1111 iLiE!
B. F. SCHWP.TV.T?
THE OOIaTlTUTlOI-THE UITOJ-AID THE TSJOTLUEMEKT OF THE LAWS.
Editor and Proprietor.
fi
VOL. XXXVI.
IX EVERY SOUND.
In ever? oudJ I tbiuk I hear iter feet
And Mill I wend my altered way aiona.
And atill I say, "To-morrow we shall meet."
I watch the shadow) In the crowded street -
Each passing face I follow one oj one
In ererj aonnd I think 1 hear her feet.
And months go t.j bleat March and May daj
neat
Harvest Is over winter well nipa dunt
And still I say 44 ro-tnorrow we shall meet."
Among the city square, when flowera are tweet,
A Hi every breath a sigh of her'a seem Mown
In every sound I think I hear her feet.
Belfry and clock the nneading hours repeat,
From twelve to twelve and still ahe comes In
none
And still I say, "To-morrow we ahall meet."
Oh, Ung-4lelayed to-morrow! hearts that beat
Meafture the leogth of every minnte gone
In every sound I think I hear her feet.
Ever the suns rise, tardily or fleet,
And light the letters on a churchyard stone
And si 01 1 say, "To-morrow we shall meet."
And still from out her unknown, far retreat
She haunts me with her tender undertone
In every sound I think I hear her feet
And still I say, "To-morrow we shall meet."
AI LS WELL THAT ENDS WELL
A cross Jog Rover certainly was not,
though he could be provoked and get
angry on fitting occasions.
Little Harry and Julia were extremely
fond of liim, and showed their fondness
by taking all sorts of liberties with him,
which.had he lteen of anirritable nature,
would ce rtainly have resulted in a growl
on his part, but he displayed the utmost
patience in their hands, and I tliiuk
even coniplaivncy and pleasure,
lie was a handsome f-il!ow. with hair
that cutled all over him in delightful
little curls, long ears, and a beautiful
ruub nose.
Rover was sometimes tied up and
sometimes allowed to ruu about loose.
He had a snug kennel, and a trough,
in which he was given his dinner every
day.
His trough htooj in the yard near his
kvnnel, and any birds that saw him
ating his dinner used to f-3el a lively
This was a natural feeling on their
part, but it was one H.ver could not be
expected to share.
The eocks and the hens, and even the
younger and therefore less reasonable
chicktns he soon reduced to order, and
kept in good discipline, teaching them
very plainly the difference between
inetim and to urn, or mine and thine.
Bat there were a number of sparrows,
who never seemed to see this question
of dinner in the sime light that he did.
They generally lived a little distance
away, and often would come near, and
look down on the trough when it was
filled with the excellent food, and on the
dog who was eating it; and they never
could understand why they had not as
good a right to eat it as he had.
Then they would fly out and about,
and sometimes in a body, sometimes
only one or two of them, would make a
rush at the irongh, and try to get their
share of its contents; but Rover knew a
trick worth two of that, and he would
give such a growl when they did so, and
the growl was f ollowed up by such a
sharp sudden snap in the air among
them, that he never failed to scatter
them all in a minnta, and then to be
able to thoroughly enjoy his dinner.
Once he actually caught in his mouth
one of the toes of a sparrow that had
been mote daring or less active than the
others, and though he only gave the toe
a small squeeze and let it off with that,
vet even a small squeeze from Rover's
teeth was not an aggreeable experience
for a pparrjw's toe. and while
one sparrow was alittle hurt
all of them were very much
frightened: and for some time after
that occurence Rover ate his dinner in
peace.
Rut the d.ty came when instead of
being allowed to run about as usual,
poor Rover was tied up in his kennel;
and I will tell you why this was.
It was not iu consequence of any fauli
of his, or as a punishment; but lecanse
Master Harry was ilLaud nothing would
keep Rover "fr om going to the door of
his bedroom and giving a little friendly
bark, which meant, as plainly aa bark
could mean, "Do let me in;" and then
Master Harry would insist on Rover be
ing let in, and if he w.re admitted he
excited himself trying to p""ay with
him- and if he were not, it made him so
sorry that he could not help crying (he
was ill, and that makes people less able
to be sensible, aad to restrain their
tears than when they are well and
strong, you know), so Harry's papa sail
it was better Rover shoull be tied up
out of the way till Hansy was well again.
The first day tras nappened, Jem
(that was James the the yardman's little
toy), was giving Rover his dinner as
usual to rut in his trough, and as usual
he did it-but he did not know that
Rover was chaiued up in his kennel,
which was not as usual and so he
never thought of getting the trough
moved within his reach, but put the
dinner down into the trough, which was
just out of poor River's reach, and
thea ran away.
Rover tnedharl to eat his dinner at
first, but when he found he could not
he went fast asleep, which was all
things consider:!, alwut as sensible a
tiling as he could do.
He slept, and he ws awakened from
his sleep and the way iu which he was
awakened was by a noise of flapping
wings and chattering b aks.
He opened his eyes, and he could
hardly believe bis senses when he did
so. for what did he see but his old ene
mies, the sparrows-if any.eatares
could be called his enemies, whom till
now he had been able to get rid of in a
. i., . oriwl and a snap, and
uiuuicu . tl.i.l
whom he hadiu consequ ,
always regarded as beneath his notice-.
in triumphant possession f his dinner
his dinner.
Three of them were eating steadily
and happily even as be looked.
One appeared to be keeping watch
over the dinner, and three more, who
probably had satisfied their hunger,
while he was yet asleep, were perched
on the aide of the trough "with their
beaks to its contents, laughing at, jeer
ing and taunting him.
