!
B. F. SCHWEIER,
THE 00JC3TIT0TI03 THI VHION A50 THI EXrORCEUEXT OF THt LAWS.: re
Editor and Proprietor.
VOL. XXX.
MIFFLINTOWN. JUNIATA COUNTY, PENNA., JANUARY, 12, 1S7(.
NO. 2.
WLITER'S EOPL
Tbe Autumn days an gone all flown :
TLe yellowing htm bom off the treee
Are slied. with eed mail doleful una
Of aliietlin wind and mournful breeze.
Tbc cumbered earth bears far aud oear '
Those saddening eigne of Autumn's death;
And leadeee foremta. nraiat and drear.
Oppress ua with ibeir chilly breath.
Hat let a look around once more
la there do beam to cheer our eight ?
No rift in these dark clouds? Ah! sure.
We are not left without some light ?
No ; "tie not so ! Fen while we gaze,
dee. fxem jon bill the red son nee.
Illuming with his cheering rats
The earth that all so darkly lies.
And in deserted hedgerow springs
The hawthorn berry, brave and bright ;
While perched atop the robin sings
His dear, sweet song with all hia might.
Our life will come to Autumn hours.
And all may chill and dreary seem.
But eTen then well find some flowers,
Aud even then some joyous beam.
Bepine not, therefore, that thy youth
And manhood's prime so swiftly nee ;
Lo ! with advance of years come truth.
New light, new hope, calm joys for thee.
Chamber' Journal.
A Night of Alarm.
My sister Julia was very courageous,
luour youth the country wu wilder
thau now; but it might tie said of tier
that she was not brought up in the
woods to be scared by an owl. She
would traverse the most unfrequented
paths, wondering at my timidity.
There was nothing masculine, bow-
ever iu Julias appearaiice ; she was
simply a tweet, joyous child, with au
absence 01 tear in tier character aud a
consequent clearness of perception in
all cases of supposed or actual danger.
When I was sixteen, aud Julia was
eighteen, my father hired a laliorer
named Hans Schmidt, a Hessian, who
had been in the .British service, and
who, at the close of the war, had de
serted from his regiment.
lie was a powerf ul man, with a heavy,
imliruted countenance, and both Julia
aud myself were struck, at the very
first, with au intuitive dread of him.
The feeling in Julia hardly took the
character of fear, but was one rather of
the most intense loathing.
One evening she read of a horrible
murder that thrilled our blood, and
upon turning her eyes from the paper,
they encountered those of Hans Schmidt.
There was something terrible in that
glance, and, frcm tnat moment she re
solved that the villain should be turned
away.
As her w ishes and opinions were al
ways of much weight with father, he
took her advice, and gave Hans his dis
charge. Soon after this Julia and I were left
alone in the house, both father and
mother being absent upon a visit until
the following day, and we happened to
lie without a servant at the time (for we
kept more than one.)
At night we went up to bed and had
partly disrobed when Julia turned
hastily to the window.
I declare," she said, "the eveutng is
so pleasant that it is a pity to remain
in-ioors. I don't feel a bit sleepy ; let's
go down on the lawn."
We descended the stairs. How little
I imagined what was in Julia's heart!
Harry Irving came tip just as we reached
the lawn. He was only casually iiass
ing the house.
Julia engaged him in conversation
and ha joined us. My sister was more
than usually lively.
"Where "are Tom, and Kdgar and
Will?" she asked.
" h," replied Harry, "they are over
Iv my uncle's. They will be coming
back soon."
The three young men soon appeared
upon the road; and, to my surprise,
Julia arose at their approach and called
us aside froni the door.
"Now, Mary, you need not le ner
vous." she said." "Keep quiet and do
not speak above your breath. There Is
a man under our led there, there!"
and site clasied her hand over my
month "a man under our bed, and the
voting Irvings are going to secure him."
They all provided themselves with
heavy "sticks, and then, guided by Julia,
as4-euded the stairs.
As to myself, I could not follow them,
but remained trembling and leaned
iion the doorste. Never did I expe
rience a greater sense of relief than
when the assailing party descended,
looking partly ashamed and partly
amused, having found nothing to jus
tify their sudden armament.
Julia was in an agony of mortifica
tion aud wejrt piteously ; for, although
but half convinced that her apprehen
sions had been groundless, the idea that
she, who hail never till now feared any
thing, had placed herself so ludicrously
in the eyes of those men was insup
imrtable. The man, she said, must have taken
the alarm and lied out the back door;
for she could not have been so deceived.
Our young friends, more in pity for
her mortification than from any belief
in the reality of the night intruder,
offered to remain in the vicinity till
morning; but she would not listen to
the proposition and they took their de
parture. I was sorry to see them go, aud
watched their" forms till they were out
of sight, for the affair of the evening
had almost frightened me into hysterics.
Julia, however, at one rushed to the
chamber, and flinging herself on the
bed, continued bitterly weeping. She
had exhibited herself in a character
which she despised; and her man under
the lied would le the talk of the neigh
liorhood. I followed her, but neither
of us could sleep.
The clock on the mantle piece struck
eleven; and then "tick, tick, tick," it
went on tor the next dreary hour. Julia
at length ceased weeping, and lay in
thought, only an occasional sigh betray
ing her wakefulness.
Arain the clock struck, but it bad not
reached the final stroke when Julia,
leaping out of bed, flung herself upon
an Immense chest at the further end of
f he room. '. ' .
"h. Mary!" she cried, "quick!
quick! He U here! I cannot hold the
lid be will get out!" ;
There was Indeed some living thing
inside the chest; for, in spite of Julia's
weight, the lid was lifted, and then, as
the instinct of self-preservation over
came my terror, I sprang quickly to her
assistance. ...
Whom or what had we caught? Im
ainc yourself holding down the lid or
a showman's box, with a boa-constrictor
writhing beneath; or keeping a cage
top in iu place by your own weight
alone, with a hyena struggling to tear
his way out and devour you.
But we were not long ia suspense.
Horrid execrations, half German, haj
English, chilled our very hearts, and
we knew that there, in the midnight,
only the lid of an old chest was between
ourselves aud Hans Schmidt!
At times It started up, and once or
twice his lingers were caught iu the
0ening. Then, finding our combined
weight Um much for his strength, it
would necome evident that he was en
deavoring to force out au end of the
cheat. Hilt, he could .not work to ad
vantage. Cramped wil bin such limits,
his giant )Miwer of muscle was not
wholly available; he could neither kick
nor strike with full forT; aud hence
Us chief hope rested iion his .ability to
I'ft us tip, lid and all.
