Juniata sentinel and Republican. (Mifflintown, Juniata County, Pa.) 1873-1955, January 28, 1874, Image 4

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Agricultural.
Farm Sleds. The tool sled, which I
will first describe, has been .frequently
recommended as exceedingly convenient
to transport plows and harrows to and
from the field, to move barrels of cider
or vinegar, or any each thing. As a
tone-brut I find it rf greater use than
the fctone-boat itself, for it is strong
enough to carry ail the small stones that
tan be loa.led upon it. It is made of
two 3i4 inch oak or hickory sticks, four
feet ioufi, hewed to sled runner points
tt one end ; upon these, crosswise, two
inch jilauks tUrte feet lonfc are pinned
with wooden pins ; and nron tbee, at
the fioct and sides, a two iueii oak rave
is nailed. It is best t have the whoie
tiling of hard wood, bat it makes it a
little heavy. Oa a farm of fifty acres
not more than one may be needed, but
they are so ef.sily ma le that on a farm
of one or two hundred acres, employing
two or three iairs of hones, two or
three of different e:zes and strength will
be found useful. They are drawn by
chains, or better, by aa iron rod bent
like the bale of a turnpike scoop.
The next n!ed I describe is useful both
in Wicter and bummer for tattling out
manure or. doing any such work. Its
dimensions may vary indefinitely, and
it may be drawn by oxen or horses. It
is rigged with a pole or with thills for a
single horse. The runnr-.rs are 21 inch
oak plank, 8 feet Ion?. The.se are united
bv cross nieces of the nme material
let in to the runuers. t'jon these the
bottom of inch boards is iiai.eil, w:tn a
sonare two-inch rave around the front
and bides. I'itted to this, inside the
raves, is the box. This made of four
12-inch boards, ti e long oiits dented
at each end. 'Xh end boards are fur
nished with an L-shtped piece of iron
(made from ea old wagou tire perhaps)
screwed upon eacn end, and projecting
one inch. These tit over the side boards
and hold them in pi ice. By means of a
ducg f-rk or shovel they may be lifted,
and tkusthe bos actiialiy fills off the
aled and the manure EiaT 19 shoveled
off almoot as quickly as it could be
dumped from a cart, vtiiu tins sieu
one can haul out manure where a wagon
or cart would sink in so that you could
not haul half a load. The loads are not
so great as we could tnke on a wagon
were the wheeling good, but if the way
can be laid over grass, or if there Is
little snow, the amount of manure which
a pair of horses will haul upon the sled
a short distance, and on comparatively
level ground, is fully eqnal to what they
wonld haul on a wagon. The sled is
easily rigged for carrying wood or
fodder, aud if it be used upon the road
much it would be well to pin on shoes
of Lictorv. which, if bent when preen.
can be made to turn np in front to the
tops of the runners. Never put iron
shoes upon such a sled, they spoil it for
running upon bare ground.
Caee or Plants. Some pe rsons think
tht y accomplish a good work when they
wrap their roses and tender plants very
rarefullv in straight straw, putting on
twice as much as necessary "to keep
them warm. Plants will keep tlienv
wives warm without any such iiiiudi-
cions treatment Whut they need, and
mnat have, is protection from the sun's
rays during Winter, to prevent sudden
chancre, that terrible enemy of our ten
der plants. The system of wrapping in
straw, drawn tightly from top to bottom,
is alwut as bad as to give no protection
at alL Hants are not insects, needing
a chrysalis during the winter ; neither
are they to be smothered np under
great banks of manure. A little bunch
of evergreen sprigs, such as the red
cedar or arbor vitas, cnt to suit the size
of the plants to be shielded, the ends
sharpened and pushed into the soil
firmly, on different sides, and the tops
tied "together, cr an armful of leaves
thrown over a herbacious plant will be
a certain protection, just as the huge
bank of manure will be likely to prove
certain death. Best of all, scatter a
few leaves, and over them place a few
evergreen boughs. Scarcely any even
of the so-called hardv plants but would
be benefitted by some such sensible
protection during the winter niou.na.
Feotectiox of Plants Br Abtifxcial
CLOiDi One of the largest vine
crowcrs of France has succeeded in
saving Lis vines from frost by building
fires ol wheat chaff, straw aud rubbish
to the windward of his plantation on
cvl-i eights, to that wtrm. heivy f-raoke
of the Jires wo aid bccairied in a pro
tecting tail over tLe vines. Whin the
t'ii''erature wus noticed to be falling
rupuily, Le co.lecttd taree hundred
he-ins of chaff nnd straw, and applied
lire to thtai when the therrnonifter
mirked Z'i degrees Fahrenheit. The
riameu were kept ninl-T, sad in a few
minutes a dense clomt ol smoke liua
settled or. r a plain of 3C1 ai res. When
the temperature hud risen above the
freezing pe:n t : he h res were ex: 1 r. gmt- ued
but weae relighted the nt-xi night, which
wr.s one of the coldest of tae winter.
The vineyarJs of the surrounding coun
try presented after the frost a scene of
desolation, while those protected by the
ajaoke were ncii-iraied. Thirty thous
and dollars' worth t f j lasts are said to
have been saved at the exj-ense of a
quantity of worthless chaff and btraw.
Wild Hortsr.s of the West. Large
cumbers of i!d bor.-es are seen ou the
prairies, between the Arkansas aed
Smoky Ei'd livers. They are of all
sizes and ctiluis, and are the wildest of
ail wild animals. They usually roam iu
bands oi from six to twenty, and will
run nt sight of a man two miles away.
A greet many domestic horses, as well
as mules, which have strayed awsy from
their owners, La- taken np with the
wild ones. After running with them
for a while they become as wild as their
untamed companions. -nous methods
have been adopted to capture these
aooriginal ttotaea, but they nave gen
einlly proved fruiths.
Thanspoutatios or Cattle. An act
of Congress passed last winter, went
into force October 1st, providing that
no animals in transportation shall
be confined in cars or bouts more than
twtnty-eiht consecutive hours, without
unloading or refreshment, unless storms
or accidents prevent. luricg their
rest the animals shall be carefully fed
and otherwise cared for. The penalty
for failing to comply with these require
ments on the part ol owners or transpor-
tatiou companies, is a tine of not less
than one hundred cor more than five
hundred dollars. The United States
Marshals and their deputies are charged
with the duty of enforcing this law,
when notitied of its infringement.
