J
WW
-A
B. F. SCHWEIEE,
TEE 00 J8T1T U TIOI-THE UIIOI AID THE EIFOSOEHEHT 01 TEE LAWS.
Editor and Proprietor.
VOL. XXXVI.
MIFFLINTOWN, JUNIATA COUNTY. PENNA.. "WEDNESDAY. AUGUST 9. 1SS2.
NO. 32.
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IN THE JiKsT.
Gather them close to jour loving heart
Cradle them to lour breast;
They will anon enough leave jour brooding care,
Soon enough mount youth'a topmost stair
Little ones in the nest.
Fret not that the children's hearts are gay.
That their restless feet will run !
There mar come a time in the bj and bj
When you'll sit in jour tonelv room and sigh
For a sound of childish fun;
When joull long for a repetition sweet.
That sounded through each room.
Of "Mother P " Mother l" the dear love calls.
That will echo long In the silent balls,
And add to their statel jr g loom.
There may come a time when you'll long to bear
The eager, b vtsh tread.
The toneless whistle, the clear, shrlil shout.
The busy buttle in and out.
And pattering overhead.
When the boys and girls are grown up
And scattered far and wide,
Or gone to the undiscovered shore
Whence youth and age come never more.
You will miss them from your side.
Then gather them close to your loving heart.
Cradle them on your breast,
They will soon enough leave your brooding care.
Soon enough mount youth's topmost stair
Little ones in the nest.
THK TABLES IlKNtU
It was just such an American village
as you see in pictures. A background
of superb old mountains clothed in
blue-green cedars, with a torrent thun
dering down a deep gorge and falling in
foamy billows; a river reflating the
azure of the sky, and a knot of houses
with a church-spire at one end and a
thicket at the other, whose black smoke
wrote ever-changing hieroglyphics
against the brilliancy of the sky.
This was Dapplevale, and in the rosy
sunshine of a June day the girl were
all issuing forth, while General May,
the foreman, aat at his desk, a pen be
hind his ear, and his small, beady eyes
drawubackof it were in the shelter of
a precipice of shaggy eyebrows.
One by one the girls stopped and re
ceived their pav for one week's work,
for this was Saturday. One by one
tney filed out with discounted faces
until the last one paused in front of the
desk. . , ,
She was slight and tall, with large
velvetv blue eyes and a complexion as
delicately grained and transparent as
rose coloied wax, and an abundance of
Elossv hair of so dark a brown that the
casual observer would have pronounced
it black, and there was something m
the way the blue ribbon at her neck
was tied and the manner in which the
simple detail, of her dress were arranged
that bespoke her foreign birth.
-Weil Mademoiselle Marie, how do
you like factory life?" ed the fore-
mt is not disageeeable." she an-
.i .i;l,t imit clinging to her
swertu, , i
tones bke fragrance to a flower, as she
extended her hand for the money
counted out to ner.
ou have given me but four dollars,
and it was eight by the contract," she
ThJ forman shrugged his shoulders
"Humph! you ain't much accus
tomed to our way of doing things, arc
you, mademoiselle? Eight, of course,
but we deduct two for a fee."
"A fee ! For what ? demanded Mane
with flashing eyes.
For getting you the situation, to be
sure. Such places don't grow on every
bush, and you naturally expect to pay
for the privilege."
I did not" .
"Oh. well, all right. Youamt
obliged to stay unless you choose
"Do vou mean that if I do not pay
this money"-heiteted Man
"You can't expect to stay w the
works," said May, hitching P his
collar.
liar. ,
"But the other two doUars , I
'Oh, that is a perceuu
r " said the foreman.
"But what is it for?"
Mr. May laughed.
"It helps out my salary. v
you know tie girls expect to pay aome
Ihing each week for keeping their situ
ations in a place where there are o
many anxious to get in."
"And Mr. Elder?"
"Oh, he hasn't much to do with it 1
am master, if you please.
"ilr Elder owns the works?
"Well, yes, he owns it, but I manage
... nr. n.lnr reooses the Ut-
SSSa-y -d -
. j ...,h man. He under-
ia a goou - .,
stands his own interest And now if
yott nave uuj a- -
, Kt T need this money
x nave uuiki - - ..
myself. I work hard for it; earn
righteously. I cannot afford any more
than the other, among those vooi la
boring girls to pay it to your greed.
"Eh?" ejaculated Mr. May, jumping
. . i w
from his seat as u "ui(s-
"And I will not pay it," calmly con-
t -r.. .t.-.iarAa Mane.
tinuea iuauc
"Very well; just as you like, made
moiselle, only if you , won't , nform to
the rules oi me l'Flc'
"Are these the rules ?' scornfully de
manded the girt
"Pray consider your name crossed ofl
the books; you are no longer in my em
ploy. Good evening, mademoiselle.
Mr May slammed down the cover of
bis desk as if it were a patent guillotine,
and poor Marie's neck were under it
Twoor three of the factory girls who
had hovered around the place to hear
Se dlscussion, looked with wcken
laoes at Marie as she came out with ?4
1
ou have lost your place ma'amf
- , j T.n Raas. a pale,
Sk-eyli girl who supported a crippled
SlaXoUtUe sisters out of her
SdSver take you on again;
heiTaa vindictive as possible, sd
tEi He fa. rogue, d
rogues sometimes out-general them
selves."
"Bnt you can't starve," said Jennie.
