
to Iks less prevalent with them than it is
wirn os, ii cnuilran are ever emon.!
as liaabeea seen on a wayside altar near
uonnni, wo believa that bilter want, and
Lope that" charity would orovid
tor the child betUr than the mother
could, have been the movies caruva.
Aa a general rule self-interest acts as
the strongest bar to this vice. That the
life of the male ' children rhould be
Dreseived is most important, as the
Chinese law will compel he sons to
maiutain their parents, aud in the event
of all the sods dying no - one would be
able lo offer that worship at the tomb of
the father and mother on which their
happiness iu another state is supposed
to depend. With girls, preseivation is
almost as important, and they
are a
marketable commodity either
as wives
or as servants. Indeed it
is no rare
thing to see a basketful of balnea
sent
down from Canton to Rone Eons' for
sale at prices ranging from 52 to $5.
These are all girls; and the purchase of
the one or more of them is j;em rally the
first investment that a Chinese AspasU
makes of her earairgs, a speculation sure
ultimately to pay a very large interest
on the money sunk. In denyiug the
existence of infanticide it is necessary
to make one exception. This is among
the Tau-kia or boat population. These
are a nice of people of different descent
anddiQerut religion from the Chinese,
governed by their own magistrate?, and
so looked down upou by the . either
classes that no child of a boat-woman
can compete in the literary examina
tions, or, whatever his ability may be.
become an aspirant for office. - This
class is excessively superstition9!, and we
have heard it stated by missionaries
that when a child belonging to people
of this class suffers from any lingering
malady, and recovery becomes hopt lesp,
they will put to death with circumstances
of great cruelty, believing it to be to
their child but a changeling, and
fancying that a demon has taken the
place of their offspring for the purpose
of entailing on them expense and trouble
for which they could nevtr get any
return.
Tobacco Stalks.
If we carefully examine a tulxicco
stalk we shall find that it is oue of the
best absorhents we have, fully equal to
either straw or cornstalks. Each stalk
contains a large pith at the bore of the
plants fully ore-half, or thrce-foarths of
an inch iu diameter, while the stalk
itself being woody is abo valuable for
the purpose of retaing liquid fertilizers.
When the stalk is dry it is aponge-likc
and retains a great quanity of liquid
matter. Tuo best way to utilize it for
absorbents ia to cut into short pieces,
say from two to four inches iu length,
and use for beidinj ptirpe. They
may be scattered under cattle or horses
even, while they are especially valuable
in the pig pen. If either way ia not
practicable a soit of compost heap
may be made by putting first a layer ef
stalks at the bottom and then cover with
a layer of manure and so on, alternating
the one with the other. In the spring,
when fit to use, they will be found soft
and full of liquid manure and as valua
ble for growth of plants as any fertilizer
that can be had. When so treated they
are especially valuable to put iu the
drill for either tobacco or potat Jes, wbue
as a top dressing for mowing notuiug
can be better. They also may be used
by spreading broadcast on tobacco land,
but should be jilowed under just as
soon as possible. One of the most
practical farmers we know of, a gentle
man of lanro experience in growing
tobacco, cuts the stalks up and throws
them into his hog pen, say from M o
i5 bushels at a time. Then he scatters
v.tti aiiioiirr t he cut BiaiJSJ". iuo u'w
are turned in and the rooting begins.
and so the manure and stalks re
throughly mixed together.
Ever thine rrose. SclliU
The markets of Irkutsk are an inter
esting sight in the Winter nine, ior
everything on sale is froeen solid. F ish
are piled up in stacks like so much cord
wood, and meat likewise. All kinds oi
fowl are similarly frozen and piled up,
many of them being stuck up in corners
in fanciful attitudes. Some auiinals
brought into the markets whole are
propped up on their legs and have the
appearance of being actually alive, and
as you go though the markets you
seem to bo suronnded by living pigs,
sheep, oxen and fowls standing up aud
watchini? you as through you were a
visitor to the barn-yard. You can
scarcely realize that they are deaJ, so
4.s..1 and ir7la.ll fc do they appear. Bat
IJtabUAi - -
tranger yet even the bquids are frozen
solid and sold in blocks. Milk is frozen
into a block in this way. with a string
. !ick trozen into or projecting from
it This is for the convenience oi me
purchaser who cau take his muit uy xue
' . . i .4 l.tmo airiiriD
string or sticK ana crij u . e
across the shoulder, inewis w
for miik cans or pails to take to market
;.. Irkutsk. Other liquids are sold in
...a wt. and. so in a aouwe sense
lilt' J r "
...,!. ; unknown in other countries,
man cau buy his dnn - wiui i.uc .u
it.".
