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,'r.SCHWEIER.
THE C05STITUTI05 THE UB10H A5D TEE EUTOSOEMEHT OF THE LAWS.
Editor and Proprietor.
VOL XXXIV
MIFFLINTOAVN, JUNIATA COUNTY, TENNA., "WEDNESDAY, MAY 19, 18S0.
NO. 21.
I HELMBOLD'S
t
i
COMPOUND
tfW EXTRACT
LI C H U
pSABMACEUTIC-AI
I?ECIFIC REMEDY FOR ALL i
DISEASES
or TUB
I IV
unity. Loss of Memory. Indteposl-
L Imuliled with Tliouirnt of Disease,
wof vision, fain in me mm. .nesi,
mi. Eui-0 of Blood to tue lluw, f ale
"r.nce, and Dry frWln.
l -jus sTmptoms are allowed to go on.
tmjut-utly Epileptio Fits anil ton.
i raoa follow, n Ilea me consmunou
When
wt 9rctrd it requires tbe aia 01 an
i.M-.:ng nieulcine to strengaueo ana
ap uie sybtui hlch
!
fHelmbold's Buchu
DOES IN EVERY CASE.
IS UNEQUAUED
ar remedy known. It ts prescribed or
aol eminent puysciaua au
.-J,la
!jennatoriho3a,
Neuralgia,
Xervousnesa,
Dyspepsia,
Indigestion,
Constipation,
Achea and Pal;,
rj Debility,
aifloey Diseases,
Liter Complaint,
Xervous Debility,
Epilepsy,
Head Trouble,
Paralysis,
Ueueral Ill-Health.
fr'&i Diseases,
acatica.
Deafness,
Decline,
Lumbago,
Catarrh,
Nervous CottplainU,
Female Complaints, &c
l3Jche. Palo In the Shoulders, Conph.
uiiie-M, sour Stomach, irupuooa,
In the Mouth, Palpitation of ne
P, Vila in tbe region of the BJ.meys,
ip'uiinl other painiux ijmin"-
iieolsiiiings of Dyspepsia.
Helmbold's Buchu
Invigorates tbe Stomach,
L't Wmni.iM th. nmM nr Bowels.
LJ1 Mnevv to bealthv action. In cleansing
Wood or all impurities, and Imparling
"7 Hit an J vigor to the wbole sytra.
,Bag1e trial win be quite sufficient to
.witcr tlie most hesitating of Its vsluabie
NCE 1 PER BOTTLE
i
Or Six Bottles for S5.
tot4 to any address free from obserra-
J?att'' mV eonsolt by letter, reoelv
an attention as by calling.
o me luiiowillg qucu"". -
1- Gf . . . ilmaa.
gT a Sute, and your nearest express
floor a- ana seXt
J'ri.!Uor.lnHlet
J ""ittit, eii,t, now and in health!
. "w U.nn imve von been slckt
t n?ore"uPl,x'on,color of hair and eyes I
. irP TOU . twininv itr erMTt fmitf
bow
aelate withodt ..pmiinii ail TO
lom your case. Enclose one dollar
r,1ulutl"..n fee. Your letter will thea
ourat.ei1tion.au.l we will give you
wure of vour d'seose and our caodld
uJ?" """eeming a cure,
m-teut phvKicians attend to eorres.
CT"". All lctteis should be addressed
l'atory, 1217 Filbert treet, Fhlla-
IDDER X KIDNEYS
H. T. HELMBOLD,
Druggist and Chemist,
Philadelphia, re.
0U KTEKTWHKLB
LIFZ IS TOO SHORT.
Life m too short to at
la unavailing tears.
Too short to cp:-nl iu bootless grief,
lu coward doubta and fear.
Too short to give it op
To pleasure, or to tow
Oue hour in guilt, to yield at last
Eternity of woe.
Time lags not on iU war.
But spans oar days in baste ;
If life ehould last a thousand year
Twer still too short to waste.
For, abort-lived aswe ate,
Our pleasure yet, we see.
Evanish soon, they live indeed.
E'en shoiter date tbau we.
But even with us here
ll.de sorrow, pain and care ;
The shortest lifo is long enough
'it lotted grief to bear.
To the old the end is nigh ;
To the yonng far off it soe-ms ;
Vet neither should dare to toy wi h life
Or watte it in idle dreams.
Fcr by each. Time's servant waits.
Though n t for sorveut a wae ;
Acd tbe same worm nibbles the bud of youth
That Inaweth the root of aje.
live, therefore, as he lives
Who earns his share of bliss ;
Strve for the prize that Virtue wins ;
I jfe's uot too short for this.
Perils of ths Wilderness.
' 1 suppose you saw some pretty hard
Uui'8 wbn y,u first srtlleJ iu tUe Wes,ern
country f I once said to an old pioneer.
I "linked I did, sir:" he replied, with
I the look of one who is taking a retrospec
j tive view. " I am an old man now, and
j my hair, you see, is white but it was as
i black as coal on the night I was snowed up
j among wolves, Ah, me ! that was a ter
iriblc night, sir! and I ucver think of it,
but I iavoluntraily shudder at the recollec
j tion, and thank God that 1 was so wonder
j fully preserved through it."
I "Can I net prevail on you to tell rr.e the
8tvr
' " Oli, yes, I will tell it to you, as I have
' ,.1,1 It irt nmnrnlliprft tiefnre YOU SO manV.
V fc J . T
fact, that I have It quite by heart
j-Wmtji, if I had never mention 1 the mat-
t?T ll'olil luai uay iiiia, iuitiliu i
should have no trouble now in recalling the
miuutes detail, so strongly are the facts
impressed upon my memory.
It was jift after the war of 1S12, that
I trot married atrt took my wife to a pur
chase I had made from government, within j
what is now the limits of the State of Illi-
now. l ue inaians, prcni iv
! had been somewhat troublesome to the set
tlers in that region ; but. after peace was
declared, they buried the hatchet, aud we
no longer had any occasion to fear them in
the vicinity where I located myself.
