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I 4 . A It J.
. 7 S . :
ii ij if sir ;
B. F. 6CHWEIER, : ' - . ; - IHI C05STITDTI0H THB BBIQH AHD IB! KSVOBOmST Of f HI LAWS. i ' , t . ; , . ... . ' ; -Ju . Editor and Proprietor.
TQL; XXX: r-yr- ; . MITFLI : ! . NO. 9.
TWO BT TWO.7
Cp and down this gladsome world we wander.
; Two by two;
S ee its sights, and learn its trntha to ponder,
Twobytwo;
Smiling lads and winaome lassies stand "
In life's rosy portals hand in band. ' ' '
As soon as we can walk, ' John takes the road
To some Mary's ever-bright abode ; -And
prattling Kary molds, of plastic day.
Bare pies for Johnny, as they steal away.
: . Twobytwo. . '. ,-,
Noah filled the ark. onto his foresight giren,
1 Twobytwo; '
And since Che- flood, hare peoples its -owa
heaven, ''!. x
'Twobytwo; i
The Maudes and Charleys carved on birchen
bark. . '..... .
Tell ns where lover strayed within the park:
Adown the lake at Summer's eventide.
Oft times ws see two mimic shadows glide: . .
And tell-tale cnrtains tautalice onr sight , .. ,
With forms of sweethearts, courting by dun
Es-bt, , .
' ' Twobytwo.
... . t . I.-. . .
Youth and age, aH seek enchanted Aidens.
- ,. Two by two j ; : ,
Marriagb laws bind willing men and maidens,
.' Twobytwo; :' , 'j
Two eyes to failings then should e'er be blind :
Two ears should hear bat gentle words and
kind; - i ' ' a :'. 3
Two hands be glad to work another's will-; .
Two feet be patient other needs to fill ;
Two people thus, earth's happiest race will
- , r " ' ? tl If
Two hearts, united thus, will be as one, '
Kot tww by two.
The Victory.
it;
"Howard!" and the voice wag. low
and tender which (spoke; but the hoy
nerer heeded, and the soft fingers flatt
ing nw ieu no answering pressure.
"Oh brother," went on the same en
treating to es, "do not give up so, as if
there were no hope left; there 8 many
and many a thing you can do yet ; only
think, -dearest, how much .worse it
might have been; only think if you
had been
But she could not finish the sentence.
"It would have been better, Ethel."
he answered, passionately, his voice
hoarse and broken. "Better, far better,
that I had died, than live only to drag
out a miserable existence, a burden to
every one and myself." "
"Xo burden, Howard," sobbed the
girL ."Oh, no! How can you say that,
when we love you so dearly? It would
have "broken 'mamma's heart to part
with you- O brother!. Think what it
is to have the sweet privilege of still
exchanging acts and thoughts of love."
His heart was softened; tears filled
the large hazel eyes and he flung his
arms about her neck and silently kissed
her cheek. For a while each was busily
thinking; then the sister rose to go.
"I cannot stay longer, Howard," she
said, regretfully. "It is time to make
the tea;" then, as she bent to give him
her good night caress, she fondly whis
pered, "Remember, dearest, 'they also
serve who only stand and wait. " ,
"Dear Ethel !" mused the boy, when
she had gone, "what a brave, loving
spirit she has! Xo, 1 will not despair;
for her sake and mamma's 1 will achieve
something."
And he lay still Jhere in the qniet
twilight, his large eyes looking out into
the shadows, and his mind bu.-y, plan
ning for the future, until his. thoughts
took aliller?st turn, and strayed buck
over his infancy and happy boyhood,
down to the , first great sorrow, bis
father's death, and on to the accident a
week before, which had made him a
cripple for life.-. .
He was Tiot what was called hand
some Howard Lee though tall and
well-formed.- There was nothing lu
his face or manner' to strike the tran
sient beholder; his was one of those
natures with which there must be soul
union ia order to.kuow its true: worth.
His love, where he did love, was in
tense, over-leaping all obstacles, and
the whole devotion and ardor of his
wealthy heart ' was centered in " bis
mother and sister. . He was gifted, too,
though as yet be scarcely knew it, and
all his high resolves and aspirations
met with a keen shock when he heard
that henceforth his. vision would be
bounded by that little room. But Ethel's
words sank deep into his mind. He was
fifteen ; the next five years he could de
vote to preparatory study. Mr. .Weston,
who had been his staunch, tried friend,
would 6upply him with books from his
library. What might he not do in five
years? And then and then!
Mrs. Lee was not rich, as might be
seen by the room, the only article of
lnxury in which was the sofa on which
Howard was lying. Still, there was
no sign of poverty ; the carpet and cur
tains were warm, if not expensive, and
all the furniture was in keeping. But
constant industry was needed to sup
port the household in comfort. Mother
and daughter kept a little millinery es
tablishment in a suburban village; the
family was respected and wished well
by all ; and not only this, but every oue
knew that whatever was bought at Mrs.
Lee's would really be worth the price.
Howard, who wrote a good hand, bad
been employed as copyist in a lawyer's
office, in London ; so that each member
of the little group had been happily
and cheerfully occupied, until this mis
fortune cast a cloud over their sky. -r t j
It was morning a clear", cold, "De
cember morning, and Ethel had just
cleared away the breakfastthings, and
arranged Howard's room, which was
now nsed as the fitting-room, and was
preparing i to aUVdown to her work,
when a brisk step sounded on the walk,
and, in a moment, some oue. knocked at
the door. . J -.'" -
"O Howard !" said Ethel, archly, as
she opened it, "here's another of these
interminable visits, don't you wish' it
was over?"
"I only wish it could, er Intermina
ble," said Howard, as he extended his
hand for Mr. Weston's friendly grasp;
and a smile, the gayest that had been
seen on his face for days, chased across
his face.' -
Mr. Weston was a widower; his wife
had died many years before, and it was
not long ere his only child followed
her. People suspected that he had met
with reverses of fortune, but he never
hinted it, and none could tell; all they
knew was that he was extremely simple
in his habits, and books were the only
luxury he Indulged jn. It has been al
ready Raid that he had i ' Sue 'library.
But, however it might be, neither pov
erty or grief had had powee to contract
the gentle heart that found its. delight
in doing good to. others although he
felt, as keenly as any could, the blight
that rested on all the fair promises of j
its own life. To none was he more at-'
tached than to Howard Lee, and his
affection was fully returned by the
warm-hearted boy, aud the feeling of
sorrow and disappointed hope was
hardly less keen to him than to the
sunerer.