A Castly Mouse.
It is estimated that, when finished,
the new house which the Marquis of
Bute is building on the site of the house
of Mountstuart. near Rothesay iu Scot
land, will have cost at least $1,250,000.
He expects that iU be ready for use
,t.Lmmcr. In the meantime an ex
tensive force of workmen, who ether
ise would not have employment from
him, will be engaged on a large reser
voir and splendid water-works which the
Marquis has recently determined to con-atruc
Novel flee Dcpirttuent
., ' x, ., ,' is greatest, aud hence the evaporation
reutli, Germany, thus describe tLe it. . . -, , , ,.
t . .x, . . .from the Indian Ocean, which supplies
efforts of the Fire Brigade of fiat place i . , t tt- V
. , - , r , the vapor for the abnormal Himalayan
to extinguish a fire, I was awakened M0,fan it moreabundant than in year
from a sonud sleop by the loud beating of maiimum 8nn.Bpot. Physicals have
of a drum under my windows. I could neTer been able determine whether the
hear drums beating m various parts of J 6nn. rajiation of heat is greater during
the city, the church bells were ringmg, t cda of maximum or minimum spot
tliere was the heavy fcatnp cf soldieis . leduess, so that the study of the great
through the street, people rushing i meteorological changes on the earth re-
auuut ana snouting x ire in isci
every indication of a fire, except the
noise of fire engims. A house a little
way down tbe street was burning. A
crowd had gathered there. I found the
infantry guarding! a patch of beans, the
cavalry sta ioned about the potato patch
with flashing sabres, and the artillery
drawn np around a pear tree. The
flames were crackling merrily among
the beams. At lat, around the corner
appeared six big Germans carrying a
small bidder, and, after them, six sniull
Germans carryuig a large ladder. These
12 German wore green suits and brass
helmets. When they had managed to
place the tig ladder against the front
of the house they ran away again. After
a while we heard a rattling as though a
dog with a tin cau tied to his tail was
running through the next street The
12 Germans again turned- the sorner,
drawing after them what looked like a
tin box on wheels. It was the fire
eDgine au open tin box with a hand
pump. A hose was attached. A fire
niaa mounted th 3 ladder. Another fire
man carried the hose up to him. Mean
while, women with large wooden paniers
strapped to their backs brought water
from the neighboring fountain aud
emptied it into the engine. Finally,
everything was ready, and the pumping
began. Several large streams of water
came from the joints of the hose and
wet the bystanders A small stream
came from the nozzle. The fire was
such a trifle that they really managed
to get it pretty well nnder control.
Then they consulted as to whether they
should adjourn then and there and get
some lieer or go on until the fire was
completely out They decided to ad
journ. In alrout au hour they came
back and finished their woik. I heard
one Bayrenlher say to another that after
all the Ba renth fire brigade was the
test in the world. The next day the
city conned voted a resolution of thanks
and a compensation of 12 cents to the
women who carried t!:e water from the
fountain to the engine. During the
Tarsifal" performances the firemen
are distributed turougu tne tueaire.
This seems to me unnecessary the
building could burn down without their
asM-taiic
Ut9 of the Mountains.