'When I built my cabin and moved into
it, with the few housekeeping articles I
had brought from the eastwarJ, eveiythiug
around me looked gloomy enough, and my
n-)or wife sat down and had a hearty ciying I
spell from sheer home-sickness. 1 laugnea
at her. and talking largely of w hat I was
going to do. and all that sort of thing; but,
to tell you the honest truth, I felt a good
deal more like crying than laughing myself.
Our nearest neighbor was ten miles distant;
the only mill where we toull get grinding
done was Dtleen ; an tne s.oa i
1 .1 1. f 1 1 : .. iKn
world
drawn
the two horses which uau
ns and our effects out there, and j
one of these was blind anu uie omer u.e,
while, to crown all, I had no money, and, ,
besides seed gram, barely provisions enougu
to last us till early harvest." j
'Xow I suppose you would like to ask, ,
what made me fool cnougu 10 venture .m j
a new country and set up housekeeping j
.:...,...etanv anil I Will
unaer suru luiu . , - .
answer you, that I was young, strong, poo
n,1 I thought, and so did
aim
my wife, that this would Iks fl.e only way j
we could ever gain an i"- ---
Well, things were nm so
might have been; and I confol.-d m3 self
wiui iuc rcmnvu I.-.
deal tetter on man a B"" ' . V
who haC settled in the
us. My lann I
and halt praine -" "" -
.. . . . i,x rl,.r the
so, without ,e.ng ;; -
ground nrsx, i the
and sow at once, w u.c ,
right aeason -" . I
- ,-ere
all things considered and our c op. we (
such as to
to ne h .r. -M firet i thongMoneavingLim
with a
JTZS. and I
:r ti.nn.rh not exactly contented
happv, had got over her first severe attack
of home-sickness, and, using ail the phil
osophy and reason she was master of, had
..oconfe as re-signed to her lot as I could
exoert. "When I was with her, she gener-.n-
.med ouite cheerful; but I had to
be away more or leas ; aud during my ab
sence she became timid aud low-spirited;
always
s fearing that something wou.u
r t.:n M.utn T made it a
pen
to me. or im
. T -n in either
point, no matter
lake ber with me, or return home the same
night, even
though I migM nov n
late.
. . .
One pleasant morning, 7 T '
. i.t:-j wu and set off for
O,emillo get. grist I had left then,
mounteu iuj. -
tl custom, a wee rxiore-..." -v
wife I had not the least doubt I should be
back before dark."
-And if you are not, Pter.' she said,
.you know I shall be terriWy fngWened,
and shall sit trembling by my lone fire till
I hear your voice.' "
"Poor Nareyt she little knew how
many long hours she would ait trembhni
alone before she would see me again ; and
little did I dream what pen
Ue Mim.n.hrfnre I should again
wg
OU1U W " . , - , .i
cross the
threshold of my Humo r -
ling."
. . Irnlfu with
I took my rifle ana nunu -- -
miirht ct sa UCCI ' " 7
S w wore or less bear, and wolves
about, and now then ma ragsling
d It waaalway. best lo go pre-orwlU..everooe,gltchaufleU(
" I reached the mill long before noon,
and, had my grist been ready, I could
easily have got home, as I had promised,
before dark ; but it was not yet ground ;
and when I told the Miller how disappoint
ed I was, and that we had not meal enough
in the house for more than two days, he
said if 1 would wait he would try and have
a bushel or so ready for me by four o'clock.
I thought of my timid wife, and lonely ride
in th" dark, and half resolved to go home
e and return the next day ; but then.
.lesides that it seemed foolish to make an
entire journey agaiu to save a few hours
there was by this time every appearance of
a quick-gathering storm, and it might be
impossible to get back for the grift before
we should be actually suffering for the
want of bread ; so, all things -being duly
considered, I concluded to wait."
"Now, as bad luck would have it, some
thing went wrong with the mill ; and in
stead of getting my grist by four o'clock,
as promised, I was detained till near eight,
by which lime such a furious snow-storm
was raging, tliat the miller advised me, as
a matter of safety, to remain till morning,
saying I might get into an impassable drift
and lose my life."
" 'No,' said I, thinking of my poor,
anxious wife, trembling for fear iu her
loudness, 'I shall make the attempt at all
hazzards.' '
"I had a strip of woodiand to go through
for the first five miles, and I thought that
bail enough, I assure you ; but it was
nothing iu comparison with the oen plain,
oi prairie, which stretched away before me
for ten miles, to my very door. Sadly
the wind howled and mnoaed among the
trees, it is true ; yet they served to break
its force, and in a measure protect me, as I
guided my blind, stumbling horse along the
path which the light of the snow enabled
me to see; but when 1 reached the plain,
the storm burst upon me in all its terrible
fury, tilled my eyes, cut my face, chilled
my blood, almost blew me down, and piled
the snow iu drift aud ridges higher than
my head.
" I stopped and prayed for somehow I
felt that without God's assistance I should
never get through aud behold mv dear wife
again and then I set forward with the
child-like reliance of one who has acknow
ledged his weakuess and committed himself
to the care and guidance of a Supreme
Power.
For a short distance 1 continued to ride;
but I soon found this would not do ; for
besides the fact that I could scarcely keep
my position, and felt my limbs and body
numb with the piercing cold, my poor horse
was beginning to stagger from the force
ot the wind and his load together ; so I got
down and led him forward, both of us
stumbling more or less on the clear ground,
and plunging and wallowing through ti.e
high drifts, which were every minute grow
ing higher aud more difficult to surmount
"In this manner I had got over, as ni"h
as I could judge, about three miles of pral
rie, when there came to my ears, bora along
by the rushing blast, the distant howling
of a pack of wolves. Of all nighu, such a
night as this was the very ne for these
ravenous beasts to get the courage to attack
a man, and my heart sunk and my legs
trembled. Had there been nobody except
myfclf to think about. I could have put a
f
,
the first ; but the thought of my poor Jan
cv bein left alone to mourn for me, and
anJ Jie . gow
awy al, my hope
ud COlnse . and when, a minute
af(cr j gbicd and fell into a drift, I lay
fM tim hearillg tne gtorm roar
woWcsuowl stiW iOU(icr, and think
as well die one way as anather.'