He bju? Wn ifMnt Tap itinnth antT
this was the first time since thJ lapfhouse of Courtney t Co.," wa' coming
aiter tne acciuent, uiat ne naa seen
Howard, who was now eagerly pouring '
Into his attentive ear bis plan for studying-
;
"To be sure, my dear boy, to be sure,"
was his ready .response, when he bad
concluded. "And I will DrODOse some
thing more Howard, which you have
not inougnior. - l snouiu line to -come
and give you some little assistance my
self. Xow, no thanks," he continued,
smiling, as he noted the look of de
lighted surprise that beamed in the
earnest eyes gazing into his own. "It
will be as great a pleasure to me as to
you." ' - i ' !f
So, with Mrs. Howard's consent
consent how willingly given I it was
tnus arranged that Howard should
study with Mr. Weston, a few hours
every morning. Ah, me! that little
room where the young cripple lay,
what sweetly mournful memories clus
tered around it in after years ! ;
Thus five years passed tranquilly
away, and it was not until the fifth that
Howard revealed to his friend his long-
cnensnea scneme oi becoming an au
thor, begging him to keep the knowl
edge sacred.
Mr. Weston was deliehted: He bad
far less tear than the trembling aspirant
that he would be successful, aud readilv
proffered his aid in the laborious task of
writing and correcting. So the two
worked steadily on, While Ethel and-
ner mother little dreamed of the ambi
tious scheme entertained by those so
near them. , -"
Though Howard had the general plan
and scope of bis work already sketched,
it took two years to finish it for the
publishers. How hard it was to appear
indifferent during the time its accept
ance was pending he onlv knew ; but
he went bravely through the ordeal. If
it should not succeed, he asked himself
again and again, what was the use of
all these long vears of study ? But ah !
if it should if it should ! What a happy
competence it would provide for them
all, releasing his dear ones from all toil
and caret ,. ; ; " ' ; !: : i
And there were other and nearer
considerations that increased his anx
iety. ' Howard ' knew, although his
mother tried to conceal it, that she was
greatly straitened for want of means.
The summer had been an excessively
hot one. Day after day the scorching
sunlight fell on the parched earth, but
the bright beams brought no joy to the
hearts that were palpitating with hope
for a shower. Xo balmy wind brought
relief to the fevered brow of Ethel, as
she tossed on her little bed, her whole
frame wasting away under the fever
that burned in her veins; her thoughts
wandering back unconsciously to other
days.
Poor Mrs. Lee forgot, her perplexity
about the want that Impended In attend"
ing her darling; in watching, with
trembling hope and fear, each beat of
the fluttering pulse, each gasping, pain
ful breath. , Long seemed the contest
between life and death ; but youth and
vigor conquered at last; and one bright,
beautiful morning, after, weary days
and nights of tears and watching, Mrs.
Lee came into Howard's room, her eyes
dim, and her voice tremulous with joy,
to tell him that Ethel was pronounced
out of danger.
"Oh, we should not repine at any
thing when we have our darling; re
stored to us !" she whispered. "E very
thing else will come riirht in time; but.
oh ! 11 she had goLe, there would have
been no joy lelt."
She had just closed the door when
Howard heard a quick step- in the hall,
which he well .knew, and his -breath
came and went hurriedly as Mr. Weston
entered. Ila could not trust hlniMlf to
speak; but He glance at his friend's
face; flushed with ' Joy, revealed the
truth, nd a fervent "exclamation of
thankfulness burst from his full heart.
"Thev hae sent a sum of money in
advance," said Mr. Weston, as he turned
to depart- I cannot stay any longer,
but d ar Howard, no one rejoices more
at yo r success than I do.' - i
Iloward caught tils nana, and Dowed
his head over it and Mr. Weston felt
the teais that would not be restrained
fall upon it. ; "
Mrs. Iee was surprised at her son's
emotion as she looked in to bid nun
"good-night."
"Stay one moment, mother, he en
treated, "I have something to tell you.
I know you are troubled about money
for the rent and the things you have
needed for Ethel's illness. Take this
and use it as you will ; it is a little gift
Irora me."
She looked astonished.''.- : ;:
Ask no questions now dear mother,"
he said, gaily; believe me, you shall
know all soou. , And remember - the
promise I once made, that though my
life was a narrowed, it should not be a
useless e .stence. '
Ah ! what a pleasure it was to be able
to supply the little delicacies so grateful
to tne Hivana ; to see tne nappy iook oi
contented peace come back to bis
mother's eyes; to feel that, but for him,
a relapse might have carried the one so
dear away from their yearning hearts
to know that it was his work. It was
worth a lifetime of pain to have reached
that hour. . ; , ' .
Slowly, at first, the bloom of health
returned to Ethel's cheek, its sparkle to
her eye, its elasticity to her frame; but,
after a few weeks, she grew rapidly
better; and when, on a lovely evening
towards the middle of August, Mr.
Weston walked down to the cottage, he
thought he had scarcely ever seen her
look so blooming. He had brought a
new book, he said; and the little group
gathered around to bear him read it.
Hour after hour stole ou unnoticed,
wliile they listened, eutrancedy to the
glowing thoughts that sprung fresh
From the hearty of the author a heart
beatlnir'warm and tender towards his
fellow-battler' In the 'great contest of
life, urging-them ever not to despair,
not to yield to doubt, to rembember that
the promise is to him. that "over-com-
eth." Lavish were, the praises bestowed
on it ly the listeners, though Ethel
wondered blightly why Howard should
be so 6ilent- ; . i . 2
When their exclamations of delight
had subsided, Mr. Waston -said, half
smiling-'Terliaps" you would like to
know the name oi tne writer."
"Oh, yes, indeed !" said Ethel eagerly.
"He does not live far from you," was
the repivi "Can you not guess " '
But he was interrupted ; she catight
the glance of hej brother's eye: some
thing Jn it told her the tale, and she
sprang to his side with a glad cry. Her
mother pressed lorward anu caugni nun
to her heart, while their tears mingled.
It was long ere the happy trio sepa
rated, but at length Mrs. Lee, fearing
the effect of such excitement on his
delicate frame, drew the reluctant Ethel
away that he might" aet: a Httle repose.