A farxeb's wife writes: "I have made
butter from Durhams and Devons and
common cows ; but I never saw any cow
that would make so much butter, and
of such nice qualitr, in year, as a
Jersey (Alderney). And if the Jersey
cow be the cow for the gentleman who
wants noli cream, she is also the cow
for the farmer who wants gilt-edged
batter."
That there is much of truth in the
above there can be no doubt, but the
Aldemeys Tary much, not only in the
amount and richness of their milk, but
also in tne quality of their butter. Some
we have found, even among good butter
makers, of a very poor quality.
Lib EABr of Woods. A curionslibrary
may be seen at Cartel, Germany, made
from COO European trees. The back of
each volume is formed of the bark ; the
sides of the perfect wood ; the top of
young wood ; and the bottom of old
wood. When opened, the book is found
to bo box containing the Cower, seed,
fruit and leaves of the tree, either dried
or imitated in wax.
Scientific.
Phenolctanink. This new substance
is derived from phenol, and appears to
possess considerable interest, from the
analogies it presents with certain color
ing matters derived from lichens, and
inasmuch as it may perhaps tnrow some
ght on the constitution ol indigo, it
obtained directly irom pnenoi dv
dissolving the latter in alcohol, adding
liquid ammonia, and allowing the m;x-!
ture to remain for some weeks in a par-
tially closed flisk ; but, in about fifteen j
days, when the liquid has become a !
rather dark green, twiM its volume ol ,
water and one quarter of its volume of i
ammonia are added, and the mixture is j
left to itself for about six weeks. By j
this time the liquid has taken a very ,
fine blue tint, very dark, and a certain j
quantity of phenolcyanine is found at j
the bottom of the vessel and adhering
strongly to the glass. That wh:cu re-
mains in solution cn be collected by
saturating the bquid with salt. The ,
product is thrown on a filter, and ;
new substance dissolved in hot alcohol
or benzol, from which it is obtained by
evaporation.
Properties. Thus obtained, paenol-
eyauine is a resinous suiistance -: a
verv dark blue, nearlv black, and suow-
inq; metallic copper colored reflections ;
like indigo. In alcohol, it lorms a nue
deep blue solution, in ether a reddish
purple blue, ana in benzol a red nsii
purp.e solution. Lonceutratea sui-
phuiic acid dissolves it easily, forming j
a bluish preen liquid; hydrochloric ;
acid has little action ; and nitrio acid
forms a nitrous compound very dilTereijt !
from picric acid. Phenolcyanine is '
very slightly soluble in water, but dis-'
solves in hydrsted alcohol to which
ammonia is added, and this solution
caa be considerably diluted with water, j
These alkaline solutions are deep sky j
blue by day, but of a vinous red by i
night or when a flame is seen through '
them. Acids redden these solution. '
and alkalies bring back the blue, as
with litmus. Nascent hydrogen reduces
phenolcyanine, and renders it com
pletely colorless ; but when the solution
remains exposed to the air in presence
of ammonia, the blue color soon returns.
A mixture of ferrous sulphate and lime
does not destroy the color of phenol
cyanine as it does that of indigo blue ;
so that the former rather resembles the
colored derivatives of orciue than it
does indigo. Phenolcyanine melts very
easily, and can be partially volatilized
in purple vapor : the remainder is de
composed, and leaves a porous charcoal.
Chemical Aews.
Experiments with Oatmeal. We see 1
by an article in La Prance Mrdicalc, umph is lound in JJR. iiickma s ihieu
that M. Dujardin Beaumitz has been I matic Elixio, a remedy of the highest
experimenting with oatmeal as a food ; character and standing. Acute or
for young children, lie made nse of a : cnronio j,ticumuuiH, uuw, ami
jelly prepared by soaking a tablespoon-! aches and pains which are caused by
ful of the meal ia a glass of water for j the above diseases, give way before its
twelve hours, then straining through a beneficent power. For sale by all re
sieve, boiling till the whole assumes the ; spectable Druggists. Price $1. If your
consistency of a jelly, and adding sugar j Druggist has not got it, take no other
or salt to taste. According to analysis, I
100 grammes of the meal contain 8.7
grammes of water, 7.5 of fatty matters,
62.5 of starch, 12.2 of nitrogen matters,
1.5 of mineral substances, and 7.C of
cellulose, dextrine aud loss. Its nntri- i
tious value, therefore, as food for chil
dren, in regard to nitrogenons or plastic
elements, as such as are respiratory, is
analagous to that of hnman milk or
cow's milk. Besides these, it contains
more iron than do most of the articles
of food.
Four newly-born infants were fed
with the preparation just described,
and in every case with satisfactory re
sults. In addition to its qualities as
food, it acts efficiently against colic and
diarrhoea. It enters iuto the composi-
tiou of the syrup of Lnther, which ia j
said to be much used in Germany. M.
Gillette, surgeon of the hospital of
Melun, has also given oatmeal combined
with cow's milk to six children, and
finds it to tin s vilnahln food in rAsr4
nuus it 10 oe a vaiuaoie ioou in cases .
where the natural sunpl v of milk is de-,
A New Textile Plant. The jury at
the recent Exposition at Lyons, France,
awarded a medal for the utilization of
a marsh plant, commonly known as the
maxcttc. It is of the typha family, aud
three varieties, namely, typha latifolia,
angusti 'folia, and minima, yield the
hber. X he plant grows in a wild state
in great profusion in streams of watT,
ponds, etc., and reaches ahightof some
ten feet. Heretofore it has been em
ployed for seating of chair bottoms and
thatching of cottages, and occasionally
in place of Btraw as bedding for ani-
The made of extracting the fi'.K-r from
tne leaves alter tne latter are cut and
dried cons sts simply ia boiling them :
for several hours in an alkaline solution
the leaves after the latter are cut and
ane) o ff eo-oe.la J;nn f l, ir, '
or under rollers. Washing terminates j
rliA nrnepu A rollnTiali tianrri, m.aal. '
vrrh l.,Mt m.. 9 t ,...,!, T, ' :
fiber, it is believed, may be used for
fabrics and for cordage, and is consid
ered equal to hemp, flax or jule.