" 9
once, as I lay H ere, treni-
ommi t
.
me tiiat i as acting t he cowaru anu tue
i why
M j die Mre my time, came, without
, bo5r ,n Mefense f With this
ghook ofr the 8now frora my-
self and rifle, beat my amisanu lianas auinsi
mv breast to get some warmth into them,
lhen med my piece, and fixed my
knife where I could grasp and use it iu an
i.
instant-
wag done lhe
noisc of ,he wolves had come a good deal
fc as if he
. b,fate was aw.itinghim,
snorted, cowerd and trembled-but, not
j m torun
to appease the hunger of the beasts, while
I made made my escape on foot ; dui it
was by no means certain I could escape in
this way ; and besides, it seemed absolutely
necessary that 1 should take the meal home
with me: and ao, after a little consldera
tion.
I resolved to mount him and make
the best defense 1 could. I got upon ins
back upon my knees, threw the bridle over
one arm, covered my rifle as well as I
could, and there, with the storm howling
past, and the snow fairly drifting over me
in sheets, I waited in terrible suspense the
onset of niT foes.
"I did not have to wait long before I saw
. . l:t- lf firll around
ihinr evessninmK iiiwc "
me ,nd hea.d, above the awful roar of the
nS nu " .
lomrjest. their barklngi, snarungauu
jA.My4 aKrai.t 1.inincr And
ings as mey uuutcu -
t.,mhlinip over each other, one minute Tea
turins up dose, ami then laiung oaca in
alarm aa I shouted to frighten them, bat all
time rettlu- bolder and bolder, till I
saw the straggle must come soon. j
poortrcmblinghorsecould-ot proect himself
L .... - for besides, as I have said, that
u. not see. Uh TM now imbeded in
drift, one-balf of' which nd towed up
j i.i. .d,r he had stopped; and
arouuu . .
.u i, if th wolves had not been present,
I might, perhaps, have worked him put of
this, yet I doubt if he could have got out
alone, or that I could have ever got him
home alive la "7 case.
. WelL the work of ditruci)n soon be
eun, bv eom f the boldest of the feeaW
fZZin into the drift, and ad4ng upon
the horn before and behind at the m
it- ahriek. and reared, and plunged.
and kicked, and it was a marvel that I was
not thrown from his back and destroyed
before him. 1 clung to him for a short
time, unable either to shoot or use my rifle
for a cluli, and believing my last minute
was at hand ; and then, somehow, by a
sudden impulse, I sprang to my feet, and
jumbed from his back, as far as I could.
into the deepest part oj the snow. I weut
down like plunging into water, and the
next instant the sweeping blast had covered
me with a white mantle, that I only hoped
would be my winding sheet, if it would
save me from the fansrs of the monsters
that were tow tearing my horse to pieces."
For what seemed an age to uie, the
ravenous beasts remained at their bloody
work snarling, growling and fighting.
Every minute of this time I was expecting
them to bounce upon me, and I kept my
knife in my hand, prepaired to sell my life
dearly. I had my rifle with me, too ; but
this was of no use, except to thrust out
through the white wall of my prison
house and to open an air hole through
hich I could breathe. Except my
fear of the wolves attacking me. I did
not feel so very uncomfortable in my strange
quarters ; and when, at last, I became sen
sible by the sounds that the animals were
gradually dispersing, slinking away one
after another, my poor heart took a great
bound with hope, and 1 thanked God wi'h
my whole soul for his kind Providence in
preserving me.
It was a long, a terribly long and try
ing night at!er that, as 1 remained there
buried in the snow, constantly changing
my position, rubbing my legs, arms; hands
aud body, forcing open a breathing ! le.
rousing myself from a drowsiness whose
sleep would have been death, listening to
the shrieking and howling storm above me,
and thinking of my poor, distracted wife
at home it w as a terribly long night, in-
eed but I lived through it, and fervently
thanked God to see the storm ahate with
the dawn of day."
" Though only seven miles to my cabin,
took me six hours of hard labor to reach
; and then I fell into the arms ot my al
most frantic wile, compietly exhausted,
and with some of my limbs so frosted that
was uot able to leave the house agaiu for
months. Terribie as was the journey to
the mill, my wife was obliged to make it
alone, a few davs after, to get meal to keep
us from starving ; and you can fancy what
were my feelings, while left an iuvaUd at
home, knowing her liajle to be exposed to
the same perils which had so nearly proved
fatal to me! Ah, sir, it is indeed with
tnith I can
times when
conntry."
say, I saw some pretty hard tinted grass. Tne variegated Japanese
I "first settled in the western I ni!uze one f 'ue latest novelties in orna
mental grasses. All of the varieties make
. very pretty winter bouquets, when made
Con Sugar and Syrups.