As she drew the curtain to shade his
eyes, she said, "Yoo have worked too
hard, I am afraid, dear Howard; you
are looking pale and thin ; try and rest
awhile." Then, aa she looked back
from the door at the f:ice lying with
closed eves on the pillows she mur
mured with a fear she lid not wholly
admit, to herself "My blessed Howard,
heaven grant him to us a little longer."
Five weeks had flown by and the little,
household had settled back to something;
of its usual calm when they were startled
by the arrival or a letter, saying mat
Mr. Courtney, of the great publishing,
uowbwuiciuui"' iu"u,"''""vi
and had thought it better to have a per
sonal Interview with Howard, regard
ing a new edition of his work. So one
evening be alighted at the village inn.
and the next morning walked over to
airs, iee-a. ' -
He was refined and talented, and they
were all captivated; be, on bis part,
seemed no less pleased, and bis visits
became more and more frequent. In
deed, the villagers began to bint that
there was an attraction more powerful
than Howard's presence at the cottage,
and that when, after a prolonged stay,
he at last departed, the pretty Ethel's
heart went away with him. They must
have been right, for there was so much
busy preparation ; and . when be re
turned there was a quiet wedding, and
the timid, blushing Ethel was the bride.
Of all the happy hearts, assembled on
that bright spring morning, none beat
more joyously or thankfully than he
who gave away the bride Mr. Weston.
He lingered, after the guests had de
parted, to say a few parting words, and
it was not till after the bridal party bad
gone that HowarJ saw a packet directed
to bis mother In his friend's well-known
hand-writing. He called her attention
to it. When opened it was found, to
contain a deed, made out in Mrs. Lee's
name, of the home that had sheltered
them so long. The letter went on to,
say that he had unexpectedly fallen heir
to a large fortune, and he hoped that
they would accept this alight token of
nis . friendship, it would nave Deen
unkind to refuse, and they gladly re
ceived it . . . , .
So the mother and son lived on in the
old home, Howard from time to time
seuding forth a volume from his retreat
and she finding her happiness in his.
Every summer Ethel and her little ones
spent with them; and their grand
mother could hardly be blamed for be
ing a little partial to one fair boy whose
dark eyes and 'auburn balr were the
very hue of bis namesake's.
But the tenth summer brought with
it the sad knowledge that the life so
prized was drawing to a close.- Howard
was dying. It was on a summer even
ing that lie died, just at sunset; the
fading light streamed through the win
dow, resting like a halo of glory on the
calm face, losing itself in bis wealth of
auburn hair, creeping tenderly around
those kneeling beside the bed, falling
warm and bright over the- quaint old
Bible lying open near.- .?.,!
Mother and son were not long parted J
A few short months and the hearts that
clung so fondly to each other -were to
gether evermore. :
Life Leafftheaed.
Dr. Hall in his excellent Journal of
Health, gives the following sensible and
suggestive rules under the above bead
ing: - ....
1. Cultivate an equal temper; many
have fallen dead rn a fit of passion.
3. Eat regularly, not over thrice a
day, and nothing between meals.
3. Go to bed at regular hours; get up
as soon as you wake of yourself, aud do
not sleep in the day-time at least not
longer than ten minutes before noon.
4. Work always by the day, and not
by the job.
5. Stop working before you are very
much tired before you are "fagged
out."
6. Cultivate a generous and accommo
dating temper.. , ;:n
7. Xever cross a bridge before you
come to it; this will, save you half the
troubles of life. ... .
8. Xever eat when you are not hun
gry, nor drink . when you are not
thirsty. ..... ...
9. Let your appetite always come un-.
invited., f.t ...i.f' i i
10. Cool off in a place greatly warmer
than the one in which- you have been
exercising. This simple rule would
prevent incalculable sickness and save
millions of lives. every year. ,"'
.11. Sever resist call of nature for a
single moment.
12. Never allow yourself to be chilled
through and through ; it is this which
destroys so many every year, In a few
days' sickness, from pneumonia called
by some lung fever or incarnation of
the lungs.
13. Whoever drinks no liquids at meals
will add years of pleasurable existence
to his life. Of cold or warm drinks the
former Is the most pernicious. Drink
ing at meals induces persons to eat more
than they otherwise would, as any one
can verify by experiment; and it Js an.
excess oi eating which devastates the
land with sickness, guttering and death.
14. After fifty years of age,' if not a
day laoorer, and sedentary persons at
forty, should eat but twice a day in the
morning and about ' four in the after
noon ; for every organ without adequate
rest will "give out" prematurely.
Venua Wives.
The cnlinary art forma of a part of
IUQ OUUHUUD Ul ,Ut3 WUIUCU 111 UOIUIA-
ny. The well-to-do tradesman, like
the mechanic, takes pride in seeing his
daughters good housekeepers. To ef
fect this object, the girl on leaving
school, which she does about fourteen
years of age, icoe through the cere
mony of confirmation, and then is
placed by ber parents with a country
gentleman, or in a large family, where
she remains one or two years, filling
what may almost be termed the post
of servant, and doing the work of one.
This is looked upon as an apprentice
ship to domestic economy. ' Sue differs
from a servant, however, in this she
receives no wages; on the contrary,
her parents often pay for the care ta
ken of her, as well as ber clothing. ,
This is the first step in ber education
as housekeeper. She next passes, On
the same condition, into the kitchen of
a rich, private family,' or into that of a
hotel of good repute. Here she has
control of the expenditures of the ser
vants employed in it, and assists per
sonally in the cooking,: bat is always
addressed as franlein, or miss, and is
treated by the family with deference
and consideration. Many daughters
of rich families receive similar train"
ing, with this difference, however, that
they receive it in a princely mansion,
or a royal residence. . Tnere is a reign'
ing queen in Germany at the present
time, who was trained in this way.
Consequently, the women in Germany
are perfect models of economy. ' -
.:: i r i Ta ? : no v ,u .
A writer in the Xet;A York Times de
scribing the operations of a professional
tattooer relates that the "artist" said to
him that he most frequently put upon
sailors the crucifixion very ofteo. '.Reli
gion don't make much, difference, and
it is on as many men that are not Catho
lics as are. The reason is this, that, as
there is a good deal of trading with the
West Indies and South America, should
a sailor die with the crosss upon him,
be would be sure of having Christian
burial. I remembertwo sailors, in a fri-
fate 1 was serving oa, asdied In Oallao.
he one as was a Romanist hadn't no
cross on him, and the other as wasn't of
no religion at all had the crucifixion on
him. The people -on shore wouldn't
have the Catholic buried in the regular
cemetry, for we bad to put bim in the
sand on the beach, while the other man
that bad the mark ' of the cross on him
they took all kinds of pains with. I
have 'known In a hospital in South
America ft man with the crucifixion oa.