One sparrow, growing reckless with
his impudence, foolishly hopped off the
trough to Hap Ins wings, and laugh and
jeer, a trifle nearer to the defeated priso
ner, mating a little rush forward as he
did so, and the next instant he found
himself in Rover's mouth, and the next
sail in His month, whd3 the dog had
returned to his kennel.
xortne moment Kover saw that the
silly creature had placed himself withm
his reach he made one bound at him,
caught him. and with another bouud
was back again at home, bearicg his
captive witli him.
And the sparrow knew that the dog
waa uncommonly hungry, for had not
he and his relatives eaten up his din
nor?
Off fled the rest of the birds in abject
terror, leaving the unfortunate captive
in the grip of the enemy.
Rover gave the sparrow a good shake
with his teeth, which produced vertigo
on the brain, and very nearly put an
end to him at once; and T suppose the
next thing thit happened would have
been that the hungry dog would have
very contentedly made his dinner off the
bird, only just then James the yardman
appeared on the scene, and discovered
that stupid little Jem had put the trough
out of the dog's reach.
He had come to pay a special visit to
the children's favorite, and had brought
him the lones of a chicken, which Miss
Julia had had for dinner; and she had
left some dainty morsels on purpose for
Rover, to whom she had sent it by
James, with her love.
"Here Rover, Rover.poor fellow.good
dog," cried James, approachiug him
with both trough and chicken, and by
no means perceiving that Rover had a
sparrow in his month.
Rover, sly fellow, put the sparrow,
more dead than alive, at the back of
the kennel, from which he advanced
toward James, looking as mild and in
nocent as possible, and wagging bis
tail.
So he was petted, and petted, and
fed. and he Rot his dinner, for Janus
brought him nior' than was left in the
trough, and gave him water besides,
and made as much of him as a man
could make of a dog, for Kover was a
general favorite, both for his own sake
and for that of his little master and
mistress.
And theu James went away, and
Rover returned to his kennel and his
prisoner.
The sparrow lay in a little ruffled
heap just where Rover had flung him,
among the straw at the back of the
kennel, when he ran out, hearing James'
welcome voice. And there Rover, as
he was not at all hungry, having just
had a remarkably good dinner, left him,
curling himself up iu front of him, and
going quietly off into a fine sleep.
When he awoke he had forgotten
what had happened.
I mean that in the first moment of
walking he did not recollect it, and he
was quite startled at the miserable lit
tle object he beheld, as he happened to
look round, standing behind him in the.
kenneL
Master sparrow had recovered from
his vertigo and his terror sufficiently to
stand up, but his feathers were in a pit
iable coadition, quite torn about, one
wing was hurt" and hung at his side ia a
crooked manner, while he was so much
frightened, and so ashamed of himself,
that he hung his head iu a crooked
manner also, and hardly dared look out
of his half shut eyes at his captor.
When Rover saw him, and remem
bered who be was, and all about htm,
he could not help laughing.
This was a bit of fortuue for the spar
row. Dogs do not langh as often aa
. T C ,.t l.nnliiiir
you do, anu i e,-
always put Kiver into me oet 01 gww
humors.
I say," cried he to the sparrow,
"it's bout supper-time, is it not ?"
At which terrible words the sparrcw
fell down as if fainting.
But Rover had not meant mischief.
He would have scorned to do such a
shabby thing as to eat up this wretched,
abject littlo creature, more particularly
as he was not hungry. He was only
laughing at the sparrow.
When bis supper was brought to him
heateitcheerfilly, and then he and
the sparrow spent the nkht together in
the kennel.
Towards morning, when twilight be
gan, and Master Sparrow jheard the
birds singing he tried to make his es
cape; but he could not fly because of
his wing being hurt, and he could not
leave the kennel without waking his
coaler's prostrate form.
Very softly and timidly, he hopped
on to him, and in doing ao awoke him;
and as Rover awoke, seeing what was
happening, he made a great snap at the
birdTwno feU back headlong very much
frightened, at which Rover had a good
chuckle to himself.
..r vnnr distance, young un, he
said;and afterwards tbe'youngWkept
' . yy.rr, himself up into a
his distance '"'""o ; , .
bill as much as ever he con Rand trying
to pretend that he was not there at all.
When James brought Rover his
breakfast, and the dog bad made a good
m2 there was still some of the food
Mtin the trough, and while he enjoyed
Ws after-breakfast nap. the If nnn3
sparrow ventured forth Terr slowly and
stealthily.and then ia an abjoct.humb
MIFFLINTOWN,
stai tied way began to pick a htt'.e out
of the troush for himself.
T
ui oeen awoe by his move
men ts, t hengh he pretended to be asleep
and warched him out of one corner of
his eye. As long as he was eating he
am not disturb luni, for he thought to
himself. "Even a sparrow must eat;'
out me minute he had what the dog
considered enough. Rover with a suddeu
unexpected growl and snap, which again
very greatly fri;rhtncd him, drove him
back to the keuneL
And this state of affiirs continued f.
three days!
On the evening of the third day, Mas
ter Harry sat op to Lis tea in the nurse
ry in his little-dressing-gown, rather
pale after his lhuess; bnt In excellent
spirits.
vt course Kover was sent for, and
there was no need to tell him what to
do, or where to go; it seemed almost as
if with one bound he was at the door of
the nursery.and with auother in Harry's
arms.
And as soon as be was gone the spar
row flew a wo v.
But the most curious part of the story
is that from that day forth the dog aud
the bird bccime the best of good friends,
The sparrow paid Rover frequent vis
its, and alwajs received a kindly wcl
come.