"Come with me, ma'amselle. My home
is a poor place, but you are welcome to
stay there till you can write to your
nends.
Marie turned and impulsively kissed
Jennie on her law.
"I thank you, but I do not need your
kindness. I have friends nearer than
yon think."
Marie Duvelle went to the red brick
house, all thatched with the woodbine,
where she lodged with the wife of the
man who tended the engines in the
Dapplevale Works.
"Does he cheat you out of your
money, too?" she inquired, when Simon
Pettengill came home, smoke-stained
and grimy, to his supper.
"One-sixth I have ti pay him," said
Simon, with a groan, as he glanced at
the five little ones around his board.
"Yes, miss, he's a villain; but this
world is full of such, and I find it a
pretty hard world to get on in. Mr.
Elder never comes here, or maybe things
would be different Mr. ElJcr lives
abroad, in Paris, they say."
"Lie is in this country now, and I
intend to write to him."
" Twont do no good, miss.''
"Yes, it will," said Marie quietly.
The i2 Uila of tlie June roses had
fallen like a pink carpet along the edge
of the woods, and the Dapplevale
Works wore their holiday guise, even
down to Simon IYttengill's newly
brightened steam-engine, for Mr. Elder
and his bride were to visit the factory j
on their wedding tour, J
"It is a pity Ma'amselle Marie went
away so soon, for they say the master
is kind-hearted in the main and she
might have spoko up for herself," said
Simon to his assistant
Mr. May. iu his lest broadcloth suit
and mustache newly dyed, stood in the
entrance smiling as the carriage drove
up anC Mr. Elder, a hanitsonie blonde
man, sprang out and assisted a young
lady in a dove-colored traveling suit to
alight
"May, how are you?" he said, with
the carelessness of conscious superior
ity. "Marie, my love, this is my fore
man." "Mademoiselle Marie !"
Mr. May found himself cringing be
fore the slight French girl whom he
had turned from the factory a month
before.
'May," said Elder authoratively,
"my wife tells me some very strange
stories about the way things are man
aged here. It became so notorious that
the rumors reached her even at Blythes
dale Springs and she chose to come and
see for Herself. Marie, my darling, the
best wedding gift we can make to these
poor girls is a new foreman. May, you
are dismissed."
"But, sir"
"Not a word," cried Mr. Elder, with
lowering brow, acd Mr. May crept out
with an uncomfortable consciousness of
Marie's scornful blue eyes following
him.
EMer turned to his wife.
"You were right, my love. The man's
face is sufficient evidence against him,"
he said.
And a new reign began for poor Jen
nie Bass and the others, as well as for
Simon Fettengilt And Marie never
regretted her week's apprenticeship at
the Dapplevale Calico W ork.
Unery for x-t noes.
For the interest of dog fanciers is
made known the following fact that it
may stimulate to organize for like pur
. , 5
poses. In I'aris nearly two tnou&auu
persons are employed in making and
furnishing decorations and clothing for
dogs. The trade represents a million
dollars capitat A "rage runs in
thai French town for dressing canine
pets. Every variety of dog has his pe
culiar dress and proper toilet and toilet
cases, witii pewuer, sponge, comb and
so forth. It would be a rank breach of
dog manners for a bull-dog to appear in
the dress of another kind; indeed tne
deg would pine away lrom sheer morti
fication. Smooth "tamers wear brace
lets on some one of their legs.and bear
in mind, always pnt the ring on the left
Ire. that is the iashionr As to collars,
o- .
blankets for cool weather, netting for
warm weather, the rule holds good
evert one to its own and to no other. A
very aristocratic dog would never ap-
rvr od a raiuv dav without long-legged
boots made of doeskin and fastened on
with rublier lines.
At certain seasons of the year dogs
most be muzzled and this calls for fancy
and decorated muzzles. But, heaven
be praised, ome of them get into the
pound, the worthless ones, and die later
than they ought An American may
exclaim on reading of Fans dog-dress
inn, "not all the fools are on this con
tinent; some own dogs in Fans.
islup.
in. iMt.r in Cwieral Camahan. ot
T.i:.nni;i Amariran minister at
UlUiWUilM uv I
Constantinople describes a wonderful
exhibition of horsemans' ip which he
recently witnessed. General Wallace
writes: "I was invited a few days figo
by the Sultan to go witn nun ana w
... ... . i .ii i
uao -
The old eleveuth could beat his infantry
. ai.- -fnm.otinc nf Ins Circtssian
jn nt his nouseuoiu uuwa
UUl UIO jiriiviuiwv.
i omofhinn' extraordinary.
cavaixj " - o .
AS1 ihuui'. 1. .
ficebtly moniited were iu line. A bugle
calL and the ruht company dashed
throuah to the front full speed. Another
i fiat K.ah
call, there was a urauui .- '
man reached out with his nght hanct
caught the rein close to the bit pulled
hard, and tlirew his horse flat on its
left side, dismounting as it went down,
fr .u. ....) hoiiind the horse.
inen, ou mc 6'""- r . .
lie began iuhb ...
third call, tie company ro,o up wrj
their horsesand retreated at full speed.
Light and Near-sightedness.