Tiim nursed' first-rate,' when another
man was neglected who belonged to
thslr religion.
thru Ue Fas.
(Tianalated from the Pvralmm. by Dod Orlls, ia
-una fu-j
An author wbo bad wrought a book
of Fables (the merit whereof trans
cended - expression) , was I peacefully
sleeping atop of the modest eminence
to which he tad attained, when be was
rudely awakened by a throng of critics,
emitting adverse judgment upon - the
tales ne Dad Duuaed. - -
"Apparently," said be, "I have been
guilty or some small grains or uncon
sidered wisdom, and the same have
proven a bitterness to these excellent
folk the which they will not abide,
Ah! well, those who produced the
Strasbourg pate and the feather-pillow
are prone to regard a as rival creators.
I presume it is in course of nature for
him who grows the pen to censure the
manner or its use." -
So speaking he executed a smile a
hand's-breadth In extent, and resumed
bis airy dream of dropping ducats. , ,
Moral: , As above.,.
" What have you there on your back I
said a zebra, jeeringly, to a ship of the
oesert in oanast. ...
"Only a bale of gridirons," was the
meek reply. .
"And what, pray, may you design
doing with them ?" was the Incredulous
rejoinder. 1
"What am I going to do with grid
Irons?" repeated the camel, contemptu
ously. "Au question for yow who
have evidently come oft one I ' ,
People who wish to throw' stones
should not live in glass bouses; but
tnere ought to be a lew in their vicinity.
.- .i .- i ia.. . --
A man pursued by a lion was about
stepping into a place of safety, when he
Detnougnt mm or tne power or the hu
man eye; and, turning about, he- fixed
upon bis pursuer a steady look of stern
reproof. The raging beast immedlatelv
moderated his rate per hour, and finally
came to a oeaa nait wttnin a yard ot tne
man's nose. After making a leisurely
survey of blm, be extended his neck
and bit off a small section of the vic
tim's thigh. i .
"Beard of Arimanes?" roared the
man; "have you no respect for the
Human Eye?"-. ' -1 v
."I hold the human eye in profound
isteem," replied the lion, "and I con
fess its power. It assists digestion If
uiKeu jusi Deiore a meai. ' rsut i aon (
understand why you should have two
and i none." .! .. '
ith that he raised his foot, un
sheathed his claws, and transferred one
or the gentleman's visual organs to his
own mouth. ,i-t.
"Xow,?" continued he, "during the
brief remainder of a squandered exist
ence, your lion-quelling power being
more highly concentrated, will be more
easily managed."
He then devoured the remnant of his
victim, including the other eye. '
This tale seems to imply ihe falsity
of certain accepted beliefs. It is, there
fore, insulting. Tratulator. '!,"
'. ." ":.." iv- ,
An ant laden with a grain of corn,
which he had acquired with infinite
toil, was breasting a current of bis
fellows, each of whom, as is the eti
quette, insisted upon stopping him,
feeling him all over, and shaking hands.
It occurred to bim that an excess of
ceremony is an abuse of courtesy. So
he laid down his burden, sat upon it,
folded all his legs tight to bis body, and
smiled a smile of great grimness.
"Hullo! What's the matter 'with
you ?" exclaimed the first insect whose
overtures were declined. .
"Sick of the hollow conventionalities
of a rotten civilization," was the rasp
ing reply. "Relapsed into the honest
simplicity of primitive observances. Go
to grass!' ' "'".'
1 "Ah ! then we must trouble you for
that corn. In a condition of. primitive
simplicity there are no rights of prop
erty, you know. , These are-'hollow
conventionalities.'" , . . t.
A light dawned upon the intellect f
that primrose. . He shook the reefs out
of his legs; be scratched the reverse of
his ear; be grappled that cereal, and
trotted away like a giant refreshed. . It
was observed that he submitted with a
wealth of patience to manipulation' by
bis friends and neighbors, .and went
some distance out of his way to shake
bands with strangers on competing
lines of traffic. .j-4-v ;..'ri -
Xevertheless, this fable does nol teach
that social observances are always or
even commonly grounded . in -good
sense. If It did, that, would make it
true. ....... - , -
,' : Y. r.r-j .
A snake who had lain torpid all win
ter in his hole took advantage of. the
first warm day to limber up for the
spring campaign. Having tied himself
into an intricate knot, he was so over
come Jy the warmth of bis own body
that be fell asleep, and did not wake
until nightfall. - In the darkness be was
unable to find his hesd or bis tail, and
so could not disentangle and slide Into
his hole. Per consequence, be froze to
death. "
Many a suitable philosopher has failed
to solve, that knotty problem, himself,
owing to his Inability to discern his be
ginning and bis end. - - , ; ' -
, , : - - . i
,i Teaeblag. Cklldrea t Talk. ,
In the vocabulary of educated and
highly cultivated people, the number of
words in ordinary use ranges from
2,000' to ' S,000, and, in rare cases, to
4,000 words. The ignorant require but
a few hundreds to express all they have
to say, aud as they rise in the scale of
culture, they add constantly to their
vocabulary new terms to express new
ideas. .. .. .i t t ... .
When one who by much study, vsri
ous readings, and many turnings of the
lexicon has acquired a fair knowledge
of his mother tongue,- and, with this in
mind, takes "up bis little four-year-old
and -begins to teach him the rudiments
of the language, it, does seem that the
youngster has entered on a long and
weary way. Through how many hours
of slow plodding in primer and reader,
in speller and definer, must he pass, and
how many books must be read, before
the words to which be has-been thus
introduced will have lively and ready
meaning for bim, and before he will at
tain sufficient mental development to
comprehend them! It is not desirable
that the labor of acquisition should be
entirely relieved,' that Ui child should
ome into the Inheritance of a noble and
beautiful language without any effort
of his own, for this .very effort U essen
tial to his intellectual "growth... Xever
theless, if his parents and teachers shall
manage judiciously , the little student
may be spared a large share of the labor
ordinarily involved, and occupy him
self, instead, with the pleasant gather
ing of spoils in fields already near. The
narrow routine of school life permits
pupils to learn little more than the
rudiments of expression merely the
names' and uses of tools, not skill in
using them. This they can acquire
only by free conversation at home and
in society. If they bear In constant and
appropriate use front: their elders the
bard words they spell and - define at
school, unconsciously these words will
psss Into the texture of their thoughts
and on fitting occasions drop from their
The rssls) er
tongues. Xay, more than this: if they
are accustomed to hearing tne nest inn
- . I .!. nl n La
they will be prepared, by a , partial
familiarity with the higher forms of ex
pression, to execute their tasks at school
with a readiness snd success that other
wise they could not possibly command.