A party of Helena, Montana, gentle
men, returned from a trip by boat
throngh the Gato of the Mountains,
report some very woudeiful discoveries
which will add immensely to the already
great attractions of that remarkable
region. While drifting lazily through
the canon admiring the beautiful scenery
overhanging both sides ot the river, a
band of mountain sheep were discovered
high up on a bench of the precipice and
landing was mane. with the object of
a cold-blooded violation of the game
law and of making an adJition to the
already large assortment of trophies of
the c!iase of the well-known Ximrods
of the party. After climbing several
hundred feet to the bench upon which
the animals had been seen, close aud
cautious scrutiny failed to discover the
sheet), but one of the hunters came
accidently upon what appeared to be
the entrance to a cave, and with plenty
of time at their disposal the party con
eluded to make explorations. The en
trance was large enough to admit of
walking upright and from three to seven
feet wide. After following the opening
some fifteen feet, with guns at full cock
on the watch for any possible enemy,
(ho oartv were forced to withdraw as
it became too dark to advance safely.
rrovidiuir themselves with a plentiful
supply of pine knots, another attempt
was made, and very soon tne party
f.innd themselves in an immense cham
ber of the cave. The imperfect light
failed to show tho height of the roof.
l.nt l.y r,acinr.it was found that the
room was about seventy-five feet wide by
nearly two hundred feet long, irregular
iu form and with a rough, uneven noor.
The action of water is plainly discerned
in the cavern, stalactites and stalagmites
tv-;.,r. nlniulv that at some remote
A.ite it was quite wet; but now it is dry,
The floor in many places shows heaps
of bones of animals, indicating that at
one time it was a den of some farody oi
carnivorous beasts; but no sign of any
recent occupancy was to be seen. Xo
ot jer openings were found leading from
this chamber, but closer search might
reveal passages leading to otuer rooms.
Ieebercs atud Sunspots.
The iemarkable ice condition on the
Xorth Atlantic and in the Iceland seas
this year have been recently compared
by an English mefc.-orologist with those
of the tost fifty years, and the compari
son seems to lead to the opinion that
"ice-floes in the Atlantic have a decided
teudenct to occur to an unwonted ex
tent about the time rf maximum sun
spot like the present." The last epoch
of maximum sun spot was in 1870, and
it is something of a coincidence to find
that, in a debuled list of icebergs re
ported by ihe Xorth Gorman steamer
hues from 18C0 to 18C9, the greatest
quantity of ice was encountered in 1868
and 1869. just preceding the maximum.
The Goverment meteorologists of India
ha .snprinined. by extended invest!
ration, that the excessively heavy snow
fails on the Himalaya Mountains have
tendency to recur periodically at the
minimum sun-spot epochs, and it would
seem probable from this fact that dur-
' iDg the sun-spot minima tbe solar heat
ceivea as yet lut little help from the ob
served changes on the sun's face. It is
more than probable that, in the case of
the abnormal ice drifts occurring at in
tervals in the Atlantic, the cuse of the
phenomenon ia to be looked for, cot in
tbe year of its occurrence, but in the
two or three previous years. It cannot
be assumed that a season marked by an
exceptionally large outflow of ice from
the Polar basin has been one of except
ionally high temperatures within that
cold area. The extraordinary discharge
ef ioe may be due' to an accumulation in
the fkrds and bays of Arctic lands,
Lien has been going on for years, until
at last the aggregated glacial formations
are dislodged by their own weight auj
descend into the sea. Arctic navigators,
si-ice Cook's time, have also noted that
the storms and wave-action of the Polar
ocean are more effective in breaking up
its shore ice aud the large ice-fields than
the sun's force. To either of tlie.e slow-
working causes may possible be due the
immense efflux of ice in 1882 from the
Greenland seas. But, if the expedition
now endeavoring to communicate with
Lieutenant Greeley in Smith sound is
successful, the meteorological data
which that officer can furnish from
his high Arctic station may tell some
thing very interesting about the im
mensely larger fields and masses of ice
hich have issued this year from the
Greenland seas, and which still affect
the Atlantic near Xewfoundland,
Bank Na Paper.