The process of making corn syrup and
sugar is as follows. The corn is steeped in
large tanks lor 2 to at nours in warm
water, when it liecomes quite soft. It is
then ground in burr stone mills through
hich a stream of water is constantly pass
ing. As tasl as me corn is gnwuu u is
carried off by the water into settling tanks
in which the coarse particles are deposited,
the fine starch being earned otl in tlie
water into other tanks where it finally
settles free from any impurity, and the
ater is drawn off. The
r-OHrxe matter is
reground, bolted, and washed repeatedly,
until all the starch is' secured, when the
refuse is gathered and sold as starch waste
for feeding cows and cattle, tor about i-
and wholesome food, being thus freed from
most of the starch, and containing the
irluten and other nitrogenous matters with
all the mineral portions of the grain. The
statement so often made that this waste is
injurious when fed to cattle is seen to be
untrue: it is as wholesome and about as
nutritious as bran. The starch thus made
and still mixed with a large quantity of
water from which 'V is not necessary to
separate it, is pumped into wooden vessels
in which a certain proportion of sulphuric
acid is added to the starehy liquid. The
proportion of acid vanes from one to three
per cent, accorumg to me qimuiu. i
starch suspendtd in the liquid. The whole
mass of liquid is thoroughly stirred and
heated by means ot a steam con oi leau
pipe until the whole of the starch has been
converted into dextrine. This point is as
certained by testing a small portion of the
liquid by the addition ot a lew urops oi
alcoholic solution of iodine. Iodine pos
sesses the rjroncny oi giving nuiui i-uim iu
starch aud if any starch remains in the
linnul its nresence is noted by the appear
ance of a violet cloud in the test tulie. If
no discoloration takes place the process is
complete and the liquid is dran off into
another vat and powdered marble dust is
stirred iuti it in the proportion of 3 pounds
to each 5 pounds of acid used. J lie mar
ble dust, carlionate of lime, unites with
the acid and forms sulphate of lime or
plaster, which falls to the bottom, leaving
the sweet liquor free from acid, if the pro
cess has been exactly performed. This is
tested by the use of litmus paper which
becomes red when uippcu uuo on sum
liquid, and blue if dipped into one that is
alkaline. When found to lie perfectly
neutral the liquid is filtered through bone
M.anvMl. bv which it is purified aud made
clear and limpid. After this it is conveyed
into vocuum pans and evap ra ed ny sieam
heat into sugar or syrup. The product of
sugar is from- 25 to :10 pounds from a
bushel of corn, depending upon the quality
of the graiu. A bushel of corn weighing
60 lbs., contains about ao ios. oi sianu,
but all the starch is not extracted from the
corn as some is leti in inc waste, iuk
manufacture is evidentlv a proniauie one
especially when carried on in the great
corn growing localities where the grain is
cheap. ..
A TV asp's Itrategy.
A writer says that one morning when he
was watching a spider nest, a mad wasp
alighted within an inch or two of the nest,
on the side opposite the opening. Creep
ing noiselessly around toward the entrance
of tbe nest, the wasp stopped a little short
of It, and for a moment remained perfectly
quiet. Then learning om one oi m u
tenntc, he wriggled it before the opening
and withdrew it. 1 his overture nau iuo
desired effect, for the boss of the nest, as
larga a spider as one ordinarily sees, caino
out to ase what waa wrong ana vo set u
nghta. Jso sooner had the spider emergra
ti that nnint at which he was at the worst
V .fff f" 7 . , . 1
.. . " . .i . v. - . mil. . nllirK
disadvantage vam i "vi " " -movement,
thrust bis sting iuto the body
of his foe, killing him easily and almost
instantly. Tue experiment was repeaicu
ca the part of the wasp, and when there
was no' repooae from the inside he became
satisfied, probah'y, that be held the fort.
At a)l event he proeeededto enter the nest
aiid alaiiglitpr the young spiders, which
weie aftefward lugged off one at a tjme.
Farm and Garden.
i ime is now at band tor the annual ap
pearance of the borer. They make an en
trance to the tree at the base of the trunk.
and sometimes just below tbe surface of
the ground. When young they are easily
removed with the blade ot a pen-knife or a
small wire. The borer more frequently at
tacks young than old trees. The old
practice among farmers of annually scrap
ing the trunks of apple trees aud afterward
applying a coat whitewash is not so com
mon nowadays as it used to be. .Still the
good results following the labor will well
repay one. Underneath the dry aud dead
baik countless numbers of vermin make
their home; when the bark is removed and
whitewash applied the destruction of all
vermin is certain. The Chinese and Jap
anese excel all other nationalities in the cul
ture of early vegetables. This arises from
the fact that they use only liquid manures,
hence the growth of the plants is more rapid,
and as a 'natural consequence the vegeta
ble are very brittle and tender. Lettuce
and radishes they force rapidly, giving the
plants a sprinkling once a day. Tobacco
and tea pl.iit are also treated in a like
manner. The rhubarb, or "pie plant" as
it is best known in the country, should be
looped after these spring days, siuce it is
an early growta determines in some meas
ure its value. Remove all of the old aud
decaying stalks and place over each root a
barrel (without heads) so that the stalks
will grow erect while the beams of light
renders the shoots more tender. Some of
the varieties of English and Scotch oats are
worthy of culture no doubt, while others
have no value at all. Tbe Pedigree Po
land, an early and profitable oat. is recom
mended by some of our western farmers.
Its quality is said to be excellent. Ordinari
ly this grain succeeds best when sown early
in the spring, thereby avoiding danger from
protracted drouth. Moderately rich soil is
best, since the oat is liable to lodge if tbe
ground is too rich. Most of the ferns
found in our woods contain more or less
starch, and when properly prepared are ex
tremely palatable and nutritious. An at
tempt was recently made in France to popu
larize them as an article of food. The
young shoots of the common brake fern
when exposed above the soil to the air and
sunlight become exceedingly fleshy, white
aud tender. A famous French painter is
known to pride himself on his fern orolets,
and the hill tribes of Japan live on fern all
the year round. In spring they.eat tbe ten
der leaflets and later in the season they eat
the starch extracted frora the roots. If you
intend sowing any of the ornamental grasses
lie sure aud obtain a packet of autifretim
arrnitrnni (passes ffrags). This tort is the
; Bnest of them all, and reaches an alttude
of ten feet. Most of the sorts are annuals.
nut tins one is a nan tiaray perenuial.
dwarf variety known as hare's tail grass
A
is
very pretty and grows to the hight of one
foot. i?oDie of the varieties have palm-like
foliage, while others have feathery spikes.
The tt-icrolrna rnu a is a beautiful rose
up with the everlasting flowers.