Nay. Qover would allow him to perch
ou his trough, and eat out of it with
him. though it auy of the other spar
rows attempted to take the same Iild-rty
he drove them off, as ever, with a growl
and a snap.
i ri i r i
V7iu-u auu oitou, wncu liovcr was
curled np fast a-sleep.tho sparrow would
be seen sitting oti him as comfortably
as pos-Jble, aud t here was an under
standing between them that lo!h were
quite content with their positions.
lou can fancy how much; amused
Harry and Julia were, when they found
out the friendship between Rover and
the sparrow, thoujh they neither of
them knew iu what enmity and trouble
that f iendship had first begun.
Tne I-over's Plot.
Sir George Mackenzie, who flourished
in the last half of the seventeenth cen
tury, was one of the most eminent jurists
ever known iu Scotland, betiides leing
a brilliant man of letters. He-iuherited
wealth, and during his busy life he added
so much to it that he became one of
the wealthiest men of his time. As a
politician he was self-willed and stub
born, and at times violent. Between
himself and t) c yt iing Earl of Bute a
strong politiu.d difference existed, which
neither showed a disposition to har
monize. Yet the Earl had fallen deeply
in love with Sir George's daughter, and
the love was bv her returned. The lovers
knew that the stern old advocate would
not consent to their union. In fact,
it is doubtful if Sir George would have
admitted Bute to the house as a friend.
His feelings were deep aud Vitter, and
he had been heard to denounce the E irl
as little better than a renegade.
The lovers put their heads together
and consulted. They were eager to be
made niau and wife. Of course the
young lady could eloj e and be married
clandestinely, and the father could not
help himself; but ah! he could disinherit
his recreant daughter; aud that must
not be. The young Earl was not
mercenary. The damsel's prospective
wealth, as heiress of her nch lather,
had given her not a particle of extra
attraction for him, yet he did not like
the idea f.t having his wife deprived of
her just inheritance; and, naturally, he
did not care to lose sueh a broad aud
grand estate for this daueliter was an
only child.
At length tlie r-arl lit niou a p.au,
aud resolved to act nion it He visited
Sir George ia his chambers, while the
latter held the ofliee of King s Advocate,
and appealed to him for assistance.
Now. as man to man. in matters ex
business, or in any way not involving
brotherly love, Sir George held the
young Earl iu high esteem; and there
was no man ol his acquaintance wnom
he would have more readily assisted
legally, i'urthermore, the ad vocate had
not the remotest idea that Bute either
loved his daughter, or that he was famU-
iar with her.
"Sir George." said the Earl, when he
was ready to open his business, "thore
is a young ja,iy in tins cut u a
dearly and devotedly love; and she has
confessed her love for me. Her father
is wealthy. Now sir, 1 cure not for the
lady's money; yet it would not be
pleasaut to have her father disinherit
her. Erom this you can judge that the
father is opposed to our union. At all
events we fear that such is the case.
Xow, my dear Sir George, 1 know that
you would not hesitate to avouch for
my worthiness,"
- . . 1,1 . .
1 tie old man nondeu aaaoui
pleasantly.
"Ann. sir. I think vou would be will
ing to exert your influence in my behalf,
if i should marry the lady cianuesuueij.
Your influence would be effectual, I am
sure. .. . .
And so the Earl went on until he had
brought Sir George not only to promise
his assistance toward preventing a
disinheritance, but so far h d the keen
old lawyer entered into the sp'rit of the
thing, that he advised the Earl, by all
means, to go anead.
"Why. he exelaimed lorcioiy,
. , 1 , C 1 .1. WAnll
man must be ounu, or a im.i, "
reject such an alliance for his daughter
cne of the oldest names iu uie reaim;
fair share of wealth, and a coronet.
Go ahead, my lord, and I will sustain
you 11 1 can.
And tne r-ari fui ueu.
onimr lifl arranged with the lady, and
on the following day they were privately
married. ....
In the evening Sir George nnsseu ma
daughter. He had just mquirea ior
her when a door was opeueu, "
and' the Earl of Bute entered, hand iu
hand, and advanced st.-aight to his
cha;r, and went down ou their kuees.
a ot a word of explaiation was needed.
The old advocate caught bis breath,
changed from a death-like paleness to a
furious flush half a dozen times, aud
finally gave in.
"Sir George, henceforth I shall taise
great pleasure in sustaining my wit s
father," said the EarL
A hot response was upon the parent
hps. but he swallowed it, and gradually
a sense of the absurdity of the s.tuauon
possessed him, and anon he burst into
4 , children
hearty laugu, uu o
were forgiven.
JUNIATA COUNTY.
A General Pcluaa.
It is well known to geologists that
uuiuiais wuose habitat was in or near
the tropical reinoi:s, and dmtant from
which they could not survive, have been
found imbedded in ice in the Arctic re
gions north of Afii. They were
well preserved tlirongh the countless
ages since thuir hj perborean imptisou
uient that their UtsU was consumed by
carnivorous animals now lnhabitin:
.i i
uiose regions wnen a warmer bul
melted their encasement, This fact of
itself demonstrates that the polar le
gions were once approximating the
equatorial; for these annuals coald never
have wandered so far from the places of
meir nativity, it also proves that the
change from a high to a low tempera
ture was sudden, not leaving time Tor
animal decay to commence after the de
struction of life, and the formation of
ice by which they were preserved.
Beds of the most excellent mineral coal
are fcupd in Greenland, from which it is
quarried and loaded directly on ship
board oi txj lonng stoaniers visiting
moss high latitudes. It is found out
cropping from cliffs at the very margin
oi rue sea.