The flbered bank note pajier on
which Americad legal tender, national
bank note currency and government
bonds are printed, is made at Dalton
Mass., in an old mill, whose existence
dates back to colonial times. Ii you
should stop at the old paper mill, with
proper credentials, you may perhaps be
allowed to handle a sheet of the crisp
paper, where, as the wet, grayish pulp
is pressed between heavy iron cylinders.
bits of blue and red silk are scattered
over its face and silken ribs laid on its
surface. Yon may go beyond, into the
counting room, where each sheet as it
comes from the drying room is carefully
examined and counted and then return
ed to the paper cutter to be divided
into smaller sheets. If yon trace this
paper still further you will find that
from tho cutter's hands it passes again
into the counting room, and is separat
ed into little packages containing
1000 sheets each, the amount re
corded in a register, and then packed
into bunddles and stored in fire and
mrglar proof vaults to await shipment
to the United States treasury. From
the pulp-room to the vault the precious
paper is watched and guarded as care
fully as though each sheet were an ounce
of gold. Its manufacture is one of the
greatest secrets connected with the
government's money making. From
the vaults of the paper mill at Dalton
to the guarded store rooms of tho treas
ury at Washington is but a journey of
two or three miles. In the capacious
vaults of the treasury bnilding. among
gold, silver, copper and nickel coins,
bullion, paper currency aud official rec
ord, yon will find thousands of packages
of the bank-note paper that is manufac
tured at Dalton. It comes in little iron
safes, such as are used by the Adams
Express Company, and each package
and every sheet is carefully counted be
fore , the manufacturer and express
company are relieved of further respon
sibility. The paper that smves tc-day
may lie in the treasury storeroom for
yeara, or it may be sent to the bureau
of engraving and printing to-morrow,
to return in the course j:l a months
time a legal-tender or bank note.
Tb. IUc-Piek.rV llrvet
As many as 2,000 rag-piekers find em
ployment about the streets of Xew York.
They are almost exclusively Italians,
who have displaced the Irish and Oer
niaiia who used to do the work. Their
gatherings of rases are valued at $750,000
year. The hand-cart dealers do a
business of 83,000,000 a year. The ag
gregate rag trade of the city amounts to
830,000,000 a year. A prominent dealer
estimates the number of rag dealers in
the city at 800, about a fifth of them
doing a large business. The general
trade is controlled by a few extensive
dealers. Last year the cotton rag im
portations reached $10,000,000 in value,
the home gatherings being worth $12,
000,000; the paper mills taking the
whole 3upply. The cotton rags are
worth from 1 to 6 cents a pound ; the
woolen ratrs from 3 to 33 cents a pound.
The latter are used in making shoddy
goods. The rags are sorted by women,
who earn $5 a week, aad parked by men,
whose wages range from $12 to $14 a
week. . Some of the larger dealers have
accumulated large fortune.
Jurors IB franco.
In France fourteen jurors are drawn
for each trial twelve to form the jury
and two to act as substitutes in case of
sickness. The two eubstitntes are
sworn and sit in the jury box, but take
no part in finding the verdict unless
they are required to fill a vacancy.
Unanimity is not required lu finding a
veriJiit but there must be a majority
fc eight ia four tocarry a corviation.
In 1560 au apothecary of Augsburg,
Germany, received lried tobacco leaves
from France as a lew druj. In the
course of the seventeenth century a
number of books on tobacco were pub
lished in Switzerland and Germany. Iu
Italy, too, the clergy became protectors
of the sanative herb. Bishop Torna
boni sent the first see.l of the plant
from Paris to Florence. To Rjnio the
seed Has first sent by Cardinal de Santa
Croce (of the Holy Cross) Pap J nuncio
at Lisbon, and after him the plant was
named the herb of the ho!y cross. But
at Borne tobacco first met opposition.
Pope Urban VIII, because laymen and
clergymen were stuffing during divi'.ie
service, excommunicated snuurrs in
1624.
In Spain, at the convent of San Jago
de Compostella, famous for pilgrimages.
five monks were immured alive in 1692
because they had smoked at the choir
in the eveniDg. Yet Pope Benedict
XUI, himself a passionate snuffor, al
lowed the use of tobacco again iu 1721.
Secular governments, too, opposed the
use of tobacco. King James L of Eng
land wrote a lengthy essay in Latin
against it in 1603. The University of
Oxford held a public disputation against
the smoking of tobacco in 1605. Iu
France only druggists were permitted
to sell tobacco if prescribed by physi
cians, in aweuec, at tue lime ci un
tavus Adolphus, smokers had to do
penance in church. In Russia smokers
were unmercifully whippeJ, while their
noses were torn open iu 1634. About
the same lime Sultan Murad IV. went
around in Constantinople during the
night time, accompanied by executioners,
who had to kill those he d.-overid
smoking.