Every discerning teacher can see in tne
pupil just the grade and amount of in
telligence in . the borne of which the
pupil it the representative, and in
ninety nine cases oat of every hundred
It will be found that the premium
scholar comes from the refined and cul
tivated household, and that the parent
tar more than the teacher deserves the
credit for the honor his child has won.
Long before children understand the
technical meaning of a vast number of
words, they can gather from the man
ner in which they are used a tolerably
correct Idea of their significance, so that
a child of ten, who might not be able to
define the words used In conversation
by his elders In the social circle, would
yet - gather from that conversation
great many ideas, vague in ft degree.
but ever growing clearer and more de
finite, until, by and by, be would with
out effort express them In the phrase he
has been accustomed to hear, t or this
reason it Is an admirable plan to permit
children to be silent listeners at - the
table and In the parlor when guests are
present and intelligent conversation is
going on- : , 1,1..;,-.! a .1;
Inquisitiveness is so marked a char
acteristic of mental activity in a child
that, with the slightest encouragement
In that direction, the little one will be
gin at a very early, age, to ask the mean
ing of words. Every question of, this
sort snouid be answered In such a way
as to invite unlimited recurrence of such
reachings out toward knowledge. As
has been already intimated, the more
familiar a child can . be made with the
sound and meaning of words it , is to
meet and wrestle With in the speller snd
reader, the easier will be Its conquest
of the drudgery which makes the first
years of school life so' monotonous and
wearisome. A very good method of in
troduciug children to an acquaintance
wltn the nnest expression Is to take
some story, as the. Lady of the Lake, or
Evangeline, and, choosing one or two
stanzas at a time, read it over to the child,
explaining the meaning of the words
used, and . then, in the simplest lau
guage, giving a free translation. In
this way many of the poems of Milton
and Scott and the plays of Shakespeare
may be made to afford infinite pleasure
and instruction to children scarcely able
to read, and a taste may be formed, even
in childhood, for the higher styles of
literature. Ihis taste, once formed, it
will be easy enough to develop and con-
nrm. .it is not desirable that children
should talk like "grown folks," but
nothing else than good can come to them
from bearing : their 1 .mother-tongue
spoken with perfect pronunciation, with
grammatical purity, with an exact and
nice use of the meaning of words.
Cicero says that the finest of the Roman
orators learned to speak the Latin tongue
In their cradles, from their mothers, and
that they were so instructed from In
fancy in the arts of perfect pronuncia
tion and . elegant utterance that - in
maturity they had nothing to unlearn,
and could by no lapses fall into vulgar
or Incorrect expression. -
He rddiw.
The students in one of our colleges
being frequently annoyed by the noc
turnal and inquisitorial visits of a Pro
fessor, wbo suspected them of playing
cards, one evening prepared a kettle of
mush, otherwise called hasty pudding,
and by the time it was boiled, had seated
themselves around the table in the atti
tude of card-playing, waiting patiently
for the well-known step of the Profes
sor. It was no sooner heard than a
large outside pocket of one of tiiem was
forthwith filled with hot hasty pudding
and all were seated as before. As soon
as the professor had opened the door,
the student who was loaded with the
mush, made a sudden sweep over the
table with his band, as if to gather, up
the cards, and "with another motion,
apparently put them Into the pocket
containing the mush. These move
ments could not help being noticed, as
they were intended to be, by the Pro
fessor, who, considering them as a
pretty strong evidence of guilt, broke
out with the following: '
"Well, young gentlemen, I've caught
you at It at last, have I ?"
"Why, yes, sir; we are all here."
"So I see you are, and you have been
playing cards, too." '
"Xo, sir, It's not so." '
"It isn't, ba? What have you got in
your pocket, young man ?"
"Hot hasty pudding, sir."
"Hot hasty pudding, ha? Hasty pud
ding, hsve you? I'll hasty pudding
you," said the Professor, at the same
time thrusting bis band, .half-way to
the elbow, In the hot hasty pudding.
The dolorous looks, the shaking of
fingers, the groan in gs, and capers of
the Professor, are better Imagined than
described. , . . , .
' Am Exsvewslve Breakfast.
Long years ago, way back, to 1814,
when our wives.sisters.and sweethearts
wore calico dresses, the material of
which was cheap, and made for seven
yards, and It cost as many shillings;
three young men of capital and high
standing, panted, Strong, Bell, and
Sedgwick, indulged In a night's de
bauch at a hotel In Northampton Mass.
In the morning they summoned the
landlord to their presence, end ordered
a breakfast, which they stated must be
the most expensive that had ever been
given in the State. , The principal dish
ordered was ham and eggs,' of which
they would go to the kitchen and su
perintend, personally', the cooking.
When the fat was hot, they each depos
ited in it their gold watches, chains,
lockets, and signet rings, which were
fried with the bam and ergs. The cost
of the jewelry alone was at least $1,500.
All of the parties are dead now, but
they lived long enough to know the
folly of their foolish extravagance.
Capitalists of our day are more prudent
witn their money, while the ladies
have grown more extravagant. -
Parallel r tk Sexes. .
There is an admirable partition of the
qualities between the sexes, whiob the
author of our being has distributed to
each with a wisdom that challenges our
unbounded admiration-: '
Man is strong woman Is beautiful.
Man is daring snd confident woman
is diffident and unassuming.
Man is great in action woman in
suffering.
Jian shines abroad woman at home.
Man talks to - convince woman to
persuade and please. -, ;
Man has a rugged heart woman a
soft and tender one.
Man prevents misery woman relieves
It. ' . -:
Man has science woman has taste.
Man bas iudgement woman sensi
bility.
Man rs a being or justice woman an
angel of mercy. . ....a- . t
From Ohio comes, the news that
there will be no decrease in hogs tbls
year. Of this favorite Western fruit
tnere were o,ouu,uoo plucked last year.
. , Tale rreaa Belecasv.