Twenty-eight differeut beds of coal
superseded one above another, with
varymg thickness of intervening rock
aud slate, have been opened and worked
in Urtat Knta.n. The lowest of these
are more than 5000 feet IkIow the pres
ent surface of the sea. This tells us.
with unerring certainty, that there Lave
been twenty-eight epochs, each of in-
nmte duration, when those islands were
alternately above and below the sea
level; periods when the earth was cov
ered wit dense verdure; when the surg-
icg twean rolled ovor it and covered that
verdure with sand and gravel, the ma
terial oi which ovenyuig roe-k was
formed; when it a;ain emerged; was
again adapted to the growth of vegeta
tion, and again, after the lapse of count
less ages, went down, and so has con
tinued untd the present order of things
was introduced.
What i true of the British Islands in
this regard is probably true of every
other island and continent ou the glulie.
And this oscillating condition of the
earth's crust will ever go ou with seas
and continents, while the same laws
which have governed matter in the pa:t
hail continue. To-dav a continent
co ered with animal and vegetable life;
to-morrow the ocean rolls its turbid
waves over the melancholy wreck, leav
ing no trace of the toil, anxiety aud un
bounded hopes of him who had delved
to make it a satisfactory hoije for his
ambition.
The present revealings on the sur
face of Greenland, where a few hun
dred years ago were green fields, wav
ing forests, flowing rivers, populous and
thrifty villages and a contented people,
show only mountains of ice, all nature
congea'ed, a country of desolation and
snow. This change has been gradual,
and the temperature is still declining.
Iceland, too, is slowly undergoing a
stmilir change. At the same rate of de
cadence in another hundred years it
will cease to be inhabitable. Already
such portions of the population as have
means are removing to the northern lat
itudes of America. The island, like
Greenland, will toon be a cold and
dreary desolation, so to remain until
other changes transpire when it may
again, iu a lower latitude, become the
home of man; bnt ages of frost and ice
must first murk its site; other lands in
turn, now nearly tropical, must become
frigid; and then it is quest ouable if any
traces of man, eyen as insignificant as
the stone ax or arrow head, shall remain
to excite wonder or curiosity among
those who shall delve in its sod.
Whi'e we can account for the gradual
changing of the polsrity of the earth
and the shifting of climates the ghicial
period always existing in some parts of
the earth we cannot, by the same mode
of reasoning, explain why whole conti
nents are suddenly submerged, or why
the teds of oceans, as suddenly, become
continents.
Moantains of ice are continually
forming within the arctics; the heat of
summer cannot reach them; but century
after century aad age after age the accu
mulation goes on, adding to the polar
density. Some disturbing element, as
an earthquake shock convulsing the
globe, a volcanic eruption and up
heaval, or tne addition oi some irag
mentary planet or wandering body lost
id space, which nas ueen atiracieu irom
its orbit by its nearness to our earth,
falls upon it, the equipose is lost, and
the waters of the ocean, seeking then
plane, roll over the rocky bounds, en
gulf continents and sweep away every
vestige of aspiring man, save the few
favorable locations which accident ally
escape the general deluge and the sub
mergence of continents.
The God Old Ttmea."
Mutilation was a common form of
ancient punishment. There is scarce. a
single part of the body that has not been
subject to a separate and special torture;
the eyes, mouth, tongue, ears, teeth, anna.
band.', feet and heart have been so many
sources oi sunenng oy nre ana iron.
Blindness, resorted to under the nrst two
races of French Kings, was inflicted by
fripces upon hich personages whose at
tacks they feared, but whose lives they
dare not take. Blindness was applied to
Bernard, King of Italy, grandson of
Chaxlemsgne, and the Parliament of Sen
lis in 673 ordered that the rebellious son of
Charles the Bald should be deprived of bis
sight.
A red hot iron passed before the eyes
until, to use Joinville's expression, they
were cooked; a steel point, whfcn was
plunged in the center of the organ; the
plucking out trem the socket such were
the instruments and means resjrted t by
justice and revenge, which in barbarous
ages were often contour ded.
The tongue has in all timet been prac
ticed upon by the lay. bouis IX. ordered
th. blasphemers should be marked ou the
brow, that their lips should be burned,
aod their tongue pierced with red hot iron.
Far this purpose he invented a round -shaped
iron, which the executioner ap
plied to the lips of the culprit, after he.it
in? it-
Louis XIL, the "father of the people,"
enacted that whoever uttered eight blas
phemies should have his tongue torn out,
and JVhiib XlV. re-established the law
Among the Huguenots burned alive on
January 1, 1535, in the presence of the
Kine. was a man named Antotne I ode,
whose tongue waa pierced and attached to
his cheek with an iron pin. me mmcuon
usually took place before a church.
The amputation of the ear was a common
punishment in the middle ages. It was
practiced on the serf who displeased his
maser. Sanval gives the following ac
niunt of It: "The amputation of one ear
waa inflicted ou dishonest terrants, and
PENNA.. WEDNESDAY. JULY 26. 1SS2.
cut purses; a second offense cost them the
other ear; death was the penalty of the
third effene When the first larceny was
considerable it was the left ear which was
cropped.
- Teeth aiso were within reach of the
executiorer. It was the wont to pull the
teeth of Jews to make them give up their
money, and Louis XL after the death of
Jaques d'Armasnac, whom he caused to
be skinned alive, ordered that his children
should b taken to the Bastile and have
their teeth extracted. Amputation of the
f ret was common, as well as the hands.
