POETBI.
Old Bllasl.
(iallaut Graj-beard, can't yon see
You unconscionable bat, you
While roa play the devotee.
That the jirl is tsoghitig it you i
Yoa were handsome in toot day,
Voa are well preserved and thrift t.
Ami your manners, one mar say.
Are anierb, but too are fifty !
1 lou t be foolish, now you're old,
J-'urtuig in thia feeble fashion
Trying on a hearth grown cold
To re-liht a boyish passion.
n bare bad yonr day of youth.
With its tender freaks and fancies ;
ii have known a woman's truth.
And have lived Lore's wet romances.
Ar. I know ber lips are red ;
True, ber curls are black and glwwy ;
a, she bfarfl a dainty bead,
And her eyes are sweet and saury.
l:ut slie knows you act a part.
While you try to tease and please her
r.Ttown, ld Make-believe, your heart
In as dead as Julius Ceuar ;
K iiows it, though a simple girl.
And is laughing while you linger ;
K nnws it well, and, like a curl,
Wind you round her jeweled finger '.
I'.ut if you mnnt art a part ;
ir you cannot drop your feigning,
1 iru j-ou have not in your heart
Such a thing as iove remaining.
Viiue and ittaud with me, my friend
She'll jK-nuit yon- never doubt ber!
i Ki as I do, and pretend
to c-are a ng about her !
IISOI.I.OT.
Arab lloiut-u.
The Ureas of an Arab woman of the
lower class is more simple than elegant;
it consists of a habava a kind of linen
cU-iuise -with wide sleeves tied round
t hfi waist with a cord, like the habit of
a capuchin. Id the street all this is
covered by a haik, which does not,
however, hide her bare legs, adorned
with mlver or copper anklets. She
wears large earrings, which are almost
iniideu ouder the mass of hair twisted
u';otit them, while a profusion of neck
luces amulets, coral and glass beads,
lull over her tatooed neck and bosom.
These things belong to the wife per
wiublly, being settled upon her by a
marriage stipulation in case of aband
onment or divorce. Thus she puts
tiiern ou as often as possible, for the
display of snrli finery is one of the few
pleasures which she enjoys so the most
iA made of it.
Sometimes she dyes her hands, and
uiways her Dails, with the orange tint
of henna, and is fond of the scent
culled sounk. She, like her Moorish
nisters, also attempts to improve upon
nature, blackening the lashes of her
large eyes with koneul. The adjsr
worn in Algiers and other large towns
was unknown before the the time of
Mahomet, who introduced it to serve
his own lxrt-otml jealousy; thus the
distrustful deposition of one man has
condemned all Moslem women to pass
through life with a kerchief over the
face. This law of the Prophet is one
of many which has contributed to de
grade women in her social iosition.
henever they the yonng, at least
can remove the jalouxie, which not
only couetals their charms, but pre
vents them from breathiug the air of
heaven freely, they take it off; thua we
olten meit women nnvailed in the
country, when no Arab is near.
Jf they see one approaching they im
mediately replace the vail, but they are
not equally particular when they meet
altuumi, so that many opportunites of
seeing their faces are offered, even in
the neighborhood of Algiers and Oram
Jn the Kabyiie the adjar is not worn;
for the Kabvlie who makes a compan
ion of his wife, and treats her as his
etial is not so suspicions as the
Arab. Young Arab and Moorish wo
men, we may remark, cover their faces
Ix'cause they are ordered to do so ; the
oJd find it convenient olicy, for, like
charity, it hides many delects. Thus
old women are in general very strict in
wearing the adjar themselves, and are
as little indulgent to young ones who
are caught without it as the jealous
hnsband himself ; the reason being
eivy in one ca.se and mistrust in the
other.
!-ome of the sex allow one eye only
to be seen. These, instead of the
usual adjar, draw their drapery which
covers them from head to foot over
the face, leaving a little hole for the
solitary optic to peep through. We
have often in our rambles in the
country about Algiers, met with women
thus mo Hied up and still more fre
quently in ont-of the way places far
ther oir, who noticing onr apparent
fPulation on the countenance which
tiered only one black eve to guide ns
iu our conjectures, suddenly let the
curtain fall, as they laughingly showed
us a face which had no cause to fear
lieing exposed ; this was done with a
merry look which seemed to say, "How
do you like it? does it please you?"
lu the same way we have seen girls in
the Arab quarter of Algiers, on arriving
at their own homes, take off the adjar
m the threshold, to allow ns a single
glance, as they closed the door on ns,
and our curiosity. "Algt ria an U ',"
i-o'i Catkilt.
Kustrr l loral I'rroraliwn.
It is customary to decorate the fonts
uud chancels of some churches on
I'.aster Sunday, as other occasions with
(lowers ; and an ignoraut fashion re
quires that these flowers should be
white. From time immemorial, in all
countries of the earth, there has been
a symlHlisrn of colors, which, espe
cially in religious ceremonies and dec
orations has been strictly observed and
practiced. According to this svnibo
iisni, two principles, light and darkness,
produce all colors. Light is represen
ted by white, and darkuees by black ;
but as light is not supposed to exist
without lire, red is also used to repre
sent it, and, on this basis, symbolism
admits two primitive colors ml and
white. Ked is the symbol of divine
love ; white the symbol of divine wis
dom and uncreated light, llod, in its
various shades, has ever been used as a
prevailing color in the vestments of
priests, and it so continues in the
Koman Church. Whether from tradi
tion or practice the cushions of our
pulpits and pews and the covering of
the communion tables are of this color.
Iu the great mysteries of Elensis a
child, always initiated in red, performed
a character emblematic of death.
Hence he was called the child of the
sanctuary ;aud, doubtless in reference
to this, the acolyte in the churches ap
pear in red vestments. The artists of
the Middle Ages always gave to Christ,
after his resurrection, robes of red and
white. Yellow was considered as
revelation of the love and wisdom of
tiod, and azure the symbol of divine
eternity ana of human immortality.