A IiAtLROAD Fiiia Engine. The Vir-
trnia ( NVv ) Entcrprixe givps nn ntvoTiTst 1
of new fire engine which the Virginia 1
had constricted and fitted upon" one of '
their locomotives, in view of the fre-
quent occurrence of fires in wood-piles, I
tunnels, buUdicgs. and other prop, rtv !
along the line of their read. It stand's
upon the boiler of the locomotive, be-1
Ueen the steam.chest and the bell, and :
t . i;d rrr...a n i.r, ,l-.. '
riding the iron horse. The locomotive, i
with the htt;e fire-nghter mounted upon
its back, was recently brought np to the
depot and a trial of its capacity made,
which proved highly satisfactory. In
case of a fire anywhere ou the line f
the road, the locomotive snd encrice
with cars fitted with water-tanks will ut
once be dispatched to the scene of cou-;An
""'""""
will not remain idle, as it can do switch i
duty and such work just as well as any '
other. I
CoNsrstPTios of Timber. A para
graph in an an exchange teils us that
"about 7.000 acres are cleared of tim
ber each day in this country. Of the
annual crop $73,000,000 worth goes for
fuel and twice as much to fencing. The
locomotives in this country consume no
less than 700,000 cords or 500 acres a
year."
We do not know where the data for
these figures is to be found. It seems
an enormous quantity, and can scarcely
be accurate, bull there is no doubt
that the amount used is enormous, and
it will serve a nsefnl purpose to keep
the fact prominent ; as what we are to
do for timber will no doubt, ia the no
distant future, be one of the most stir
ring questions that will come before the
agriculturist and for the matter of that
before the whole country.
Eubopean Railroads. According to
the most recent statistical data, the
total length of all the railroads iu
Europe is 58,650 miles. The largest
number of lines is in Great Britain,
aggregating 13,351 miles ; Germany is
next with 10, iSJ miles, then i ranee,
10.511. Austria, 4,492. Russia. 4.758.
and Belgium, 1,892.
Consumption,
the ecoorge of the hnman familr, may
in its early stages be promptly arrested
and permanently cured.
Bavexswood, W. Va., Oct 28th, 1872.
Dr. R. V. Tikbck:
Sir: For the last rear I have been
using your Golden Medical Discovery.
I owe my life to it, havirg been affl cted
lor years. Did not nse it but a short
time before I was benefited ; at that
time I was very bad, net able to sit np 1
much, was suffering greatly with my
throat, was getting blind, had a dry
cough, and much pain in my longs. I
have used twelve bottles of the Discov
ery and am almost well.
Kate T. Wabdneb.
A son of Mr. J. H. T.Ieseck, of Chat
ham Four Corners, X. X., has been
cured of Consumption by Dr. Pierce's
Golden Medical Discovery so says Mr.
r ft fmiuH oii;tr of the Chatham
(jour';er, '
s ' Eglab, dmcgi't, of West Union,
q VTlt9 to state that Dr. Pierce's
(j'Jijon Medical Discovers has effected
a wonjtrf ai cura Qf Consumption in his
aeivborhood. 5
, ,
jjr, Walker's Vegetable Vixeoab
Bitteks. Business men, worn by care
aU(i Jentary habits, often suffer from
,.onstipation of the bowels, until the
evji consequences of such a condition
are reaiej ja extreme debilitv, ner-
Tousness and prostration of the vital
ener2ies of the system. And it may be
safey averted that a majority of the
ftrnalesex are little bettertlian iovalidn.
from the same cause ; but by nsins? Db.
Walkeb's Vineoab Bitters, this natu
ral aperient and tonic brings back the
vigor and buoyancy of health, happi
ness and beauty. Pure blood is essen
tial to sound health and long life. -No
cronj..
dUease, sores, ulcer., skin
eruptions, glandulous swelling-), dis
charges from the ear, sore eyes, sores
or cankers in the mouth will ever appear
f tl)(, i,looi is pure. To secure this
taie jj Walker's Vegetable Vinegab
Tir...M U is the creat Blood Purifier
t ,f,..r;ivinir Prineinle. increasing
the power cf Utgestion, and exciting the
hQ,ri-..t.. intr hoalthv action, wherebv
all jmpUrities of the system are carried
Q " 03
'
We received a very pleasant letter ol
thanks from oar old friend Kendall,
since his return home, for a bottle of
Jiln'ia Anodyne Liniment which we
cave him. aud which he says has en-
tiielv cured him of the troublesome
cough he had when here.
Ox the death of one of England's
most eminent physicians, all his effects
were sold by auction, aud among other
things was a sealed packet, marked
"Advice to rhyRicians," which brought
a great price. The purchaser on open
ing the packet, read as follows: "Keep
the head cool, the bowels open and the
feet warm." If physic is necessary, nse
Parsons' Purgative Pills; they are the
most scientifically prepared pills that
have appeared in the last hundred
years. &
The noblest aim of science is to re-
licve human suffering. Its highest tri-
out send f 1 direct 10 me aio x ropnewr
and Manufacturer, Dit. Wu. H. Hick
man, .3:56 South Second St, Philadel
phia, Pa. Also Manufacturer of Dr.
Hicknan's Electric Flctd for Xcural-
aa, lhadwhe and Toothache.
St FFEREUS w ith Piles should erect a
monument to Dr. Silsbee, for his bene
ficent discovery of Axakesis, an infalli
ble cure for the worst cases of piles a
failure in 20,000 cases has not been re
corded. It is a simple suppository,
painless and easy of application, gives
instant relief, acts as an instaument,
poultice, and medicine, and cannot fail
to care. Lotions, ointments, and in
ternal remedies may fail but Axakesis
infallible. Price $1.00.
Anakesis
Depot, 40 Walker st., New York. Sent
free by mail to any address oa receipt
of price. 13
TaPe V" ! Tape ITorm !
Rnnnrwl In m few honm witb hsrmlM VegasMe
vr.iiclm-, Xofp 1 uniii thrratra worm, with
iiii. pusm. 1- iir those i;iu imi to mnieuM of
.t.tiii whom 1 h&ve cored, tint had Nvll On-
eac.-sntully treated at the Jetler'n leUeaI Coilejje,
on Tenth ttreet ; had taken iu rain turjH'iitaies. the
r-calied njv ellie-, and ail knewu retucdieie lr. E.