Bologna is full of beautiful storit.
There is that of King Hensius, or En
zio. I remember reading in an old ann
ual, many years ago, this story, told by
Mrs Norton. I think the very gilt ed
ges of the precious volume rustled in
mv memory as I entered a grand room
in the Palazzo del Podesta. and was
told that here poor King Enzio was a
captive tor twenty-two years.' k .
Euzio was the natural son of the Em
peror Frederic II. He led a Ghibelline
armv against Bologna, was taken oris-
oner in 1349, and Kept in confinement
for the - rest . ot Ms - life ; but love
laagbed at locksmiths in his, -as in
many eases. The priest who came to
confess tbe royal prisoner was accom
panied by a beautiful boy, wbo brought
wine and fruit, and wbo begged to be
allowed to remain as his page. - King
Enzio had a fever, and in one of his de
lirious moments he imagined that tbe
page took off his cap and allowed to
flow down some long golden hair. Per
haps instead of being delirious he was
gaining bis senses. . Certainly the page
was a wonderful nnrse. King Enzio
was sorry to recover, but finally he was
well enough to sit up at the window
and look out at the glorious view of
the Apennines. 1 be poor fellow rea
lized that he was a prisoner, and wept
Ditieriy. ne nearu a Boouing Deninu
him 2 it was the page, sadly sympathe
tic. "See. boy, this great beautiful
world which 1 ran enjoy no longer.
Life, lore, and liberty all, all are ta
ken from . me." Then the beautiful
Lucia Vendagoli, alias the page, let
down all ber back bair, and throwing
herself on bis bosom, asked him if
love would console him. No one
knows what King Enzio replied, but
the good priest coming in opportunely,
married them on the spot. For the
long years of his imprisonment this
noble creature lived and wrought for
the King r.nzio. She battled magis
trates and jailers, and carried to him
whatever 01 comfort and solace his life
thereafter knew.
He left some beautifal verses in her
honor, and the noble family qf tbe
Bentivoglio are proud to claim descent
from Lucia Vendagoli. . Mar they not
owe their name, which being translated
meanetu "1 wish thee well," to the
whispered adieu of their royal ances
tor, as Lucia crept away from many an
interview fraught with danger f ' '
Another and a sadder story is that of
Properzia de Rossi, called the, Sappho
of Bologna. ' This woman was' a poet,
a sculptor, a painter, musician, ana en
graver. Bologna is full of her works
now, bearing the marks of genius every
one of them. She madly loved some
man who did cot care for ber, and died
of a broken heart. . Tbe great Pope
Clement V1L expressed a wish to take
her to Rome with him, so much did he
admire ber works in the church of San
Petronio. "Tbe church holds only her
dead body," said a monk to his Holi
ness. She died that day.
The imposing Basilica of San Petro
nio contains some angels painted by
this gifted and extraordinary woman.
Her bust, sculptured bv herself, is over
one of the doors. . Her story adds
another to the many bearing this le
gend; "A woman of genius is seldom
a happy woman. Happy they who
have no history." The Galaxy.
"He's a Brick."
If It is slang, it . is really classical
slang. And yet of tbe thousands, wbo
use the term, how few how very few
know its origin or its primitive sig-
nincance. truly, it is a heroic thing to
say of a man to call him a brick. The
word, soused, if not twisted from its
original intent, implies all that is brave,'
patriotic and loyal.
Plutarch, in his' life of Agesilaus.
King of Sparta, gives us the origin of
the quaint and familiar expression.
un a certain occasion an ambassador
from Epirus, on a diplomatic -mission,
was shown by the king over his capital.
The ambassador knew of the monarch's
fame knew that though only nominal
ly king of Sparta, he was yet ruler of
Greece and he had looked to see mas
sive walls rearing aloft their embattled
towers for the defenee of the town ; but
be found nothing of tbe kind. He mar
veled niu.cn at this, and spoke, of it to
tbe king. . , . ; t
"Sire," he said, "I have visited most
of the principal towns, and 1 find no
walls reared for defence. Why Is this?"
"indeed, Sir Ambassador," replied
Agesilaus, "thou canst not hare looked
carefully. Come with me to-morrow
morning, and I will show you the walls
of Sparta." ' .
Accordingly, on the following morn
ing, the king led his guest out upon the
plains, where his army was drawn up
in full battle array, and pointing proud
ly to the serried hosts, he said : . .
There, thou beholdi-st the walls of
Sparta ten thousand men, anil evrg
man a brick.
. Lsea tk Vewt f rrej artlea.
A subject for the constant study of the
farmer is. how to lessen the cost of pro
duction of his crops, so as to make them
more profitable. One of the best ways
to lessen the cost of production is to in
crease the yield per acre. If only thirty
bushels of corn are produced per acre,
at a cost, we will say, of twenty dollars
it can be readily seen that such farm-
tncrilnn't nar Put if hv nlnnirhinif
--r " fJ "t "J f""r lb
deeper, and preparing the ground bet
ter, and planting more carefully, and
cultivating more thoroughly, one hun
dred bushels can be produced to the
acre, the little extra care given hears
but a slight proportion of expense to
the very largely increased yield ; and
while the latter system is made very
profitable, the rormer does not pay ex
penses." So, to make farming profitable
it must be well done tbe largest yield
must be obtained that the land will
produce, to lessen the cost of produc
tion. To effect this, brains must be ex
ercised, so that everything is done
timely and properly, and in the best
manner. Improved methods must be
adopted, improved machinery used In
cutting aud harvesting crops, and pre
paring them for market. ' The old fogy
system must be given the go-by, and a
progressive, intelligent system adopted.
Colman' Sural Wotld. ' '
Masclea sad Bteawa.
A bundle of muscle-fibres (as a recent
German writer puts It) IS a kind of ma
chine, eonsUting of albuminous mate
terial, just as steam engine Is made of
steel, Iron, brass etc., and, as In the
steam-engine; coal is burnt in order to
produce force, so in the muscular ma
chine, fats, or hydrocarbons, are burned
for the same purpose; and just as the
constructive material of the engine
Iron, etc., Is worn away and oxidized,
the constructive material of the muscle
is worn away, and this wearing away is
the source of nitrogenous constituents
of the urine. This theory, ft Is asserted,
explains why, during muscular exer
tion, the excretion of urea Is little or not
at all increased, while that of carbonic
acid is enormously augmented ; for, in
a 8 team engine moderately fired and
ready for use, the oxidation of iron, etc.,
would go on quite equably, and would
not be much increased by tbe more
rapid firing necessary for working, but
much more coal would be burned when
it was at work than when it was stand
ing Idle. .