From these facts it will appear that if
we undertake, on such occasions to em
blemize, we should do it with studious
care, lest we find ourselves in the com
mittal of an archronism. In placing
flowers on the commnnion table or in
the font, on such festivals, we should
not be limited to white alone, but make
use of such colors as symbolize the
ideas we wish to express. As those
who use flowers for such purpose be
lieve in the divinity of Christ, the pre
vailing colors should be red, white,
yellow and aznre : Hod, as indicating
His divine love ; white aa indicating
His divine wisdom and emanation from
the Father; yellow, as a revelation of
His love ia dying for as ; and azure, as
emblems tie of His immortality and
divine eternity. -
Perhaps also in this selection of the
three primeval colors, red, bine and
yellow, aa symbolizing the attitudes of
the Deity, there may have been a dis
tant reference to the Trinity, or to the
rainbow, as a token of the Creator's
pledge not again to destroy mankind
by a deluge, the rainbow being also
referred to as a visible pledge of his
loving kindness to men. The customs
in symbolizing which prevail in the
Christian Church, all had their origin
ia ages long anterior to its institution.
They were derived from traditions
which came down from the priests and
learned men of Egypt and other East
ern countries, by whom they were need
to convey ideas, and to produce emo
tions in worshippers which their lack
of education prevented them from un
derstanding if presented in any other
way. Henoe a symbol of the rainbow
may have been presented by the use of
the three primary colors in the service
of the temples. In any event the use
of these colors, in such services, dates
back to the remotest ages.
Tbe Longevity of Wwtaeai.
The Loudon Times" says: "At the
monthly meeting of the Institute of
Actuaries, held recently at King's C'-ol-lejre,
Somerset House, an interesting
la r on - the duratiuu of female life
as distinct from that of the male sex,
was read by Mr. Cornelius Walford,
F. 8. S. He showed that the subject
was one which had not attracted much
special attention till a comparatively
recent Jx-l iod, lr. II alley, of liieslau.
who wrote in li'j:5, having evidently
suniMised Iwth sexes to be equally long
lived. Maitlatid, in his 'History of
Ignition,' published ill l?i, was of
opinion that the old idea of there being
mom- females than males iu the world
was a fallacy, the christenings of hoys
within the Kills of Mortality being
three icr cent, greater than those of
gills. Kcrscbooiii, in his investigations
into the mortality of Dutch annuitants
in 174.', sciarated the male rroni the
female lives; but he does not appear in
his tables to have noted any dillcrence
iu 1 heir relative longevity. Four years
later M. 1 cparcicux.iii his ohservat ions
011 the nomim-es of French Tontines,
lays it down that the Vxicctaiicy of
life' is greater in the female than iu the
male at all ages: but he docs not deter
mine the precise ratio. It was the
'Equitable1 Society w hich, ill Kli'J, first
approximated to the truth of the matter
by making a distinction ot rates of pre
mium for each sex. and taking no
female lives under til ty years of age as
in.-iirers except at sm cial rates. The
well-known lr. Price, a great authority
on insurance matters, in 17Tl-:l speaks
incidentally of 'the greater molality of
males as compared with female, as
lM-inir nenerallv acknowledged : and
liiauil, speaking ol the 'Amicable,' says
that in It the lite ol 11 woman as com
pared w ith that of a man is of the same
rooition as two to one.' Mr. T.
Chester, ill 17!. asserted that the dillcr
ence Im-iwccii male and female lives
was in favor of the latter; ami the
siuiie rule was laid down in some
Swedish Tables const rticted by Ir.
1'iiec alsmt the same date. It is only
in the fifth edition of his work 011 this
Kiihjcvt that Dr. Price appears to have
woke up to the iintMii tam e of the ques
tion, in the interest of insurance coin-
naiiies. Mr. Walford then limited the
statements of the Carlisle Tables, of
the I'ailiaiiientarv t omnnttee ot is..,
of M. uetelet, of Messrs. Bailey and
nay. ol Mr. r uuaison, vc as 011 uie
w iiulc showing that from first to last
the expectancy f life is greater ill ttie
female thau iu the male sex. The same
result was arrived at from certain
stat istics of uninsured lives among the
higher and wealthier classes, which
were obtained and tabulated in 174 ; a
result which may be expressed iu the
follow iug terms- viz, that 'at every age
the aggregate mortality from birth up
to such age is greater among males
than among females; and that out of
the same iiiiinU-r of each sex, born
alive, tewer males than females survive
to any given age.' tut the whole the
alove statement is contiinied, added
the reader of the ipcr, by the experi
ence of foreign countries, both 011 the
Continent and iu America. Hut this
must lie understood with some qualifi
cation ; lor, strangely enough, while
the exiH-ctancy of life is greater gener
ally among women than men, most
otliics tinil that of a given numlierot
insured lives 111010 women die than
men. This however, was to be
aiiixiiiUil tor by the fact that whereas
male insurers are drawn from all
classes, only one small class of females,
as a rule, i-ek to insure their lives
namely, women in a state of actual or
expectant pregnancy: and here, as he
believed, lay the secret of the anomaly
w hich had liccti observed."
TraU of Tiealwl Strength.
The great difficulty in judging of the
jrrowih and development of the mind con
sist!) ia the want of any reliable measure of
mental strength any mental dynamometer,
so to speak. Our competitive examinations
are attempts in this direction, but very im
pel feet ones, as experience haa long since
shown. Neither acquired knowledge nor
the power of acquiring knowledge is any
true measure of mental strength. The
power uf solving mathematical problems is
not necessarily indicative even of mathema
tical power, far less of general menial
power. Tbe ordinary tests of classical
knowledge, again, have little real relation
t3 mental strength. It may be urged that
our most eminent men have. fr the most
psrt, been distinguished al school or univer
sity by either mathematical or classical
knowledge, or both. Thi i doublles true:
but so il would tie the case that they would
have distinguished themselves above their
fellows at public school or university if the
heads of these establishments had in their
wisdom set Chinese puzzling as the primary
test of merit. The powerful mind will
show its superiority (in general) in any
task that may be assigued it: and if the test
of distinction is 10 lie the skillful construe
tion of tireek and Latin verse or resdiness
in treating mathematical problems, s youth
of good powers, unless he b wanting in
ambition, will acquire the necessary quali
fications, even though he has no special
taste for classical or mathematical learning,
and is even perfectly assured that in after
life he will never pen a snpphic or set down
an equation of motion. Vy-uf-ir .
ot il Sbe Knew It.
A middle-aged woman had a letter
handed her at the general delivery in
the post office yesterday, and she sat
down on a window sill and read it. Her
interest was intense from the start and
she spoke np and said : "He calls me
his little darling. That's good !" Alter
reading a few lines more she said :
"And he misses my society so much !"