F. Kimkel, Su. i ! North Ninth street, 1 hilade phia.
1 be i,ftor ha leen in lmii!ese Vtr over twent-five
years, and If jKrfe-tly reliable. Cllandpee. Adnee.
tree, Kem.'ve.l t:ine w.irrn from a child n yeani
oid mesKurii'i! i teet. At bn oihre aa be hxu ftjw
cmiens, eome ot iheiu over 4u feet in leunlh, wlilrh
j o of 1
; lwiu'wm.
h-veti-- u r-ni'ived in leu- tnau three i:onr hy taUntf
nte.i:cip or. hunKei'st treauneiii
M 1 ie fe--t!y re.ie'jle, and no fee
t Ihhejd. l'.i-se. Ir. E. F. Kuu'.eL
th Ninth rr-t, 1'tiil .dtlt'iiia, I'm. Cousult
hou bT inaii. or at u2i.-e lr.
X'ei'iotlicnls.
rnzrizzrrrrrzrrz. '
WOOD'S noUsZHOLD MACAZINE !
! iot J "a.inr. contains a lavish supply of j
: first rale articles. It is now iu its foir-
" " , , , , .
tet'"th,T',1,,me a-il "ery year hs in
its popularity aud added nev
ITIeUllS
menus 10 lis i.trej m uumirers,
ihoiiiU retaining its .d name, it, u.as i
not the Slightest connection with its 1
form
.,- ...:.. i.. f...
l-c pit'l'lievui. iMib iwi uunu j
lis been the exclusive property of
niontiis heen tl-e exclusive property
i Mr. S. E. Siiut-s, its prrseut publisher.
I H. V. Osborne (Teuoroon'i still con
i tiunes as its editor and is the only per
i son employed ia that capacity giving
to the magazine Dot a carele.s suptr-
TISilon. ',ut uire IKTln,nal "enrioa in
improving constancy, and is splendidly j
?dM1ted ' ,Le nsemoers of the Louse-
iuo .f"""' ....
?hree engravings and other good things
in proportion.
1 r1!5 ,f ""S-iZ' ODe -"ir Pr year
'T1, cTOmo o-&em,tc, one dodar
and a hlf. Addres
WOOD'S HOUSEHOLD MAGAZINE,
Newbnrgh, N. X.
1574. 1374.
The Handsomest, and one of the Beit i
and most Entertaining of the
Mon'hlics.
LirPINCOTTS MAGAZINE.
iulI5trated Monthly, of Popular
Literature and beienee.
tttv -t n- r-,-. rr vp
lut- n XL,
Commencing with the January issu,
ill be replete with the most attractive
features. It is the intention of the con
ductors of the Magazine to render it a
model of literary and mechanical excel
lence, and with this v;ew no advantage
will be neglected which either talent or
capital can command to render each
issue an agreeable and instructive com
pendium of
POPULAR READING.
The contributions now on hand, or
specially engaged, embrace an unusu
ally attractive list of
Talcs, Short Stories, Narratives,
Dcscrijtice Sketches, Papers on
Science and Art, Poems, Pop
ular Essays, Literary Crit
icisms, Etc.,
bt talented ant well-ksows write its ;
Together with a variety of able and
interesting articles on the Important
Questions of the Day. In addition to
the shorter articles, several
ATTRACTIVE SERIAL WORKS
Will appear in LIPPINCOTT'S
MAGAZINE during the year ; among
these is
"MALCOLM,"
By George Macdonald, commenced in
the February Number.
These productions are confidently
believed to be masterpieces of their
authors, abounding in incident and
humor, in striking characters and dra
matic situations. A large amount of
space will be devoted to Our Monthly
Gossip, which will be enriched with
short and lively articles on persons of
note, incidents of the day, and other
novel or amusing topics. "A large pro
portion of the articles, especially those
descriptive of travel, will be
PROFUSELY ILLUSTRATED.
The pictorial embellishments of the
Magazine will constitute one of its
most attractive features.
TERMS. Yearly Subscription, St;
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To Agents a Liberal Commission
wiU be allowed.
J. B. LIPPINCOTT 4 CO., Pub
lishers, Philadelphia.
APPLETONS' JOURNAL FOR 1874.
Apfletoxs Journal is a mseazine of
weekly issne, devoted to popular htera
ture, science, art, education, and social
development.
Its characteristic feature is compre-
hensicenrwt its contents including
choice serial novels, the best attainable
short stones, papers of adventure and
travel, illustrated descriptions of places,
sketches, with portraits, of distin
guished people, essavs on social.
literary, and other topics, of popular
interest ; with a full survey of doings
in literature, art. science, music, the
drama, and movements ia education
and social life.
The purpose is to furnish a periodical
which will eive. in addition to an
abundance of enteitaining popular lit
erature, contributed by writers ol ac
knowledged standing, a thorough sur
vey of the progress of thought, the
advance of the arts, and the doings in
all the higher branches of intellectual
effort.
rt should be n ted that, in pursuance
of this plan, the space at our disposal
is far more extensive than that of the
magazines issued in monthly form, at
the same yearly subscription. The
fijty-two numbers of Appletons' Jocr
iskl, funning one year's issue, contain
one-third more literary material than
the twelve corresponding issues of the
larnest of the Monthlies, and, of cnursc.
a much larger proportion in excess of
Vie smaller ones. We may add that a
candid examination will show that, with
greater quantity, there is no inferior
quality of literary production.
The Joubnal is made np in several
distinct departments, as follows :
General Literature, consisting, as
already described, of fiction, essays,
tales of adventure and travel, illustrated
papers, and articles of the usual maga
zine character.
Under Miscellany the reader finds
brilliant extracts from new books ; many
highly-entertaining sketches of notable
persons and things, translated from
Continental journals ; and extracts giv
ing the core of the more noteworthy
papers in the English magazines.
Ia the Editor's Table, social topics of
iuterest are discussed, and glances given
at current incidents and doings.
Ia Art 2Cotcs are given criticisms of
new paintings, observations on decora-
tive and household art, and a general
survey of the progress of art ia all its
branches.
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self.
T. S. ARTHUR k SON.
$09 A 811 Chestnut St., Philadelphia.
PEL1XTS.
o
Or Sugar-Coated, Concentrated,
Hoot and Herbal Jul re, Anti
Rilioii Grannie. TTIE "LITTLE
C.IANT" CATlIARTlCt or KuUara
In Par to Ihjftlc.
Tti'T irovrTty nf modem MMIcM, nvrotcal and
Pharmaceutical Science. No ufe of any Jorur
t&kin the lare, repulsive and nar.eoup pill,
composed of cheap, crude, and ou'Uy ii'r'di''iit,
wrH'O tt can hy a careful implication of chemical
science, extract ail the catirt.c aid other ir:i
ciual properties from the most valuable root and
herb 4, aid conrentrate them into a minute Gran
KcareeSf larcer than a maMarcl
seed, tuat can be re&dilT awaiioucd iy ti.utcoi
the m--'tsenitive ptrimacn and fat-tidiittii' tat .
