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B. F. SCHWEIER,
THI 00H3TITCTI0N THI CHIOS AND TH1 1OT0KCIMKKT 0? THI LAWS.
Editor and Proprietor.
, 1
VOL. XXX.
MIFFLINTOWN, JUNIATA COUNTY, PENNA., AUGUST 16. 1876.
NO. 33.
i CEKTURT TO COK.
Where will these moving millions be
A century to eome ?
Will one of this Tut number ace
A century to eome ?
Wboll then arrive this breathing earth.
The babe that yesterday had birth ?
Where, then, the poor. Out toiling erotnlf
And where these independent proud ?
The great, the wise.
The merry eyes ;
And he that's bold.
Not yet grown old ?
Oh! others will stand in all their steed.
While they he with UT unnumbered dead.
Before that time shall
Who'll meet round the homeejur fathers rear'd
A century to eome ?
Whose voices in these old balls be beard,
A century to come ?
Who'll heed the scenes that charm na now
As time rolls on ss seasons go ?
O'er yonder grafts-grown grown grave, wboll
bend.
And sadly say, Tia my dear friend ?"
Oh ! birds may sing
The flowers may spring
The rivers will flow
The forests still grow
All nature then will be just as gay
But ttrangm will be here, that day,
A century to eome. a. M. i.
"When Company Comes."
"There, Jenny, this is all right now."
They had becu clearing and rearrang
ing their luxuriant parlor, and now
that the work was done, the last particle
of dust removed and everything set back
in place, Mrs. Lane looked about her
with the utmost complacency and there
was a world of satisfaction in her voice
as she said:
"There, Jenny, this is all right now.
Irop the curtains and then the room
will be ready for company any time;"
and she went out, closing the door be
hind her carefully.
Left alone, Jenny dropped upon a
sofa opposite a large mirror, and look
ing around the room with its graceful
appointments, she sighed heavily, say
ing to herself, "It is pleasant here with
the beautiful sunshine streaming in. I
do wish we could sit here part of the
time instead of always staying in those
dingy back rooms. I believe we should
all feel better ; but then, mother don't
think so," and she rose wearily to dar
ken the room.
An nour later Air. Lane strode rapidly
up the gravelled walk, with all the
haste which a hungry business man
feels when approaching his borne at
dinner-time. Turning the knob hur
riedly he wheeled impatiently about
and walked around to the side-door,
muttering to himself:
"I wish Maria wouldn't keep forever
hiking that door as if the front hall
was too good for a man to walk through
in his own house."
The dining-room was empty and dark,
and after waiting a few minutes he pro
ceeded to the kitchen where, as he ex
liected, his wife and girls were just set
ting the dinner upon the table.
The room was hot, uncomfortable and
swarming with flies, the floor was dirty
and the air filled with the odors of
burned bread and fried meat.
Ilis brow contracted when he sat
down to the ill-cooked meal that was
served up on a soiled table-cloth beside
a hot Stove, and he bit his lip in vexa
tion that his wife did not think him
worthy of any better treatment than
that. But experience had taught him
that remonstrance was foolishness.
"I told you that I was going to keep
the dining-room nice after it was paiuted
and fixed up," she explained.
If your cousin Eunice felt as if she
must go home, I was willing to have
her go, so we could shut up the front
part of the house, and keep the furni
ture from fading, and put away the
best dishes. I never should have any
thing decent if I wasn't particular with
what I've got, and that is why I have
to be careful of the best things. I have
got the dining-room fixed to my mind
uow, and I mean to keep it so as long
as I can; we can just as well eat in the
kitchen, when there is nobody here but
ourselves."
Mr. Lane rushed from the house as
soon as had swallowed his unrelished
dinner, leaving his wife to wonder that
he spent so little of his time at home.
"O, Jenny, w hat did you put ou that
pink dress for?"
Mrs. Lane looked up from her work
in consternation, when Jenny came
from her room an hour later.
"Your old calico is plenty good enough
to wear when there is nobody here,
and do you go and take this right off
and hang it away until we have com
pany.' "I won't hurt it any, mother," the
girl replied hesitatingly. "I am sure
we want to look well for ourselves, and
I think father likes to see us fixed up a
little sometimes."
"Nonsense, child. Do as I tell you ;
and dou't you put that on again unless
there is somebody here; it is setting
Fanny a bad example, and I won't en
courage such silly notions."
Days and weeks went by, and the
Summer slipped into Autumn, while
the Lanes were still pursuing the even
tenor of their way, save now and then
when they were jostled aside a little by
the advent of visitors.
But they always fell back on their
old habits, as soon as the company had
gone, shutting up their pleasant roomst
and putting away the prettiest and bes
of everthing to save for company.
It is strange how Mr. Lane could have
been in a pleasant mood when his coffee
was muddy it wasn't worth the while
to make anything nice for one's own
folks when the toast was burned, and
the breakfast table looked so shabby
with its old cracked dishes, it is strange
how he could have been in a pleasant
mood, but he smiled and looked kindly
at his wife one morning, proposing
w hat she loved to hear best of anything
that she should go to a neighboring Til
lage and spend a week with her dear
old friend, Mrs. Darling.
"The girls are so large they can get
along very well without you for a few
days," be said ; "then I will take them
and come after you, so we will all have
a little recreation." 1
The preparations were speedily made,
and Mrs. Lane departed having charged
her daughters to do everything in her
absence just as when she was at home,
to let alone the sauces and sweetmeats,
and all the dainties which she kept for
visitors she had looked to them, and
knew they would be sure and not to use
any of the "company things."
She and Mrs. Darling had been very
dear friends in their girlhood, and, un
like many others, bad kept their mutual
attachment after thev were married.