Iu Persia soldiers found smoking
were killed, nud, mith smashed hands
and feet, thrown before their tents.
Also among the Mohammedans the
clergy were bitterly opposed to the use
of tobacco. In Germany where the
first smoking of tobacco was chronicled
in 1620, the authorities waged war
against its use, after the thirty years
war, from 1618 to 164, was over. Th
city council of Bcme, Switzerland, oi-
dained in 1661, that smoking cf tobacco
should rectiive the same punishment as
adultery. But all that opposition was of
no avail. Tobacco remained victor.
Thereupon tho government commenced
to tax it. The Republic of Veaico tint
did this in 1657. It decreed the sale
and manufacture of tobacca to ba a
monopoly of the State, leased the same
and derived a net itcomeof 46,000dncats
from it durinc the first five years. This
example was at once followed by the papal
government at Rome, and in a short
time by the governments of all the other
States in Italy. In France, Colliert, the
prime minister, made a similar arrange
ment in 1674, and the government of
France derived from the sale and ruanu
facture of tobacco a revenue of five
hundred thousand livrcs in that year,
which fce to 29,000,000 bvres during
tbe year 1787. Iu Eualand alsi a to
bacco monopoly of the State was estab
lished, but it lasted only about twenty
years, when it was abolished, living
way to a tax on tobacco. In all civiliz
ed countries of Europe tobacco was
heavily taxed in the seventeenth and
eighteenth centuries. The tobacco
plant is now extensively r-iised in Eu
rope, too. and manufactured there into
snuff, smoking, and chewing tobacco
all of which is taxed as luxuries. As to
the prodnction of tobacco, the Garten-
laube says: The annual amount oi it
raised at present is, in the United
States, 3,400,000 hundred weights ; Cuba
610.CO0; Brazil, 300,000; India, 150,
COO: insfria. 100,000; the Xetherlands,
85.000; Italy, 93,000; Russia, 10,000,
and Germany, 1.100,000.
Of the several States of the latter coun
try Prussia produces, in round numbers,
230.000 hundred weights; Baden, 'ill,
000 : Bavaria, 156,000 ; Alsace-Lorraine,
160,000, and Hefwu. S1.OC0. The to
bacco raised on the whole enrth amounts
to about 13,000,000 hundred weights
illv. The present annual con-
hnmntion of tobacco per head of the to
tal imputation is in Russia, 1 pound;
France and England, each also 1 pound;
Italv.U pouuds: Cuba, Zl-o ikiiiuhs
Austria, 32-5 pounds; United Statts
and Germany, each 3 founds ; Belgium,
54-5 pounds, and Holland. 535 pounds.
Tobacco, in the shape of Miufl", smoking
and chewing tobacco, although in itself
not a very attractive thing, has millions
of devotes all over the world.
Harvest ml the Worl.l.
As regards the crops of France maize
is good iu twenty-five departments and
very good in two as against good in
seveu departments oidy last year. Rye
shows a similarly favorable coutra-t
Baley shows a slight improvement
Iu Great Britain four hundred and
fourteen inquiries have been sent to
farmers asking their opinion on the
growing crops. Ihe replies, taxing JUU
as representing an average crop, show
the following result: Wheat, 92.2
barley, 95.4; ca's, 105.1; roots, 197.1
potatoes, 96.4. This may bo coupled
with last year's figures, which were as
follows : Wheat, 9 ; barley, 110; oats,
80; roots, 80, and potatoes 98. The
wheat crop will probably be U-n million
quarters for consumption, leaving fii
teen millions of quarters ft r which we
shall be dependent on foreign supply
Spain is the only country from which
he reports are unfavorable. In sum
marizing the result the iMiulon Time
says: Never, during the time since
these reports were collected, has the
harvest in the Northern hemisphere
been so (rood all round. We us
ually had to report a deficiency either
in Europe or America, This year there
is absolutely none. The world over
then is an average harvest,nnd with such
a harvest tbe year is Jikely to be
one of cheap abundance.
A Meslcau Graveyard.