Even then, in the absolute terror that
might have been suiqiosed to osgess
her, a queer feeling of exultation sprang
up in Julia's heart.
"I was right, Mary," she cried.
"They won't think me a fool now. will
they? I shau't be ashamed to see Harry
Irving!"'
Poor Julia! tinder the circumstance
the idea was really ludicrous; but na
ture will everywhere assert itself, and
.Tuliahated a coward. Thump! thump:
ttutnp! Lid. and side, and eud, alter
nately felt the cramped, powerful b'owg.
Then came the lift the steady, strain
ing lift, and Julia cheered me when the
cover shook, and rose, and trembled.
"He can't get out, Mary! We are
safe; only just keep your full weight
on the lid, and don't be nervous, either;
it is almost morning."
She knew it was not one o'clock.-
But one o'clock came. How 1 wished
it was live! And two o'clock came,
aud three and four; ami we hojx'd that
our prisoner hail yielded to his fate,
which must now appear to him inevita
ble. A small aierture at one end of the
chest, where there was a fracture in the
wood, supplied him with air, and hence
we could not hope that he would become
weak through suffocation. He was evi
dently restiug from the very necessity
of the case, lor his exertions had been
prodigious. There was a faint streak
of morning in the skv; and there, upon
the chest, we sat, and watched for the
gleam to broaden. -
Suddenly there was a tremendous
struggle lieneath us, as if the ruffian
had concentrated all his energies in a
final effort. At my end of the chet
there was a crash and immediately the
German's feet protruded through the
aerture that they had forced in the
loard. So horrible now appeared our
position that 1 uttered a scream, such
as I do not think 1 ever at auy other
time could have had the power to im
itate. To get off the lid in order to defeat
the movement through the chest end
would have instantly been our destruc
tion; therefore, still learingour weight
on the chest we caught at tire projoctiug
feet. In doing this, however, we par
tially lost our balance, and a sudden
bracing up of the muscular shape below
so forced oen the lid that the head,
arms aud shoulders of Hans Schmidt
were thrust forth, and with a fearful
clutch he seized Julia bv the throat.
Just then a heavy cra-h was heard at
the door below, the foot tramps spring
ing toward us as if some person were
tearing ui the staircase with the full
conviction that this was an hour of need.
The dim davhreak hardlv revealed his
identity, but I had a faint lierception
that young Harry Irving had come to
us in our hour of peril.
Some time during the moruiu,
found myself in bed with Julia, aud
several of the neighbors standing about
me. Julia clasiicd me iu her arms and
cried,
"We are safe, Marv! Harry Irving
was near the house all night. . He re
turned after seeming to go home. The
least scream be would have heard as he
at last heard yours: but 1 am glad you
did not scream before, for now we have
had an exin-riciice and know what we
can do."
Hans Schmidt had divided iiiioii the
chest as a safer hiding-place than that
in which Julia had first discovered him.
Uikmi the very morning on which
Harry Irving stunned and secured the
ruffian in our room, the officers of Jus
tice were searching for the old Hessian
scoundrel as the suniiosed murderer,
and he was soon convicted and hung.
Julia became the wifcof Harry Irving
and a most excellent wife she was.
Magnanimous and uiireveiigii'ul. she
was perhaps the only ierson who felt
no gratification at lite fate of old Hans
Schmidt, but rather pity for the ig
norance which had so led him into
crime.
Haaaehald Mlarrlea.
My entire household, says a w riter, I
full of fatisfaetion over the fact that is
have just driven the axe handle into
the axe and wedged it there,soitinnot
under anv cireumstritce come out. It
mav read like a small matter to you but
do you know that that helve had been
loose for nearly five years? Yes, for
live years that axe has tiling itself
across the yajd whenever 1 struck a
heavy blow, leaving the helve in my
hand, and I supose that 1 t'ecided
more thau a thousand times togoiu and
get a hammer and chisel and fasten the
helve in. I was thrown down and had
my arm broken by the axe flying off,
two girls had their noses broken, we
siled the stove boilers, nearly killed
three Iioys, and yet I didn't fix the axe
until to-day. Foster was telling me the
other day that he had finally glued the
knob on the bureau drawer, and lie
seemed greatly relieved. I remember
wheu the knob was knocked off al
most seven years ago. I was helping
him move the burean wheh the acci
dent occurred, and I never was in the
house afterwards without hearing Mrs.
Foster say "come, Henry, liav'n't you
got time to fix that knob this evenings'"
"Yes, Martha," lie would reply and
yet it w as seven year before lie got to
it. '
Haw Alraaal F.wlers the Syelene.
Arain. w hen taken in
by the
more
nrdinarv channel, the stomach
it finds
its way"bv two routes into the circula
tion. A ." certain portion of it the
oreater portion of itr is absorlied direct
fly the veins of the alimentary surface,
finds its way straight into the larger
veins, which lead up to the heart, and
onward with the course of the blood.
Another portion is picked up by small
structures proceeding from below the
mucous surface of the stomach, and
from which originate a series of fine
tubes that reach at last the lower por
tion of a common tube, termed the
thoracic duct- tube w hich ascends in
front of the spinal column, and termin
ates at the junction of two large veius
on the left side of the body, at a point
where the venous blood, returning from
the left arm, join with the returning
blood from the left side of the head on
its wa v to the heart. It is so greedy for
water that it w ill pick it up from all the
watery textures of the body, and de
prive them of it, until, by its saturation,
ft can take up no more, its power of re
ception being exhausted ; after which
it diffuses iwelf into the current of cir
culating fluid. When we dilute alcohol
with water before drinking it, we
quicken its absorption: and, if we do
AiU.t it anffieientlv. it is diluted ill
.i .h htr rhe transudation of
: ti. erniiiach- until the required
nsici ........ . . ... . .
reduction for iu absorption is effected
PtqrttUlT Srirnf M'HII'lt. k
The receipts at the White Mountain
hotels last summer were: At the Craw
ford and Twin Mountain, tl'w.ww. at
fhe Fsbysn, f .'X0.
The Xeaaderthal mm EBft-USkalla.
Among the thaa far discovered hn
man -remains referable to the far-dis-
taut evach under notice, the Neander
thal tknll. already mentioned, and
that of the Engia cavern have chiefly
excited interest in the learned, and
caused much speculation concerning
the physical and intellectual qualities
of the primeval inhabitants of Europe.