Professor Pickerimr. of Harvard Ol.-
servatory, po:nts out in Xature that the
color of gas-light has nothing to do with
its painfnl effect upon the eyes of stu
dents and others. To tt st this question
he had a tin lamp-shade constructed,
consisting of a tube six inches in diame
ter by eigfu in lenght. One end was
closed by a reflector, and the ether by a
piece of very light blue glass. The
holes were made in the sides through
which passed the glass chimney of an
argaud gas-burner. By experimenting
with a shadow photometer, a position
was found where the light received on a
book was cf the same intensity and very
similar color to that from a window in
the daytime at a distance of about six
feet A few minutes' rtading, however,
was sufficient to convince him that the
new light was far more trying to the
eyes than an ordinary gas-flame would
be. the ill effects being due to the in
tense heat thrown d wn by the reflector.
And this he thinks is the source of the
whole trouble in the ordinary gas-bur
ner. The heat radiated by the flame,
the heated chimuey and shade, and
reflected from the printed page and all
other white paper lying on the table,
dries the eyes, the lids, the forehead
and temples. Temporary relief may be
found by bathing the face and eyes in
water, but it is only temporary. The
hot, dry air from the lamp is also harm
ful, ajd no doubt contributes its share
of injury to the vision. These evils
may lioth in part be remedied by plac
kg a pane of Klass so as to intercept the
rays about the lamp before they strike
on the Imm K or the face. But it must
be placed at such a distance fron the
lamp as not itself to become heated.
The hotter the flame the whiter it is,
and the more light is thrown off iu pro
portion to ilie heat Hence oculists are
recommending such lights as tbe Stu
dents' and Moderator lainps, which burn
with a small, hot aud very brilliant
flame, as compared with that furnished
by the argand and fish-tail burners.
Statistics, said Professor Pickering-
shows how alarmingly prevalent near
sightedness has become of late among
students. Hence anything which will
tend in the future to prevent this wide
spread de'ect will be a boon to mankind.
He had great hopes of the electno light
in this respect In it there was the
maximum of light with the miuimnm of
heat The ever-varying iutensity was
an objection, but he thought we might
look forward to the success of the light
from the incandescent carbon strip, in
the near future, as a remedy for "the
most widespread evil that affiieta the
human vision."
Beards and Barbers.
Barbers do not often figure in the
literature of ancient Clreece and Rome,
and information respecting them at that
time is not ample. Nevertheless, four
hundred years ago they were incorpora
ted among the guilds of Liondon.
Orimnaltv they united the art oi suav-
ing with that of tramming the nails.
on.A of them still practice blood
letting, though not in the interests of
Their sifitt was formerly a
0 . - . t
basin, symbolical of their trade as bar
bers, with a pole bound spirally witn a
rd fillet, svmbolizinsr the ribbon about
the arm in bleeding. The pole with red
and white stripes is still used, m-
1543 Henrr V IU inconorated tlie Da r
bers aud surgeons together, but forbade
ea-h to exercise the functions of the
other. In his time the shops were the
resort of idle persons, and a lute or gui
tar was almost always hanging on the
wall for the use of wandering musicians
and the pleasure of the company
The early barbers in Fans were privi
leged, in addition to staving, to cut
hair, bleed, keep warm baths, and
moke wigs.
The surceons were a distinct profes
sion but they were arbitrarily joined with
the barbers by Louis XIV, and so re
mained for many years. 1 he. early
French members of the craft could also
draw teeth and bind up broken heads,
which as cities were not at that time
well policed and orderly, they were of
ten called upon to do.
In the period before shops became so
common, natron were shaved in their
own houses, barbers carrying with them
to the place where needed the simple
tools then in use.
The razors now sold in Paris are so
bad that no Parisian thinks of shaving
himself, so that when there was a strike
k few weeks since, among the barbers
imployes, the gay capital was seriously
disturbed.
This strike had a singular cause.
Tlie rtrice of shaving had been raised
to ivonlv fivfl runtimes (about 6! cents)
which so displeased the working classes
who thought it too high for une oaroe
Kimnlc. that they refused to drop the
usual gratuities, or pourboircs, tcr the
employes into the box tn&t always
stood ready for their reception.
ti.o oTnnlnvea could not stand this
i - . -Innrivation
and refused to work. The
employers could not well yield, as they
fAfittxi tlie intjosition of a tuie ot two
hundred f ranees from the Union, and
the difficult.' had to be compromised on
the Irat terms mutually obtainable.
Vtbitornl Hayny.
TCi..n TWninl Whtr finished his
' "v
t wSvay. ,n favor nf the Union a
.. .. 1 i i,.i i,;
psouuiern memiwr iu;ucumiij
. - M un., aai.1 "AIT. M iUSUr. M. LllllUk
ltUi '
h.ii kutti-rilwiiow and rest vour fame
on that speech." Mr. Hayue was standing
near and near a uie remsrs, suu dmii.
Yob ought not to die. A man who can
make sucn a speech ought never to die."
W eb6terand nayne met at me rrwiuom
-.Art vt tiamA sTpnini7. and as tbev
shook hands Mr. Webster asked pleas-
.i V "How are VOU tO-Wimu --one
the better for you, sir," was the Gen
end's humorous reply.
Br mIMtrd meats.
The history of bombarding towns af
fords an instance of something like act
ual defeneration in the usages of modern
warfare. Regular or simple bombard
ment, that is, of a town ind scrininately
and not merely of its fortresses, has
now became the established practice.
Yet, what did Yattel say in the middle
of the last century ? "At present we
generally content ourselves with batter
ng the ramparts and defences of a
place. To destroy a town with bombs
and red-hot balls is an extremity to
which we Co not proceed without cogent
reasons." What said Yauban still
earlier? "The fire must be directed
simply at the defences and batteries of
a place and not against the houses."