Half way down the page she spoke
again : "And he calls me his sunbeam
his guardian angel 1" She climbed
up on the sill a little further, turned
the letter over and mused : "And he's
lost three pounds of flesh worrying over
my health. He's just a dear, loving
darling, that's what he is!" She
reached the top of the fourth page and
exclaimed : "What ! going to Flint,
eh ?" Further down she growled :
"And he met that red-headed widow
Kerushaw on the cars, eh? I'll see
about that. He probably didn't tell
her he was married I" She got down
to the 'T. S.," glanced over a couple
of lines, and then yelled right out:
"Not coming home till next week !
Trains snowed in ! Great press of
business ! I'll see whether he isn't
coming! Bnb, where' the telegraph
offiae ?" And she ran across the street
and sent him a dispatch which made
the operator'! hair stand np as he re
ceived and read it
The key to an uncertain gate Whiskey.
- iealCTLTTHL.
Okchabd Grass. Two bushel of
seed to the acre (14 pounds to the
bushel) is not too much ; but twenty
pound of nice clean seed will insure a
good set. To sow lees than twenty
pounds is "penny wise ana pouna
foolish, for less than twenty ponnds
will not produce a perfect sod, and all
the ground not sodded over is, of course
lost, I believe August to be the best
time for sowing orchard grass. I sowed
this year a small lot in August to rye
and orchard grass. About the twenty
fiftv of next April I shall mow the rye.
which will make a fine lot of feed, and
by mowing so early, it will not inter
fere with the grass, ana will protect 11
during the winter. I believe this to be
even better than sowing the grass
alone. Most fanners wish to sow grass
seed with wheat or oats. If orchard
grass is sown with either of these, it
should be sown in Much, I soil all my
stock, and consider orchard grass the
best of all grasses for soiling, for the
following reason : its earliness, lateness
rapidity of growth, and the preference
stock have for it. All these qualities
combined make it the best of all
grasses for soiling. It does not make
as much feed as corn fodder, but it
does not require the work that corn
fodder does, and yon are obliged to
manure yonr corn fodder land to keep
it up, while orchard grass improves
land every year. Stock never tire of
the grass as they do of the fodder. If
sown about the first of March, it is not
necessary to harrow the seed in al
though a light harrowing will do no
harm.
Why do Bees Swakm. The question
is often asked why do bees swarm.
We answer simply because they were
so created. Like the animal and insect
world, to multiply and increase the
species, which is just as natural when
conditions are favorable as the "sparks
to fly upwards but one tells ns "they
only swarm when forced to it." This
is contrary to the law of nature. From
the beginning of time bees have been
known to swarm, and strange to say
their flight has been toward the setting
sun yes, even in advance of civiliza
tion, they have reached the "far west"
Bees will swarm when the conditions
are favorable, even when their domicile
is not one-fourth filled.
Strarming. For some days before
swarms issue the bees may be seen
clustering at the entrance of their hive
though we have seen some swarms
that would come forth when but little
or no indication of a swarm. When
honey is abundant and bees plenty, you
may look for them to come forth at
almost any time from the hours ot ten
to three in the afternoon, (first b warms j
second and third from seven in tbe
morning until four in the afternoon
Have yon your hives ready, and in a
oool place. Be sure they are both
clean and sweet They will need no
washing of herbs, or salt water, or
whiskey to indnee them to stay. They
need not be protected from the hot
sun. Should the sun strike the hive,
it is very spt to compel the bees to
leave they cannot stay where it is too
warm to work their wax.
Sou 1x0 Clovkr Seed. The plan of
sowing clover seed on the snow, when
there is any on the grain fields this
month, is one which has many advan
tages. The seeds can be distributed
very regularly, and the snow in melt
ing carries them down into the
crevices of the soil, where they are
ready to germinate. If not so sown, it
is preferable to wait until the frost is
out of the ground and lightly harrow
them in, and roll. On most soils a
bushel of seed is shfficient to sow five
acres. In the South, fall sowing is be
lieved to be preferable. A good article
from a practical hand was given in last
month's Farmer on getting a set of
clover, which it will be worth while to
refer to. The value of clover as a
forage plant and as a fertilizer begins
to more and more appreciated, and en
terprising farmers all through the
South, in sections where it was formerly
supposed it would not flourish are giv
ing practical demonstrations to the
contrary.
Cocks' Comb as Food. The combs
of Spanish and Leghorn fowls are sold
in some parts of Europe as choice deli
cacies for the palates of those who sigh
for fresh appetizers. Under the name
of "Cretes de Coo,," a supply of these
morsels has been recently imported
hither from Paris. The combs are of
large size, both single and rose, and
are put in white vinegar, in long tubu
lar glass bottles, holding about a pint,
lealed with black wax. When we say
tha I these small bottles cost at whole
sale in Paris more than a dollar in gold
each, the reflection is forced that many
a large combed rooster may in future
be sacrificed to Mammon as many were
offered np to Escnlapius. There are
enough large combs in the yards of
some of our breeders to make a fortune
if they could be utilized. We hope,
however, the combs on the Mediterra
nean class will be reduced in size, as
many large ones amount to positive
deformity.
Light Braumas. This is one of the
noblest breeds of our domestic fowls
is well adapted for town or country,
but looks best on clean grass runs.
No fowls are larger, their flesh is excel
lent, they fatten readily and are excel
lent winter layers; also very good
setters and fair mothers. For general
usefulness, perhaps, cannot be over
rated, and no breed has so widely
grown into public favor.
In size and quality they are similar
to the dark variety bnt different in
color. Their color is more easy to
breed to -feather," and is more easily
soiled bv the dust and smoke of the
town. They are withal a magnificent
fowl, and their quiet habits and
pleasant disposition with their many
good qualities render them universal
favorites.
A Good Laws. The first great re
quisite in making a lawn is to have
good drainage, after which prepare the
ground by deep ploughing and also by
snbsoiling, the soil requiring to be
well pulverized and enriched, to ex
pect any success in our hot climate.
A good lawn is one of the most
pleasant appendages to a honse ; but
to make it so, it requires to be well at
tended to, both in formation and by
keeping it mown every two weeks at
farthest, using the most approved lawn
mower. By doing so you will soon
have a lawn like a carpet Inexperi
ence and neglect have been the causes
of numerous failmes.