Ti e first-named skull, or rather skull
fragment for it consists only of the
neper portion ol the cranium belong
in jr to m skeleton which was fonnd in
1457 in a uuail grotto in the Neander
thal, or Neander Valley, not far from
Dusseldorf. Rhenish Prussia. Quarry
ing operations led to the clearing o
tne grotto, situated about sixty feet
above the bed of the small liver Du
sel, which flows through the val ey. It
contained a horizontal layer of hard
loam intermixed with rolled gravel, a
drut deposit identical with that occcr
ing in all caves of the Dussel Valley,
and in which bones of extinct n n ad ra
ped s are sometimes found imbedded.
In this gravelly loam of the Neander
thal grotto the workmen found, two
feet below the surface, a human skele
ton, which they threw out in an uncon
scious way, and which would have
been lost to science but for the inter
ference of Professor Fnhlott, of Elber
fe!d, who rescued from total destrue
i on the npper part of the skull, the
Ihigh and aim bones, a collarbone, a
pa t of the pelvis, a shoulder blade,
r' d several fragments of the ribs.
1 .icse remains are undoubtedly of the
highest antiquity, possessing the same
qualities which characterize the bones
of the mammoth, rave-bear, etc., oc
'.uring in the neighboring districts, and
(closed in the same kind of loam that
contained the skeleton. Professors
Fuhlrott, Vogt, and other anthropolo
gists therefore conclude that the Nean
derthal man lived together with the
mammoth and other extinct animals
of the drift period. The body proba
bly had been washed into the grotto
during the high water. The skull was
first desribed anatomically by Pro ei
sor SchaatTnausen, of Bonn. He poin
ted out its enormous ridges above the
oibits of the eyes, behind which the
froutal bone is considerably depresser,
its elongated, elliptical shape, narrow
aud low forehead and unusual thick
ness. The other bones ef the skeleton
corresponded in length to those of a
European ol middle stature, out tney
were much stouter, and exhibited a
gi eater development of the muscular
ridges, tin the whole, rrofessorscbaarr
hausen comes to the conclusion that
the individual to whom the Neander
thal skull belonged must have been
distinginslied by slight development
of brain and uncommon strength of
lwwlily frame. According to Professor
Huxley, the skull in question is tbe
most ape-like of the human crania yet
discovered, and Professor Vogt expres
ses himself to the same effect by stating
that it has more of the simian or mon
key type than any other known race
skull. Yt Huxley is far from regard
ing the Neanderthal bones as the re
mains of a being intermediate between
man and apes. At most, be says, they
demonstrate the existence of a man
whose skull may be said to revert some
what to the pithecoid or ape type.
Both Huxley and Vogt detect in the
Neanderthal skull an approximation
1 1 to tbe crauial formation of the Aus
tralian.
Tbe Engis skull, likewise fragmen
tary, but more complete than the one
just described, was found, as we have
stated, live feet deep imbedded in a
breccia, in juxtaposition with the r
maius of the rhinoceros, reindeer and
horse. This sknllindicateea highertype
than that of tbe Neanderthal. Accord-
i to Huxley, "there is no mark of degra
dation, abont any part of its structure.
It is. in fact, a fair average human
skull, which might have belonged to a
philosopher, or might have contained
the thoughtless brain of a savage"
lltirprr Muyazime. . .
The .Ha
te alslwtte)a af Ami weals
fmr I'Md.
I!cv. 1 r. Wechsler, rabbi of the Jewish
church iu New Haven, read a very in
teresting jKiper on tiie above topic re
cently iK-fore the UhIv of ministers
assembled at the weekly gathering of
the Ministers' Association in that city,
iu part as follows:
In the 11th chapter of Leviticus there
are gccified the various beasts, birds,
fishes, and retiles which are distin
guished by the terms clean aud unclean.
The former are ermitted to be eaten
and the latter are forbidden. There are
also laid down certaiu rule for dis
tinguishing generally those that are
clean from those that are unclean.
First, with regard to quadrupeds. AU
beasts that have their feet completely
cloven, above as well as below, and at
the same time ruminate or chew their
cud, are clean. Those which have
neither, or are one or the other, are
unclean. " . t '
2. The systematic distinction of fishes
is especially clear and simple. All those
having fins and scales are clean; all
others unclean. ' '
3. With regard to birds no particular
charae'eristius are given for dividing
them into clean or unclean, but judging
from those which are specified it must
be noticeable that birds of prey as a
general rule are prohibited, that is those
with crooked beaks and strong talons
with which to prey on lesser fowls or
animals or on fish are prohibited, while
those which eat vegetables are permitted
to be eaten.
4. With respect to serpents and Insects
it is declared that all creatures that creep
going uon four, and whatsoever goetli
upon the helly, and whatever has more
than four feet among the living things,
are an abomination. . .
Besides the general distinction already
noticed another is made, relating to
whatsoever goeth upon the paws among
all manner of beasts that go upon feet,
lieing therefore pronounced unclean.
Tbe literal translation of the Hebrew
would be "palms or bands," and there
fore this probably refers to those ani
mals whose feet resemble human beings,
such as apes, monkeys, etc., and all
creatures of that genus, together with
bears, lions, cats, dogs, frogs, etc.
The Talmud draws very closely the
line tw ixt clean and unclean animals.
There have been written various essays
upon thedietary laws, which show much
research aud investigation. There are
strict rules laid down- how animals
should lie killed; the knife must be
sharp and smooth ; the killing must be
done at once, and not gradually, and
without any interruption. Besides no
animal must be killed for food on which
there is the least blemish. Then.it Is
necessary that the animal thus slaught
ered must be strictly examined by a
comjietent person, who is well versed in
the laws which the Kabbis have laid
down as a test to pronounce the meat fit
for use. Every cruelty to animals
should have been avoided, which is in
conformity to the laws of nature and
civilized society.
A very learned commentator says:
"Most of. the creatures which are pro
nounced unclean were in high esteem
and sacred among the heathen, as the
gwiue wasto Venus, the owl to Minerva,
the hawk to Apollo, the eagle to Jupiter ;
therefore it w as decided that all those
would be unclean, which were esteemed
by tbe Egyptians and other nations to
be the instruments oi uisuncuoo, auu
those to be clean which were not so
esteemed. The restrictions, therefore,
which were made with respect to diet,
especially the division of animals into
clean and unclean, were eminently cat
rulated to prevent close connections
with Egyptians and other idolatrous
nations."