Then let ua remember the English bom
bardment of Copenhagen in 1807, when
the cathedral and some three hundred
houses were destroyed ; the German
bombardment of Strasburg in 1870,
where nfled mortars were used for the
first time, and the famous library and
picture gallery destroyed; and the Ger
man bombardment of Paris, aliout which
strangely enough, even the military
conscience of the Germans was struck;
so that in the highest circles doubts
about the propriety of such a proceed
ing at one time prevailed from a moral
no less than from a military point of
view. With respect again to sacred or
public buildings, warfare tends to be
come increasingly destructive. It was
the rule in Greek warfare to spare sacred
buildings; and the Romans frequently
spared sacred and other buildings, as
Marcellus, for instance, at Syracuse,
Yet when the French ravaged the Pal
atinate in 1689 they not only set fire lo
the cathedrals but sacked the tombs of
ihe ancient Emperors at Spiers, Freder
ick II destroyed the finest buildings at
Dresden and Prague. In 1811 the
English forces destroyed the Capitol at
Washington, the President's house, and
other publio buildings; and in 1815 the
Prussian General, Blucher, was with
difficulty restrained from blowing up
the bridge of Jena at Paris and the pil
lar of Austerlitz. There is always the
excuse of reprisal or accident Yet
Yattel had said (in language which but
repeated the language of Poly bins and
Cicero:) "We onght to spare those
edifices which do honor to human soci
ety, and do not contribute to the enemy's
strtngth, such as temples, tomlis, pub
lic buildings, and all works of remarka
ble beaut v."
Mftking Dresses as Home
Woollen dresses are made w itb. the
deep Jersey, or the coat basque; the
pointed bodice is reserved for more
dressy toilets, and it is out-lined with
folds of trimming, which form a sash in
the same, or a contrasting color; or in a
different shade of the same color; or in
colors which appear in figure of tlie
fabric of wh'!ch the dress is composed.
Basque bodices are very fashionably
finished with two collars one narrow
and standing, the other flat and cut off
square, as in the "Gilda" basque. The
insertion of a square shirring, or fine
knife plaiting in casement opening at the
neck, is favored for princess dresses be
cause it gives a dressy effect without much
trouble, and is almost universally be
coming, except to very stout figures.
Shirred bodices are less employed than
last year, partly because of the difficulty
of making them stylishly and so as to
produce a good efect. They are still
seen occasionally, however, and look
best iu washing; materials on slender
young girls, who can belt them in with
ribbens, and who are improved by the
fullness aud the additonal breadth given
to the shoulders. It is important to re
member that basques and bodices of all
kinds can hardly be cut too high upon
the Bhoulder, and that the sleeve requires
them to be equally well roundad in on the
front of the arm. It is quite common to
see dresses made at home or by inferior
dressmakers, the effect of which is spoil
ed by the bad shape of the arm-hole,
just at the top, where the highest part
of the sleeve touches the shoulder seam.
it will form an almost abrupt point, sim
ply because the sides are not well cut in
and rounded. The result is disastrous,
not only ruining the outline of the arm
but creating a mass of wrinkles, leaving
an ungraceful breadth at the back, and a
want of ease as well as smoothness in
the fit of the front The modern dress
sleeve is shaped like the coat sleeve, and
the dress like the coat, is narrowed by
the sleeve extending over the top of the
shoulder. Sleeves should be adapted to
their purpose; fancy "elbow," and half
long sleeves are absurd for the useful,
every -day dresses of young Amazons,
whose muscular development cannot al
ways bejencased in pink silk mitts or long
tan-colored gloves.
Be Mumped.
A woman with a market basket on her
arm and a big bouquet of flower in her
hand, was waiting at the ferry dock
when a man of pleasant address ap
proached her and said:
"Madam, this is very fine nosegay.".-
"Yes, sir."
"I think it is the finest one I ever
saw, and 1 have been in twenty-seven
different States."
"Yes, sir."
"There is the pansy hiding itself be
hind the rose. According to the lan
guage of flowers the pansy stands for:
'Darling. I cannot live without yon.' I
likewise observe thf rosebud. The
language of the rosebud is:' 'I'm looking
for a husband.' Madam, do you under
stand the language of flowers."
"Yes, sir."
"What is tne language of that tulip?"
"The tulip says, sir, that if you don't
stump along with your brazen impu
dence, IU have you walked into the
cooler?" was her firm reply. He stum
ped. '
Great IMamoDds.
" Some great diamonds have disappear
ed are in retirement, so to speak some
have gone to pieces. Others, like the
Koh-i-noor, have been unskilfully cut so
as to have lost their remarkable size.
And some, sad to relate, are suspected of
imposture, are believeei to be crystals or
white topaz, "which consists," we are
told, "of a fluo-silicate mixed with sib
cate of alumiuium."