Bctuhsq and Fekces. Fine weather
in this month may be chosen for out
door painting and repairing. The ab
sence of flies and dust, and the slower
drying of the paint ill go far to bal
ance the inconvenience of cold fingers.
Painting is a job that may be done in
mittens. Fences should be made
secure, before more pressing work
causes this to be forgotton. No smaller
nail than a "tenpenny" should be used
for a board fence. A few ponnds of
No. 9 wire are useful in securing the
top-rails, or the riders, if ent into
lengths of 18 inches, and twisted around
them, or the stakes where they cross.
If yon find the fleece of nearly equal
fineness from the shoulder to the thigh
of nearly equal length on the shoulder,
rib, thigh and back ; and of equal den
sity on the shoulder and across the
loins you msy conclude that yon have
J a nearly perfect sheep.
scion Ft c.
CHAUL IS ABTIF1CLA1, Feu. We
have remarked paragraphs in sundry
home and acientino journals relative to
the utilization of chalk, such as is
found in natural beds, as a source of
heat - Various descriptions of im
proved fuel have appeared, in which
the above material has been mixed with
bituminous coal and various earthy
substances, and the compound thus
produced is stated to have increased
calorific properties. How this result
can be directly ascribed to any active
effect of the chalk, we fail clearly to
comprehend.
. Chalk is a body already the result of
a combination of carbonic acid and
lime. By heating at a high tempera
ture, the material may be decomposed ;
and it absorbs an amount of heat
equivalent to that produced at the
moment of combination. Carbonic
add and lime result and these them
selves are also burnt bodies, neither of
which can individually produce heat
If the carbonic acid, after contact with
an incandescent combustible is trans
formed into carbonic oxide, it is simply
through the absorption of exactly the
quantity of heat which would be pro
duced by the transformation of car
bonic oxide, in turn, into carbon io acid.
So that theoretically and according to
all present chemical ideas, it is impos
sible to conoeive that lime, no matter
in what form it be utilized, can be a
source of heat
It remains therefore to account for
the advantageous results which are
claimed to have been secured by the
admixture. In domestic heating, the
types of apparatus commonly employed
are the grate and the stove. A grate
fire utilizes about one tenth of the heat
developed by the combustible, that is,
about this fraction goes to warm the
room, while the remaining nine tenths
flies up the chimney. It is radiant
heat that warms our apartments. Now
if, by mixing chalk or limestone with
the fuel, the combustion is retarded,
the chalk, by absorbing a portion of
the heat which otherwise would be
lost, serves to increase the radiating
surface, it thus probably augments the
quantity of beat utilized.
' In stoves an analagous state of affairs
exists, and it is not impossible to con
ceive that such, in the instances noted,
may be advantageous. But for the
production of steam, wherein active
combustion is required, it is certain
that the addition of such foreign matter
to the fuel can exercise no usef ul effect
Scientific American.
Daxqeks op Bekzisb Bootjrhg. M.
Dumas, at a recent meeting of the
French Academy of Sciences, stated
that, in examining the process of
scouring fabrics as usually practiced
by cleaners of old clothes (washing in
benzine), he had discovered a novel
and dangerous cause of fire. Work
men engaged in this industry had fre
quently complained of the benzine be
coming inflamed during the scrubbing ;
and iu order to test the question, M.
Dumas caused a piece of cashmere to
be dipped in for a length ol IS feet.
Everv time the stuff oartiallv emercred
from the bath, while being rubbed be
tween the hands, a sharp pricking sen
sation upon those members and on the
face was felt ; and finally sparks were
emitted from the fabric, sufficient, if
the scouring had been briskly continued
to have ignited the inflammable fluid.
5L Charles Tellier has invented a
refrigerator of which methylic ether is
the freezing agent The meats and
other substanoes which are to be pre
served are placed in a large chamber
into which is injected sir at zero. The
meat loses part of its water and becomes
covered with a thin dry crust, which
must be removed at the moment of
using ; it will then be found to have
entirely resisted putrefaction, no matter
how long it may have been kept Even
in the case of game which has become
somewhat turned in flavor the work of
decomposition is arrested, and flesh of
any sort treated by this process may be
afterwards exposed to the sir without
injury. A large leg of mutton experi
mented on once during the three sum
mer months merely dried a little without
manifesting a symptom of decomposi
tion. r H otoo ra r n e Ra in France are still
trying to take photographs in natural
colors. The process they employ is ss
follows : Three negatives are taken in
the camera ; the first through the red,
the second through orange-red, the
third through violet glass. From these
three carbon prints are made ; under
the first negative he exposes a film of
bichromatized gelatin, having a red
tint ; nnder the second, a similar film
of a blue color, and nnder the third a
yellow film. The three impressions
terminated, he superposes these three
monochromes, and obtains sn image in
which all the different tints of the
original are found.
Closing Cbacks u Cast Inos Stoves.
Good wood ashes are to be sifted
through a fine sieve, to which is to be
added the same quantity of clay finely
pulverized, together with a little salt
The mixture is to be moistened with
water enough to make a paste, and the
crack of the stove filled with it The
cement does not peel off or break away,
and assumes an extreme degree of
hardness after being heated. The
stove must be cool when the applica
tion is made. The same substance
may be used in setting the plates of
a stove, or in fitting stove pipes, serving
to render all the joints perfectly tight
Fish Bones as .Fertimzebs. The
Monitcur Induntriel lirlye states that
German manufacturers are purchasing
the fish bones gathered along the Nor
wegian shores, which result from the
extensive fish-curing stations there
located. These bones make a fine
fertilizer, and, when pulverized by
suitable machinery at the points of
collection, are readily transported.
The same journal suggests the more
extended utilization of the bones from
the establishments in Newfoundland,
and estimates the product from Ameri
can fisheries at twenty million pounds
a year.
Couposmos of OatxeaIj. According
to the analyses of Dnjardin-Beaumetz,
oatmeal consists of water, 8.7 per cent ;
fat 7.5 ; starch, 6.40 ; nitrogenous
matter, 1L7 ; mineral matter, 1.5 ;
cellulose and loss, 7.6. It contains two
per oent of nitrogen, while wheat
according to Payen, contains 1.64 per
cent ; rye, L75 per cent ; rice, 1.08
per cent Boussingault found in oat
meal, 0.0131 per cent iron, contrasting
with 0.004ft per cent in flesh and
wheaten bread. It is probably, there
fore, a trifle more nourishing than the
flour of other species of grain.