AHUtorle Desk.
Hon. Robert C. Winthrop, in the course
of the Centennial oration delivered by him
on the Fourth of July, 1876, in Music hall,
Boston, exhibited to the audience the
writing-desk upon which the Declaration
of Independence was written, and the
thoughts suggested by this interesting his
torical relic formed one of the rami elo
quent passages of his oration. He con
cluded his allusion to this desk with these
words : "Long may it find its apnropria-
. ate and annreciatiuir ownership in tlia siie-
ceasive generations of a family in which
j the blood of Virginia and Massachusetts is
so auspiciously commingled. Should it in
the la'!s ot years ever pass irom tne nanus
of those to whom it will be so precious an
heirloom, it could only have its fit and final
i place umoug the choicest and most cher
ished treasures of the nation, with whose
title deeds of independence it is so proudly
associated." On a recent visit to Wash
ington, Mr. Winthrop took the occas'on to
call at the executive mansion to ci'-Uver
; personally to the president, as a gift to the
j United Hates, the little mahogany deak on
which Mr. Jefferson wrote the Declaration
of Independence. It was presented in the
name of the children of the late Mr.Joseph
Coolidge of Boston, to whom it was given
by Jefferson himself in 1825, whose grand
daughter Mr. Coolidge had married, and
has an autograph Inscription as follows:
'Thonuis Jefferson gives this writing
desk to Joseph Coolidge, Jr., as a memo
rial of his affection. It was made from a
drawing of his own by Ben Randall, cabinet-maker,
of Philadelphia, with whom he
first lodged on his arrival in that city in
Mav, 177t), and is the ir'ea'.ical one on
which he wrote the Declaration of Inde-
pendence. Politics as well as religion has
its superstitions. These, gaming strength
with time, may one day give imaginary
value to this relic for its association with
tlie birth of the great charter of our inde
pendence." This desk will be deposited
in the lire proof library of the State dc
dartment, where are kept the original draft
of. the declaration, written on this desk,
and the engrossed copy which was signed
by the members of the Continental Con
gress. The Monkey and the Hawk.
The cook of a French nobleman, whose
chateau was in the south of France, had a
monkey which was allowed the free range
of the kitchen, and which was so intelligent
that bv severe training in natural proticn-
sity to mischief had beeu subdued, and it
was even taught to perform certain useful
services.such i plucking towls, for instance,
at which it was uncommonly expert. One
fine morning a pair of partridges was given
it to pluck. The monkey took them to an
open window which lixked directly uion
the park and went zo worK wun great uiu-
ffcuce. lie soon Ouished one, wmcu ne
laid on the outer ledse or the window, and
then went quietly on with the other. A
hawk, which had been watching nis pro
redin?rs from a neiirhbcrinsr tiee, darted
down upon the partridge, and in a minute
was up in tbe tree again, greedily devour
ing his prey. Tbe constematiea of the
monkey at this untoward adventure may
be easily imagined. He knew he should be
severly whipped for losing it. He hopped
about In great distress for several minutes,
when suddenly a bright thought struck
him. Seizing the remaining partridffe, he
went to work with energy and stripped off
the feather. Ha then placed the other,
on the window sill, and elosing
one of the snuiiers conceaicu
himself behind it. The hawk, which by
this time had finished his meal, very soon
swooned down upon the partridge; but
' hardly had his claw touched the bird whon
1 . i r . 1. l. ' .1
the monkey sprang upon mm iiuui m.-iuuu
the shutter. The hawk' head was instant
ly wrung, and tlo monkey, witl a triumph
ant chuckle. Proceeded to atrip off the
feathers. This done, he carried the two
nicked fowls to his master, with a conn
dent and self-satisfied air. which aeemed to
say. i'llere ar two bird, ait, just what
you gave me.:' What tb' cook aald on
finding one of the partridge converted Into
a bawkj is more than we are auia to wi
Diamonds and Diamond Fields,
The principal diamond fields of the
world are in South Africa and in Brazil.
Owing to the great production in the Kim
berley mines in South Africa, aud the con
sequent reduction in price, the Brazil mines
are not worked as much as formerly. A
few stones are foand in India, some small
ones in China, and occasionally one is
found in California. It is claimed that
one or two have been discovered in Indiana
and one or two in Georgia. But tboee that
have been sent from Georgia have turned
out to be either beryl or common crystal.
The peculiarity of the great Kimberley
mines which are now SiMJ feet below the
surface and cover a large area is that the
diamonds are found imbedded in steatite,
or soapstone. Those found in the Bahia
district in Brazil which is about 400
miles below Rio Janeiro are usually im
bedded in a conglomerate composed of
small pebbles. The diamonds that are
not it to cut for gems are used
for mechanical purposes. Those most
used are what are called carbons from the
Bahia district. They are irregular in shape
and of a dark brown color, about the size
of a hazel-nut. When broken there is a
gray fracture. They were discovered many
years before they were known to have any
value. Since the discovery that they were
diamonds by an Amsterdam diamond cut
ter they have risen in price to $8 a carat
and more. They are used in burring mill
stones and in diamonds drills. Another
variety, known as Brazilian boart, is too
poor to cut, and is used for drilling. They
are of different colors, and vary in size from
a pin-head to a pea. These little white ones,
too small for gems, have good cutting an
gles, aud are used by lithographers and
bank-note engravers in preparing plates.
The labor connected with cutting and pol
ishing a diamond adds greatly to its cost.
Some are very dilucult to shape and polish.
A particular seven-carat diamond took
seven months' labor, more or less work
every day, to get it cut aud polished ready
for the jeweler, and sold at a loss of il.lXio. ,
Such diamonds are not crystallized in re
gular planes, and may be compared to a
knotty piece of wood. As a rule, how
ever, diamonds have regular cleavage
planes. The cutter just makes a line on
the face of the point or angle of another
diamond. Then he uses a short instru
ment of steel and a mallet to efl.-ct the
cleavage. They all have the same num
ber of facets fifty-six but may be round
at the girdle (circumference; or oblong,
according to the original shape of the
stone. They are cut, as a rule, with a lit
tle waste as po&sible. The white are the
most brilliant, and consequently the most
valuable. Tinted stones are less valuable,
but a diamond of a positive pink or green
color commands a high price.