Tliis suspicion attaches unfortunately
to the stone which stands highest on the
list, the groat Braganza, which is "by
far the largest diamond not only now in
existence, but of which there is any rec
ord," if indeed it is a diamond. It is
jealously guarded in the Portuguese
treasury. "For obvious financial mo
tives, the Government is naturally anx
ious that, whatever be its true character,
it should continue to be regarded as a
genuine diamond;" and no wonder, when
we read further that it weighs over 11
ounces, or 1,680 carats, is about the size
of a goose's egg, and has been valued
at 300,000,000. It was discovered about
1798 in Brazil by three convicts, accord
ing to one story and was sent to the
Regent of Portugal, Dom John, after
ward, John YL Authorises difVr as to
its value as well as it genuiness. We
have given the highest estimate. That
is the opinion of Rome Dclisle; but an-
o'her authority from whom Mr. Streeter
constantly quotes, named Murray, in his
Memoir on the Diamond, considers that
iu its present form it is worth only 5,-
614,800. There is a considerable dis
crepancy here, which Mr. Streeter does
not attempt to adjust, but perhaps M.
Delisle meant francs, not pounds ster
ling. The stone is rough, and would
by cutting be reduced alxmt two thirds,
or 500 carats. This necessity for cutting
down every fine diamond is one of those
things which only experts can under
stand. A jeweler says with a sigh that
a diamond is al present in the rough,
and is, no doubt, very fine, but that it
will be reduced to a mere nothing by
cutting. The obvious reply would be,
"Then don't cut it," but suoh a reply
could only come from the mouth of some
one wholly uninitiated. Still the two
facts remain, that natural stones are
prettiest in their natural state, and that
cutting reduces them in value as well as
in weight The Koh-i-noor, for exam
ple, when it arrived in this country,
weighed a little over 186 carats. It h-id
been partially cut and polished in India,
and had a barbaric magnificence about
it which was wholly removed after M.
Tooreanger. of Amsterdam, had opera
ted on it Before cutting, it looked like
a very precious jewel. After cutting it
look like the prismatic drop of a chan
delier. The operation, besides sacrific
ing so much weight, cost no less than
8,000. Prince Albert open y express
ed his dissatisfaction with the work. The
Koh-i-noor is a greyish stone, and too
thin, or, to use the jewelers' expression,
has too much 'spread," to be of the
finest quality; yet even since it was
robbed of its great weight it is still
valued above 100.000. Mr. Streeter
evidently thinks a great deal of it, as he
not only tells ns (p. 135) that its alleged
uncannie" powers have "now ceased to
be a subject of apprehension," but adds
that its "latest history eloquently de
monstrates the fact that the extended
empire is a blessing just in proportion
as it finds hearts and hands willing to
fulfil the high duties which increased
privileges involve." If the Koh-i-noor
can be made to teach all this, cutting
may have iuproved it
We have not, however, yet answered
the question as to which is the largest
diamond, putting aside the suspected
Braganza so jealously guarded iu the
Portuguese treasury. It seems that in
the Island of Borneo there is a Sultan
who reigns over the Territory of Ma
tan, which stretches along the west coas
between Pontianak and Sarawak; and
this Sultan has a diamond found in 1787,
at Landak, a mine iu this country. It
weiglis367 carats, but is uncut Sir
Stamford Raines noted about it that on
this account "it may be difficult to say
whether it will become the largest cut
diamond ever known; for the famous
diamond of Aurungzeb.called the Mogul,
in its rough state weighed 795 carats,
and was then valued at 600,000, but
when cut, was reduced to 279 carats."
Here we have the same question as to
cutting restated, and cannot tell whether
the Great Matan is. to be reckoned
really great or not. The great Mogul,
we may remark, has disappeared, and
is therefore not in the competition.
Neither is the Nizam, which belongs to
the Nizam of Hyderabad, and is 310
carats in its uncut state; nor the Stew
art, which weighs 288, and is the largest
yet sent home from South Africa. Next
comes the Star of the South, which was
found in Brazil in 1853, and weighed
251 carats, but was duly cut down to
125, so that it is surpassed by several
others. The next is called bi Mr.
Streeter Du Toit I; and. considering
that, according to the table of weights
at the end of the book, this stone weighs
since it was cut no less than 211 carats
and is therefore by far th largest cut
diamond known, we may observe as
charactciistio of the whole book that
thougu Mr. Streeter devotes all Chapter
YII to it, he tells us absolutely nothing
about it except that is was found in 1878
at Du Toit's Pan. Even the weight is
not recorded here, but in the appendix.
This is tantalizing in the highest degree.
Who is the owner of this wonderful
(rem? what is its valae? what was its
weight before it was cut? these and a
dozen other questions are left unans
Wrd and we can only aay rthat the
lamr.est cut diamond known is Du Toit
the Fust
To stain a otasa limn chimnev caint
the glass with a solution of waterglass
isirupyj stainea wuu curume green, sou
Wt it thy thoroughly before using on tbe
lamp.
Dress of the Clergy.
He begins by dressing up a lay figure
at the time of the Christian era, and shows
how his various garmen's have survived
in clerical costume. His shirt ca m iia
or chemise, survives iu two forms, the
alb, so called from its being white, and
the ddmatic, so called from Dalmatia,
from whence this shape of it was derived
just a? certain great-coats, to quote
the Dean's illustration, are now called
ulsters. This shirt, after the invasion
ot the Northern Iwrbarians, used to be
drawn over the fur coat, sheep skin or
otter skin, the pclisne of the Northern
nations, and hence, in the twelfth cen
tury, arose the barbarous name of u-
pcrpcllicium, or turplice, the "over
fur." The present Rector of St Gaorge's-
in-the-East, the Rev. Harry Jonej, told
an amusing story of the Dean which
illustrates this point He came to
preach at St George's one very cold
day, wrapped in a fur coat, aad Mr.