Feat Paper. M. Bertmeyer has re
cently exhibited, in the Polytechnic
Society of Berlin, specimens of paper
and pasteboard obtained from the pro
ducts of the peat beds about Kcenigs
berg, the quality of which is said to be
excellent The pasteboard was 24
inches thick, and sufficiently hard and
solid to admit of planing and polishing.
The paper made from peat alone was
brittle, like that manufactured from
straw ; but the addition of fifteen per
cent of rags produced the reqnsite
toughness.
Rock or swamp maple is a better
step for a turbine than either ugnmn
vitie or elm. Cast iron is useless.
Maxsne.
KKKPtNO HoCS ON A SMALL SALABT.
After many years of married life
passed in comparative affluence reverses
came, and my hnsband was obliged to
accept a situation in a large city, with
a small salary of eight hundred dollars
per year. I felt that this eonld suffice
for our maintenance only by the exer
cise of the strictest economy. Still I de
termined to solve the problem of the
day namely, whether one could keep
honse on a small salary, or whether
boarding-house life was a necessity, as
so many clerks' wives assert
Thirty replies were received to onr
advert'sement for two unfurnished
rooms, without board. Looking them
over carefully, I selected half a dozen
which came within our means, and
started on an exploring expedition. In
a pleasant honse and neighborhood I
found a lady willing to rent two adjoin
ing rooms, with closets and water con
veniences, for the modest sum of twelve
dollars per month. In one room there
were two deep south windows, where I
could keep a few plants in the winter.
I consulted mj husband, and with his
approval engaged the rooms.
We had one hundred and seventy
five dollars, ready money. With this
we bought bright, bnt inexpensive car
pets, a parlor cook stove, an oiled black
walnut set of furniture, a table, a
student lamp, a few dishes, and some
coal. With the few pictures, a rack
of books, and some ornaments in our
possession, we decked the rooms taste
fully, and commenced the serious busi
ness of keeping house on eight hundred
dollars per year. We determined from
the first that we would not have any ac
counts, but would pay cash for every
thing, and when we oould not afford an
article, do without it After paying
rent and washerwoman we had fifty
dollars per month for other expenses,
Twenty dollars of this furnished a
plentiful supply of food and paid car
fare. I learned to love work. Strength
came with each day's labor, and renewed
health repaid each effort put forth to
make my little home pleasant and rest
ful to my husband. And how we did
enjoy that little home !
When the stormy nights came, we
drew our curtains, shutting out the
world, with a bright fire, and the soft
glow of onr reading-lamp upon the
crimson cloth, reading a magazine or
evening paper, (in which we were able
to indulge), with a "Uod pity the poor
this dreadful night," forgetting in our
oozy and comfortable home how many
there were in the great city who would
call ns poor. We always kept within
my husband's salary, wearing plain bnt
;ood and respectable clothing, and eat
ing simple but substantial food. And
now, as circumstances have been im
proving with ns, and we are living in a
house all our own, with servants, and
thousands instead of hundreds a year,
we look back to the year spent in our
simple, frugal little home, and know
that it will always be the happiest por
tion of onr lives. Scribncr't Magazine.
To Make SirEEPSKrs Mats. Wash
while fresh in strong soapsuds, first
picking from the wool all the dirt that
will come out A little kerosene, a ta-
blaspoocful of three gallons of water,
will aid in removing the impurities.
Continue to wash the skin in fresh suds
till it is white and clean. Then dis
solve a half pound each of salt and
alum in three pints of boiling water.
put it into water enongh to cover the
, - i-i 1 1 , , - .1 1
BKin, wnicn snouiu bob, iu me boiuuuu
twelve hours, and then be hung on a
line to drain. When nearly dry, nail it
wool-side on a board, or side of 1 barn.
to dry. Bub into the skin an ounce
each of pulverized alum and saltpeter,
and if the skin is very large, double
the quantity. Bub for an hour or two.
Fold the skin sides together, and lay
the mat away for three days, robbing
it every day, or till perfectly dry. Then
with a blunt knife clear the skin ol im
purities, rub it with pumice or rotten
stone, trim it into shape, and you have
a door mat that will last a lifetime.
Clogged Lamp Wick. The light
often is unsatisfactory while all is ap
parently in good order. It should be
borne in mind that, though the wick is
but very gradually burned, it is con
stantlv becoming less able to conduct
the oil. During several weeks some
Quarts of oil are slowly filtered through
the wick, which stops everv particle of
dust or other matter that will with the
utmost care be in the best kinds of 01L
Tb result is, that the wick, though it
is of sufficient length and looks as good
as ever, has its conducting powers
greatly impaired, aa its pores, so to
speak, or the minute channels by which
the oil reaches the place to be burned.
becomes gradually obstructed. It is
often economy to substitute a new wick
for an old one. even if that be plenty
long enongh to serve for some time to
come.
CHTLBLAnt Remedy. When chilblains
manifest themselves, the best remedy,
not only for preventing their ulcerating,
but overcoming the tingling, itching
pain, and stimulating the circulation
of the part to healthy action, is the
liniment of Belladona, two drachms ;
the liniment of aconite, one drachm ;
carbolic acid, ten drops ; to collodion
flexile, one ounce : painted with
camel's hair pencil over the surface.
When the chilblains vesicste, ulcerate,
or slough, it is better to omit the
aconite, and apply the other com
ponents of the liniment without it
The collodion flexile forms a coating or
protecting film, which excludes the air,
while the sedative liniments allay the
irritation, generally of no trivial nature.
Whes a MrsiCAL Education Should
Beoiw. A writer in A ppltfon' Journal
thinks that "The frequently-adopted
plan of waiting to see whether children
'have any taste' or 'show any love' for
music is a wrong one. No child would
prefer practising scales to playing ball;
and few boys, if the cultivation of
their tastes depended upon the whims
of their ever-flying fancies, would turn
into educated men. First give them
the opportunity of forming s taste, and
for its development trust to the
a?sthetie element of their nature.
Curb fob Colds. The severest
catarrhal cold can be removed in about
ten hours by a mizturenf carbolic acid.
ten drops : tincture of iodine and
chloroform 7.5 drops. A few drops of
the mixture should be heated over a
spirit lamp, in a test tube, the mouth
of which should be applied to the
nostrils as soon as volatilization is ef
fected. Tha operation should be effected
in about two minutes, when, after the
patient sneezes a cumber of times, the
troublesome symtoms rapidly disappear.