A Lion's Dinner.
ue of the most interesting places in
the Zoological Garden. Philadelphia, Pa.,
Is the lion house, not far from the main en
trance. Oue of the most favorable mo
ments to visit this lion bouse is four o'clock
in tbe afternoon, as the lions, tigers, pan
thers, leopards, cougars and hyenas are
given their dinner at that time of the day.
They are given one meal aday only. "Poor
fellows!" perhaps you may exclaim, but It
must be remembered that in their native
wilds these flesh-eating beasts go without
food for several days. It is a very interest
ing sight to see this four o'clock dinner. As
early as three o'clock visitors began to
crowd into the promenade in front of the
row of cages and by the time the keeper
brings out his buckets the house is well
filled. Of course the animals know that
dinner-time is approaching. They pace up
and down their cages with uneasy steps,
tlie lions roar and the tigers growl, show
ing very plainly that they are hungry.
Every now and then a little boy wiH go
close up to the lion's cage, but will leap
away again in an instant, for the terrl Ik
roar that makes the floor shake frightens
Johnny out of his shoes. When the keeper
appears with a bucket full of meat "Com
nmrkire Lawrence," the biggest of the
panthers, bounds around the sides of his
cage like a cat, for, as his cage is nearest
the provision-house dor, he gets the first
food. Having received his big "hunk," as
the keeper calls it, the Commodore eats
away with great relish. The tigers are al
most wild with delight when their cages are
readied. Perhaps the most Interesting part
of the sport, however, is the feeding of the
male Hon. Noble fellow that he is! Here
comes the keeper ; now look sharp anl see
what the lion is doing! There he stands, on
his haunches, with his head toward the
great crowd. His mane stands out lil;e the
shaggy wluskers on Uncle Sam's chin. His
eyes, fastened upon the keeper, gleam wi'h
pleasure. Now, really, isn't that a smile
stealing over his face, making his beard
twitch and his ears point forward ? It looks
very much like it. anyhow, and if that isu t !
a lion s smile, then no lion ever did smile.
He is not as impatient as the other animals,
though he shows that he is hungry. He has
a native dignity about him that every one
must admire. See, the keeper approaches
with a piece of licef horse beef weighing
fifteen pounds, on the end ot a pole, lhe
keeper holds the beef up over the lion's
head, and close to the cage. Now is the
most delightful moment. "Just look !"
"How nice!" Dear old boy!" maybe
heard on every aide, andjhe crowd surges
up against the iron rail. Still the keeper
holds the beef above the lion's heaiL The
lion looks up at it with a "please-do-drop-It-in-my-mouth"
expression. His pav."s are
crossed, aa his head elevated. Suddenly
the keeper thrusts the beef between the
bars, the lion seizes it with a "thank you"
look and begins to eat as quietly as any
gnod little girl in the United States.
Timber Culture.
We feel sure that the subject of timber
culture does not engage the attention of
the public as its merits demand. The an
nual consumption of railroad tie alone is
over 40,t)u),0"i). 1 requires thirty year's
growth to produce the average railroad tie.
There is over 90,000 mile of railroad in
thi country; making over 180,000 mile of
fencing, which cost over $50,000, 00", aDd
over $ 15,000,000 annually for repair. We
have over 75,000 mile of telegraph wires,
which require over 300,000 telegraph posts,
and the annual repair take .3o,ioo more.
But. if we should go on and enumerate the
amount required (qr farm fencing, build
inirs. nrick-burnine (which require 2, 000,-
000 cord a year), match-making, shoe-
netrs. furniture-making.saddle-tree making,
packing-boxes, acythe and tool h&ndlea of
au ainus, wnguus, nuu(CB. s' ,i
implements, and fire-wood, it would swell
the grand total at least $200,000,000 an-
auall". And, notwithstanding this great
flmand and shortened surmlv. the havoc
r.r k.mW-riestrnvincrui eoine on lust as
mnidlv as ever. The time is coniine when
tlii wholesale destruction win ce regietieu.
The simply will he ehausted; and then it
J ... .. -ii i i
will take more than fifty years to restore it,
at great expense and labor. The supply
thereafter can never be made to eua', the
demand fw it. Tio6 wao will now turn
inelr ar.e'ntion'to timber culture and to the
preservation of what timber they hare,
will receive a big eward In the near
future.
The Xoefoors of New Guinea.
Among the islanders marriages are not
made according to the inclination or by the
free choice of the young people, but ot the
wish of their families, who consult their
convenience alone when they affiance their
Children, most frequently at a very tender
age. 11 nen tue arrangement is completed,
the betrothed are forbidden to associate
with each other. The etiquette which reg
ulates the anair is very rigorous, and
presses heavily upon the little tinner.
They are forbidden to look at each other.
and it is enjoined upon the young girl s as
10 arrange matters that her future husband
cannot see her. When they meet each
other on the road. an accident which can
not fail to occur occasionally, the girL
who rarely goes out alone, being warned by
ner companions, is Dound to keep herself
hidden behind a tree or bushes from the
time that her future lord and master comes
in sight till he has passed by. It happens
onen inai me two are of the same com
pany, for instance, when they cross from
one island to another in the same boat.