They were simply chopped off with sword
or axe. and the stump plunged in boiling
oil or cauterized with an iron. These pun
ishments were frequently inflicted on
women.
Pouring boiling od on the feet was a
common form of torture. Death was
caused by pouring boiling oil into the eais,
the nostiiis and the throat. Molten lead
was applied to the same purpose. One
executioner received a liberal reward for
inventing a crescent shaped knife, by
means of which a criminal's heart might
be ripped out so rapidly that be had not
time to d-e under the operation.
Cases were common in which fie victim
had his lips lopped ott one by one, and
being ripped open and disemboweled be
fore the death stroke was given.
it would take a volume to enumerate
the tortures the devilish ingenuity of man
was father to in those ghastly times. The
Parliament oi Pans applied only two kinds
water and the boot. In Brittany the!
sullerer was tied to an iron chair and bis
legs broght by degrees in contact with the
nre. At Besancon the horse, which con
sisted of mounting the victim on a log
garnished with spikes, was in use. tstra
pade prevailed at Orleans. At Kouen. the
thun.b, lingers and legs were crashed.
Ibc boot was an instrument consisting
of four pi&nks pierced with holes, through
which ropes were passed to hold them to
gether. Between the two innermost
planks the victim's leg was fitted. The
executioner then drove wedges between
the outer ones. Ordinary torture included
four wedges, but cn extra occasions eight
were used. At any rate the leg was re
duced to a pulp of riven flesh aud rruscle
and splintered bone.
1 ert are Dy water consisted in seating
tne cuipni on a stone stool, niter bis sen
tence had been read to him. ills wrists
were attached behind his back to two iron
nngs distant from each other.' All the
cords then eutwined round his limbs aud
bojy were '.hen pulled as much as possi
ble, and when the body of the sufferer
could not be stretched any mure a trestle
was placed under his back. The quc$
tionaire held a horn in one band, and
with the other he poured water in, and
obliged the cnmirai to swallow four pints
in question ordinaire and eight pints in
question extraordinaire. Death was
commonly the result of this torment
torture comprised several graduated
torments inflxtcd upon a prisoner, either
con. pel him to confess his crime or to
obtain the name of his accomplices.
While he was subjected to these sufferings
a Judge, standing close to the torturer or
questionaire, called upon the accused to
say the truth, and wrote down bis decla
rations, whence the name of question which
was given to this torture. Uuestion was
of two sorts, either definite or preliminary.
These two categories were subdivided Into
question ordinaire and extraordinaire
through the hrt it was sought to exact
Irom the accused the confession of his
guilt; through the accused it was endeav
ored to discover the names of the accom
plices who had helped him In the perpe
tration of his crime. Torment carried to
certain limit constituted question ordi
naire, it was doubled in . question extra
ordinaire, which, as rule, was only in
flicted upon culprits previously sentenced
to death. Vet there are people who re
gret the "grxl old times! "
OJuiniua 1'
Duru-g the last two or three years a
bark containing quinine and quinidine
has been imported into England from
Columbia in such enormous quantities
as to equal or even sometimes exceed
the whole of the importations of ciucho
na bark from all other countries. The
botanical source of this bark, which is
known in commerce under the name of
Cuprca Cinchona, on account of iu pe
culiar coppery tiut, has hitherto been a
mvstery. M. I nana, the well known
quinologist, has recently succeeded in
tracing it out and bai stated that it is de
rived in a great measure from two spe
cies of the nearly allied genus liemijia,
none of the members of which were pre
viously known to contain quinine. Seve
ral species of YiY)i yia havs leaves re
sembling those of the true cinchonas,
and of these M. Triana- has determined
that R. ;Mrtfcaia.Wedd.,and R. edun
citlata, Karston, certainly yield cuprea
bark, the tormer being the species
which contains the alkaloid cinchona
mine, recently discovered by 1L Arnaud,
It appears probable that other species
also yield the cuprea cinchona of com
merce, but definite information on this
point is stdl wanting. 1 he value of the
bark has led, according to M. Triana,
to great devastation of the forests in
which the trees gro-v, and has produced
financial stagnation, business being
neglected in order to follow the more
profitable occupation of collecting the
bark. Fortunately seeds of the tree
have been received and are now in culti
vation at Malvern House, Sydenham.
The tree is likely to prove valuable for
cultivation in countries where malarial
fever abounds, since it grows at an
elevation of 200 1000 metres above the
sea, at which even rxl cinchona bark
will not flourish.
fnhe&Uhj Milk.
Dr. Brush, of Xew York, calls attention
to the fact that the sale of diseased and
po soned milk is a matter of more serious
moment than that of watered or skimmed
milk. He suggests as anon' line of an im
proved system of mils laws: First, that
all city milk dealers should be com
pelled to procure a license from the Board
of Health; secondly that all milk dealers
report to the Bjard the quantity of milk
they sell and where it is obtained; third ly,
that in the death certificates of all children
under two years of age, dying from cer
tain specified forms of disease, the name
of the milkman who had supplied them be
inserted. By some such plan the Boar I
would be enabled to detect poisonous milk
If a certain form of infsntile trouble as
found to exist among Ibc customers of a
certain milkman, an inspector could be
sent to the source froua which the milk
came to ascertain it there-had been an
epidemic In tae dairy, or if any ot the
cattle were suffering from disease, and if
the milk from a cow too soon after calving
had been sent to the city. A tew years of
observation like this, carried on conscien
tiously, he thinks, woul4 enable the Board
to propose inteJigent laws regulating the
ale ot milk. Of one fact be is thoroughly
convinced that the tale of poisonous milk
in New York city produces more trouble
than if the whole supply was pure, healthy
skimmed milk.
