VOLUME 4.
£eltct foclrj.
WHO 18 MY NEIGHBOR ?
Thr neighbor t It 1* whom thou
Han power to aid and bless ;
WLoie achin/ head or burning brow
Thy soothing band nmj preta.
Thy neighbor ? Tls th* fainting poor
Whosw eye with want it dim,
When hangar vends from door—
Uo thou and succor him I
Thy neighbor ? 'Tis that weary man,
Whose years are at their brim.
Bent low with sickness, care and pains—
Go thou and comfort him !
Thy neighbor J 'Tis th* heart bereft
of every eartbiy gem ;
Widow and orphan, helpless left—
Uo tboa and shelter thsml
Thy neighbor 1 Yonder toiling slave,
retter'd in thought nod limb,
Whose hopes are all beyend the grate—
Go thou and ransom him!
Whene'r thou meet'st a human form
Less favored than thine own,
Remember tis thy neighbor worm,
Then go and comfort him.
PHILADELPHIA'S WELCOME
To General Phil. Sheridan.
[From the Philadelphia North American.]
On his way through this city Wednes
day, Major General Sheridan rccieved
that particular kind of reception at the
hands of our people that is given only
to itx most houore I guests. When the
Ja|ienese Embassy oauic here, some years
ago, the emir* population poured itself
into the streets. We have seen vast
masses of people gathered on many an
occasion ; but It is on very rare oecanions
that we tiud our populatiou leaving their
domiciles and sallying lorth upou the
highways as they did eduesday alter
buou, thousonds upon thousands.
'I he imfiort of a great gathering like
this is not always to be judged hy its
bumerical extent ; a quick eje can tell
from the spirit and temper ot ti g.i tier
ing of the people i«e .limn) < tli.ii liritig*
it together. Curiosity iha potent in ig
net. and there are many others ot equal
power i>! attraction ; out since the day
that the bouy oi me *1 irtji I.inc. In la)
instate in l'riepe ne? 11 nil. there has
tie*n no stirh iieu.on- ritive gathering
in Pmladei t mi ■« tin wnijd 1 si ni<<ltt
throng *t the Mreeia through which
moved the | r icesau i of tinlitaiy and ci
vilians that ei-c nted troiu the Baltimore
depot to the CouMucntal ihe much be
lovod hero of Winchester, General Phil,
ip Sheridan.
For, down deep in the heart of th«
loyal city lios a love for the patriot sol
- ot the Union. Even the Demo
cratic opponent of the war shares in thi«
feeling, and knows, as well as we, the
difference between the soldier who fought
for the country at loss to himself and
the soldier who, obtaining rank in the
service, made more tnouey by his pay
than he ever did in time of peace, and
was only too sorry when the war was
ended. Wirepullers and politicians put
ting such men upon their tickets may
seek to laud the fame of the soldier and
borrow reflected light from his glory.but
the trick will not answer—the people see
anti understand it.
General Sheridan arrived in a special
oar from Washington in the evening
at About six o'clock. A gun fired from
the Baltimore depot signalled the incoms
ing of the train. There were a dense
crowd of people all around tbo vieinity
long previous to that time. Far down
Broad street, and the lateral Streets, and
as far as tbe eye could extend northward
stretched a sea of heads through which
Cordons of patient poli'emen kept an
open channel. The authorised few,con.
eisting of prominent members of the
Union League, Hon. Simon Cameron,and
the Mayor of the city, recieved the gal
lant soldier as the train rolled into the
gateway. The passengers by the train
flocked tutuultuously out, iu hope of
hearing a speech from General Sheridan.
They should have better known their man
In less time than is required to write the
fact, Gen. Sheridan was in the splendid
barouche prepared to recievc him, with
lion, Simon Cameron and the Mayor,
and wus in the line of the vast process
ion to escoit him to the quarters prepar
ed tor hiui.
The line then moved up Broad street,
amid such cheers thai, if heard at Wash
ingtun, might possibly produce vine
tangib'e result in the viciuity of the
Whitfe House.
The head cf the line was constituted
by the First Di vision td Pennsylvania
Militia, bomfttanded by (General Charles
M. Provost. The ranks were very lull,
HUd the Rose, ves,the Wa;hmgtou Grays,
Baxter's Kiie Zouaves, ihfc Weceacoe
Legion, and Colonel Brady's artillc.y,
looked hiost finely BefoH? ihfc war we
could have mnde no such exhibition,and
even theitfl'dierly eye o' the gallaiitjgiiest
tnust have obst-it'cd the true military
piecision ol their mo<etuenls. Fine
military bands an i.hij anicd the soldiery,
and this pint of ihc procession was its
crowning glory.