Jones advised him to keep it on during
the service. "Yes," said the Dean, "I
think I had 1 letter do so, and then my
surplice will be a true superpcllicium "
Another form of the same dress survives
in the Bishop's roc lie t, which is the little
frock or coat worn by the mediteval
Bishops out of doors when they went out
hunting. Similarly the pall of an Arch
bishop is the relic of the Roman toga,
or pallium. It is not so certain as the
Dean supposes that cassock is derived
from Carscalla, "a long overall, which
Antonins Bassianus brought from
France, aud whence derived his name,"
for it has also be-en traced to ka, skin or
hide. But there can be no doubt that
chasublo comes from vaiua, "a slang
name used by the. Italian laborers for
he cajxttc," which they called "their
little house," as "tile" is, or was a
short time ago, used for "hat, and as
coat is the same word as "cote" or
"cottage ;" nor that "cope" is another
form of overcoat a sort of waterproof ;
or that the miter was an ordinary head
dress worn by women, and still, accord
ing to the Dean, to be seen in the mu
seums ot Russia as the cap or turbat
worn on festive c cessions in ancient
days by Princes and nobles, and even to
this day by the peasant woman. The
division into two points is, he says,
"only the mark of the crease, which is
the consequence of its having been, like
an opera hat, folded and carried under
the arm." The stole, lastly, was a sim
ple handkerchief for common uses. On
State occasions such handKerchiefs were
used as ribbons, streamers or scarfs, and
were hence adopted by the deacons, who
had httle else to distinguish them. The
Dean mentions a curious modern illus
tration of tlie way in which tlie use of
such a slight symbol may arise. When
Sir James Brooke first returned from
Borneo, where the only sign of royalty
was to hold a kerchief in the hand, he
retained the practice in England. The
process by which these simple garments
passed into official use is easily traced.
First, the early Christian clergy and
laity ali're, when they came to their
public assemblies, took care that their
clothes, though the same as they usually
wore, should be especially neat and
clean. Next, it was natural that the
colors and forms chosen should be of a
grave and sober tiut Lastly came the
process, which nay be easily followed
in English society during the last two
centuries, of common fashions becoming
fixed in certain classes at particular
moments and of what was once common
to all becoming peculiar to a few.
Tlie Entrance Hall at Abbotslord.
The entrance hall at Abbotsford, the
home of Sir Walter Scott Is forty feet in
length. Its lofty ceiling of oak, fashioned
into a series of arches, is exquisitely
carved ; the walls, which are also of
oak, from Dunfermline Abbey, are richly
decorated iu the same manner. The
floor is made of black and white marble
from the Hebndes. Alcng the walls
are many suits of old armor, the most
noticeable being an Euglih suit of the
time of Henry V.. aud an Italian one of
more recent date ; above them are the
coats of arms of the ancient border clans
conspicuous among these being the arms
of Douglas and the Royal Lion of
Scotland. There are also helmets,
rapiers and claymores in great vnety.
as well as Polish lances, and a suit of
chain mail taken from the corpse of one
of the royal body-guard of Tippoo
Sahib, rrler of Seringaptam, when that
Hindoo city was liesicgcd and captured
by the English in 1799. On one s de,
in a niche formed by a window, is a
glass case containing the last suit of
clothes worn by Sir Walter. Hanging
on tlie wall, at the extreme end near
the left door, are the keys of the old
Tolbooth piison. There are also relics
in this entrance hail of James YL. and
C'averhouse, the "Bonny Dundee" of
Scottish prose and poetry. Only two
windows light the hall, and they are so
obscured by coats of arms that the in
terior has been spoken of as being "as
dark as the twe'fth century." I leave
my young friends who study history to
decide how dark that is. Standing in
one of the corners, but not visible in
the picture, is an American ax that was
much prized by Sir Walter as the gift
of Washington living. Many of you
have doubtless read Irving's de'scripti-n
of his stay at Abbotsford. It is a fine
tribute to the host who entertained him
so royally. The farewell at the gate
vt "I will not say good-bye, but come
gain." Irving tells us that he was so
impressed while there with the fact
that Sir Walter, notwithstanding the
miracles of work he did,' contrived to
appear ever at the comn?and of his
guests, continually . devising plans for
their enjoyment. -
t i
: The first . newspaper advertisement
appeared in 1652,
. Omnibuses were first introduced in
New lork in 1830.
A Loug-Halred Bomrer.
About the vear 1851 the moat influen
tial man in Son Antonio was an alleged
devpt rado named Bob Augustine. Bob
came to Saa Antonio with a fearful
record. He enjoyed the reputation of
having killed a dozen or so of men, aud
was respected accordingly. While h
was in San Antonio he did not rednce
the cen.-ns at all, bnt that was not his
fault. He hod a seductive way of
drawing his t ighteen-inch Arkansas
toothpick and examining it critically
with a sinister smile while humbly re
questing the loan of $5. Thus it was
that Bob went about acquiring wealth
aud warm mends, but created no in
nerals. There weie rumors that Bob
was playing bluff, but that was after
he had marched awav.
It was dniiug the reign of Bob Au
gustine, "the long range roarer of the
Calaveras canyon," as he familiarly
railed himself, that a vonng man from
Boston, named John Winthrop, came
to ban Antonio, presumably in search
of health, as he brought very little with
him. He was far gone in consumption,
and nothing but the fact that he had
bnt a short time to live, unless the
climate of Western Texas saved him, in
duced him to come to Sau Antonio. As
everybody carried a pistol, Winthrop
did not care to liismt public decency by
going unarmed. Besides, such a course
might as seriously interfere with his
restoration to health as putting on a
clean shirt.