Tbelr husbands were chums at col
lege ; had begun life at the same time,
and under similar circumstances, and
were now both of them doing a good
and successful business.
Mrs. Darling had two daughters, of
about the same ages as Jenny and Fanny
Lane,and then there were three younger
children, black-eyed, fun-loving boys,
"Nellie is at home," Mrs. Lane had
said to her husband; "for she wrote to
me last week; and I believe I shan't
send her word that I am coming. It
will be so much pleasanter to give her
a surprise."
It was evening when she stepped from
the cars at the end of her journey, and
taking a coach she went at once to her
friend's home.
"The front rooms are lighted," she
exclaimed to herself with some con
sternation as she stopped at the door,
"I should so much rather have found
them alone. Oh, dear !"
"Mrs. Darling opened the door her
self, ushering her friend into the li
brary, and the two exchanged greet
ings with all the warmth of their
youger days.
They were so occupied that Mrs. Lane
quite forgot her first impressions until
she went out to the dining-room to par
take of the tea which Mrs. Darling as
sured her was in waiting.
Then when the cheerful murmur of
happy voices floated out through the
open parlor doors, her first impression
returned to her, and looking up she
said :
"You have company to-night, Nellie?
You must not let me keep you from
them any longer."
'Yes, the best of company," replied
Mrs. Darling with a smile, "my hus
band and children. Fred has just goue
out, though ; but he will be back by the
time you have finished your tea, and
then you shall see them all. Let me fill
your cup again."
;'How odd," thought Mrs. Lane,
"that she should open the parlor just
for her own family."
The evening passed pleasantly; and
In the morning when Mrs. Lane arose,
the air of comfort with which every
bright room in the house seemed full,
was very refreshing
The morning meal was a simple one,
but its tasteful arrangement made it
very inviting, and Mrs. Lane partook
of it with a keener relish than she had
known for many a we,.
Dinner was all ready when Mr. Darl
ing came In from bis office, and as they
sat down to the neatly-laid table in the
shaded dining-room, Mrs. Lane thought
she had never seen a happier circle, or
eaten a better meal, though there was
nothing sumptuous placed before them.
"Nellie," said she, when they were
left alone, "I told you not to go making
company for me. I did not want you
to get out your best dishes, nor put
yurself to the least trouble on my ac
count." "It is exactly what I have not done,
Maria," she replied, "because I never
do it for anybody.
"I never saw any reason why I should
take more pains for a guest than for my
husband and children.
"We occupy the pleasantest room
ourselves, because we feel better when
our surroundings are cheerful, and we
always prepare our food and set our
table carefully and neatly. Our meals
are so much more enjoyable.
"Then I let my company take me just
as I am, sure if they come to see me
they will be satisfied to live as I do."
"Well, if you can afford to use every
thing common and live In style all the
time, you will get along, but we should
come upon the town," said Mrs. Lane,
a little sharply.
An expression of pain flitted across
Mrs. Darling's face when she saw how
her friend had misunderstood her, but
she went on, quietly :
"I did not begin housekeeping in this
way. I used to think that I must shut
up the front of the house and keep the
best of everything sacred to company.
So we occupied the smallest, least plea
sant rooms ourselves, used the plainest
and homeliest things, and even ate our
coarsest food when alone.
"The consequence was we were never
ready to receive company unless in the
most formal way, and then it always
made a great deal of trouble. We never
could appreciate any of those agreeable
surprises when our friends drop in un
announced, and when trying to enter
tain, guests were never so fully at ease
In our strange, unused rooms as really
to enjoy It much.
"I thought the matter over and made
up my mind that this was all wrong.
My dear husband was doing everything
he could to make our home pleasant
and attractive, while I was just keeping
him from enjoying it as he desired by
my miserable ambition to appear well
in the eyes of those who would never
thank me for my pains. I was making
him uncomfortable and worrying out
my life for those who had comparatively
no claims upon me; and besides I was
forced to see myself a wicked hypocrite,
forced to admit that my whole life was
a farce, while I was all the time strain
ing every nerve to make our friends
think we were living in a style which
we were not, and I saw this could not
be right.
"I resolved it should be so no longer.
So I opened the parlor doors and threw
back the shutters, used whatever we
had of furniture or food or clothing as
we needed it for our comfort, and when
oar friends came to visit us, I would
not allow myself to spoil my joy at see
ing them, by doing a lot of extra work
on their account, or worrying mil the
time lest I should leave something un
done that might make them think a
little better of me.
"Of course it seemed odd enough,
and came rather hard at first, but I was
satisfied it was the best way, and so I
kept schooling myself into it till in
little while I wondered bow I ever did
otherwise.
I am always ready for company
now, and always ready to receive my
husband with a smiling face to a plea
sant and orderly home.
"I know he has been a great deal
happier since the first year, and I never
half enjoyed anything then.
"The effect upon our children is
much better than if we taught them it
Is no matter how things are if there are
no visitors, for they learn now how to
behave with propriety at all times, and
how to use those things that are worth
preserving.
I always pity people when I see
them trying to make a little display be
fore their company, pity them for the
thankless labor they are giving them
selves, and for the glimpse of their pri
vate life which Is just opened up to me,
because I am quite sure such folks live
about as it happens when alone."
Mrs. Lane's face had changed ex
pression several times as she listened,
and when her friend ceased speaking
she gazed at a picture on the wall op-
posire ner ior a iuu nan minute in
silence.
"You would be surprised," Mrs.
Darling went on, anticipating her first
objection, "if I should tell you that this
mode of living is a matter of economy,
too, but such is the fact.
"Sou see we set a plain table, and our
food is simple all the time, instead of
getting expensive luxuries for com
pany, and then pinching ourselves in
the vain effort to make it up.