Eaciiliule Hnrvntive Pellet n-prrwtr. L:
mo-a concentrate.! form, a nrnrk cathartic iower
Ueiaodiei in a ay of the iane pill fuiin i for
tale in the dru shop. Frm their wonderful ca
thartic power, in prooortitm to thir ize, people
who have not tried them are apt to nppo-e tl.at
they are hamh or da-tic in etlect, but uch i Cot
at all the cae. tne different active medicinal prin
ciple? of wbicti t) are compoted being ao har
monized aud not itied, one by the other, a to
proU uce a mot eearrhlntf and tlior
oofh. v.-t Keu.Iy ud ItiuUljr operatiug
cailaartic
$50O Reward hereby offered by the pro
prietor of thexe PHM?, to any chemist who,
upon analysis, will find in them any Calomel or
other forma of mercury or auy oiher numeral
pUan,
nc Inn ent I rcl j Te;retabl. no irtTc(ar
caro ii required while u-tnk? theiu. They ope
rate without dutnrbance to the cou-titntton. diet,
or occupation. For Jaondlce, lleadaene,
Coitaiipation, Impure) Vtlood, fain
In the MioalderMy 'I k lTinei of the
C liCKt, JUizzines Sour Eroetatlon
ol the Momirh, Had tame In
month, liillooa attack, ruin In
recioti off Kidney, Internal f ever.
Bloated feeling ahon 1 Stomach,
Hah or Blood to Mean, lllth Col
ored trine, 1 nociabilif y and
(.loom j Forebod ine take Ir.
l'ierre'a Pleanant HargatiTe Pellet.
In explanation of the remedial power of my Pur
cative Pellt over o irreat a variety of hfeae,
I wifh toftav that their aelltn upon the
animal economy i ntilTera-tl, nota
ft laud ortiMiae ear p tug their aana
tiva tmpre. Aire doe not impair them;
their raar-contirir and beinr, enclosed in pla
bottles preserve their virtue unimiaird for any
length of time, in any climatr. to that they are al
ways fresh aud reliable, which ia not the ca.e
wit h tiie pilis fonnd in the dnij? atore. put np in
cheap wood or pite-board box. Recover that
for ad dtea- where a Laxative, Altera
tive or nrnmive is indicated. th- little
Fed T will rive the most perfect satblacliua to
ail who ute Lat'in.
Thry are old by fitl rnterprUInf
Drnajsiataai 3 ceuUabtfttle
Io not a'low any dn.r?ie to Induce too to
take arythn.gr eVo tht Ye 3iay mi la Jut a
pood as y Peliota becaa be makes a hirer
pront on that which be recommend. If ion:
drnvirt cannot supply them, enclose S3 ceu'a
and receive thnn bv return mail from
JL V. PI ERCE, Jf. I.f Propr,
BUFFALO. X. Y.
Atlvertisements.
WW
4
Advertisements.
DYSPEPTIC
CONSUMPTION.
Can Dyspeptic Consumption b Cured f
W wuwer, YES!
Pint. Rmbst !1 th aahealthy raueoo
that gathers about li wall ef la stoiuch
from indigestion.
Second. Produe aa ac'-ir. eonJitin f
layer aod XiloJ without depleting th
Tstetn.
Third. Supplr or aid caiur la furnialiiBg
tbo drain of eome of tn component partj
that compose healthy fluiia.
We, from thousands who ka toea eared,
asert thai a cure e&a be performed oa thi
EEEEEIE3 USED,
Apart from cur Offce Practice.
FIRST.
THE GREAT AMERICAN
DYSPEFSIA PILLS,
Reaore tbe fucgns matter from tne aUmach,
aad reatere it U a health eoaditUa.
SECOND.
THE PINE TREE
T&R CORBIAI!
i it,. r ;.F. Iiiala the Stomach. a4
aeta ea th Kidneya and Nervoai SjHta.
For far tier adTice, call or writ
on. u c. vmnmt
232 A'orlh SeeonJ Street.
ADMONITION.
h ia Inm to a!I raadan that aiaoa Dm.
L. Q. C. WISHART haa foKowed th eaaa
and core ef dtseaeea, and the great vain l
TAB aa a enratire remedy, aa direct By
Bishop Berkley and EeT. John Weeley, that
many hare attempted U make a TAR pre-
paratioa for THROAT AUD Lisa Jia
EASE3. So it known that D1L.QC.
WISHARTS
PI TREE TIB CfiSDIll
Ii the only remedy, from long experience,
csed by oar most skillful physicians for
Dlptheria, Ulcerated Throat, tung, Eidaey,
Stomach, Asthma, and General Debility, ts
ell as for Congha, Coldi aad Lung AJe-
DR. L. Q- C. WISHART,
SRISULTKQ A1T3 STC2S,
No. 232 N. SECOND ST ,
pnitADF.i.rni..
$10 Brcslau Lots.
G,COO LiOTS
Of ZSxIOO feet, for Sale in the
CITY OF BRESLAU,
at $10 per Lot,
2,000 Garden Plots
Of 10 Lots each, at flOO per Ttot.
Tlio City of Brcslau
la located oa the Booth Sid Railroad
of Long Island, aid ia known to be) tht
most enterprising p!ae ia the) State,
having three) churches, school, scTersJ
large manufactories, hoWla, stores, etc.,
eta, and a pcpnlction ml MTeral then
sand ishabitaata.
Every ens Klcts Brcslau.
And those who don't, please call foi
particulars on THOS. WELWOOD, 15
Wtllonghby Street, BrooWn.
REMEMBER, $10 PES LOT.
Title perfect and warrantee deeds
given free of iacnabranoe, streets
opened and acrreyod free of extra
charge. Apply to
THOM&S WELW00Dr
15 Willougbby St., Erooklyn, L. I.,
I Kc. 7 Beekman St., Rooms 516,
Bew Tork City.
Or to
EBWAJiT) SAX0ir05,
1J i 614 Caestnirt St.,
-lt-ly PhJleTphfa, Tf,
i-ii m.3
!, Link u-l:aa. Lock itiy
't ujo 'V'.-;
SEWING MACHINE,
CbaDenra the wild In nerff-tloe of work. atreiura
and beauty of stik-o, ddreUUAy of eunatruction. and
rapidity of motn.n.