Then tlie childlike and simply courtesy
which gives the law in these regions de
mands mat tney turn their backs, and look
steadfastly in opposite directions. The be
trothed must also avoid all contact with the
members, both masculine and feminine, ot
the family into which they are alxMit to
enter. From the future father-in-law and
the future mother-in-law they must guard
themselves aa from the plague. One day
when Mr. Van Hasslt was in his school,
one of the boy suddenly threw himseif un
der the table, where he remained motion
less. Not knowing what to think, the
frightened teacher was rushing to the child,
when his comrades called him back. "It
is nothing," they said, "only his brother's
future mother-in-law is going by I" and then
explained to tbe astonished foreigner that
if the boy should so much as look at this
expected relative, his bpJther's fiance would
have an accident before the marriage. But
let us return to the bethrotliaL Marriages in
Nocfourian hih life arc not celebrated with
out splendor and parade, although tbeir
wedding ceremonies are characterized by a
reserve and a modesty very remarkable in
a savage people of the tropica. Adorned
with the most beautiful ornaments, the
bride is conducted through the village. One
woman, having seized her by the legs, car
ries her on her back ; while another binds
her arms as though she were a captive, and
leads her by a rope to the home of her be
trothed. It is a symbol of slavery a
souvenir of the ancient servitude which the
aristocratic class, everywhere conservative
of the traditions of the past, has preserved.
.Marriages among the lower clauses are dif
ferently conducted. In this case the pro
cession starts from the house of the bride
groom, who leads a crowd of relatives and
friends, each one bearing a present. The
procession begins to march at nightfall,
for it must be made with torches, classical
emblem of the hymeneal fires. On reach
ing theirdestiuation, the bridegroom is pre
sented to the bride's relatives, who lead
him into her chamber. She awaits him
with her back turned, indicating that she
does not dare to meet his conquering gaze.
The young man approaches till within two
feet of her, turn on his heel, and then they
are back to back, in the midst of a numer
ous assembly, the men on one side, the
women on the other. After the entertain
ment, tbe bride is led into her own room,
still not daring to meet the terrible glance
of her husband, and keeping her back turn
ed to the door; seeing which, the husband
a'so turns his back upon her. The whole
night is spent in this manner. They sit
there motionless having some one to brush
away the flies, and without speaking a
word. It is a veritable watch on their
arms. If they grow sleepy, some one of
the assistants, who lake turns in doing this
service, nudges them with his eibow; if
they keep wide awake, the bridal pair are
assured of long life and a green old age.
In the morning they separate, still without
looking at each other, to refresh themselves
after the fatigues of the previous night, in
order to repeat the performance the second
night, and the third night, and even the
fourth, without being permitted to relin
quish the siege. On tbe fifth morning,
with the first rays of the sun, the youn
people at last look each other full in the
face. That suffices; the marriage iscou
siderea accomplished, and the newly-wedded
pair receive the customary congratulations.
Not till the following night do the watch
ers leave them; and the husband is bound
in honor to slip sway before dawn, since
his bride cannot be expected yet to endure
a second time in broad daylight his terrible
look. She will n4 dare to meet his gaze
until after an interval of four more days
and nights. Si much modesty would not
be suitable for slaves. They throw them
selves into each other's arms, aud ail is
done.
California Ka'vnis.
To-day South California can give to the
world raisins that will compare favorably
with the best in size, quality and beauty.
The soil best adapted to raisins is a light
gravelly or sandy loam, such as is found in
all our the hills and mesa land. The land
should be thoroughly ploughed and leveled
in such a manner as to facilitate irrigation.
Cuttings are to lie preferred to roo'.ed vines
if water sufficient to start them can be got,
as in removing a young-rooted vine the
rootlets are apt to "be damaged thereby.
Lone cuttings are preferred, and luese are
planted so to leave but one bud above the
surface. A hole is mode, either with a
spade or a crowbar, into which the cutting
is inserted. Care is then required that the
soil may be thoroughly packed around the
vine, as it will mildew and rot ir there is
anv vacancy at the butt of it. The vines
are usually set eight feet apart each way,
which allows C80 vine to tbe acre. Some
more experienced raisin growers recto tn
mend that the space between every fourth
and fifth row be twelve to fourteen feet,
as this allows greater faclity for drying.
and also leaves sufficient room tor driving
throuirh the vineyard. The planting sea
son is from January until tbe latter part cf
March. It Is preferable to plant as caily
as possible, as the cuttings then get the ad
vantage of the rainy season. Should the
ground be dry. it is customary to irrigate
the vines as toon as planted in order to set
the soil around them and prevent them from
drvine out. Good raisins cannot be grown
without irrisation. as wet land is too cold
and heavy to produce perfect fruit. Dur
ing the nitt auinmer tue vines require to.ue
watered once in three to once in six weens.
dependent upon the capacity of Uie soil to
retain moisture. Benrinj vines require
inore moist i;rs turn young ones, but should
not be watered after the fruit begins to
color, as it makes it watery and insipid,
and destroys the quality of the raisin.
i Expcrier.ee has shown that tbe shoiter the
I . i . . .i -.: i. 1 it,.
i stocus oi me nuwu nun mc uugri mc
j fruit and the more prolific the yield, and
they are kept short aid stocky, some of
the vines ic tue best vineyards not being
inore than a foot to eighteenjnehea in length.
It is customary to oit &ff all the canes,
leaving- brt twee to five, according to the
size of tbe vine. Os each cane fiJn two
to four buds are eft During e um
mer CW la taken to keep down the suck
en, aud all superfluous sprouts are broken
off as they appear. This is due every two
or three weeks, and by this means the
whale strength of the vine is forced iuto
the grape. Some also thin out the fruit ou
the vines where they are too heavily ladeu.
Immediately after pruning, the vineyard is
thoroughly p'oughL and irrigating ditches
are left on either side of the rows of vines.
After each irrigation a cultivator is run
through them in order to loosen up the soil
and prevent a growth of weeds. This U
repeated until the growth of the vine pre
vents further cultivation. The curling sea
son begins about the middle of September.