"This makes our table expenses actu
ally less, while we treat ourselves as
well as we do our guests, which is per
fect justice, as you will see.
"Good, substantial furniture will last
a long time with a little care, even
when in constant use, and if our ex
pense in this particular are a little more
than our neighbors who keep every
thing for company, I am sure our
greater happiness much more than com
pensates," stroking little George's head
tenderly as he came up to her with
some childish request.
The subject was dropped here, but in
the few days that Mrs. Lane remained
with her friends, she thought the mat
ter over a great many times.
It was hard for her to realize that she
saw the family just as they always were
In their common everyday life; that
with them there was no such thing as
company manners," or "company
things."
'I enjoyed my visit a great deal bet
ter, though, than if I had made them
turn aside from their beaten track,"
she admitted ; "and I believe they do,
too."
"Wonder if Mr. Lane loves me as Mr.
Darling seems to love his wife?" she
would query; "or if our children think
as much of their father and mother as
their'sdo?"
"llow devoted to each other they all
are; one would think they each re
garded the other members of the family
as the very best of company;" and one
day she even went so far as to ask her
self, "Why shouldn't they?"
Mr. Lane and the girls came at length
to spend the last day of their visit with
her; and when Mrs. Lane saw how
thoroughly they seemed to enjoy it, she
almost reproached herself that such days
were so rare to them.
'Perhaps I might make their home a
little pleasanter for them," she mused.
"I am afraid our meagre life will seem
emptier than ever now."
The two friends were sitting in the
library alone that last night, whither
they had gone for a confidential chat
after the others had retired.
"Nellie," said Mrs. Lane, at length,
"I believe I shall try an improvement
when I get home."
'As you say, it does seem wrong to
treat company so much better than your
own folks, and I am so charmed with
your more excellent way that I mean to
try it myself," and tears came to her
eyes as she thought of the better things
that were in store for her good husband.
The Lanes went home on the follow
ing day, and if they turned back re
luctantly, Mrs. Lane did not wonder,
for she thought she had herself passed
one of the happiest weeks in her whole
life.
She laid her tea table with unusual
care that night saying to the girls that
she could not quite yet bear so strong
a contrast to what she bad been accus
tomed to lately, '! think we will sit in
the parlor to-night," she remarked
when the lamps were lighted ; "we are
so tired, perhaps it will rest us a little."
When Mr. Lane came home to dinner
next day, he was surprised to see the
front door standing invitingly open,
and his astonishment was still greater
as he passed on into the dining-room
and found a tempting dinner waiting
there with plates for only four.
"I thought we would begin to eat
these pickles while they are good this
year," said Mrs. Lane, as she passed
the dish to her husband, "instead of
keeping them to spoil as we did last
year."
"This is such a pudding as .Nellie
makes sometimes," filling Jennie's sau
cer; "Isn't it nice? And it isn't at all
expensive."
'I think, girls," she said, when Mr.
Lane had gone out, wondering in his
heart what had come over his wife, "I
think we won't use those cracked frag
ments of so many different sets of
crockery any more, at least on the ta
ble. I believe the dinner tastes better
when eaten from the white dishes, and
there are enough for ourselves and com
pany, too; we can be a little careful of
them, you know."
Expecting anybody to-night?" que
ried Mr. Lane at tea, glancing at his
wife's fresh dress and nicely combed
hair.
Yes," she replied pleasantly, "I
hoped my husband would spend the
evening with me."
He did not need any urging; and
after that he spent more of his evenings
at home, and seemed to enjoy the so
ciety of bis wife and daughters better
than ever before.
"I am doing as I told you I should,"
Mrs. Lane wrote to her friend, Mrs,
Darling a month afterward, "and it
works charmingly. Mr. Lane seems to
love bis home as well as your husband
does his now, and we are all a thousand
fold happier. I feel as if our friends
enjoy coming to see us a great deal
better than they used to, too. I assure
you we shall never go back to the old
way of living. We are much happier
now than when we thought we must
save everything to show off when com
pany comes."
A French Critic Aaserleaa JLtTlaar
The defects I have pointed out in
your hotel management suggest their
own cure. And to the careful considera
tion of your people I would submit the
following observations: In the first
place, your breakfast Is a mistake. Usu
ally, immediately after you rise from
your beds, you partake of a heavy meal
ol steaks or chops, garnished with po
tatoes, followed by three or four eggs,
and surmounted by hot rolls and buck
wheat cakes. The digestive organs even
of a healthy person are not now in
condition to receive such a meal ; not
till two or three hours after one has
awakened do they recover from the
apathy which sleep produces. In France,
Germany, Italy, in civilized countries
in the East, throughout the West Indies,
among the English, Spanish, and
French Creoles, the law of our nature
is recognized and respected. You may
be less prejudiced against my suggestion
if I furnish you with illustrations from
a colony of Anglo-Saxon origin instead
of French. Let me submit the mode of
living among the white inhabitants of
Barbados, which is similar to that In
most of the Antiles. On rising, a cup
of. coffee and a biscuit, (the equivalent
to the cafe au lait and roll of the French
and Italian.) then a bath; then the
males of the family proceed to their
place of business, usually about 7 A. M.,
and at this hour professionals, mer
chants, and bankers may be found at
their offices; at about ten A. M., a large
portion of their duties for the day are
performed. The letters are read and
answered. So much responsibility is
removed from their minds that they are
now in a fit condition to digest a sub
stantial meal. They now return
home for their breakfast, when they
partake of fish and chop, accompanied
by the inevitable rice, and followed by
fruit, the whole washed down with
claret or bitter ale, and a cup of coffee
or tea after the meal. The next and
last meal for the day is dinner. This
is usually taken between 5 and 7. And
if possible this meal should be taken
after the day's work is over. You will
eventually become a nation of dispeptics
if your men of business will persist in
dining in the midst of their hours of
business, and refuse themselves suf
ficient time to masticate and digest
what they eat. The Galaxy.