Ctlllzmtr V FnHuct.
There is no better example ef the
utilization of what was formerly- re
garded as waste material on the farm,
than that of cotton seed. Formerly
regarded as worthless, and worse than
that, because it cost something to cart
it away and dump it into the bayou or
creek, it now forms no small part of the
value of the cotton crop and has added
millions to the wealth of the cotton-
producing States. In ordinary gtown
cotton, there are two pounds of seed for
one of lint, and ce thousand pounds
of seed makes seventeen gallons of od
worth readily forty cents per gallon.
The reuniting oil cake is also considered
more valuable as food for animals or as
fertilizer than the seed was before the
oil was removed. Both the oil and the
oil cake are iu great demand in France
and Italy, and iu many places the
refined od is taking the place of the oil
of olives.
In this place it is taking the place of
lard, and only a few days ago, an agent
of a Boston firm was in this city taking
orders of some of our grocers. It can
be furnished cheaer, is a vegetable
product aud pure, and for the general
pruposes for which lard is used, the
punned cotton seed oil is said to be
much better besides being c'jcapcr. By
a new process, the oil is also solidified
and largely used aa a substitute for
butter, being a mobt acceptable sutsti
t ite, Belling at whelesalo for SI a gal
lon, and retailing much higher. The
butter made from the seed taken from
a bale of cotton is siid to be worth SIC,
an almost net addition to the value of
the cotton crop. When the seed is first
received at the oil mills, it is carefully
reginned, aud about ten per cent, of
short cotton Hut is saved, which is
used for making the finest quality of
batting. It then passes to another
machine, which takes off the hulls,
passing them to the engiu rconi to be
nsed for fuel. The kernels are then
crushed and pressed the same as flax
seed, the resulting oil being barreled,
while the hard cake is bagged up in 100
ponnd packages or ground up and sold
for cattle feeding purposes, greatly
adding both to the value of the lee f
aud the manure.
A correspondent speaking of the
value of this comparatively new Indus
try, rays that it adds fully twenty-five
per cent, to the cotton industry of the
States producing that staple. For the
census year lsJ-SO, the crop was re
ported to be 5,737,257 bales, averaging
500 pounds each, and worth $"-SC,-862,860,
to which this newly developed
product will add a stdl further value of
871.713,210, or nearly as much as the
entire cnnual product of all the gold
and silver mines of the United States
put together.
A t(c with niifffclo.
Mr. Mitthews, of Coleman, Texu-s,
who has jast crossed the Staked Plains,
from Las Vegas, N. M., says: Awfully
grand are the Llano Estacodos. Here the
majestic bisou roams, breaths pure air
and enjoys freedom; the home of thous
ands of fleet-footed antelopes and droves
of wild horses. When first the hors;-s
scan you they bow their necks majes
tically, sniff heaven's pure zephyrs,
snort, peform an evolution with the
exactness of an expert, then bound
away with the velocity of the wind.
measuring distance by time, thus bid
ding defiance to the fleetest horseman.
We discovered a herd of buffalo that
morning aud prepared for action, armed
with Mr. Cleveland's long-range lifle;
soou bring began, making lour snots
without effect. The noble beasts halt
ed, raised their shaggy manes, took iu
a snufl of pure air, theu bounded away,
their tramps sounding like distant
thunder. But, ah! the chicanery of
man overpowers even the buffalo.
Orion Allen and Owen Burnham, each
with saddles, steeds, arms, well equipped,
dashed instantaneously across the roll
ing prairie bent on capturing the noble
.1 . , i i
game, uver tne proau piains weui
humping the majestic beasts, mile after
mile was measured by Orion and Owen,
still roweling their excited steeds in
hot pursuit, at every bound lessening
the distance between themselves and
their game; as the vision grew dim it
was seen Oweu brought one beast to
the earth. Orion was still in hot pur
suit of the herd aud finally cut one out
(the great leader of his race) worthy of
his Winchester; circle after circle was
made, mile after nulo was left behind,
dis'ance diminished between pursuer
and pursued, till Orion was seen to raise
his Winchester; a flash, the leaden mis
sive took effoct; a by buffalo was mor
tally wounded.
Buw aou faopM Dance.
Though dancing Is a popular amuse
ment the world over, there are compara
tively few really graceful dancers. Some
men are pitiful sights when they get np
to dance. Awkwardness is no name for
their clumsy movements. The timid
dancer firet looks scared and then gets
red-facd and then reckless, and fans
the floor with his feet as if he had
secreted something in a knot hole and
was coveting it with surrounding dirt
Sometimes he is alout four bars aheid
of the music, and then as far behind.
He spasmodically clutch s his partner.
ho feels as if she were jammed bt tween
two freight cars. He holds his breath
till he bursts off his collar button, and
then blows off steam with a prolonged
gruut. When the dance ia over he
stands paralyzed and dizzy for a mo
ment, while the room seems to revolve
like a turn table. When ha reaches a
seat he flops down bike a gob ot nin 1,
and turns to swabbing the back of his
neck or fumbling with the bottom of
his vest, which perhaps has become so
displaced by his vio'ent exertions as to
expose a white gash of shirt across the
abdomen.
To be rich," said William L. Maic,
at one time Secretary of State, "requirn
only a satisfactory condition of mind.