Suoab B.vaps. One cup of butter ;
two cups of sugar, four cups of flour,
one egg. stir sugar and butter to a
cream ; add the egg well beaten and a
small teaspoonful of water with a
quarter of a teacupful of soda dissolved
in it ; stir half a spoonful of cream tar
tar into the flour ; loll out very thin and
bake in a moderate oven. By adding a
tableepoonful of the best ginger yon
will have excellent ginger snaps.
Goodnattrkd Peoflb. The specially
social qualities are good nature, amia
bility, the desire to please, the kind.
ness of heart that avoids giving oflenes
and cannot bear to hurt any one s feel.
lngs. A good-natured person msy
frankly disagree with yon, but he never
offends.
The difference there is between honor
and honesty seems to be chiefly
in the motives. The honest man does
that from duty, which the man of honor
does for the sake of character.
nroioc. '
"There. mT dear
wife, there is the set of jewelrv which
you so long waited for," said a De
troiter as he laid a package before his
wife the other evening. '
"Oh ! yon dear oiu aaruug,
much did it cost ? she inquired as she
tore off the paper.
only -t, ne repiieo, cmraij.
1J what's thia mark. $3.50.' on
the card for ?" as she held it np and
looked at turn witn suspicion in st
eyes.
- . .... . , 1 1 1
mat thai mark wny, mat means
they paid only $8.50 to have the jewelry
made! ne repnea. just mm,
darling, of their grinding a poor, hard
working artisan down to SS.50 !"
Kh u fttisflMl with the explana
tion, and he whispered to himseif :
"What a mule 1 was not u cnange
that $3.50 to $-50."
A summer episode, as evolved by
little Johnny : Last summer our dog
Towser was a lying in the sun a trine
to aleen- but the flies was that bad. he
cuddent, cos he had to cetch em, and
bime by a bee lit on his hen, ana was
a wokitig about like the dog was his'n.
Towser he hel his hed still, and, when
the bee was close to his nose, Towser
winked at me. like he said yon see what
this duffer is a doin, he thinks I'm a
lilly of the valley which issent open
vet. but von iust wait till I blossom and
yon will see some fun, and snre enuff
Towser opened his mouth very slo so as
not to fritten the bee. and the bee went
inside Towser's mouth. Then Towser
he shet his dreamy eyes, and his mouth
too, and had begun to make a peacefle
smile wen the bee stung him, and you
never see a lilly of the valley ack so in
of your life. '
A gentleman- occupied all day, but
havinff some hours of leisure in the
evening, instead of advertising for
books to write up, has set np a semi
suburban private patrol, charging his
neighbors 5 a month watching tneir
premises. VY hen asked wneuier ne oiu
not find it exhausting to work all day
and walk around all night he admitted
franklv that he only visited his cus
tomers once a month, and that was to
collect "But don't they find you out?"
said the querist "Oh uo," he replied,
"they hear the burglars going round
and trying the doors, and they think
it's me."
Thb late Hon. Sam Galloway, of
Columbus, Ohio, was a remarkably
homely man. On one occasion, while
dining with a personal and political
friend in Chillicothe, the six or seven
year old daughter of his host, who had
been intently studying Gallaway s face.
said, loud enough to be heard by all at
table: "Ma, didn t that man a mamma
love children mighty well?'' "Why
so. my dear ?" asked her mother. "Oh
just 'cause she raised him."
Inspired being : "Whence, oh.
whence, ladies, whence, oh, whence
came the marvelous instinct that
prompted tbe minute being originally
contained in this fragile egg-shell to
burst the calcareous envelope that se
cluded it from the glories of the out
ward world? Chorus of admiring
ladies : Whence, oh, whence, indeed,
Mr. Honeycomb ?" Master Tommy :
"Perhaps the little beggar was afraid
he'd be boiled V Punch.
A Vermont school-master says he
never felt unequal to any demand iu
the line of his profession, excepting on
one occasion, when a farmer brought
his bouncing fifteen year old daughter
to the school, and walking np to the
master's desk, said : "That's my
youngest gal, and if ever yoa caU-h her
slidm down hill with the boys, 1 just
want yoa to trounce her."
On arriving at Calais, France, on
her way to make the grand tour, an
t-nglish lady was surprised and some
what indignant at being termed, for the
first time in her life, "a foreigner."
"You mistake, madame," said she to
the libeler with some pique : "It is
you who are the foreigners. We are
English."
An old farmer riding a 1 timber wagon
with his son, when passing over a rough
place fell off, and coming into close
contact with tbe wheel, he cried out,
"My neck is broke I" His sou expres
sing some doubt as to the case being
qnite so bad, the old man responded
with some spirit, "Don't you s'puse I
know 1"
"1 hadn't a chance like some boys,"
remarked a man in the street-car yes
terday, as ho squirted tobacco juice
over the straw; "my father was too poor
to. give me an education." "Bnt if I
had been he," replied a lady, as she
gathered up her skirts, "I'd have given
you manners or broken my neck trying
it!"
Even in the saloons, opinion.? upon
grave subjects are expressed forcibly.
A gentleman slightly under the influ
ence of the intoxicating bowl furnished
proof of this fact, a night or two ago.
"Whisky, zur," hesaid, "hits brightens
the intellect It ought to be introduced
into the public schools, zur."
Old bachelor uncle "Well, Charles,
what do you want now?" Charlie
"Ob, I want to be rich." Uncle
Rich ! Why so ?" Charlie "Because
I want to be petted, and ma says you
are an old fool, and must be petted be
cause yon are rich. Bnt it's a great
secret, and I musn't tell !"
Barber (irho had been rubbing away
quite viyorount). "This isn't Bay
Bum. after all ; it's my Cough Mixture !
No idea how it got in with the other
bottles. Don't be frightened, Sir ;
there's nothing hurtful in it Two
thirds molasses !"
Josh Billings says he once knew a man
wno woman t even set a gate post witn
out having the ground analyzed to
ascertain if it contained thu nrour
ingredients for post holes.
"Why is it" asks an exchange, "that
nearly every Senator's wife in Washing
ton is a handsome woman?" It is
simply because nearly every Senator's
wife who is not a handsome woman is
left at home.