The History afa Shall.
Until within a few years past, says
the Elniira Advertiser, there has been
in the possession of a prominent family
down the Chemung river, from Elmira
a few miles, an object that possesses a
history of its own the skull of a human
being. It was put Into a rather strange
usage, as It had been rigged up for a
chipmunk's cage, and set on a bench
near the kitchen-door. Out and in
through the eye-holes ran the little ani
mal, grinnning at the by-standurs from
the mouth, and munching its corn and
nuts while watching from the nose.
Right in the centra of the forehead of
the skull was a small bullet-hole. When
Sullivan's army passed through this
valley, an adopted son of the Indian
corn-planter, named Watt Baldwin, pre
ceded it as a scout, as he was thoroughly
Iosted in Indian warfare and knew the
country as well as he knew his own
door-yard. On the day before the fa
mous battle at Baldwin's creek. Watt
was scouting about the hills between
the army's camp at the foot of Newtown
creek and what is now Wellsburg.
Carefully making his way through the
woods, his quick eye saw the head of
an Indian pop up from behind a log at
a short distance from him. lie placed
himself behind a tree and watched.
When the head came up again he fired,
and there was one less Iudian in the
Chemung valley. Ten or twelye years
after the close of the war, the scout with
his grandson was walking ou the
hills in the vicinity of the occurrence.
"Lotey," he said, "Cornplanter killed
an Indian somewhere about here and
left him." Let us see if we can't find
him. He fouud the tree from the shel
ter of which he had fired, and presently
the log behind which the Indian had
Iain. After some further search and
digging, the bones of the fallen brave
were discovered with the bullet hole in
the centre of his forehead. And out of
the skull was the chipmunk's cage
made.
Lnnl(T Talk.
At first the infant cries, and employs
its vocal organs in the same way as
its limbs, spontaneously and after the
manner of reflex action. Spontan
eously, too, and because it finds plea
sure in being active, the infant later
exercises its limbs, gaining the perfect
use of them by repeated essays, and by
a process of selection. From inarticu
late it thus passes to articulate sounds.
The variety of intonations which it
acquires evinces in the child great de
licacy of impression and of expression;
hence the faculty of forming general
ideas. All we do is to aid it in gras
ping these ideas by suggesting our
words. To these the infant attaches
ideas of its own, generalizing after its
own fashion rather than ours. Some
times it invents not only the meaning
of a word, but the word itself. Sev
eral vocabularies may succeed to one
another in its mind, new words oblite
rating old ones ; several different sig
nifications may successively be at
tached to one word ; several words in
vented by itself are natural gestures ;
in abort, it learns a ready-made lan
guage as a true musician learns coun
terpoint, or as a true poet learns pro
sody ; the child is an original genius,
which adapts itself to a form built up
bit by bit by a succession of original
geniuses. If there existed no language
it would discover one, or find an equi
valent. Popular Science Monthly.
The income of the Texas State gov
ernment U nearly nan a muiion jess
than its expenditures. I
1 Yltallty.
In spite of certain alterations, the ty
pical features peculiar to the houses of
Guise and Lorraine were transmitted to
all their descendants through a long
series of generations. The Bourbon
countenance, the Conde's aquiline nose,
the thick and protruding lower lip be
queathed to the house of Austria by a
Polish princess, are well known in
stances. We have only to look at a coin
of our George III. to be reminded of our
present royal family. During Addison's
short ministry Mrs. Clarke, who solic
ted his favor, had been requested to
bring with her the papers proving that
she was Milton's daughter. But as
soon as she entered his cabinet Addison
said : "Madam, I require no further ev
idence. Your resemblance to your il
lustrious father is the best of all." The
Comte de Pont, who died in 18C7, at
nearly a hundred, told Dr. Froissac that
during the Restoration he often met in
the saluns of M. Desmousseaux de Givrc,
prefect of Arras, a man at whose ap
proach be shuddered as he would at the
sight of an apparition, so wonderfully
was he like Robespierre. M. de Pont
confided his impression to the prefect,
who told him, smiling at his prejudice,
that the person in quest on passed for
Robespierre's natural son ; that in fact,
it was a matter of notoriety.
Next to family likenesses vitality or
the duration of life is the most impor
tant character transmitted by Inheri
tance. The two daughters of Victor
Amadeus II., the Duchess of Burgundy
and her sister, Marie Louise, married to
Philip V., both remarkable for their
beauty, died at twenty-six. In the Tur-
got family fifty years was the usual limit
of life. The great minister, on the ap
proach of that term, although in good
health, remarked to his friends that it
was time to put his afftairs in order ; and
he died, in fact at fifty-three. In the
house of Romanoff the duration of life
is short, independent of the fact that
several of its members met with violent
deaths. The head of this Illustrious
race, Michael Federovitch, died at forty
nine ; Peter the great was scarcely fifty
three. The Empiess Anne died at for
ty-seven ; the tender-hearted Elizabeth
at fifty-one. Of Paul's four sons. Alex
ander died at forty-eight, Constantine
at forty-two, Nicholas-at fifty-nine, and
the Grand Duke Michael at fifty-one.
In the houses of Saxony and Prussia, on
the contrary, examples of longevity are
far from rare. Frederick the Great, in
spite of his continual wars and his fre
quent excesses at table, was seventy-
four; Frederick William III was seven
ty; the Emperor William, in his seventy-ninth
year, is still hale and hearty.