It may have beeu the doleful effect of
our feelings that decided u to drive
over to the Mexican graveyard It is
of small compass aud rests on the side
of a mountain. The Texans ted . us
death occurs here from the too frequent
use of six-shooters rather than disease.
The size of this graveyard, cr "el inner
to," corroborates this stafr. ment It
seems impossible for the Mexicans to
free themselves from adobe, even after
death. The IkkIics are placed ia adobe
tomis to keep them from the coyotes
that infeel this region. Some of these
tombs are already almost completely
cmoUshed by these hungry animals.
Thj bricks look light and as though
asily crumbled, but on trying to move
one I fouud it as heavy as stone of the
same size. Blocks of aood, bearing
Spanish mcriptious, were inserted iu
the heads of the tombs. They take no
paius to leautify "el mureto." Inside a
green railing was buried an American
mother and child. The gate of the lot
was padlocked an unnecessary precau
tion, as the railing was low enough to
scale or light enough to be taken up and
carried off, padlock and all.
We also drove down to see them
making adolies. They make an "aceqntu
by drawing the water through a ditch
from the creek to where the adolies are
to be made. This water, clay and
hopped hay form the adobe material.
The workers presented a picturesque
appearance the red handkerchiefs bound
about their foreheads contrasting wth
their bronzed skins, glittering eyes and
dark hair. They wore gay-colored shirts
and pants that might have been white
at the embarkation of Xoah's ark. Ihe-y
were rolled high ubove the knees. Twa
f the men stoo 1 knee-deep in the mud.
with which they loaded an oblong litter,
trotting with it to a man on the hill
above, who monlded the bneks. lie
d a hollow, rejctanAular frame, three
inches iu depiu auu uiviueu ui iuc
centre.
Placing this ou the ground hi filled
it with mud from the litter, smoothed
the mud even at the top, and raining
the litter, left two bricks on the grouud,
whde the two men trotted back and
aiu loaded the btter. After these
adobes dry ou the top t'uey are turned
sideways to harden in the sun. At
night they are carefully covered with
tarpaulin, in case of raiu, which destroys
them if it falls before they are harden
ed. The Mexie-an-s, in budding their
houses, hollow out a place in front f
the bnildintr. where the "acninai" is
formeel to make the adobe, and when
the house is finished use this hollow for
hrts.
Thistles and (.olden Rod.
The early part of September is the
time to gather thiitles for modi embell
ishment There may be same who do
not know how to transform them into
the white puffy balls which are so'd in
the stores aud on the street For such
the following: Gather them when iu
full bloom; those gathered a little early
will bloom iu water. Holding by the
pink top. insert a pocket-knife under
the green points nearest tho stem anj
bend them back. They will readily
break off and the loDger points will
follow easily. The next thing to do is
to pnll out the pink; if they are fully
bloomed this can be done without taking
any of the while, silky fibres that are
laid bare ou removing the groen. Han
them then by the stems in a sunny win
dow a few days a id yo t have delicate
pretty things to fill the vases when the
gardeu aud wild flowers are gone. They
may also be used effectiv. ly in conjtinc
ton with autumn leavfls to cover picture
cjrds. Then it is better to cut oft' the
string stems aud string the balls ou
threads. Large buuchrs of golden rod
seem to lie the correci street elecoratiou
for tho corsage. The-y are worn at tiie
lielt or just over the heart The addi
tion of two or three large thistles gives
oue a very formidable, touch -nie-not
appearance. The miss who dares wear
them has presumably learned the secret
of handling the prie-kly things, which is
simply to press the hand firmly and
with the courage that will grow with
exiieriei.ee, in the dire-ction of the
points, that is, toward the purplish-piuk
t ips.
l'MHtne. ot Texas.