A countryman going into the probate
office where the wills are kept in huge
volumes on the shelves, asked if they
were all Bibles ! "No, sir," replied one
of the clerks, "they are testaments."
"I want to know," said a creditor,
fiercely, "when you are going to pay
me what you owe me ?" "I give it up,"
replied the debtor ; ask me something
easy."
Wb abb told that "the evening wore
on," but we are not told xrhnt the
evening wore on that occasion. Was it
the "close" of a "snmmer day ?"
"GooD-JfORsrso, Smith ; you look
sleepy;" "Yes," replied Smith, "I
was np all night" "l"p ! where?"
"Up-stairs, in bed."
A Welltrism "A play upon words,"
as the fireman said hen he thrust his
hose into the bookseller's shop to pnt
ont the names.
Mrs. Partinoton is collecting auto
crats and will be grateful for specimens
of the hand writing of any extinguished
character.
"Or what beverage did Julius Caesar
die?" "Of Koman punch administered
by Brutus."
' Beaver
The daui of the beaver is uiteuded to
arrest A stream in such a way as to
the water, and form a tranquil
htk?.on tirbaeof which the ant
maf builds hi lodge of beaten earth.
The chosen place is near the woods.
The beaver chooses a tree, not very
largeTnd cntt deeul w,th H
Thftme being nearlv cut J tMte
instinct of the animal tells him where
lo give the final bite, to cause the tree
to fall in a favorable direction.
When the tree is down the beaver
proceeds to cut off the. branchy and
then cuts the branches in to Jengths of
from three to live feet These are. not
to be set upright, but are laid horizon
tally, at the bottom of the water, and
covered with earth and stones to pre
vent their rising to the surface, or from
being earned off by the current.
When the layers of logs, which have
lieen deprived of limbs and bark, are
of a sufficient height, the work la con
solidated by mud, which the beayew
carry and apply by means of their, fiat
tails, forepaws, and even their mouths.
In time the embankment, beaten with
their flat tails, acquires great solidity:
and they have been seen covered with
a rich and plenteous vegetation- Some
times even forest treesare found grow
ing en them, the roots of which con
tribute to hold together the materials
of which they are composed-
When the water runs slowly, the
beaver builds his lodge on thr border
of the basin formed by the dam in a
right line When the current is rapt
the dam is iu a curved line, with the
ronvexitv directed against the stream.
Sometimes it is two or three rods
long, with a breadth of three or four
rods, ami eoustructed on a slope. 1 he
beaver's lodge is double; one part is
entirely under water, while the other
is above. It is built almost in the form
of a half circle, like the Esquimaux
huts. Each of these lodges is two or
three roils in diameter, and contains
many inhabitants, with their provision
of bark for the season of winter. In
these abodes the animals are protected
airaiust the attacks of most animals.
There are few. except men, who try to
or succeed iu breaking down the strong
walls of earth to which the cold of win
ter gives the hardness of stone. During
the time the fashion of beaver hats
rlourished.tbe number of these interest
ing colonies was much reduced. But
few are now to be met with, except in
the difficult to be explored solitudes
which extend to the northwest of
Canada.
The Strwcth of WsxmI ! In
KIHeiewey ! Ik Ax.
. In a recent volume of the annals of
the Forest Aeademv, at Mariabrun,
nar Vienna, Prof. W. F. Exner gives
a novel and highly instructive analysis
of the elasticity and strength of wood.
its resistance 10 splitting, ami iue
use of the wedge, the ax, Jcc Tbe im
portance of these matters he shows to
be very great because great industries
depend upon the facility with which
wood can be split, and upon the appli
cability of certain kinds of wood. Hav
ing deduced a few simple formulas to
. U Aff . n,l iK.
f power of the wedge, he develops a for
i mula for the force with which an az is
I handled, and shows what curve should
be given to the face or cheek of the ax,
in order to secure, nnder certain con
ditions the last waste of power. By
1 these formula he is able to demon
i strate that the splitting efficiencies of
I the best axes made in Vienna, Prague
i and America, are to each other as 13.3,
j !.2, and 4.'J, respectively ; and apply-
I perimeuts of Nordlingen, he is able to
! various woods can be split
) In England, people who refuse to
' have their children vaccinaated are put
in prison, and welcomed with torch -'
light possessions when they come out
Every Englishman claims the rights
' for his children to have small-pox as
' guaranteed by Migna Charts.
A Wrong Cantoni Corrected.
It is quite generally the custom to
take gti-Hig liver stimulant for the
cure of liver complaint, anil both the
mineral and vegetable kingdoms have
been diligently searched to procure the
most drastic and Miisonous purgatives,
in order to produce a powerful effect
upou the liver, and arouse the lagging
and enfeebled oriran. This system of
treatment is on the same principle aa
that of giviug a weak and debilitated
man l.ire portions of brandy to enable
linn to do a certain amount of work.
When the stimulant is withheld, the
orgau, like the system, gradually re
lapses into a more torpid or sluggish
and weakened condition than before.
What then is wanted! Medicines,which
while they cause the bile to How freely
from the liver, as that organ is toned
into action, will not overwork and thus
debilitate it, but will, when their use is
discontinued, leave the liver strength
ened and healthy. Such remedies are
found in Dr. I'ierce's liolden Medical
I Mscovery and I'rrrgative Pellets.
A CI RC OF LIVEli IMSKAsK.
Ri sk, Texas, May loth, 173.
Dr. K. V. PiERt e. Btitialo, X. Y.:
Veur Sir My wife hist year at this
time, was confined to her bed with
Chronic Liver Disease. 1 had one of
the lest doctors to see her, and he gave
her iid to die. when I came tiDon some
of your medicine. I bought one bottle
aud commenced giviug it. Mte then
weighed pounds; now she weighs
Ito pounds, and is robust and hearty.
She has taken eight bottles in all, so
yon see I am au advocate for yonr
Medicines.
WILLIAM MEAZEL.
U:M Tilt SlTKlS orT,'Bl'KFAI.OBII.I..'
Holland House, Kockford, 111., April
2t. 1M. Dr. U. V. Pif.k e. Buffalo. X.
Y.: Sir I have now taken four bottles
of your fiolden Medical Discovery in
connection with your Pellets, and must
sa? that nothing I have ever taken for
my liver has done nie a much good. I
feci like a new mau. Thanks to your
wouiicrriii menicine.