In all the countries of Europe fami
lies of octogenarians, nonogenarians.
and centenarians may be cited. On the
1st of April, 1716, there died in Paris a
saddler ofDoulevant, in Champagne,
more than a hundred years old. To in
spire Louis XIV with the flattering
hope of living as long, he was made,
two years previously, to present that
monarch with a bouquet on St Louis'
day. His father had lived one hundred
and thirteen years, his grandfather one
hundred and twelve. Jean Surrington,
a farmer in the environs of Berghem,
lived to be one hundred and sixty. The
day before his death, in complete pos
session of his mental faculties, he divi
ded his property among his children;
the eldest was one hundred and three,
and, what is still more extraordinary,
the youngest was only nine. Jean Gol-
embiewski (the oldest man In the French
Army, If still alive), who accompanied
King Stanislas Leczinski into France,
belonged to a family centenarians. His
father lived to be one hundred and
twenty-one, bis grandmother one hun
dred and thirty. All the Year J.'iimd.
The Wealth fBlherla.
Jt is needless, says the Paris Temp,
to estimate all the sources of wealth
pertaining to this immense region,
which is at least three times as large
as EuroH; ; unfortunately vry little of
it is available, owing to the scarcity oi
the means of transport. Russia Iras
long been aware of the necessity of
creating routes in order to derive all
the benefit she might expect from her
Asiatic provinces, rich in gold, silver.
platinum, copper, coal, marble, and, in
the South, wheat and rye Great im
provements have already been made in
the navigable rivers, where the boats
are now enabled to go against the
stream by means of steam-tugs, where
as betore they used only to le bnilt for
one trip down the river, and then bro
ken uu for firewood. Still the number
of steam-tugs is very small, and there
is, therefore, no relying upon escaping
the risk of being blocked up by ice for
seven or eight months. The problem
of improving river navigation is a very
difficult one in that country ; the Gov
ernment is willing to provide the funds.
but a feasible plan has not yet been
hit upon. Some engineers propose cut
ting a canal thirty-five miles in length
from the Kel to the Yenessei. so as to
open a direct route irom ijumen to
rtiacuui ity me uui, uie icui, me jciiu-
lin, and the Tell on one side, and the
Angara on the other, as far as Lake
Baikal, and thence by the Selenga to a
point not twenty miles from Kiachta.
Hut this plan would require the widen
ing of seventy-eight narrows, which as
yet none bnt the boats of the natives
can venture to pass. Hence, railways
will have to be executed, where pe
riodical inundations and enormous ac
cumulations of snow will present ob
stacles of a different nature. For the
present there is but one line in con
templation, that of Oural, or Ekathe
riuebunr. which will start at Pern and
end at 'ijumen, with branches into the
several metallurgical centres, such as
Nillii-Iagtiilis, North of Niaski, and
South of it, Zlataouist. Ekatherine
burg is an important centre where the
iron of the Oural is worked, and ame
thyst, rock-crystal and topaz are cut in
establishments belonging to the Empe
ror. A City Oae Ha ad red aad Eighty Thaa
aaad Tears old.
In a current number of the Orertand
a California geologist reviews the ge
ological evidence of the antiquity of a
human settlement near the present
town of Cherokee, in that state, and es
timates the age of that most ancient
of discovered towns to be not less than
180.000 years ! The data for all such
calculations are necessarily uncertain,
as they are derived from the present
motions of the continent and present
rates of erosion ; still, from the changes
that have taken place since the pion
eers ot prehistoric California lett
their traces on ita ancient seashore,
there can be no doubt that thousands
of centuries must have come and
gone.
The traces in question are numerous
raaally Like
stone mortars, found in undisturbed
white and yellow gravel of a subaque
ous formation, not flaviatile, under
lying the vast sheets of volcanic rock,
of which Table Mountain is a part. In
one instance a mortar was found stand
ing upright, with the pestle in it, ap
parently just as it had been left by its
owner, in some cases the mortar
have been found at a depth of forty
feet from the surface of the gravel
underlying 1 able Mountain. 1 he dis
tribution of the mortars is such as to
indicate with great positiveness the
former existence of a human settle
ment on that ancient beach when the
water stood near the level at which
they occur; a time anterior to the vol
canic outpouring which Table Moun
tain records, and anterior to the glacial
epoch.
The recent geological history of that
region may be briefly summed as fol
lows : Previous to the placing of the
mortars in the position in which they
have been found, the early and middle
tertiary sea level had receded to the
position of the coal Ix-ds underlying
Table Mountain, fully one thousand
feet below the level of Cherokee. Sub
sequently, in the pliocene period, there
was a lurtner subsidence of about hi
teen hundred feet, something like six
hundred feet occuring after the mor
tars had been abandoned. All this, as
has been noticed, took place before the
volcanic outflows which covered up all
the ancient detritus of the region, in
cluding that of the ancient rivers
(whose gravels have furnished so much
of the gold of California). The geologi
cal age of the river period was deter
mined by 1.4'squerenx from specimens
of vegetation, now extinct, collected in
the survey of the ancient livers; spe
cimens indicating a flora of the plio
cenn age, retaining some characteristic
miorene forms.
After the volcanic period the land
rose again, the time of emergence em
bracing the glacial period and the new
eroding period in the sierra, during
winch the slates and the hard nieta
morphic greenstones and the granites
were slashed with canons three thou
sand feet deep by the action of ice and
running water, lakingthe rates ol
continental movement determined by
Lyell. our geologist calculate that tht
time required for thechanges thus oat
lined could not have been less than
eighteen hundred centuries. For a
period so long preceding the glacial
epoch as the time when ancient Chero
kee was buried by the waters of the ad
vancing sea, his estimate is certainly
not extravagant, though it does tran
scend so enormously the time men have
been accustomed to allow for a man's
residence ou earth,
A t'hlaese Kellarlaas Praeesslaa.