To promote health and comfort in the
distinction or animals into clean and
unclean, particular reference seems to
have been made to tncir suitableness tor
food, those bring accounted clean which
afforded a considerable proortion of
w holesome nutriment, and those being
considered as unclean which were or a
gross and unwholesome nature. Solid
footed animals, such as the hare aud
manv-toed annuals, such as the cat, etc.
are prohibited. Beasts which have
cloven fei t. such as the ox, are con
sidered as proper for food, and there
fore permitted. The former are unclean.
which is explained as unwholesome,
affording a gross nutrimeut and often
the parent of scrofulous disorders ; the
latter clean, affording wholesome nutri
ment, and not laying the foundation of
any disease. Kuininating animals digest
their food better than those who swal
low it with little mastication, and there
fore the flesh contains more of the sub
stantial juices and is more easy of diges
tion and consequently of assimilation to
the solids and fluids or the human body.
On this account they are termed clean,
which is explained as peculiarly whole
some, and nt for use. lue animals
which do not ruminate do not digest
their food so well and - hence tney
abound with gross and animal juices,
which yield a comparatively unwhole
some nutriment to the human svstem.
Even the animals which have bifid hoofs,
but do not chew their cud, such as the
swine, and those who chew their cud,
but are not bifid, such as the hare, and
rabbit, are forbidden, because compara
tively tnnutritive. " It Is well known
the meat of the swine has been con
sidered by many for many centuries as
wholesome, and yet of late there has
been discovered a hidden disease in its
flesh, which demonstrates beyond dis
pute that the old Jewish law, not to eat
the meat of the swine, is not out ef date
and still useful. On tbe same ground
the wise law giver has forbidden all fish
that have not both fins aud scales,
because they as a rile abound in gross
juices and fat which but few are aide
to digest.
Moses forbade the use of pork, of the
liare, etc., of fish without scales and
fins, and all kinds of heavy meats, as
the fat of the bullock, etc., an inhibition
supremely wise iu a country where the
excessive heat, relaxing the fibers of
the stomach, rendered digestion iecn
liarly slow and difficult. The fiesh of
the eel and some other fish, says I -archer,
thickened the blood, and by checking
the perspiration excited all those mala
dies connected with leprosy. . From
these and similar views of the dietetic
character of the Mosaic distinction of
animals into clean and uncleau,. it is
evident that the food allowed to the
Hebrew people as a nation were the
gentler sort of creatures and of most
common use, such as were bred about
their houses and in their fields and
were, iu a sort, domestic. They were
creatures of the cleanest feeding, and
which gave the most wholesome nourish
ment, aud were of a better- taste, and
might be had in greater plenty and per
fection by a proper care of their breed
ing and feeding. They seemed there
fore to be naturally fit to be chosen as
a better kind of food. It surely cannot
be a matter of indifference what a per
son eats and drinks, to develop a true
religious character. By prohi bit i ng the
eating ef those animals which by their
gross aud unwholesome nature as food
would induce or increase any vicious
proiensities, by sy inbolizing the disposi
tions and conduct to be encouraged and
cultivated, or to be abhorred and avoided,
was Israel to become a holy nation.
An officer in the army who was going
out to inuia io join nis regiment, re
cently made all his purchases at one
of the famed London establishments.
The customer was such a large buyer
that the proprietor, contrary to usage,
stepped forward to thank him and to
express a hope that the officer wan per
fectly satisfied, and had been able to
find everything that be requited. The
captain thanked the proprietor, and
and answered, "Nearly alL "Not all!"
was the quick query of the proprietor,
"not all f I hoped sir, we could find
you everything." "Why, it is a little
oat of your line, Mr. ." "Out of onr
line T Not at all, sir." "Oh, you are
quite sure of that, are yon, Mr. tn
"Quite certain, sir." "Well, then,"
continued the captain, laughingly, "I
want a wife." "Step this way, sir," and
the astonished military man followed.
He went through strange labynntlis
and np and down stairs innumerable.
Em Route the proprietor communicated
these facts.
About three or four months prior a
beautiful, highly-educated girl, of an
excellent family, who had lost her pa
rents, and with them all resources, an-
Elied to him for employment. He
ad, after listening to her story,
though she was a novice to business, j
been touched by her friendless situa
tion, and employed her. He had not
been disappointed. - He had found her
a worthy and exemplary girl. The
captain was piqued. He saw and ad
mired. He bought of her, and lotro-
duoed himself. lie came often, bought
more, and, upon inquiry, found all par
ticulars to have been truthfully stated.
On her side his manners- and appear
ance pleased the girl, and when he
told her the story of how his last want
had been mentioned to the proprietor
oftheestablishment,andbeen promptly
met, it ended in a hearty langn on both
sides but after the laugh within three
days they were married, and she is on
her way to India. Finally, this is no
romance, but a fact. ; . .
- tim Tmi Ismi aVewa Am.
Speaking of high life in England in
the last century, a. writer says: The
young lady, no longer under the strict
guardianship of the lady chatelaine, is
taken by her mother from the country
as too dull an abode, to shine at court iu
the metropolis. At sixteeu her figure
is imprisoned in stiff iron stays, and her
bead delivered over to the management
of a hair-dresser. Her deportment,
next to dress, is her first consideration ;
she learns to walk in higb-heeled shoes
and to manage gracefully her hoop and
her train. - The dancjng-master in
structs her in the stately -minuet and
gavotte, and she has lessons from an
other professor in the management of
her fan how to handle, flutter, and
furl this necessary adjunct to tbe toilet.
She troubles little about tbe antiquated
occupations of her predecessors,' of
gathering herbs and compounding mys
terious drinks for ailing old women or
sickly babes. She gives no thought to
the quaint, cookery recipes carefully
treasured up in the cramped hand of
perhaps a great-grand mother. Her only
care is to coinjiose washes to increase
the fairness of her skin, paste to whiten
her hands, and lotions to counteract the
effects of tight-lacing and late hours.
The great study of her giddy head is
how she can best adorn her person,
possess costly Mechlin or Brussels pin
ners and ruffles, and rustle in brocades
and satins to captivate her admirers.
At length she succeeds, and becomes
the bride of seme resplendent beau,
with wig, patches, snuff-box, cane, and
breloques.