H's Puritan training caused him to
revolt at the idea of carrying firearms.
o he resorted to artifice. He wore a
holster, but instead of keeping a pistol
in it he had his cash funds stored away
in it and nobojy was tlie wiser for it.
On the contrary, Winthrop was looked
up to by the best citizens just the same
as if ha was loaded dowu with deadly
weapons. Of course cverylnxly tried to
make the stranger from Massachusetts
feel as comfortable as if he wasnt home;
so he was told all about Bob Augustine,
the long-range roarer, at least ten times
a day, and he was advised not to be par
ticular in asking security for the debt
in case the roarer wanted to borrow a
small loan, unless he, Winthrop,did not
wish to regain his health.
As might have been expected, the
long-ranged Roarer called on Winthrop
to collect his usual assessments oi
strangers. Wiuthrop wan of the opin
ion that if he would save his life and lose
all his money he would be doing un
usually well. The long-ranged Roarer's
idea was to chase the blue-bellied Yan
kee around the room for a time or so,
collect $5 or 10, and perhaps make some
ear-marks, a la Whittakcr, so he would
know him in a crowd, if he should meet
him again.
The long-range Roarer sauntered into
Wiutbrop'a room at the hote-l, but be
fore the desperadocould oien his mouth
or draw a weapon the nuiortnuate Yan
kee threw back his aoat and with
trembling fingers tngged at his pistol
holster to get at his money to appease
the won d-be assassin. On the other
baud, as soon as the Roarer saw Win
throp trying to get out his pistol he
turned as pale as a ghost Tbe alleged
desperado's knees knocked together, the
cold sweat boiled all over him, and he
extended his hand and said tremblingly:
"Don't draw, good Mr. Yankee ! I
was only trying to fool yon. My bcld
Arka-isaw h art beats for you, my boy.
I jest wanted to tench yon a lesson.
Never let any darned galoot get the
drop on you, if anybody insults jou,
jest tell them that Bob Augustine, the
Roarer, is your friend."
Winthrop, who was more scared, if
possible, than the Roarer, replied :
"O ! I'll give you what you want," and
kept on tugging the holster, which
came unbuckled.
With a yell of dismay the desperado
passed out through the window, carry
ing off tlie sash, and r in dowu Com
modore street, the principal thorough
fare, with the sash ou his neck, howl in,
'Police ! police, closely pursued by
Wiuthrop, who kept on tugging at the
hostler, trying to got out his money,
he believing that the desparado was
running to bis room to procure a shot
gun with which to commit murder.
AU that afternoon Wiuthrop kapt on
hunting the Roarer to purchase peace
ou any terms, and the Raorer hid him
self to avoid tne pistol of the Boston
man. Next morning the long-range
Roarer of the Calaveras canon was
missing and Winthrop was the lion of
tbe day for having run off the terror of
the AJamo City.
Straightening- t'p Trees.
In August and September trees begin to
harden their wood, and as the twig is then
bent the tree will be inclined. A tree will
usually arrange its loliage symmetrically,
the shoots that are laggard this year re
ceiving the most impetus the next year,
and so filling no vacancies and irregulari
ties. But a stem once hardened id refor-
mity cannot recover without aid. Only a
stake stiller than itself, so applied as to
press against the convexity of the bead,
while the "leaning off" portion is drawn
toward the stake and tied close up to it,
will remedy the disfigurement It is sur
prising bow few of th&e who attempt to
:traighten a tree stem by a stake apply tbe
stake so as to effect their object btt it
on the side from which the stem leans,
and close to tbe Etem. Set it now, just
before tbe wood hardens. Tie it at the
bottom, top and middle, so that the tree
stem will be straight as the stake, and so
that the wind may not displace it Add a
brace, if necessary, to bold the stem erect
alter the stake has made it straight (by
October tbe sta&e may be dispensed with)
and it you Have got a perpendicular eye id
your level head it will be a continual plea
sure to look ever thereafter at that erect
support of the head of foliage.
Censnl at DetruU.
When the train goto west over the De
troit, Lansing and Northern it R. bad
pulled out of Howell tbe other day tbe
conductor discovered that a man who
should have stopped off there was still on
board.
"Didn't you bear the brakeman call out
your stalionf" be asked.
"He, I beard him call flowelL but how
did I know it was the Howell 1 wanted to
get off att I've never travelled over thl-t
road before!
"Well, we don't have but one Howell
on this line
"Then why didn't you come to me like
a man and say sot 1'ji from Nova Scotia,
and bow was I to know but that jour
country was full of UowslW
"Passengers should know where they
want to get off," muttered the conductor.
"So they should, sir, and if you bad
kindly come to me and notified me IDs
this was the only Howell and that this was
toe Howell where my aunt lives I should
not now be here, tir. I shall now decline
to get off Ihis train until I have the advice
of her Malesty'i Consul at Detroit'' -
NEWS IN BRIEF.
Tlie first eopix-r cent was coined in
New Hat en in 1687.
India has about 20,000 acres under
wheat '
The first use of a locomotive in this
country was in 1729.
Prince B ism ire k has of late taken
to wearing spectacles.