In its many turnings the path again
led the visitor to the near neigh Itor
hood of the river. More music of the
same kind, but somewhat more solemn
and sonorous, was audible upon the
right. From behind a clump of trees
and ham boos, in which a snug home
stead lay euiliowered, emerged a long
procession. In front came the musi
cians, then several men carrying
staves, men a gayiy-dressed object on
a triumphal chair, and then a body of
men and a very few women; all of
whom together perforce movingalong
the narrow path insinglefile made np
a goodly show. I pon the triumphal
chair was seated, in gorgeous robes of
scarlet, with a tiusel crown and jewels,
a diviuity of wood with a piuk com
plexion, a long black beard, and Aryan
features. Thechair was borne high on
the necks of four stalwart coolies; and
by its side, steadying it as it swayed to
and fro in its passage along the nar
row way, walked with dilticulty.owing
to the narrowness of the path, a grave
citizen of the higher class. Lictors,
bearing stout staves, formed a body
guard. All bearers, lictors. musi
cians wore a peculiar head-dress, a
kind of tall riower-iK't-shaped hat, with
a brim not unlike those seen in illus
trations of the life of ourEnglish Puri
tans. As the procession passed in
front of the homesteads, the inmates
came out and exploded whole strings
of crackers. In front of many houses
small altars were placed, on which
were burning slender scarlet taix-rs,
and little sheaves of incense sticks
placed in censers of brass or earthen
ware. Children were brought out by
their mothers, and taught to render
obeisance to rhin rhin, as the expres
sion in the "Pidgin" dialect is to the
image as it was carried by. The blasts
of music grew louder anil louder, gongs
were sounded, more crackers were ex
ploded, and the procession turned on to
wind about among the fields. Strange
and grotesque as it all was, it still re
minded the spectator of the periodical
outings of St. Spiridione to blew the
vineyards of the olive-groves ef Corfu.
Its meaning was thus explained in
"Pidgin7' by a bystander who had a
slight knowledge of that wonderful
dialect. Thrice a year the divinity is
carried forth in solemn procession,
that sickness may be warded off from
the country. A collection of tumuli
lying in one spot, rather closer together
than was usual, formed quite a hillock
on the unending plain. Thither the
procession wended its way, and on the
summit of the eminence, iu front of a
table beneath an awning, the image
was deposited. -An attendant fired off
four barrels of a quaint petard, volleys
of crackers were exploded, and a lire
was lighted on the ground before the
image. A Itonze with completely
shaven head, then advanced, recited a
long prayer, and scattered bowlfuls of
cooked rice on all sides. Piles of Chi
nese offertory money, made up of gold
and silver paper, were offered np and
burned in the fire. The Bonze rang a
bell and said more prayers; the image
was lilted up in its chair, and the pro
cession moved onward on ita way. A
small temple stood not far off. In its
main ball the divinities were being re
galed with a sumptuous bSnquet. Three
long tables covered with viands
sweetmeats, fruits, vegetables, and the
inevitable roasted pig were stretched
athwart the pavement of the ball. At
the upper enp of each were placed
three images, both male and female, all
bedizened with a tawdry finery of tin
sel and inferior silk. Here w as a veri
table tectiUrnium; on a small provin
cial scale it is true, but perhaps not an
inexact reproduction of the great -f
mm Jru held ages ago in the Roman
Capitol. Crowds of peasants were
standing outside looking on. In the
court in front were piled strange look
ing instruments of music fifes, trum
pets of prodigious length, and gui tars
made of snake-skin. Fortuia h tlu He
new Bra las.
A brain attains its highest utility, as
distinguished from its highest devel
opment, observes a medical contem
porary, when it cannot only absorb
from others and direct its own further
evolutions, but can also organize and
regulate the working of other brains
under its own superintendence andcon
trol. This power it is which enables the
rising merchant or manufacturer to
utilize other brains, either to nse them
for purposes of comparative mental
drudgery, or to perform higher work
nnder the immediate superintendence
of the ruling brain. By such means the
single brain can multiply its work in
definitely by a well selected series of
other brains under its self, a few brains
of comparative high order regulating
the working of numerous brains of a
lower order, which perform the purely
mechanical mental work. Such is the
organization of a first-rate business in
full working order.
Develaaaeeat af the Vlalla.
Three hundred years have not passed
since the violin began to rise from its
original obscurity. When it was in
vented we do not know. Like most
good things, Topsy included, it was
not born ; it "growed." It was gradu
ally developed from some yet undis
covered germ, like, if we are to believe
the Darwinites, the human creature
whom it delights by expressing his
emotions and his sense of audible
beauty with inch unrivaled facility anil
power. It began when the first vibra
ting string was stretched across a reso
nant surface, which answered the dou
ble purpose of sounding board and
support; rude examples of which are
found among the most barbarous peo
ple. This is the beginningof all stringed
instruments; and from this the pro
gress is divergeut in two lines ; one of
which passes through the lyre, the harp.