Mlalwe er the Vest Baddha
la I ad la.
Some miles from Calliana lies an au-
cieut seat of Jaina dominion, Karkul, at
present a -considerable ' town, with
throueed bazaar streets; and a few-
follow ers of the vanquished religion still
reside near tbe monuments of their de
parted greatness. I'pou the outskirts
of the town rises a rocky hill of gener
ally ronnded form, like a basin reversed,
approaching 300 feet in height, its base
rough and bushy, tbe - upper sloies
smooth and steep. Looking up at the
hill from a distance, the enchanted
castles of fairy tales come back to mind,
for on the top is seen a castle-like wall
pierced with a wide-arched entrance,
and a dark gigantic form towering over
it waist-high This is one of three colos
sal statues that are found in this part of
the country statues truly Egyptian, in
size, and unrivaled throughout India as
detached works. ' On the ' htll-top a
crenellated quadrangular wall incloses
a stone platform five feet high, on which
rises the stupendous image, forty -five
feet in height. Nude, cut from a single
mass of granite, darkened by the mon
soons of centuries, the vast statue stands
upright, with arms hanging straight,
but not awkwardly, down the sides, in
a posture of romewhat stiff but simple
dignity. The form and lineaments are
evidently the same with those which,
from Ceylon to China and utmost Tar
tary, have handed down with unvarying
tradition the habit as he lived of that
most wondrous of mortals that ever
wore flesh, Buddha Gautama; for assur
edly no other mere man ever spread so
widely, and maintained so long, a su
preme influence overso many successive
millions of souls. Kemarkahle it Is, too.
that though born iu ludia, the features
show nothing distinctively Hindoo. The
hair grows in -close, erisp Curls; the
K....l tf .i -K . ,.Ka..t f....o
seem heavy, were it not for the marked
and dignified expression conferred by
the calm forward-gazing eyes, and aqui
line nose, somewhat pointed at the lip.
The forehead is of average size, the lips
very full aud thick, tbe upper one long
almost to ugliness throwing the chin,
though full and prominent, into the
shade. The arms, w hich touch the bodv
oulv at the hips, are reioarkanlv lonir
the large, w ell -formed hands and fingers
reaching to the knees; tlie exigencies of
the posture and material have caused
the shoulders, w here the arms join, to
be rather disproportionately broad and
massive. - Ihe feet, each Tour lee cine
inches long, rest on a stand wrought
from the same rock, that seems small for
the immense size and weight (eighty
tons) of the statue; a lotus stem spring
ing at each foot is carried up in low re
lief twice round each leg and arm. . A
brief inscription at the side below tells
that the Image wa3 erected by King
Vtrapandya in 1432 to Bahtibaiin, son of
Vri.-haba, the First Tirthaukara, of
giant race, himself a giant, and there
fore so represented, but still iu the shape
of the founder of that faith whence the
Jaina heresy diverged. A low cloister
runs round the inner side of the inclos
ing -wall, aud a imLssive stone rail ol
three horizontal bars surround the plat
form.' Once in sixty years the scattered
Jains- gather from all quarters. - and
bathe the colossus with cocoa-nut milk.
The Veaellaa Savj. ,
Iu the sixteenth century Veiiice kept
in permanent employmeut aliolit sixteen
thousand men. The pav of these was
exceptionally good, and their privileges
were great; their nous, at an early age.
were entered iu the workshops, aud in
structed in some one of the mauv trades
carried on in them; they them-elve,
when old, were ensioneil or admitted
into a hospital established eecially for
the navy. lu tire other hand their
work was severe. They were not only
workmen, hut soldiers, trained to tbe
use of arms and the strictest discipline:
their leading men, foremen and over
seers being-iu turu their sergeants,
lieutenants and captains. The govern
ment, in all working details, was In the
hands of practical men, chosen from the
workmen themselves, the highest of
whom, with the title of Grand Admiral,
exercised suerintendence over the
wbide. But the supreme command was
vested in tbe Proveditor General, a
noble of high rank aud distinguished
service, either as commander afloat or
as statesman a-hore. It was a marked
peculiarity of the Venetian Constitution
that untried men could not bold any
important office; their public men had
to serve a long and laborious apprentice
ship in suhonlmate positions before
tliey were considered qualified to take
r ly prominent part in the affairs of the
State; and amidst a people so peculiarly
nautical few could mount the several
steps of a long career without obtaining
ait insight into the conduct of'liaval
business. At the end of the fifteenth
century the control of this enormous
establishment was found to be beyond
the power ol one man, and two assistants
were appointed, one as 1 roveditor of
the arsenal, who had more especial
charge of the armory; the other as
Proveditor of artillery, whose title ex
plains itself. Contrary to Venetian
usage, which limited tbe duration of
public office to sixteen months, these
three were appointed for a term of three
years, one going out each year in rota
tion, so that tbe .majority of the three
were at all times thoroughly couversaut
with the details of the administration.
., . Character la Uallarrapar.
At a recent meeting of the Psychologi
cal Society of Loudon, the Vice-President,
Mr. G. Harris, read a paper on
"Caligraphy as a Tent of character."
After commenting on the various modes
by which character is exhibited, and
upon the infinite diversities of band
writing, the autlior proceeded to poi if
out the peculiarities of the latter w hich
display the distinctive qualities of the
writer. ' His . theory was illustrated by
the exhibition of a number of original
autographs, including those of Napoleon
I., i Wellington, Nelson, Brougham,
Horn Tooke, Southey, Cow per, Sheridan,
Cobbett, Bulwer Lytton, and Charles
Dickens, the contrast between the
writing of the last two being especially
dwelt upon. A lively discussion, we
are told, followed the reading of the
paper. . . .
There is no gainsaying the fact that
character may be read from hand
writing, but not by any means from all
handwriting. In the first place, there
must be character in the writer, and
among the millions of mankind who
use the pen there are lamentably few
marked and distinctive individualities.
The multitude of people have no aim
but to be copies of each other, to do and
to be iu every eventof life just like their
fellows. It is Impossible to expect from
these handwriting that will show any
thing save an absence of character.
Hence it is thst the idea universally
prevails that mere caligraphy means
nothing. Nevertheless it does convey
a great deal of meaning. Tbe" old saw
that "Straws show which way tbe wind
blows," finds a just application in this
as In many other things, and masterful
traits assert themselves in thepenstrokes
as in every other act of a human being.