The following is a summary of the
amo' ht and value of the productsof the
State of Texas for the year ending
August 31, 1S82, as follows: Cotton,
878,854 ba!es, value, $50,094,678; wool,
22,299,652 pounds, value, $5,128,919
hides, 13,582,765; j.ounds, $1,628,735
cattle, 691,358, $16,654,070. horses and
mules 33.724 head. Sl.093.10t); lumber
and shingles, $644,120; grain and hay,
$8,497,625. cotton seed, cotb-n seed
cake and oil, $2.4S5,740; miscelLuieous
products,$3,427,668; sugar and molas
ses. $725,694. Total value. $97,380.-
458. Duriug the year thvre were com
pleted 1611 miles of railroad, a' au est
mate 1 cost for construction and equip
ment of $14,525,0.10. Tke state now
bos 5908 miles of omp'eted railroads
costing for hui!di:i? and equipment
$165,806,000.
Tue will of the late Ex-Governor C.
C. Washburn, of Wisconsin, which dis
penses of property worth $2,5OO,0C0, is
to be contested by relatives of his wife.
Mis. Washburn became insane twonty
years ago, and has lived since in an in
sane asylum, the money for her sup
port being given by her husband. His
will provides that the yearly allowance
he made for this purpose shall be con
tained. Under the laws of Wisconsin,
however, a wife, whether sane or insane,
is entitled to a dowry of onc-th-rd of an
undivided estate. The will, lawyers
held, can be set aside on this ground.
NEWS IS BRIEF
Thers are 1,165 1 isy. r:
Acting Vice President
in Tipton.
lViv a is in .
Aorth Ooro.iua.
There were 321 families e v'ctcu in
Ireland in JtiTv.
Patti will return to t':e United
States ia October.
A French waterinsr pi csma e "
is of amber nierino.
The cold season has hin t ba-iuess
at the German tat lis.
In the cities rf Vet.i.-o au.l Amster
dam tlie're are 750 bri-.l"i s.
Camp-meetings were held iu tiiis
country as e:ir!y as 1779.
The corn crop m Cuba has been
destroyed by the drought.
Rusria has int-re-:L-ed 1 1.5l O.OiM) iu
population iu the h--i twelve years.
Tho demand for French rookies is
greatly ou the iucrease iu Euplaial.
Nevada will send from 40.000 to
50,00o bevf catile to market this rear.
In 1S5 sixty t. ns of liumau hair
were exported bviii China to Europe.
An ostrich ei is cor.s'.iieie.t univa
lent to twenty-four e-s of the dome-stie
hen.
A Pitti-Lurj' firm is tumit; ont
glass slabs for use ou un.itiue in lien
of marble.
Cyprus is said to ent.'ii a clear au-
nnal exieu.-e of Sijii.OUOon theEmillsii
Government
A movement is on foot auioncr the
lawyers of Texas to oraiiizj a Suite
Bar AssoeMatiou.
In Java an i'.fcrior luie-t walk with
his hands ou his he-els nn!ii his Mtoerior
is out of si-Iit.
It is repcried that Gen!. Abe Bi;f-
oru will soon start a '(.hristiui armv
paper at LetiiLic.
fraue-e and Germany will ptirel.a.-e
S100,UOl,0,0 worth of grain in the
Lulled States th;s year.
A new milit:1.! y lnst has been or
dered couhtructe.l ou the Nioi.r-ra river
iu Northern Nebra-ka.
Captain Carev h :h v.i ut n a loner
ae'couut of Prince Napoleon's death foi
a London society jouriiul.
The backers ef Iiuiitma rtrc- to bold
a meeting iu Inuuntqx lis o i ii-.e 1st of
October to foiui a S:alo s-oe-ietv.
Iu eiue part of RusMa thev Were re-
et ttly praying for rain, while iu another
patt it had rained mx weeks liit-.-ssantly.
Dr. Franz Huffman. w!:o- sb;rv
beioks de!ieit-d two gM rations of
Geuoan children, bt'.s iu.-.t died in lres-
len.
Iu IS 71 the re-venue ' t!e Suez
Canal amounted to ylout l,7i'0,IHH ;
in 1-S81 it had giowu to more than 10,
UUdlMMi. The product of California quicksil
ver mines lust year was iiti.Vil thks,
aud tbe e-xiMtrts by sea and rail wore
45,779 flasks.
Mrne. Christii:c Xi.'ssem is at Div-
onue, a watenne place in Southern
trance. She will hail for the Ui-itcd
States tu Octobe r 11.