and the lute, and ends in the piano
forte, theotlierpassing thronghcrowth,
or crowd, and the violas in their vari
ous forms, and ending in the violin and
the violoncello. The distinctive cha
racteristic of the violin family is that
upon them the musical tone is
produced by drawing the bow across
the strings, and the various musical
notes by the pressure of the player's
ungers upon me strings at various in
tervals. It is this direct communica
tion of the performer with the strings,
both iu the production of the musical
vibration and in the stopping, as it is
caueu, oi i ne note, wnicn gives me
instruments of the violin family their
peculiar expressive power and their
unapproachable suieriority. it is the
human touch uimiu the cord which
makes its tone so touching, which gives
that tone its human quality, in which
it is not only without equal, but with
out a rival, it is a kind of direct com
niunication with the soul of man. which
gives the violin, alone among all must
cal instruments, a soul." 1 here is no
emotion which the violin cannot ex
press, from that of the mere conscious
ness of serene happiness, and a sense
of beauty, to that of the profoundeat
and most agitating woe that can dis
turb the human heart. It laughs and
chatters; it weeps and wails and
shrieks and sobs, with the utterance of
a ruined happiness. When Beethoven,
at the end of the funeral march in the
Heroic Symphony, makes the great
instrument, the orchestra upon which
he played with such divine mastery.
sob forth the theme in broken phrases,
it is upon tne violins that he depends
ior tne utterance ot mat grand emo
tion. Modern music would be impos
sible without the violin. The Uahtsy.
Hot Days af the t'eatarr.
The present boiling weather makes
interesting a retrospective glance over
the hot weather our ancestors had to
endure. M r. J. A. u heelock, of Hart
ford, contributes a record of the hot
test days of each year for the past cen
tury, in which it is noted that the heat
of the Centennial year is not without
parallel. In 177b' the wannest day for
the British was July 4, but the IMi ot
August was the warmest day for Con
necticut, thermometer 103 degrees in
the shade. Other days of extreme heat
were July 3, lTUO, 110 degrees ; August
4, 1791, 115 degrees; August 1-1, 17D3,
108. From this no very warm weather
was noted until 188, Julv 4, 107 de
grees. In 1840, July 10, showed 110 de
grees, and the same date in 1807, loo.
The warmest days in the past ten
years were : 1806, August 4, 100 degrees;
1.8H7. July 19, 100; 188, July 7. li;
1809, August 4, 104; 1870, July 17, 13;
1871, May, a). 98; 1873, July 4. KW; 173.
August 9, 10-J; 1874. August 19. 104;
1875, July 6, 15 ; 1870, July 9, 102 ; Sev
eral cool years are noted in which the
temperature did not rise above 100 de
grees, the hottest days being: 1873.
Angust 11. 9S ; 1801, August 4. 96 ; 1811,
August 17, 98 ; 110. August 10, 93 ; 118,
August 35, 98 ; 15, August 19, 90 ; 1X33.
May 30, 99; 1855, August 6, 98; 1871,
.May 30, 98. It will be seen that the
hottest day during the last century oc
curred August 4, 1791, when the mer
cury stood at 115 in the shade. The
coldest summer was that of 110, when
the mercury rose only to 93 in the
shade ; a cool, wet summer, with frost
every month during the year in the
.Northern States. During the past 100
years the highest point of mercury oc
curred only three times in the month
of May, aud the balance in July and
August.
The Miafariaaeaa'a Kaanaa Warn a a
aha Patafaafal sfvirl aader the
Mlote.
A gentleman who has just returned
from Cherokee County, Kan., is full of
remarkable reniiuiscenses of the
grasshoppers infesting that vicinity.
lie will stand around tor an Hour, re
lating the hairbreadth escapes of the
x-ople whom the hoppers have com
pletely overrun, and who are leaving
their homes and fleeing from the fear
ful scourge. One of his most credit
able stories is to the effect tliat, a few
weeks ago. a woman dug np a panful
of dirt in which to plant some flower
seed. She put the pan under the stove,
aud went out to see a neighbor. Upon
her return, after an hour's absence,
she found seven thousand bushels of
grasshoppers generated by the heat
literally eating her out of house and
home. They first attacked the green
shades on the windows, and then a
green painted dustpan. A green Irish
servant gial, asleep in one of the rooms.
was the next victim, and not a vestige
was left. The stove and stovpipe fol
lowed, and then the house was torn
down so they could get at the chimney.
Hoards, joists, beams, plastering, cloth
ing, nails, hinges, door-knobs, plates.
tinware, everything, in fact, the bonse
contained, was eaten up, and when she
arrived within a mile of the place, she
saw two of the largest hoppers sitting
upon end and playing mumble peg
with a carving-knife for which should
have the cellar. St. Louit Globe.
Haaltaa Laeew
In England the manufacture of lace
is carried on chiefly in the counties of
Buckingham, Devonjtnd Bedford. The
work is mostly done by women and
girls at home. The best known of the
band-made laces is the Honiton, so
called from the town of this name in
iHsvunshire. where it was first made.
The high rank held by Honiton lace in
recent years is attributed to the fact
that Queen Victoria, commiserating
the condition of the lace-workers of
Devonshire, and wishing to bring their
manufactures into notice, ordered her
wedding-dress, which cost 1.000. to be
made of this material. Her example
was followed by her two danghters
and the Princess of Wales, and Honi
ton lace has continued to be fashion
able and expensive. In making it, the
designs, which otten consists of sim
ple sprigs, are formed separately, and
then attached to the ground. The
Honiton guipure has an original char
acter, almost unique, and is said to
surpass in richness and perfection any
lace of the same kind made in Bel
gium. British point is an imitation
lace made near London. A ppletont'
A merieam Cycioptrdia.
Children are often spoiled because
they get no credit for what they do
well. Of censure they get their due ;
but of praise, never. They do some
thing which they feel to be praisewor
thy, but it is not noticed. When a child
takes pains to do well, it feels itself
paid for every endeavour by praise and
the most unsophisticated child knows
when praise is due.
NEWS IS B&H7-
Ex-Senator Revels has been elected
President of Alcorn University, Mis
sissippi. The Chinese Navy consists of forty
five ships of war, and the army eon
tains 1,200,000.