7 W. F, CODY. ("Buffalo P.ill.")
.10,ntH) Reward can safely be offered
for a more infallible cure for Piles than
AXAKESIS. The cures performed by
this wonderful remedy are simplv mi
raculous. Lotions, ointments and in
ternal remedies produce more harm
than good, but AXAKESIS ia an exter
nal remedy, a simple suppository, sup
ports the tumors, acts as a soothing
poultice and medicine, gives instant
relief and cures aluuilutlv All ltw.
tors nrescri he AXAKKSIS l'rw ai
.-ent iree iy mail on receipt of price.
.naKesis uepoi, vi walker SU, .New
York o
K- F. Kaakel's Blller Wise
roa.
This truly valuable tonic has beea so tho
roughly tested by all classes of tbe commu
nity that it is now deemed Indispensable as
a tome meuiciae. it costs but little, puri
ties the blood and gives tone to the stomach,
renovate the system and prolongs life.
Even body should have it.
For the cure of Weak Stomachs, General
Debility, Indigestion, Diseases of the Stom
ach, and for all eases requiring a tooie.
This wine includes the most arreeable
and efficient Salt of Iron we possess Citrate
ol .Magnetic Unite, combined with the most
energetic of vegetable tonics Yellow Peru
vian hark.
Do you want something to strengthen
you?
Do yoa want a good appetite?
Do yoa want to get rid of nervooaoesa ?
Do yoa want energy ?
Do you want to steep well ?
Do yon want to builJ np yonr constitu
tion! Do you want to feel well ?
Do you want a brisk and vigorous feeling'
If job do, try KLNKKL'S BITTER WINE
OF IRON.
I only ask a trial of this valuable tonic
Beware of counterfeits, as Kunkel's Bit
ter Win of Iron ia tha only sure and effec
tual remedy ia the knows world for the per
mnnsul cure of Dyspepsia and UebiUty, and
as there are a number of inuiaiifias caerei
to the public, I would caution the tonm,.
aity to purchase none but the genuine uni.
ele, manufactured by U. F. Kubkel, aa,j
having his stamp on the cork of every ok.
tie. The very fact that others are attempt!
isg to imitate this valuable remedy, prorn
iu worth, and speaks volumes in its faror
Sold only in $1 bottles. Sold by l)ru.
gists and dealers everywhere. 9
Tarswoaa Bshovbd A lit a. Head U(i
all complete, in two hours. No fee till bvj
passes. Seat, Pin aud Stomach Worm,
moved by Da. Kou 259 Noth .N,st,
Stbbst. Advice free. Come, see over l.n
specimens and be convinced. lie arte,
look:
75.CC0 Eoclittls xpberr7 Harts!
$6 per 1,000.
Address, C. HOPKINS,
Stilmux tut..,,
SHOW CASES!
SHOW CASES!
AH atrlea, Sttrxr Xmutted and Walnut, a.,
econd.haijd. UrcuMj i keO fur tt'tuiu ;
OUCJITkKa. 1U&H!V1.NU. Sloan NX
norms aud orFics rchrrrRg an KM,
Tbs lanrat and beat aawrtaU atuca, iwa
iii mil hin 1 la Kbs City.
LKW W Ac lilCO.. ;n,
len. lftts. tec as Ktt aiix.it iiur,,u.
VICK'S
FLORAL GUIDE
FOR 1875.
Published quarterly. The J touary Sut.
ber is aow ready. It euutaius over pjs
pages. 500 illustrations, auJ a drxcri,tiJa
of 506 of I he finest Jtorn and rryjJ;
giving also directions how to cultivate tb.B.
A colored plat is added to lb- Flush
Quids. It is the nw-l awful and ,,,
handsomely brought out work of tl.i- kiu I
Only H Cents per annum. Is puMislo-d i
English and German. Address,
JAMES VICK,
Rochester, N. T.
l-uuk
FREDERICK SPIECKER,
fitt-Zir-.: :9ii-f-
Sag $"..' 3W:-r
WHOLE A LI DCALEI !
Leaf Tobacco, Cigars, Pipes,
Smoking and Chewing
Tobacco,
OF THE BEST BKASDrt.
NO. 152
PH1LALEL1'U1A.
Only Agent fer U. S. Solid Top t'iar
Mould.
Cigar Stores can be supplied.
I HIT
HORSEMEN !
OWM'RS r VHM K!
Save Your Horses and Catlle!
CURE THEM OP DISEASE AND KhtP
THEM IN A HEALTHY CONDITION
BY GIVINU THEM
M. B. ROBERTS'
CEI.E13UATK1
TRAOC
ARK.
HORSE POWDERS.
IN USE OVER
FORTY YEARS!
TBI OSLY rOWDEK COSTAlSI.IO
T021K, LA2ATT7S AITS HHHTi
lra P20PE2TES
COMBISID, TBIKIBT MAKISO THEM THS
BEST COSDITIOX MEDIL'IXF.
IS THE WORLD.
They are made of Purs Material, only one
tablespoonful going s far as ens pouud of
ordinary cattle powders.
Buy one package and after using them
you will never get done praising ibeta.
For sale by all storekeepers.
USE
M. B. ROBERTS'
Vegetable Embrocation
FOR ALL EXTERNAL DISEASED
lltlll OS
IMiYIV Oil II ISA ST.
Jlil IT
THE
GRISAT
RUSSIAN SPECIFIC
CURKS
RHEUMATISM
AND
NEURALGIA.
Tht jf rvnmtr, until irfiflT, wm mi!nu I
teM Aiiisjnrmsi -tjfl, sum! im gmts it a ; t (
aMat plaf saxfeM-o tit sul.lr, ik Uim. A
nUny otbsjtr tw-cmtlrtl rvmawttt-ta, tht will i ur
Jumn to wtiH-fc taftiMftil y m u-iet. Iti w .fc rUtm.
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theft tna th wa4oa, tjr lrnxaturt tfetMr-Hjr
PriKiAl Itoput 3tt N. KLKVK.N Til CT., riLAnLfui
THE GREAT RUSSIAN SPECIFIC CO.
TIN WIRE RINCS.
V Met.' ,W Wr,
Kinder. tl.OU; Ttu Bufi. per
1UU, fJUO J JOppl)Ml Ja.lL. at.
60c. i TnticiL 1 A. by nvtoUl.
poarrpanri. Oiwailatn fn.
JOB PRINTING
nim uaocrcs ai this ana.
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