(ii an examine, and far seeaeie sad atrculars.
address
vugs apwTVci MArfrrxit on .
CM Broad way. Mew Ia.
j w. 1 k i; i: Wood,
fi..;i;tT.
BOl'tiUKrS A1 H..i,vf!i HA-KKTS
M Mil. Tl) -itllrJK.
AhiWRriArHS AND T'tossKS FOR
Wt.DUiMM A.N'li KLNKItAIS.
8BRIKS AM Ff.AXI Ctl.S.lTAXr'Lr Oil
II AMU.
Kii. va SOLTH SKVKNTH STREET,
IkjIow i'hehtnut,
HHIUDtl.rHIA.
PATENT
Hay und Cotton Press.
tVATER PV.OOP
PATENT BUILDING FELT
tor orrerl-- t-ntiea aw! Ina'cV ef bet hsr !lo ta
les. C- J. f 1 1 1 patent" .TO'Jet. 3 J
jyiL J. Dl VIDSOI,
U c'HEST.VCT STItEET,
FHIIUDEXPiiLa.
.
Advertisements.
1g
i i HViii-'i Ciilirornia in-
ear'lii'ttors are a purely Vegetable
preparation, made chiefly from thcDa
tive herbs found on tho lower n'l.gps of
aia,the uiedieinal properties of which
are extracted tlierenora wtiuoui
of Alcohol. The question is almost
daily aked. "What i:w cauc .
iinparai.eiea snccej ui
t... r . .,- mwn-pr U. that they remove
the cansc of disease, and the patieut re
covers his heaitu iuey a t
. . . i .. TilV.Tivin?DrUlClDle,
a perfect Innovator aud lnvigorator
of the svstem. Never before; in the
hitorr of" the world ha a med.ctne been
eonD.'andl p.-inS the ren.arkabie
sick of every dia.- wan u heir to. Tey
are a pentie f urpative n well as a Tonit,
reheviu Coniw-tiou or Inflamiitation o
the Uver aud Vtacend Orguu-s in Uthoo.
I:visrs. ,
The proiMTlii's of Dr. walker s
Vixe.;ah Hin ts are Ar-wnt. Diaphorette.
Carminative. Xutritiotw. Laaative lm""t"---Std.ttive.
Counter Irritant, Sudontic, Altera
live, and A nti-Bilious.
Grateful Thousands proclaim Vin
egar BiTTEns the most wonderful In
vigorant that ever sustained the ninkiiiji
Sr Noi'orsoti can tate these Bitters
according to directions, and remain long
unwell, provided their bones are not de
stroved lv mineral poison or other
means, and vita! prvans wasted beyond
repair.
IJilious, Ki'Kiitfeiit autl Inter
mittent Fevers, which are so preva
lent in tho vallevs of our great rivers
throughout the United States, especially
those of the Mississippi, Ohio, Missouri,
Illinois, Tennessee, Cumberland. Arkan
sas, Ked, Colorado, Krazos. Kio Grande,
I'earl, Alabama, Mobile. Savannah, Ko
anoke, James, aud many others, with
their vat tributaries, throughout our
entire country during the Summer and
Autumn, and remarkably so during sea
sons of unusual heat ami dryness, are
invariably accompanied by extensive de
rangements of the stomach and liver,
and other abdominal viscera. In their
treatment, a purgative, exerting a pow
erful influence um theso various or
gans, is essentially necessary. There
is no cathartic for "the purpose equal to
Dr. J. Walker's Vixecar Bitters,
as they will speedily remove the dark
colored viscid matter with which the
bowels are loaded, at tho same time
stimulating the 6ecretious of the liver,
and generally restoring the healthy
Fortify the hotly against disease
by pr.rifying all its fluids with Vixeoar
Bitters. Xo epidemic can take hold
of a system thus fore-armed.
Dyspepsia or Indigestion, Uead
ache, I'ain in the Shoulders, Coughs,
Tightness of the Chest, Dizziness, Sour
Eructations of tho Stomach, Bad Taste
in the Mouth, Bilious Attacks, Palpita
tation of the Heart, Inflammation of the
Lungs, I'ain in the region of the Kid
neys, aud a hundred other painful symp
toms, are tho offsprings of Dyspepsia.
One bottle will prove a better guaranteo
of its merits than a lengthy advertise
ment. Scrofula, or Kind's Evil, White
Swellinpt, Ulcers, Erysipelas. Swelled Xeck.
Goitre. Scrofulous Inflammation. Indolent
Inflammation, Ifercnrinl Affections, Old
Sores. Eruptions of tbe Skin, Sore Eyes, etc.
In these, as in all other constitutional Dis
eases. Walker's Tixeoas Bittcbs have
ni'ct obstinate and intractable cases.
Fcr Inflammatory and Chronic
iiheumatism. Gout, Bilious, Remit
ient artwlntermittent Fevers, Diseases of
the HIikkI, Liver, Eiduevs and Bladder,
these Bitters have no eqnal. Such Diseases
are caused by Vitiated Blood.
Jlechanical Diseases. Persons en
gaged in Paints and Minerals, such R3
Plumbers, Trpe-setter, Gold-beaters, and
Miners, as they advance in life, are subject
to paralysis of the Bowels. To piard
a;raiiit thi. take a dose of IVAlkeb's Vix
egab Bittees cca-.ionallr.
For Skin Disases Eruptions, Tet
ter, Salt-Khenm, Blotches, Spots, Pimple3,
Pustules, Boils, Carbuncles, King-worms,
Scald-head, Sore Eyes, Erysipelas. Itch,
Scurfs Discoloration of the Skin, Humors
and Diseases of the Skin of whatever name
or nature, are literally dug up and carrit J
ont of the system in a" short time by tbe use
of these Bitters.
Pin, Tape, anJ other "Worm',
lurkire in the system of so many thousands,
are effectually destroyed and removed. Xo
svstem "f nie.liciue, no vermil'uees, no an
thelmintics will free the eysteui from worms
like these Bitters.
For Female Complaints, in young
or old, married or single, at the dawn of wo
manhood, or the turn of life, these Tonic
Bitters display so decided an influence that
improvement is soon perceptible.