When you see a notably prominent,
vigorous, reckless style of caligrophv.
you may be pretty sure that the writer
is a person oi a aoid, dashing, indepen
rwis
dent disposition, tnat overrides all oar-
r
riers and thrusts aside all imiedimeut.
A penmanship full of flourishes indi
cates a character fond of ornament and
addicted to vanity. Cramped writing
and crowded lines proclaim that econ
omy, perha9 parsimony, is a strong at
tribute of the writer. A distinguished
American scientist whose assion is
study-with the microscope forms such
minute letters w beq writing that there
is almost a necessity for using a magni-fying-glass
to decipher them. Is there
nothing more than a fancifid signi
ficance in the connection between this
man's writing and his dominant pas
sion? It requires training to interpret baud-
writing, and verv seldom lsanvarieu
tion whatever given to the subject. Yet,
when once the mi nd. has-been led to it,
there is opened np an interesting and
prolific source of entertainment. Noth
ing is more delightful, and it might be
added more novel, than to meet with a
consistent,- complete; and harmonious
character that expresses in all its opera
tions the symmetry and wholeness of
Its nature. The chirograph v. of Such a
character will be a dear, certain com
mentary, telling its story as plainly as
a perrect picture ora piece or sculpture,
gpeealatlaas Derived from a Shall.
By a singular coincidence, the casual
finding of the mutilated skull of a ru
minant helped toe vol ve.indcDenilentlv.
from the mindsof Goetue and of ken.
full and distinct conceptions of a new
theory of the bonr framework of the
head. Each of these thinkers conceived
the idea that the skull, instead of being
las bad been universally snptiosed an
altogether peculiar structure, was in
reality similar in composition to me
backbone, or spinal column. The
backbone is made of a series of rings
of bone mutually adjusted, called vertebra-.
Goethe and Okeu ccceived
that the skull was also made up of a
series of vertebrae much altered, how
ever, as to size and shaie, from those
which form the spinal column. This
idea, once emitted, was rapidly taken
up by Oken's couutryuieu as at later
periods they have vehemeutly taken
up the ideas of Schwann and of Oar
win ; and Spix, Bojanus, and C. G.
Carus further developed and modified
the original idea." Nor did Oken's coun
trymen by any means stand alone, for
Oe lilain ville and Geoffrey St. Uilaire
in France, and Goodsir, Slaclise, and
iwen in the British Isies, more or less
accepted and modified, ia ditl'erent
ways, the hypothesis propounded.
Oken, indeed, at once pushed his spec
ulation to extremes ; expecting, on a
priori grounds, to fiud the whole trunk,
with its appendages, represented in the
head. He was by no menus content
with assimilating the skull to the back
bone, but insisted on findinir the arms
and legs, the bands and feet, even the
fingers and toes, of the head ; imagining
that the last-mentioned members lin
gers and toes were represented by the
teeth ! Such a conception may betaken
as a good example of those fanciful
notions before referred to, which, not
lieing sustained by objective facts, are
surely destined, as was this, to die out
and to disappear. The Contrmirnr
Ueritw. -
The Kpeed arRailaay Tralaa.
Trains are now rnn at about the rate
of forty miles an honr, sometimes much
faster, aud generally somewhat slower.
The fastest trains in Knglaud run at
sixty miles an hour." To run at this
rate, the pistuu or driving rod of tiie
locomotive must travel at the speed of
8"0 feet per minute, or so rapidly that
it cannoUie seen to move at all. George
Stephenson, the first to claim that the
locomotive could rnn at twelve miles
an hour, was called insane until he
proved it. It was but a few years af
ter this that prominent engineers said
that railway trains could be regularly
run at the rate of l'K) miles an hour; aud
Stephenson was strain called insane
because he said that miles an hour
was as fast as trains could be regularly
and safely run. But it is now dis
covered that he was nearly right, and
locomotive-makersare no longer build
ing engines to run faster than at this
rate. But they are trying, instead, to
save the time lost in taking coal and
water for snppl) ing the engines. On
some lines a long ojten trough, forty
feet long, is laid between the rails.
This is filled with water. As the loco
motive passes at the speed of fifty
miles an hour, a pipe or scoop is low
ered from it into this trough ; the water
is tints flipped np and placed in the
water box for use . by tbe engine.
Another invention is a huge box raised
above the road and filled with coal. As
tbe locomotive passes, it touches a
spring, the box turns instant'y upside
down, and the coal drops into the ten
der, which runs behind the locomotive.
The time which is thus saved will, of
course, make tbe the trips shorter,
without calling for an increase of
speed. It may be that when you are
grown, railway trains will not be ran
any faster than they are now : bat, iu
spite of what George Stephenson has
prophesied, I suspect some future Amer
ican engineer, who is now a boy, will
find means of running them tw ice as
fast as they are now run, and I hope
with trreater safetv to the Dassenzers.
St. XickoUut fur December.
Tcll-Tale Lips.
I have observed that lips become more
or less contracted in the course of years
in proportion as they are accustomed to
express good humor and generosity, or
peevishness and a contracted mind.
Remark the e?ect which a moment of
ill-temper and griidgingness has upon
the lips, and judge what may be expected
from an habitual series of such move
ments. Remark the reverse, and make
a similar judgment. The month is the
frau kest part of the face; it can't con
ceal In the least its sensations. We can
neither hide ill-temper with it nor good;
w e may affect w hat we please, but affec
tation will not help us. Iu a wrong
cause it will only make our observers
resent the endeavor to impose on them.
The mouth is the seat of one class of
emotion, as the eyes are of jinother; or
rather, it expresses the same emotions,
but in greater detail, and with a more
irrepressible tendency to be in motion.
It is the region of smiles, and of .tremb
ling tenderness; of a sharp sorrow, or
a full, breathing joy; of candor, of re
serve, of anxious care, or liberal sym
pathy. The mouth, out of its many
sensibilities, may be fancied throwing
up one great expression into the eye as
many lights in a city reflect a broad
lustre into tbe heavens. Lttyh Hunt.
Frcaea C'aartahia.
In France the parents of the inter
ested ones first consider tbe matter of
their marriage. "Look, Monsieur,"
savs Ma'uia, "here is my daughter, and
all her graces and accomplishments, and
her good heart ; and here, is the dower
I will give with her." "And here,
Madame," says Monsieur, who is very
likely her neighbor or friend, "here is
my son and nis prolmble inheritance;
his education has Is -en what you know ;
his profession and talent, what yon
know, also; as to bis amiability you
shall judge, for I'll give you every
opiortunity of observing; and more
over, wheu be marries, 1 will give the
boy so and so." The youngsters meet
and, unless they are very difficult to
suit, are obliging enough to further
their parents' plan. Aud, on my word,
I believe tbem more dutiful In the Old
World than in the New.
lorra roixvj.