A man in Northampton County Pa.
has contracted to ship 75,000 school
slates to Japan.
Ben Franklin is the democratic
candidate for Congress iu the Eighth
Missouri district.
They estimated that the lloosae
tunnel would cost $3,500,000, and of
course it cost $10,000,000.
Poole, the Ixmdon fculor, left a for
tune of $750,000. His business will be
continued under his name.
Ex-Governor Gaston, of Massachu
setts, is president of the New Boston
Post Publishing Company.
Kansas exiiects to export over 20-.
000,000 bushels of wheat this season,
against 12,000,000 last year.
Col. Drum, Sheridan's Adjutant
General, has a war-inspiring name, and
we trust ne win never be beaten.
A boy, twelve years of age, is now
in the Virginia penitentiary. Serving
out a sentence of three years for horse
stealing.
A set of wheels was lately taken
from the baggage-car of the California
and Oregon express train, which had
run oi.mjo miles.
The carriage in which Lafayette
rode at his reception in Baltimore in
1824 is still in daily use in that citv. in
a good state of preservation.
The famous firm of Harper .
Brothers has changed its title to Harper
Brothers t o. r leteher Harper is the
only original "brother" left.
Davenport, Iowa, celebrated the
Centennial Fourth regardless of ex
pense, ami had just $31 left in the city
treasury when she got through.
The Supreme Court of California
recently examined thirteen students
who applied for admission to the Bar.
and refused to admit any of them.
The Boston ladies paid $3,500 for
the Old South t'hiirch. This motto is
prepared for the famous edifice : "The
Meu of 10 lite women of 1870.
Six and a half million of dollars
was the sum in round numbers raised
last year for all purHses by the three
great Prcsbvteriau bodies of Scotland.
Parker rillsburv, of anti-slavery
fame, and now nearly seventy years
old, has just celebrated the ninety-first
birthday ol his mother, at llcnuiker,
N. 11.
President Pierce did not make a
change in his Cabinet while he was
President. Grant, in seven years, has
made tweuty-six, au average of four to
each office.
Georgia has some 40 cotton mills.
which in nearly every instance paid a
dividend during the past year, while
many New England mills were run
ning at a loss.
The great Atlantic cotton mills at
Lawrence, Mass., will probably resume
work by September, reorganized. The
company's property is taxed on a valu
ation ol fl,oOO,000.
Mr. J. H. Ring is said to have filled
the longest consecutive engagement of
any actor iu America, having played
continuously in the Boston Museum
since August !, 18o3.
lacob Harness killed Isaac White
in Anderson County, Tenn,, in 183,
and after a lapse of thirteen years, he
has been sentenced to be hangod on the
first of September next.
A fishing schooner at Caie Eliza
beth, Me., took in her seine at one haul
the other day 900 barrels of mackerel .
She could only hold 3t)0 barrels, and
had to give the other 000 away.
The American Medical Association
n 1 hiladelphia admitted lr. barali
Hackett Stevenson, of Chicago, as a
member. Mrs. Stevenson is the first
lady member admitted to the associa
tion. In Ireland ouly 0S.75S persons out
of 5,409,435 own any land at all, and of
these, only J2.M4 have more than an
acre, the remainder owning among
them all ouly 9,005 acres, chiefly house
projieriy.
The Staiidish Monument Associa
tion propose to erect titty feet of the
shaft of the monument at Duxbury,
Massachusetts, this summer. When
finished the shalt will bu eighty-five
feet high.
The largest neirativi; ever produced
by means of photography was recently
exhibited in San Francisco. It was
about three lect long and two feet wide
and the perfected apparatus cost the
inventor over $12,000.
A Presbyterian minister, formerly
of Pittsburgh, acted recently as umpire
n a game ot base ball at M. 1 aul. His
congregation very foolishly took oflense
at it, but it has not transpire. I that they
have decided as yet to lay the ease be
fore the presbytery.
Prof. Marsh, of Yale College, has
contracted with lr. Field of Spring
field, Mass. for the use of certain lauds
near that city, and has workmen at
work engaged in quarrying out "bird
tracks," some excellent specimens of
which have been secure I.
One Frank Bartlett climbed to the
top of the flag-staff on the State House
dome, at Hartford, Conn., the other
day, causing $100 to change hands in
bets. The staff is 54 feet high painted
and very smooth. He had no "creep
ers," but was allowed halliards.
The fall of the railway susiensioii
bridge over the Niagara river, just be
low the falls, is predicted by the Buf
falo express. Its theory is that iron
which is suspended either vertically or
horizontally becomes granulated and
brittle, and tends to break when set in
vibration.
The Iondou Echo prints the names
of 30 or 40 members of Parliament who
have declared their purpose to visit
Philadelphia after the adjournment.
The list embraces the names of some of
the most eminent men in the kingdom,
and they will no doubt receive a cor
dial welcome.
The oil region of Pennsylvania has
dropped out of general notice, but that
business there is steadily prosecuted is
shown by the fact that 195 wells were
bored in June. The average daily
yield of these new wells wasabout four
teen barrels apiece, and twenty-seven
were completely dry.
A horseman passed through Lafay
ette Mo., the other day, and on his way
from Texas to Michigan. He was
mounted on a mustang, which had car
ried him all the way, 1,500 miles, with
nothing to eat except what it picked up
along the roadside. The man's entire
baggage consisted of a blanket and a
lariat.
Colonel J. II. Rion, of Winnsboro,
Ala., has the diploma given John C.
Calhoun by the faculty of Yale College
certifying that he obtained the degree
of LL. D. from that institution. The
diploma is dated the 10th of September,
1822, and is signed by Jeremiah Day,
President of "i ale College, and Elisba
Goodrich, Secretary.
1$
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