Cleanse the Vitiated Blood when
ever yon find its impurities bursting through
the skin in l'itnplus, Eruptions, or Sores;
cleanse it when you find it obstructed and
slufreiyh in the vi'ins ; cleanse it wben it i
foul ; yonr feelings will tell yon when. Keej
the blood pure, and the health of the svtem
will follow.
H. II. MrDOX.aI.TJ & CO..
Drnistrd(i. A"ts,San rranciaca.Calif.inua,
aad or. of Wahiri!rTuii and Charlton Sta.. N. Y.
bulU by Bit Uragskata aad lMml
TAKES on Sight.
La.it and Best
eombiaaltoa
for V'iiMMm
""""eeseeeweawaensawaaSjtacirfAjirine
Hixst W Bsscssa's faanly sewapaser (lrea
"""'"r a raia ef tn largest aad least
Ol. t. OO K A Pll 4 two moat aureate .abject,
that "lake" oe palsied by Mrs. Aaderaos, aa
eoetrata and compaotoaa for her '..e Ankt" aad
Atlr-p" i,,u bare IM-tlEXiiB SIC.
t KSS call It lb "beat bnateeea ever offered eaa
raeaers." W foraUk the llchteat aod aandaomeet
osiflt, aad pay eery kle ceoioilaaiosa. Kacb suh
eeriber reeairea wiraocr nstar two keanlilal pie.
tare. .h:rh bm wAm 1 1 C . . .
, ... . .... ....... . . . r. . KJ
I.IVKKV.lkepaperltaelf .taada peerleea amoas
' J e,nm p.puiarustef iu claee it
baa ine larrfut urmlatirm u (Ac world 1 Employs the
be-t literary ralesL Edward E(leetos's aerial story
isjail begiasiag ; beck chapters supplied to eech
L V"' f'Mw' k," expected seaael to
. Hiease f" besinasin Ike sew rear, aeyes
Wi.hiD a roud aalary or sa isde. fi PCWTC
peadeal bo.iaeea, ahoald eeed (HuTurl?
circa. ara aod lernis to J. B. FOKU" WArl I Li).
CO ',w Surk, Bosioa, Csiesgo, Clsclssaa g
caa Iraacueo. ll--tt
SHOW CASES! SHOW CASES I
All styles. Silrer Mounted and Walnnt. new ad
."5r?"Jr?2't ?ntr"yi'ckedf.wshrpi.iu?.
xniiiM- fcf
nOCSE AND OryiCErlJHNnTBE all kinds
Ibe Urgeat snd beat assorted stock, new and
second -hand in the Oity. -
loei. lO-Jt. lu-Ji and 105 KM. K A T L. tUlm.
jTHEA-NECTAR
r3fc5S,S nLACK TEA,
inr wnn tneureen Tea earor. War-
rantea to anlt all taste. F.w
sale ererywhere. And for sale
wholesale only by tbe Greet At
lantic h Pacific Tee CW. lui k'ni.
. -J t.in St, sad i4 Cbarch rtt. M.
. K.B.nfct Bend far Thee
fleeter circular. atf
Alf ANTED, AGENTS MALE OB FEMALE, TOR
. ' the mciet money miking Sural ties in the mar
ket. r-T parocnlare, addrew.
rUlLAOHI PHIA XOVFT.TTOTA pn
ll-2stf
M Fnansxrji Hr Ikiiadelphia. Fa.
JOB PRINTING
sUTLT KXKrXTCD AT THIS OITIOB.
Advertliements.
EUGEHE SCIIOOIIlin
CELEBRATED
OP PERUVIAN BARK.
Tb BactM lor thai Ktttera vaa rooad aiaoo( ttia
fpvm sfaBinadlak phTSldaa. a aine'-a
but an til, ilua 1M rara old. by a faU of Ina tcna
aid nclpa tho had Maa kiv praTouad amrat by
Bki family tat aM than thraa eantnrtea. PartnKau
Iha ttmthariaadatraqiMntaa of tlMBtttan, which
nodatvd than a atraut and km- Uilcj aat at ppU.
njojlug arllH baalth. Onalnaliy th aamt ot
praparuia' this Btttara and ha vonderfol alfacta, was
T--' by ana of that ktn. vbUa participating In
tha Ttlrrl axpadltkms at tha Spanlarda in aaarica.
aftar a a yam n promlaa. aavar to divulga R bat u U.
artaajpad prtaclpal hair.
THIS GENUINE SWEDISH HIT
TERS as It to now ealUd, has atnr its wwilr-a tnro pu)i'a
iml affactad thousand ot aatonlahlna enra ot pa.
Uenta ainady gtna np by many phyalctana. and ha
proved ttaaif nch a povarful raatoratlT an J pnaer.
TatialUmJy.thatlndMlitnadanaf'inhf tdk
Tktcaf raconuuandaUoo or ptalaa.
HOW IT OPERATES.
Tha Sort of & Swtlah Blrtm dlracta ttartf. ta
thaantplao.totnarn af tha dlgMtly organ,
throochont tbatr anttr axtatit, but mainly to tla
tomach and tha Ttaceral tract. ItaormalUM thru
fonctlona, and thartfora, acoortUnjt to th natur off
irregularities or rmova ebatrnction an J
ntentloo of all kind, ar atop Diarrhea. Dyscntary.
ar othm anamolooa dlacbarfea and afSaTla. Byrcira.
latlna' th abdominal orirana. of which depend th
ghmM.t, tha a intlra and tha daralopamaat
af tn human body th Bwadlah Bitter inrlgcratea
tha oerraa and the rital power, aharpen th mm
and the Intellect, liuotea th trembtlna of th Unib
lb acidly, th burning, nanaea, and pain of th to
mach. tmprora It dlgeatlT fmealtlea, and I aa at
eaUent Prophylactic and remedy agalnat nerroua Irrt
labUlty. flatulency. choUB. Worm. Propay. kc. It
taken ia dblado.oprataaar auerlaat,
bat In a mild and palaleas way.
Ia eonaaqnence of thaea qnslltie of th Swedish
Bitter haboomon of thamoat ceiebratad rem,
die againat illanaan of th organ contained In tbe
abacmnen, and of affection that befall mankind In
onaeqnenc of aald diaeaa. Thna th Swediah Bit
tar has aa nnaorpaeaed renown for curing Lirer
Oomplainu af kmg etanttlng. Jaundice. Dyapapaia.