Love IVia Iah-. "Mother, the bir
dies all love father," said a litttle boy
of nve years as he stood with his mo
ther watching the robins enjoy ing their
morning meal of cherries from the old
tree that overlinnir the house.
"Does anybody else love father.
Charlie f
"Oh yes I love him. and yon love
him : but we know more than the birds.'
" hat do you think is the reasou the
birdies love your father T
Charlie did not seem to hear this
question. He was absorbed in deep
thought.
- ".Mother " at last he said, "all the
creatures love father.. My dog ia al
most as glad to see him as he is me.
Pusty, you know, always comes to him,
and seems to know exactly what he is
snvinir. tven the old cow follows bini
all round the-meadow, and the other
day I saw her licking bis hand just as
a dog would, t tuiuK it is occanse
father loves them, mother . You know
he will often getiiD to give dussv some
thing to eat, and he pulls carrots for
the cow, and pats her, and talks to hen
and somehow 1 think his voice never
sounds so pleasant as when he talks to
the creatarea.
"I think his voice sonnds pleasant
when he is talking to bis little boy."
Charlie smiled.
"Father loves me." he s lid, "and I
love him dearly. He lores the birds
too, 1 am sure. He whistles to them
every morning when tney are earing
cherries, and they are not a bit afraid
of him. though he is almost uear
enough to catch them. Mother, I wish
all things loved me as well as they do
tut her. .
Do as father does. Charlie, and they
will. Love all living things, and be
kind to them. Do not sneak roughly
to the dosr. Don't Dull dussv's tail nor
chase the bens, nor try to frighten the
cow. Never throw stones at the birds.
Never hurt or tease anything. Sneak
gently and lovingly to them. Feed them
aud seek their comfort, and they will
love you, and everbody that knows you
will love yon too. 7
And wouldu t that be sweet I said
Charlie, the smiles breaking alt over
his face. "How I wonld like to have
all the dear little, birds cominir about
me, and not being a bit al l aid ! I'll try
to be just like father.
J7ic Slory of a Little Prisw. Queen
Victoria's daughters have all beeu very
carefully educated indeed ; and as for
Queen ictoria herself, why. when she
was a little girl there seems to have
beeu no end to the things that were
expected of her little ladyship. It was
not until she was twelve years old tnat
she understood that she might come to
be queen. Being only a neice of tbe
reigning monarch, William who
had no children, her wise mother did
not want Victoria's head elated with
dreams of a crown she niieht never wear.
However, she one day discovered it by
what we may call an arranged acci
dent, for a genealogical table was slip
tied into her history and there little
Miss touud it. She took it up. so her
old governnesri told the story, and read
ing it said :
"I see that I am nearer the throne
than I thought. I never saw that be
fore." It was never thought necessary that
you should. Princess" replied the gov
ernness. "Now," said the child, after some
moments of thought, "many a child
would boast, but they don't know the
difficulty. There is much splendor,
but there is more responsibility." The
princess lifted up the forefinger of her
ri-lit hand as she sHke. and then put
ting her little band into her teacher's
said: "I wil! lie good. I understand
now why you urged me so much to
learn Latin. .My consin Angustaand
Mary never did. but you told me Latin
is the foundation of English grammar,
and all the elegant expressions, and I
learned it, as you wished it, but I un
derstand it better now. 1 will be
good."' -I
The KtuMti Hearer. The birds make
great fun of human music. Do yon
know why T Because it has laws! Now.
their music has laws, too, but the dear
little things don't know it. A robin
friend of mine, sitting on a window-sill
lately, heard a music-master giving a
little girl her mnsir lesson. He thinks
it the funniest thing in the world, and
assures me, on the authority of the music-master,
that human mnsic is made
eutirely by little hobgoblins, who carry
the sounds up and down the musical
scale or ladder, slowly or rapidly, ac
cording to orders. Mr. Seuiibreve. he
says, is the slowest of them all. Next
conies Mr. Minim, who is ouly half as
slow as Senubreve ; then Mr. Crotchet,
who is half as slow as Minim ; then lit
tle Quaver, who is half as slow as Crot
chet ; then Semi-Quaver, half as slow
asQuaver, and finally Demi-Serai-Qua-ver,
the liveliest li t tie- chap of them all,
who can runup and down the whole
flight, while slow old Semiiireve is rol
ling to the next step. S7. tiithtAa. .
Finger-XhUh Sir Inrhe Ismg. At
first ! couldn't and wouldn't believe it,
but when 1 beard the little fellow say
that lie read the statement in Governor
Seward's book, I gave in. for of coarse
a governor is exacted to tell the exact
troth on all occasions.
What was it f
O, did n't I tell you f Why the little
chap said that rich Chinese uiaudarius
wear long finger-nails, sometimes as
long as six or eight iuches, as a sign
that they do not have to woik. Wheu
nails are as long as this, they are pro
tected by cases of bamboo or of gold.
The nails are polis'jed and stained like
tortoise-shell.
This is good news for lazy boys. All
they have to do is to work their way to
C.'iina.make their fortni e there, and let
their iiiiils grow. lit. Xirholas.
The M'ihl Of Time. You never heard
of siic)i a thing f Why I'll warrant
yon 've alluded to it often and often,
without knowing it- Didn't you ever
seak of such or snrh a matter coming,
going, or happening in "the nick of
time !'' Very well. The little Scbool
ma'aiu s..vs that nick comes from the
German word Si ke, to noil or wink.
So the nick of time, is the wink of time,
or my name is not Jack. St. Sirkola.
. Or Is i a af Sar-Xaaaea.
It is interesting to trace some sur
names back to their original meanings.
The name Latimer is a writer of Latin ;
Barker is synonymous with tanner;
Milner is an old form of miller; I-amler
is a contraction of lavandier, a washer
woman: Banister is the keeper of a
bath ; Tupniau a name familiar to the
readers of the Pickw ick P:iers means
a br-eder of rams, which used to be
called "tux." The names Spinner,
Fuller, Tucker and Dyer are derived
from the wool manufacture carried on
by Flemish colonists, w !m settled in
New England. As a general rule says
Mr. lwer, all names terminating with
er indicate some employmeut or profes
sion ; er is believed to come from the
Anglo-Saxon wer, a man; hence Salter
is saltinan. Miller mill-man; Webster
is the old feminine form of webber.