It is then that the grapes attain a peculiar
rich amber color, which denotes that they
are suttioiently ripe for picking. As all the
fruit does not npen at once there are two
and three pickings in the season, which is
continued until November. The cliinten
of grapes are carefully picked By the stems.
care being taken not to touch the fruit, as it
knocks off the bloom and sjioils its apiiear-
ance. They are then placed upon wooden
trays, two feet by three, each tray holding
about fifteen pounds of green fruit. When
filled, the tray is placed Itetween the vines,
where it is left for ten or fifteen days, by
hich time the fruit has dried to a dark
purple, when they arc turned by placing
an empty tray on top of the full one aud
turning them over, and they are left for
ten or twelve days more to complete the
drying procesc. When the fruit Is dry the
trays are gathered up and the dust that may
have blown on the raisins is carefully
blown off and the fruit is put in what are
known as sweating boxes. These are the
same size as the trays, and fiom twelve to
fourteen inches ta depth. The fniit is slid
off the tray into these boxes until they are
filled, when they are covored and stored
in a cool place for at least two weeks. The
sweating process converts the dried grapes
into raisins, gives them uniformity of color
and quality, and toughens the stems so
that they can be handled. When the sweat
ing is completed the raisin is ready for
packing for market, and in this great care
is required. The imperfect fruit is thrown
out ami the rest sorted into two qualities.
which are then packed into whole, half or
quarter boxes. Tbe whole boxes eighteen
and a half inches long, nine inches wide.
four and three quarter inches deep, and
hold twenty pounds. The half and quarter
boxes are the same size, but shallower,
and hold ten and live pounds respectively.
In filling, the grapes are first weighed.
and then carefully placed in a filler. This
is a wooden frame a little smaller inside
of the boxes. It is made to fit on the box,
and has a Iwttom piece of galvanized iron,
which slides in grooves. 1 his is lined with
white paper, and the raisins are carefully
arranged, bunch by bunch, until it contains
five pounds. A block of wood one and a
half inches thick, covered on the bottom
with tin, and known as a "follower, " is
then placed on the top, the tin bottom be
ing first dampened to prevent adhesion,
and the whole is placed under a screw, and
left under pressure for a short time. The
filler is then removed, placed on top of the
box to be filled, the bottom withdrawn,
and the solid cake of raisins drops into
place. These are covered with the ends
of tlie paper, which are left sufficiently
long to fold over, and the process i re
peated until the box is filled.
The Gypsies.
The latest reviewer of the origin of the
gypsies states that r.urope probably con
tains 7iM.iHMi, of which Rotimania has
from l'Oo.OOm to300,00o. They are very
numerous in Persia, Armenia, Asiatic Tur
key and Kgypt, The gypsy calls himself
Roui, a man or husband, and everybody
else Gaje, alien, i ne writer derives this
name from the Indian God llama, another
from the Sanskrit doma, a low-caste musi
cian. 1 here is no evidence beyond our
word, which is alike in both languages, that
the gypsies were originally lgyptian, -notwithstanding
the belief to that effect in the
middle ages. Sinte, a name for the gypsies
of Germany, has been connected with the
Sandskrit Sindhu, Indus, and with the
Sinties-men of Homer and Strabo. The
Magyars aud Turks thought the Egyptian,
and called them Pbaroh's men, while the
Scandinavians thought theiu Tartars, and
the French confused ihem with Bohemian?.
The etymologies proposed for their various
names in different countries are countless.
Gypsies seem to have existed here and thure
iu Western Kurope for many centuries pre
vious to 14-'!H, but iu that year they appeared
in great nuinliers, their Itands hcml.-d by
'counts," "dukes," anil even "kinirs.' Re
ceived partly with fear.partly with curiosity.
hey spread over all tlie lands, and were
particularly well treated in Scotland but
the next century saw them proscribed, de
ported, and hanged for re fu.-ing to accept
biuns!:m;nt. lu Austria they were falsely
accused of murders aud cannibalism, many
being torturcl, hanged aud burned. Com
paratively recent research has settled the
fact that the cynsies are ot Indian origin.
the thirteen dialects of Europe being simi
lar among themselves and related very
closely to dialects of Upper India now
spoken. Philologists are not decided when
to place the departure of the gypsies from
their sister tribes in India. The presence
of Persian and Armenian words prove that
they must have s'opped long in Asia Minor;
the absence of Arabic words, that they did
not reach Kure by way of the Balkan
peninsula. Every dialect has a long list ot
Greek words testifying to a long residence
among Greek-speaking people. Slavonic
elements are equally strong. It is possible
that many of the folk-tales current in Euro
pean countries were introduced by the gyp
sies, although some argue that the gypsies
have them at second hand. hue authori
ties agree on the likeness between the gypsy
and U'.e Indian dialects, it is by no means
settled to which they are moat clorly
allied. An attempt has been made t
identify them alwulutely with the Juts, of
whom the Funjaub has more than a mill
ion, it may turn out that India Las gyp
sies like other lands and that the theory of
Battaillard is correct, which tries to provej
that gypsies have existed ui Europe from
time immemorial.
A Dange'ona Amusement.
As out-door sports liegin the girls are
sure, this spnng, to take their usual turn at
rope jumping. Scarcely a season passes
without several reports of girls dropping
dead after some long continued effort, as in
trying to skip the rope ajhousand times ;
and even when not so far carried to excess
the practice is decidedly hazardous- Dr.
Peck, of the surgical institute at lniua
napolis, pronounces it a prime cause of
cripples among girl. Speaking of a recent
operation in which the bones of both legs of
a little girl bad oeea removed owing to ne
crosia caused by rope jumping, Dr. Peck
says that similar cases are of frequent oc
currence, though the mischtet more com
monly shows itself in necrosis of the spiuc.
Not a month passes but cases are brought
to the Institute to be treated for Injuries
brought on by the continuous cooeussions
upon the bones in this amusement. He ad
vise parent and teacher to prohibit th
"pernicious pas tune" at all times ami
under all circumstances.
T.ar U faTwyjWi .'lOlm
BaBaaawnBaUBBSSaM