IHaordar of th Spleen, of th Fancreaa, of th Meaa
rale and alas disorders of the Kidneys, of the
Urinary and Sexual-Organ. Betide thee the SWe
dUh Bitten auras tho tnnomarabl nerroua, or eon,
(satire affection and dlwaiaa. which originate from
aatdabdomina diaturbanctta, aa-Congeatloa of the
Langs, th Heart, and tbe Brains, Coughs, Asthma.
Headache, Keuralgia, In different parte of the body,
Chloroala, Internal Hemorrnoida and Piles, Gout,
Dropsy. General Debility. Bypochondxlaal. Hetan,
choly, ac.4e. Of great benent tbe Swediah Bittara
has also been found in the beginning of Oaatric ana
Intermittent FeTers.
But this is only on side of It tneettmable power .4
protecting thoa who as It regularly sgamat all mi
r. .h. and epidemic iHeasses lb awedtsb Bitter
has by long experience in many thousand cases main
talaed its great renowa of being the most tellable
PRiatxvAinrg ucd fbophtlactiu- aEMttui
aaautn
Typhus, OrientalPest, Ship
Fever, Yell2T7-Fever,
AJTD
ASIATIC CH0LEEA.
Th suuertor protertlre and smnatrra virtues uf :'.
Swediah Bitters agamet BTsIartous rvrers. Dysentery
and Cholera, war most apparently tested in the late
wars by French and tngtleh physicians, who by pre.
scribing th earn to their rapectir troops, sno
ssidsd tn reducing the mortality Hut af epideuue die
assss from K t I par aenl
DIEECTI0H3
VAll paioM who haT to perform ko tvasl utt
ssbor mad whil doing it, mr otimn mrpcwtMl to a Jdca
h2iM of tnptnxiv or tb drait or sir, or obDoa
toTM diiswta, meUfg. or Tpor, ftbooid noi ft.il to w
tho ftwodiavh Btttara, aa a tm drop of it, added to
their drink, ara niilclxit to yiaam ia thtm in tsmti.
mabla aaalth and tIkot. Thooa who are acciutoxned
to drinii ire water dnrlnff tike nimmer, ahonld never
emit to add aoma 8wedih bitten to it.
Hires to eMetitarr life should nae the
Swedish Btttera, It will neatr-ilie the bd 3cU ot
their wast of exercise in open air, and keep them m
good heeith and good spirita.
taTTo the Ladiea the Swedish Bitters ma espect
ally hareramsiended. Becaoae its oee con tributes mots
tsaantiallj to prssarre tha nfrnliritj cf the rb7!4a.
gleal fnnctlotia, peottllar to tha deifCmta female ooov
stitutlon and that prorea an affecttiAi bai rtrr aaiu-t
thoaalDnnmershla Nerronaand Blood Dtiesh-wfait:h
aow-a-dsys here grown so frequent ae to be Ukoo t
man j for Sraa nataral inharttaac
l But tha Bwadlfh Bltt-rrr doee not only eeuui e
good health; tttviao effects the fuUdevelopuiMit of i.
fotnmlm body, and of its beauty by perfect fenua sc. i
I Sna oonptectaon and rolac.
Thna tha Swedish Bitlara hae boume oie ot Ui
C0SXETK3 AND TOILET AKT1CLK.H
teT farmer and their families, V baes 1
Swedish Bitters, prefer it to ai! iluUlar articliai Zjr
tbexn it prorss beneficial ta rarlons ways.
In Sirm-n sr. when their ealllng reqnires t'lem V.
often endnr th mtans heat ef tha un, whi per
forming hard work, they ar Induced to be ant sui
Idently eantloa m satisfying their bnmliu; th Irat by
water, or tn eating trait not yet ripe, ho. Inoa tr:u
lug people are ry Hable to safer from son ttr- -k
'rer. Dysentery. Cholera, Aa. Aa The regular u-.
ef th Bwwtish Bitters males the danjrervua iila
rrnossTI hsiinlias.
la Winter; during the thr. of rest, many eotirrry
people, trying to Indemnify themaelres for past prk
rations ar Tory apt to often orerloed their s omvU
and thna Impair their deeatlTe organs the ruou 'it
the tree. Th nse of th Swedish Bitter prevent
ansae front that sans,
A a matter of oare, ta ease ef sl-Suree, the pe
Uent shovla asoid food ant sirreelng with him ur
neb, a I known, tn bs difficult to digest or un-u;i
abl I th it'iaaae tn question.
The rale: "Be moderate in all yon eat, drink or do,"
strictly as be obserred.
HOW TO TAKE SWEDISH BITrEia
h Swedish Bttters shall only be taker, ta th sa
sac of inflammatory symptom.
Grows persons take one taMaapoonfol three time
per day, before or after deals, pure dilated wit
ander years, two-thirds at that aaaatttr
- eoe-half -
B-qaartv "
Ohlldraa trass year apwarda, oghta f inet
tuamy.
arson aconatomed as ehew sobecco, ahonld aa.
stain from It a arnch aa possible, whil nstng Bs
dlah Bills re: they may anbstltat some Sower of
ehanunccoileor root of oslsmna, bat then swallow th
salTla, Instead of spitting It away. Ia the asm way
anioslng of tobaoc sovuid only moderately be area
rrssa afSJcted with dyspepsia mnat not eat hut
bread or cakas. sr fat or aait meats, bo ahonld take
moderate exerdee ta free air roiding all sadden chan
ge of temperature, an tntempsraac tn eating and
drinking, and all andne mental exetteensnt, by which
taey wlU eontrlbat largely to th aUactireness of th
Bwedlah Bitters.
H Bl Should tha Swedish Bitters not rait all Uetes
niayb taken with seen snrar. or sea b diluted
wtth com sncar-water r ryrnn.
EsTtng aunulied by ptartms the recipe and thsea
eloarrs right of preiering the Only Genuine Swliab
Bitter, heretofore prepared by Engen Scboenlng.
late O. a. Army Sorgton, we har. hi order to fro.
traia frand aad deosptlon, the name of . Schoening
bornt Ins th glass of each bottle and th eaTetnpe
around B marked by K. Schoening' and by our own
aama, Bottles without these narka ara rrurtoua.
DENIEL & CO.,
a, Korth Third Street, Philadelphia,
ttla par Sinai Bottle, Ttaanta. Half a doswa. at,
old Whnlis.H by Joosntoa, HoDoway A Oowdwa.
It Area SUsss, Fnlavlelpbwt lor Sal by all drag.