The receipts of the Xew York city
street railroads, sixteen In number, foot
np over $3,000,000 for last year.
TOCTHS- C0LC15.
1 "t " ; , ' '
Tke Shover of Gold. It was a bright
afternoon in midsummer, and the jew
eler who lives in the sun was shower
ingeverything withgold. Didyou ne
ver hear of the jeweler who lives in the
sun t It is he who in the morning turns
thedew-drops into sparkling diamonds,
and at noonday makes rainbow brid
ges' of tbe seven precions stones, and,
when sunset comes, builds castles of
ruby with gates of pearL A wonder
ful workman is he.aud now he was emp
tying great bushel-baskets full of gold
dust out of his shop-windows, and the
lake was all smooth gold, as far as the
eyes could see, and the green trees were
all covered, and . so were the blue
mountains, and one could see it coming
softly down through the air from be
yond the white clouds. One could see
at the edges of the clouds, too, how it
had fallen upon them, and had lodged
among their fleeces and there stayed.
It was as if there had been a snow
storm in summer; and all the snow
flakes were pure gold.
Four men were in a boat on the lake,
and one said to the others : "Look at
the gold!" One was a poet, who sab
to hearts of the golden age ; and one
was a miser, who hoarded the yellow
gold so that no one but be could see it.
or use it, and it could do 110 good : and
tbe third was a batterer, who bought
and sold it, and thought of it only ; and
the last was an artist, who had golden
visions, and painted pictures that made
folks joyful with louging.
So they all looked at the gold, and
each one thought to himself : "What
mav I do with it f . 1 . . .
And. the miser thought :' "I will get
on shore as soon as ever I can; and 1
will hurry and get all the largest trunks
that ever 1 can, and be first to gather
op all the gold, and nobody shall have
any of it but me." So he got to land,
and found sixteen trunks, each as large
as a bureau, but when he got them to
the place, the gold was nowhere to be
seen, and not the smallest gold-nuke
did the miser get.
And the barterer thought: I will fill
my pockets with the gold, and carry it
to the city, and buy aud sell, and make
more." - So be opened all bis pockets
as wide as be could, and the gold fell
in. and be buttoned and Btiehed. and
double-stiched them up, as safe as safe
could be. liut when he got to the city
and opened them, it had all vanished,
there was no gold in them 1
And the artist thought : "1 will let it
fall noon mv nalette. and catch it in
my brush, and thus I will mix it with
my colors aud paint pictures that will
make people joyous and me great."
So he did. and painted sea and shore
and sky so wonderfully that men for
got their sorrows and were joyous, and
praised tbe artist.
And the poet t The poet's heart was
so fall that be con Id do nothing; he
could not tbiuk what was so beautiful
that he might use so beautiful a thing
for it. He could only open bis soul to
the beauty of it and pray that he might
give its beauty also to others. There
it lay, till one time when he was sad
and in trouble, and'tlieu it shaped it
self into strange, svreet music, by aud
by the poet wrote a wouuertul poem.
so that all the hearts of the people
opened to bim. and they listened when
he sang to them ot happiness, and
how to know and to be the good, the
true, and the beautiful that was it. 1
And the miser and the barterer
wished: "Oh that I were the artist 1"
and the artist winhed : "Oh that I were
the poet '."tit. Sicholat.
TTf- oi7 Surino. An old woman.
dim-eyed and bent, sat on a bench at
the door of a hut in spring time.
Above her head rose a tree that had
iust but on its first leaves. Behind her
ran a river, down which a vessel was
making wav in the direction of the sea.
On the roof of the little hut, birds were
resting in . the fresh, warm air. .Near
the old woman's feet sat a little girl
who had been reading. The book lav
open bv her side.
the little girl looked np at the old
woman with wonder and child-like pi-
'Shall 1 ever be like that rethought
the little caild. "Can 1 do anything
for you, granny V said she. .
And granny, doziug in the sun.
thought to herself. "All. mv voice was
once like that, and my feet and hands
were swift to help ; but now 1 am old.
the wind blew softly, the birds
chirped, and she dozed orfmto a dream
of her own childhood. The fields were
green around ber, for it was full spring;
the doves were cooing; and she was
playing with a ball by the side of her
uiotuer. ..
Kiver. river, where are von floating
tot The river, : which came from the
mountains, is going to the sea, where
it will be lost in the great world of wa
ters. The trees and bill-sides will nut on a
deeper green, for the summer will fol
low the spring. - Hut the summer, too,
will pass; the browu autumn will
come : the leaves will fall ; the winds
will blow; aud some night, when the
little girl is asleep, a frost will kill off
the last straggling flower. Good bye,
flower! good-bye, leaves ! But you will
come again in the spring.
And what will the little maid uol
She also will pass through soring to
summer, from summer to autumn, and
soon, through the failing years, to the
wintry davs. then some one shall
give her back the love and care she
gave in her own early springtime to the
old and feeble graudmother.
Tlie Wiie old Hare. There was a lit
tle dog whose name was Dart. He was
owned by a lady, and she took great
care of him. Oue day she put a nice
red ribbon, for a collar, around his
neck, and said to bim' "Xow, Dart, this
is Sunday ; and I want you to keep
still at home, and not soil this nice new
ribbon."
But no sooner had this lady left the
house to go to church than Dart crept
forth, and went into the swamp tor a
frolic. Soon he started a hare, and
took a great leap after bim. Bat the
hare was not niucb afraid of such a
yonng dog.
1 he bare knew or a hole rn the trtrnk
of a tree that bent over a pool of mud
dy water; and there be ran while Dart
ran after him. ' But, just as the hare
ran into the hole, the dog lost sight of
him, and made a leap into the pool.
He yelped and barked; and it was
some time before be. could get out.
Then what a sight he was. with his
hide all dark with mud, and his nice
ribbon spoiled !
W hen the lady came home from
church, and found that Dart bad not
minded ber. she bad him chained no in
his little bouse, aud did not let him go
with her when she went to walk that
afternoou by the side of the sea.
Dart was very sad because be could
not go. He barked and cried a good
deal : but be had been naughty, and so
was made to know, that, when he was
told to stay at home, he must stay, and
not run after bares, and jump into
pools.
Hew ta Kill Time.