One man may be rich with a hnudrr
I dollars, while another, in the possession
of millions, may tliiuk himself poor, and
' if necessities of Ufa are enjoy d by each
it is evitlont that the man who is best
satisfied with his possessions is the rich
est." To illustrate this idea Mr. Marcy
related the following anecdote: "While
I was govurtipr of the State of Xew York
I was ca'led ou one morning at my
office bv a rong h soecimen of a back
woodsman, who stalked in and commen
ced conversation by inquiring "if this
was Mr. Marcy?" I nodded assent.
'Used to live in Southport, didn't ye?'
I answered in the affirmative, and be
gan to feel a little curious to know who
my visit r was and what he waa driving
at. 'That's what I told 'em,' cried the
backwoodsman, bringing his hand down
on his thigh with tremendous force.
told 'em yon was the same Bill Marcy
who nsed to live in Southport; but they
wouldn't believe it, and I promised the
next time 1 came to Albany to come and
see you and find out for sartiu. Why,
you know we don't you, Bill?' I didn't
exactly like to ignoie his acquaintance
altogether, but for the hie of me
couldn't recollect having seen him be
fore, and so I replied that he had a
familiar countenance, but that I was
not idilo to call him by name. 'My
name is Jack Smith,' answered the back
woodsman, 'and we nsed to go toschool
together thirty years ago in the little
red school-house in old Soiithort. Well,
times have changed since then, and
yon have become a great man, and got
rich, I suppose.' I shook my head, and
was going to contradict that impression.
when he broke hi: 'Oh yes you ar-i. 1
know you are rich no nse denying it.
You was comptaoller for a long
time; aud the next time we heard of yon
you was governor, loi must have had
a heap of monoy, and I am glad of it
glad to see you gt ttmg along so smart.
You was always a smart lad at school,
and I knew that vou would come to
something.' I thanked him for his
good wishes and opinion, but b id him
that political life did not pay so well as
he imaginel. 'I suppose,' said I, 'for
tune has smiled upon you since you left
Southport?' 'Oh, yes,' said he, 'I hain't
got nothing to complain of. I m ist
say I have got along right smart. You
see, shortly after jou left Southport our
whole fanidy moved up into Vermont,
and put right into the woods, aud I
reckon our family cut down moi e trees
and cleared more laud than any other in
the whole State." 'And so you have
made a good thing of it. How mnch
do yon consider yourself worth?T asked,
fueling a little curious to know what he
considered a fort one, as he seemed to
be so well satisfied with his. 'Well, "he
replied, 'I don't know exactly how
much I am worth; but I think (straight
ening hiin3elf np) if all my debts were
paid I should be worth three hundred
dollars clear cash." He was rich, for he
was satisfied.
Araibl Itej'a Birth.
Abont filty years ago there lived in
the Delta of Egypt, near a small hamlet
called el-Wijh, a worshiping farmer of
some means, whose wife was barren.
This farmer, or laud-owner, was a man
of some influence among his clan, which
was original lv descended from the Bed
awin Arabs of the Eastern desert, but
bail became "domesticated" and had
settled down on the borders of the Delta
as tillers of the soil. His friends had
often told him that the cause of his
wife's barrenness was, of course, known
to the Omniscient only; but that is she
was an Egyptian of the low lauds and
ho was descended from the stock of
Abraham and his eldest son Ishmael,
God would be much more likely to
bless him with offspring were he to take
unto himself a wife from among the
children of the desert.
He accordingly sent eastward to cer
tain wandering tribes, and in dne course
of time had brought, to him a true
Bedawin girl. This girl, knowing that
she had leen taken to wife by her hus
band only with a view to offspring, had,
ou her way to el-Wijh, passed by the
resting place of the remains of Our
Lady Nafeessah (between Zagazig and
Ismadah ), to there pray that she might
be blessed w;oa with a male child, that
she might find favor with her lord.
During the night that this true Arabian
girl, who was ou the eve of marriage,
spent at the tomb of the soul-giving Nn
fees sah she had a dream. A man cloth
ed in the robes of the religious order of
law doctors appeared to her, saying:
Go in peace to thy intended husband,
for thou shalt find favor iu his eyes."
In the fullness of time she gave birth
to a male child, and when the midwife
bore the glad tidings to the father he
exclaimed: "Ahmad-al-1" Aha!" which
means. "I praise God." Wherefore all
the women friends, when they heard
what the father had said, declared that
the boy should be called Ahmad. Ahmad
grew up to be a stalwart youth, and
was known among Lis fellows by the
appellative "el-Urabi," because of his
descent from the Aral in coutradistie
tiou with the Eptiaua.
l.ivmc for Blark Prarla.
Diving for b.ack pearls employs a
large tnaibor of men and boats off the
coast of Lower California. Traders
supply the vessels and diving apparatus
upon the stipulation that fie pearls that
are found are to be told to them at
specified rates. These jewels are of
much beauty and highly prized. A
jeer's prcduc rn is worth on an average
irom SoO,000 to 81,000,000.
The cat is the great American prim t
donna. If bootjacks were boquet. her
nine Uvea would be strewn with roses.
NO. 30.
XEWS IS BRIEF,
The invention of keys is ascribed to
Theodore of Sam-., 730 K C.
Croesus was King of Lydia ia the
middle of thi situ century ii. C.
Iu Frane $1,810,000 worth if
mushrooms are eatou every year.
Georgia snnplis ltd own beef low,
instead of getting it fr ni tao Xoit'i.
St lY'ter-burg was
Peter the great in 1703.
founded by
The gastric jute! is mora ai'id
while iligestiou is g ing on than iu th
intervals of the process.
Northern eru contains mosViil and
starch and Southern corn most mineral
an 1 albuminous mait- r.
The Marouis of L rne and Prinwsa
Louise will visit Saa Francises iu Sep
tember.