The first telescope was probably
used in Encland in 1608.
Queen Yiotwia ha finished the for
ty-fourth year of her svign.
The firs, saw-maker's anvil was
brought to America in 1819.
The first priuting press in the United
States was introduced in 16:20.
The grst almanac was printed by
George Von Furbach, iu 1 160.
Tbe first chimneys were introduced
into Rome from Padua, in 1358.
There ire 10,229 dogs in Brooklyn.
The license is two dol'urs each.
Ordinary stable manure contains
upwards of 70 per cent, or water.
It is said that Coleridge wrote his
poem "Knbln Khan" in a dream.
Nevada reports 32.087 horses with
in its border, and 158,137 cattle.
Iu 1872. 10,000 tons of coal wa
mined ia Alabama ;in 1881 40i),OOO.tons-
James I. wns called bv Henri IV. of
France "The wisest fool ia Christen
dom." . The first team engine ou this con
tinent was brought from England in
17o3.
The first act for the transmission of
the English mails by railwav was passed
in 1838. " V
Isaac D'Lsraeli cl tints to luva mt.v-
dueed the term "Fatherland"' asan E;i"-
usu wont
There were SlO.lNJO.tJOO wtrth of.
barbed wire feuce built in ibis country
Inst year. "
More than twenty-three thousand
British soldiers were punished List voar
for drunkenness.
In certaiu Arkansas towns liquor
dealers are required to pay S1000 a year
for their licenses.
Notwithstanding England is a great
dairy c.untry, $26,225,575 worth of
cheese was imported lat year.
The total acreaxe of wheat in thi
country is 2I.346.UOU acres, an increase
of 500,000 acres over last year.
Taking the United States as a whole,
the ratio of il.it racy among persons'
over teu years of age is one in six.
. Virginia has expended on her pub
lic schools during the past year,Sl,100,
238.90. She has 5,382 of these schools.
Huntington's Portrait of Mrs. Haves
has at last been hnne; on the wall of th
green parlor of the Executive Mansion.
At Lexington. Kv.. a man who
using the telephone received an eWtHr.
shock that prostrated him for several
nourg.
Orchard grass is very earlv in
growth and furu'shes rood ha v. It
starts out fresh immediately after each
mowing.
Gustave Dore has iust lionolit
site iu Paris, for something more than
3115,000, on which he will build him a
mansion.
Thirty-three electric light compa
nies have been started in England, and
they have a nominal aggregate capita' of
$33,000,000.
Oue-half of the $32,000 desired for
the new buililins of the Young Men's
Christian Association of Washington has
been subscribed.
. A few days after Victoria's corona
tion, Mr. Moutefi re was elected Sheriff
of London, the first Jew who had ever
been chosen for that office.
During the year 1881, according to
the Registrar Genends report, 139 iier
sons for every 100,000 of the population
of Scotland died of oUlage, aud only 111
for every 100,000 of the p pnlation of
England.
Mme. Christine Nilson has lieen
visiting the Duke aud Duchess of Alba
ny at Clnremout, England. She will
sail for New York in October.
The public schools of Wilmington
Delaware, contain about 5,000 pupils
and only about fifteen are graduated
yearly from the Hih School.
Mr. D. D. Lloyd, a New York jour
nalist, has written a iiohtieal play, entit
led "For Congress," which has been ac
cepted by Mr. John T. Raymond.
A man at n Antonio, Texa,tlirew
dynamite in the river to kill fish but.
miscalculating the distance, had both
his hands blown off by the explosion.
Col. Noah Orr, the Ohio giant, who
was buried at Maiysville on Moudav.
required a coffin H feet long, 2 feet
wide and 2 feet hitfh. His brother.
George Orr. who survives him. is 6 feet.
iuj incnes in Height.
The rapid trrowlh of Winnn ia
shown by the fact that the assessed
valuation of rortigo la Prairie amounts
this year to $7,500,000, while last year
it was only $100,000,
Faliiuierie, the French sculptor, is
erecting upon the summit of the Arch of
rnnmpli. Fans, a gronp of figures of
heroic size, synibolie of the tnumph of
progress and liberalism in France.
There has been a marked increase
in the numlier of failures this year in the
United States. For the first six months
3,597 are reported, as compared with
a.Bba lor tbe hrst six months of 1881.
The success of the Paris Salon for
the present year has been decided. The
total receipts amounted to about $80,
000, and over half of thus sum was clear
profit The exhibition was managed, as
it was managed lat year, by the artists
themselves. The society formed by the
artists has now a capital of $70,000.
In the Hall of the Five Hundred, at
Florence, Italy, a fortnight ago, was
unveiled before a large assemblage a
statue of Savonarola. Among the
speeches that were made at the ceremo
nies were one by a Senator aud another
by Proftssor Yilhtri, the well-known
biog apher of the great Florentine re
former, A recent report on the estate of the
late James Lick, of Sa'i Francisco,
shows it to be worth now $1,948,350,86.
Out of this are to be paid $700,000 (less
$102,978,73, already paid; for an obser
vatory and telescope; to the California
School of Mechanical Aits, S5i0. 000; for
free public baths. $150,000; for bronze
statuary in San Francisco and to the
Old Ladies' Home, $100,000 each; for a
monument to Francis Scott Key, $60,
000, and other bequests to benevolent
societies, eta, amounting in all to $1,-727,271,27.
xnagine my asioiutui--. .