First catch your time by the fore
lock, if possible ; then hold him tight ;
then pinch hint well ; then give bim
one for bis nob, and let the one be a
good one; then knock him down ; then
kick him from the rear; then make
faces at him ; then pull his nose ; then
sit on bis bead : then ask bim if he's
had enough now, or will wait till he
gets itt If he don't answer yon may
safely conclude that yon have killed
him.
KIWS Q B&H7.
Chicago has a German population
Of 50,000.
An Atlanta (Ga.) firm sold 150,000 -oranges
in December.
The annual rainfall of Colorado Is .
seldom more than 13 inches.
There are 20.000 more "her" than '
"him" in the State of Vermont. "
Boston will celebrate "Evacuation
Day" (March 17) with an oration.
There 11,333 blind men and 8,977
blind women in the United States. .
Senator Jones of Florida, was born
In Ireland, and Is now 45 years of age.
A Brooklyn cashier has disgraced
the : --ofessioti. He took only $JO,000.
seems almost incredible, but
then- are 453 churches in Xew York
city. - -
Richmond, Va. Is growing steadily ;
and solidly. It now claims a popula
tion of 72,500.
The Pennsylvania Railroad Com
pany can complete 100 ears in a week a :
theix shops in Altooua. ...
T-Wisconsin and Michigan have abol-
Isbed the "Grand Jury." and Illinois
talks of deing the same. '
The letter mail te the only portion
of the United States postal service :
which is self sustaining.
The Chinese emigration Into Call- .
fornia last year amounted to 13,144 per
sons, while tbe State gained a total in- i
crease of population of 69,172. . , .. . .,
A fine marble bust of General Hal- .
leek, who was a pioneer of 1848, has '
been presented by -the General's son to :
the Society of California Pioneers. .
. A boy at Rocbelle, III., who is onlv
fourteen years and six months old, tips
the beam at 425 pounds, but has a reas- '
ouaWe hope of attaining his full growth :
yet.
Minnesota Falls, Minn., was or
ganized as a town over three years ago, '
aud although the population is over 300
not a death has occurred there during
the three years. '
The Chinese In this country are al
ready outgrowing their superstitions. .
The body of one who died recently In .
Xorth-Adams, Mass., was not sent
home for burial. -
Pretty safe. Of forty-two million
passengers carried over the Massachu- .
setts railroads last year, not one was
killed except by their own carelessness :
and only six were injured. . -; t
Tbe San Francisco Journal of Com
merce estimates the wheat crop of Cal
ifornia at a value of 26,000,000 and what
will surprise many people tbe gold and
silver crop at a million less.
Mr. Andrew J. Houston, a descen
dant of the famous Sam Houston, of '
Texas, protests against the erection of a .
monument to his ancestor by means of .
a lottery scheme, as has been proposed. "
There are eight completed Besse- "
mer steel establishments ia the United .
States aud three more are In progress
of construction. It we include Pitts
burg, the West will have six of the
eleven.
AUentown, Pa., has thirty segar '
factories, which turn out monthly 300,
KH). She Is the third largest manufac
turer of segars in the United States,
New York being first and Detroit
second. .
The temperance people of Buffalo
are about organizing a law observance
association for the purpose of prosecut
ing liquor dealer who violate the law.
A fund of 110,000 is to be raised for
this purpose.
The Minnesota Senate has passed a
bill to borrow $60,000 from the school
fund to pay the current expenses of the
Legislature. A protest was made that
it was a bad precedent, but there were
only six nays to 27 yeas.
The melon trade of Richmond .
county, Ga., reaoh-'d List summer the
enormous aggregate of 256,450 melons.
The Central railroad carried away 90,
ST0. Ten thousand melons were -taken
northward by the express companies.
General Priest, of the Xew York
Central road, has consented to send the
driving wheels of the first locomotive
run in America to the Centennial, pro- :
vidiug their return to the company is .
insured. The wheels are now at West
Albany.
Delmonlco, the Xew York restaur
teur, has leased for ten years the whole .
block in Twenty-sixth street, between
Fifth avenue and Broadway, aud will
convert the buildings into cafes, dining .t
halls, and a ladies restaurant. The
Fourteenth-street house Is to be con
tinued. .
The bullion shipment 'of Denver
last ye? r wns $5,237,710, a considerable
increase over 1874, while the banking
capital was raised to $4100,000 and $2,
2110,000 of deposits were made. There
were also over $2,000,000 worth of real
estate changed hands.
Mr. John Hatch, of California, has
spent many years in making a collec
tion of specimens of the precious ores
of the Pacific slope, Mexico, Central and
South America, Australia. China and
Japan. His collection numbers between
twelve and fifteen thousand, and he Is
preparing them for exhibition at the
Centennial.
J. M. Hutching, of Yosemite. has
discovered in the head waters of the
Kern River, 10,500 feet above the sea, a
new and beautiful fish which he named
the "golden trout." Its color is like
that of the gold fish, but richer, and
dotted with black spots a quarter of an
nch in diameter, and with a band along
its sides.
Emma Britton. a Lewisbure. Pa..
girl, weight 140 pounds, can jump fif
teen feet on skates, run 100 yards in
thirteen seconds, drink, smoke, and
talk horse. She is a good shot and a
good quoit pitcher; can easily swim
half a mile and jump the hightest
fence. She will not marry, which is
good for the man. . -
The oldest pensioner on the roll of .
the Hartford Pension Agency is proba
bly Mrs. Lucy E. Bur beck, of Xew -
Loudon, widow . of Henry Burbeck,
who was a General In the Revolution
ary war. Mrs. tturbeck Is ninety-four
years of age, but is still able to sign
her name to the quarterly vouchers.
She receives $150 each quarter. ,
The monitor Amphritite has just ,
been burned at Pennsgrove, X. J.. in
order to obtain the iron," copper, and
other metal used in her hull. Forty
barrels of eoal oil were used in reduc- '
ing the wood work of the vessel to ashes
and thirty-five tons of copper and one
hundred and ten tons of iron-have been "
taken from the wreck. The monitor
originally cost $130,000.
1 The Xew York Legislature has
taken a practical steo towards discour
aging the tramp who will not work but
insists on eating, by adopting a bill
which provides for the relief of all ap
plicants, conditioned on their Derfor-
mance of certain reasonable task. If
ihey do not accede to this they forth- '
with declare themselves vagrants and
become liable to the customarv nenal
ties.