Baltimore has more colored Sun
day-school scholars than any other city
in America.
Pr ifessor M.iri- M:t.-he'd. the Vas-
sar College astronomer, has been niadd
an LL. D. by an Indiana college.
Mr. Tennyson, now in his seveutv-
second year, is able to read vary little.
uis evesigut oeiug s.uiiy unpaired.
It is said that there are no ward of
3,0(10 strain-ploughing machines now
employed iu England and Scotland.
The ontput of cjal frt m the mines
of Alabama has increased from M IHH
tons iu 1872 to 400.000 tons in 1SS1.
Ohio, with over 3.0 (O.PO'J of peo
ple has only 3d,0Ot) pauin-rs. who cost
the state something over $Si)O,0iJtl veur-
v.
Sng.ir. aceoriiing to a prominent
physician, promotes digestion, and may
lo prcscrilied in certain cases of dys
pepsia.
The colonists of Ireland amour
whom Cromwell portioned out the con
quered territory are still called Crom-
wel bans.
The aggregate arres of a couple mar
ried at Winchester. Kv.. last week.
amounted to 147 vears. The groom is
7 and the bride 7 ).
Louis XII. was the most famout
King of France spice tiie days of Saint
Louis, aud acquired the title of "Fa
ther of his people."
The locomotives ou soiuj Russian
rai'roails are heated with crude naphtha,
which is introduced into the tender as it
comes from the wells.
Professor Josiah Parsons Cooke, of
Harvard College, has been honored bv
Cambritlgu Uuivcrsitv. England, with
the degree of l:ctor of Laws.
The oldest brick bnildim.' i:i En?.
land, except those built by thu Romans
is said to be a castle in Sussex, hnilt bv
De Fieuues, treasurer of Henry VI.
A contract Lb Wen awarded at
Montreal for tunnelling the St. Law
rence at a cost of S3,5UJ,ljtli, the work
to be completed witt.ia four years.
lames Longworth. who gave i0 -
000 toC ueinnnti, as a u eulowmont tor
in art school, projxses ti add a tmi.l of
10,()00a year tonar Is the same end.
A Sc 'tch womau residing in Salem
Mass., not quite 40 yenrs of aire has
borne sixteen children in sixteen y.-ars
m no case twins. Thirteen are stdl hv-
mg.
Florida papers are saying that some
very large turths are teing caught on
the Gulf coast, and instance one recent
ly japtnred near Tampa which Weiirhed
500 im mails.
Pure bniter at fifteen decrees ban
the same speeilic gravity as alcohol of
x.i per cent. ;JSh, aud oleomargarine
aiconoi oi oo.a per cent, or .1)13
siieciiic gravity.
Senator Bayard his written tosoinn
friends at Charlotte, X. C., urging that
'an impressive monumental column" !
raised to the memory of the Mecklen
burg patriots of 177".
The price of irou has fallen in Eiio--
huid as well as in this country sine
January 1st. The fall has beeu$l.li)
in pig iron, S2.50 in bar iron and nails.
aud $3.15 iu hoop iron.
Bela Hubbard, a weulthv resdint
f Detroit, has presented that citv with
life-size statues of Marotiette. .LaSallx
Cadillac and Father Richard, to
placed in outer niches of the City Hall.
A workman in an iron mill in Phm-
nixydle, Penna., recently, rolled a
round, three-quarter inch bar of iron
18b feet in leugtlu This is claimed to
be the longest bar of irou of that size
ever rolled.
Mrs. Priscilla Goixlwvn. a crand-
dangbter of Ex-Ire.sident Tyler, is giv
ing very successful re.uliugs hi the
Southern States. She is the raiil.
daughter on her mother's side of tli
actor, Cooper.
Ashland, the home of Henrv C'lav.
has come biick into the possession of his
family, having lieen purchased bv Mi-
jor Henry Clay McDowell, who married
the daughter of Colduel Henry Clay, of
ttuena Vis.'a fame, a granddaughter of
the statesman.
The Duke of Hamilton is evidently
not bankrupt. He has purcuascd the
eathurn estate, iu North Lanarkshire
for 530O,l0O, in order that he mny work
the minerals uuder the pronortv. of
hich he is the proprietor.
Mr. Coruwallis-West's estate of
Llanarmou iu Northern Wales was re
cently offered for sale at public auction.
out was witnurawu when only g2x'J,()tKI
had been bid. It comprise more than
930O acres, including several thousand
acres of the finest grouse moors in the
kingdom.
The Prussian Government has se
lected Aikn, S. C, as one of the sta
tions for the observation of the transit
f Venus iu December next, and the
membera of the expedition from the
Royal Observatory iu Berlin, are expec
ted to arrive there aixmt the eud of
October.
Miss Mary Anderson visited Mount
Auburn Cemetary on Decoration Dav
and placed a Iteautif ul wreath of flowers
pon the grave of the pet Longfellow,
ho was one of her kindest and most
valued friends. She also decorated the
grave of Charlotte Cushman.
Cardinal Newman, iu his earlier
years, was a performer of marked ability
u I n i he violin, ami now, at the age of
eighty-one, he still takes delight in
drawing sweet strains of music from the
instrument that has been his companion
for more than three score years.
Captain Paul Boy ton has swum
more titan 25,000 miles, etved hundreds
of lives, and is cflioiaJly reported by the
Uife saviug Service as having rescued
scveutv-two e!sons from drowning
upon the (O..S s of the United states.
or his service he has received forty-
two rueluls from European Govern
menlM, but not one from this conntrytof
which he is a native.
- r