Mr. Sackvirie Wet, tb; EnsUsh
Mililste'r at Wa.-hint.n. will make a
brief trip to Eugia'ai iu October to at
tend to some business matters.
-The Su-.n;u r corps of New York
physicians recently vi-ite.l 5,078 tene
ment houses and :',ol2 fani:h r, aud
prescribed f .r :9 ? icit person-.
Savannah refuses to allow any t;ire
:t railways iu that city, f.-r tlu rea
that thy l rese-nt companies have
abused the privileges granted them.
Joseph Jefferson, the actor, has
prese-nted to his iiie-lour friend. Attor
ney Oenend Lrowster, a lino view of a
Southern landscape, painted by him
self. A marriage is aniion;:ce l as ar
ranged be-tweeu the daughter of ilir.iu
(iUbtavedellotli cl.ini and Mr. b.atu
bert, the agent oi tne. hou.su el Roths
child in Brussels.
It is said that Prince Alexander, of
Bulgaria, Ls betroih d to t:.e younger
ister of Qiceii Nathalie of St-rvi.i.
Her M.ijev-ty is uaul.tr of O-louel
Ke'chko 1:1 the Rusi-iati arm v. an 1 of his
wife wr, Priueeoa Stottr.lza.
They nako something lu-HIes of-
fi-h lde-rs iu Washing m, tho maun
lacturing establishments of the city
having a capital of i5,:j.'il,22i, employ
ing 7,116 pers-n is. while their piouilcts
aro valued at ill, (ill, 185.
Tho faiuili.-s of two men lynched
for ca.'tle stealing at l'ne;!o. OI . I,uv
u .d the count v f r $50,0 '. oa tho
groiinel that the lueu w- re n t r-.perly
protecteil by thy oilieevs.
It ia suid that Miia-t. r If nut will
soon return lrom R isiia, to look after
the large proiierty left to lm:i and his
ilaii"liter ly a irei.t eii:.::i ulio di -,i a
few weeks ago at New Orleans.
The Crowj lands of An-tra!:a 1k-
sides the reserves for roads, bn, !'.
e-tc., comprisa 32,0ili,iits ii jabem-ted
acre-, cls.sihcd as foil-iws: A'-n. ullur.d
lands, J.J,l)tiO a -res; pastoral, U.IJIjO,-
(XX) acres; iufiri-ir land, calhd tho
"Malice scrub," 11,(H(',!!( i res,
Of the United Stabs is $!9,So,
000,000, or S'.HI'J per capita; of Great
Britain, ?ll,0l!t,0U,(aio, wh.eii is $1.
260 ir head ; France, $37,2uO,(:i0,(i(H),
or $1,045 per capita. I:i l.Sp) Oreat
Britain's we-ulth was five times as great
as ours.
Prtbidel-t Gre-vy of France has
been invested with the ord. r of the
Golden Fleece by tho Km of Spain,
his neck be-insr adorned by the same col
lar woru by the late t'zir Ale lander If.
rim Order is on of the most distin
guished in all E'iioic, iiavm- beeu
founded in 11J7 by Philippe III, Dake.
of Burgundy.
FL-heTinau ia I'cnob. -cot Bay say
that the mackerel fishing has been a
total failure titers this season, a i l it,
pite of denials, they reiteratv.' the story
that the menhadeu steamers seine for
mackerel along the coatt of Maine and
threaten their esealru-tion.
rani Tulane, of Princeton, N. J.,
who has giveu New Orleans a Laiidsoiua
school fund, is aboat W years old. He
rode on horse-back from Princeton to
New Orleans iu IHl, ami as early as
182S ha-.t amassed a fort mi) of some
1150.000. lie is a bachelor a-i I lives
quietly at Princeton, where ha is know
for bis charitable deeibt.
The excavation undertaken by Dr.
Scbhemann at Uissarl.k having coia te
a close, lianuii lk-r. Director -f tho
Imperial M jse-uni at Corsiautiiiople, lias
gone to tha Dardanelles wit'i several
other antiquarians f . r tho purpjsr t-f
resj-ivirig thi sharj of tho eli.se jvered
treasures which, by ti- '.-rics of tho
8m.ai, beion-s tot' --rial Government
h
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