Spinster of Spinner, Brewster of
brewer.
The New York Produce Exchange
has adopted the rule that a seller of
property has a right to demand payment
for that proerty on delivery of thetitle
to the boyr.
lTIYS IS B&IX7.
The annual sale of Florida curiosi
ties is said to amount to $100,000.
One hundred and eighty wells ar
now going down in the oil regious.
The late William B. Astor had
1.000,000 invested in Massachusetts
bonds.
Harry Melggs, the Californian and
South American railroad king, is dying
of softening of the brain.
There are 23 more seniors at Har
vard than at Yale, 70 more juniors, ;
more sophomores, ami So more fresh
men. Professor Proctor is in his thirty
ninth year, has written twenty-three
books, ami has a wife and eleveu chil
dren.
Mrs. Ida Greeley Smith and her
husband have settled down in the old
house at home on the model farm at
Chappaqua.
The Ohio Penitentiary has now
within iu walls 1,213 convicts, being
the largest number in the history oi
mat institution.
Acollection will be taken no in the
public schools of Virginia, on January
l'J, the birthilav of General K. K. I.ee.
for the benefit of the Lee Monument
Fund.
The late Amasa Walker was quite
successful as a practical financier, what
ever may be thought of his theories, a
he left property amounting in value to
72,200.
West Chester, fa., bavin? recent lv
decided upon starting a public zoologi
cal garden, some generous citizen has
already made a contribution by sending
in a cat.
Deer are unusually plentv iu the
wilds of Hamilton county. N'.'Y".. ami
are iu very fine condition owing to tiie
great aDiiiulance or beech nuts in the
forests there. -
Governor Kemper." of Virginia, re
commends the exemption from taxation
lor a limited time, of the property ol
immigrants and of capital invested in
manufacturing.
Mr. Chauncey Bose, a millionaire .
living In Tt-rre Haute, Ind., has during
the last twentv-five vearst given away
nearly 2,000,000 for charitable and edu
cational purposes. .
Montgomery Queen, the showman,
has bought one hundred African os
triches, and will attempt theiracclimati
aatiou on his farm near Haywood,
Alameda county, California.
They offer a premium at the Oregon
state fair for the man who kills the '
most squirrels in the course of the year, .
and it went, this vear, to an old chap of
over 70, whose taily was 1338.
William II. Brown, of Pittsburg,
wlm lately died, was called the coal
king. He was a oor boy, but died
worth 5,000,000 and was oue of the
largest -oal shippers in the world.
A theater box-office keeper in San
Francisco, has been elected to the State
legislature. He proposes to move his
friends to tiers by his eloquence, and
make his opponents take back seats.
In the recent elections in Nebraska,
Mrs. Mary S. Le Clerq was tbe success
ful candidate for superintendent of rmb- '
lie schools in Franklin county, and Mis
Alice A. Burdock in Harlem" county.
An adopted daughter of Henry Wil
son is living in Norfolk county, Mass. .
Her name is Eva Wilson; she Is ten .
years old, ami is said to be a bright,
intelligent child, loved bv every one.
The ladies of the Mount Vernon
Association of Bichmonil, are going to
hold a grand Centennial hall on the i"-'d
of February, at which all of the dresses
are to be iu the style of 100 years ago.
The legislature of California has
enacted a law which allows every citi
zen w ho w ill plant trees and maintain '
them for three years, a deduction from ,
his taxes of ! for each tree so planted.
Mr. Wylie, the checker player, has
jirt finished a series of ne hundred
and three games in Hartford, Ct., of
w hich he won ninety-three games, and
lost two games, while eight games were
drawn. -
Mr. Ferris, a hunter near iiitter
Creek, Wyoming, killed 325 anteliqie in
three days this winter. His profits on
last winter's huuting amounted to over
1.IJO0. Better hire him to hunt for
Tweed. -
tJovernor Carrol, f Maryland, has
sent to a large number of'states for
copies of the various election law s, iu
order that tbe best provisions of each
may be embodied in a ww U for h l
ow n state. . .. i
The maddest man iu Wisconsin is
John Leigh, of Oconto. He was- a can
didate for member of Assembly, and,
being a conscientious man, voted for
his opponent, who was elected by just
one majority.
Gold is found in large quantities at
Canton, Ga. Mr. Dial, of Canton, is
said to be panning out one bund ret I dol
lars' worth a day by washing the earth.
There is a great deal of exciteiucnt
aliout it around Canton.
Mrs. Myra Clark Gaines, who has
so much prolonged experience in litiga
tion, is in Washington taking prelimin
ary measures in her suit against her
former coursel, Caleb Cushing, United
States minister to Spain.
Bishop Littlejohn, of Brooklyn, will .
olficiate at the consecration of the new .
American chapel at Rome. Italy, on the
25th of March next. The chapel is
rapidly approaching completion, and
iias in its corner-stone a brick from
Independence hall.
Ninety mechanics and artisans,
with their families, have emigrated .
from Pennsylvania and settled on Hood
river, Oregou, and over three hundred
will follow in the spring. They intend
building a college, a woollen mill, a
grist mill, and other educational and
industrial establishments.
A lesson for the strong-minded fe
males is conveyed in a recent election
in Hardin county, Iowa. There were
six candidates for a petty office five
men and one woman. Sixty women
voted, and not one cast a ballot for the
"lone woman," but turning up their
noses at her claims for consideration,
they elected a man.
There are enrolled in the public
schools of the United States 8,000,000
children. In the last fiscal year the
average daily attendance was 4,500,000.
Thirty-seven States and eleven Terri
tories report an increase in the public
school income of 1232,000, and in at
tendance of children ltU.000. The total
sum raised during the year by taxation
was -s2,000,000, and the cost of public
education was about 74,000,000.
The winding up of the going part
of the great clock at Westminster, Lon
don, the weight of whose pendulum is
680 poll in Is, takes ten minutes, but the
winding up of the striking parts the
quarter part and the hour part takes
five hours each, and this has to be done
twice a week. The contract tost of
winding up the clock Is 100 a year.
The error of the clock amounts to only -about
one second for 83 days in the
year, and there is no other clock in the
world of which the same can be said.