In opi n carriages uext came General
Sheridan and staff.
1 he L iiu'B League, in full numbers,
followed, paying lo the guest of th» oc
casion a compliment that, on but three or
four occasions before, has been accorded
to any one. The National Union Club
came next in line, and in lull numbers.
Both carried their insignia and bauners.
and both were accouipauied by martial
bands.
The Republican lovinciblbs, the pride
■nd the flower of our patriotic youth,
followed. They turned out to the num
ber ot twenty one companies. Compa
ny A, composed over one hundred young
men from the business circles of the
eity, commanded by Cuptaio T. 11. B.
Fraley, lias done yeoman service during
two campaigns, and will do it, let us
hope, for years to oomc. Major General
AMERICAN CITIZEN.
Sickel marshaled this part of the pro
cessiou, and nobody could have better
done it.
The Fire Department made a eplend>
id display. To name all the companies
in the line would be impossible. Those
whose names we bare omitted, if any,
will understand that to write in the
midst of a throng packed like figs in a
ilrum is a task that verges closely upon
the impossible. The Chief Marshal,
Charles Darragh; was assisted by aids,
as follows: Charles B. Mullen, Good Will
Engine; Samuel Henderson, Fame Hose;
J. H. Dallas, Shiffler Hose. The Divis
ion Marshals were as follows : First-
Chief, Daniel Stokes, Fame Hose. Aids,
John W. Garvey, Good Intent Hose;
Lewis Sheets, Northern Liberty Engine.
Steond—Chief, R. N. Nichuals, West
Philadelphia Hose. Aids, James Pol
lock, Harmony Engine; Abraham Jacobs
Independence Hose. Third—Chief,Chas.
C Overbeck, Good Will Engine. Aids,
l'". Reutschler, Lalayette IIosc; W.
Wuolmau, Union Hose. Fourth—Chief
F. Everett, Decatur Engine. Aids,Geo.
Bluukley, West Philadelphia Hose ; E.
Nickel, Taykr llose.
We not ec the Good Will Kngine,
Shiffor Lafayette Hose, William
Penu lloso, Iranktin Engine, Reliance
Engine, West Philadelphia Hose, Feb
lownbip Engiue of Germantown, Lincoln
Hose, Washington Engine, Hibernia En
gine. Harmony Engine, Northern Liber
ty Engine,America Engine, Taylor Hose,
SuUiliwaik Engine and Liuiuii Hoe,e,and
missed tnauy o hers whose names we
could not possibly sit down.
A .ong cavalcade of citizens came af'
tct the tire men, and by them the proces
sion wus extended to a much greater
leu^th.
otcpheu T. Soudcr, Esq., Robert R
Corson, Esq ; Heury .. . Gray, Esq.;
Lieuteuani Galloway C. Morris, Colonel
Georye L Wagner and Major Clayton
MDCU'iiohard oiU eikeient duty as aids to
Hie Marsiiai.
1 lie pr./eos.-iou moved up Broad street
to Arch. dOwu Arch to iw.llih, d-ivvn
i weiiib to Chestnut, down Chestnut lo
ilie UuDliiaiutiil iiotel, una iheie dis
missed.
Bunting, in red, white and blue, was
displayed profusely along the eutire
rou;e Many of the private residences
were illuminated from ground floor to
root peak. Horticultural Hall, at which
a splendid annual exhibition was in pro
gress, flashed with light from every win
dow as the line moved by. The flag of
the Society, in red, white and greeu,liad
been displaced in the afternoon by the
patriotic hands of Dr. Rodney King,
E*q., President of the Pennsylvanfa
Horticultural Society, to give place, in
especial honor to General Sheridan, to
the red, white and blue.
The Union League House was literal
ly ablate with gas jets, forming words of
welcome to the honored soldier sent from
New Orleans to Kansas by President
Johnson. The procession moved with
sotne difficulty, in consequence of the
pressure of the crowd, but it reached at
last the Continental, and by the Ninth
street entranco General Sberidan was es
corted up its ample staircase.
Of course he was compelled to show
himself upon the balcony. There was
no light there, and a dozen members of
the Harmony Hose Company with their
torches did duty as link-bearers. Gen
eral Sheridan, General Cameron and the
Mayor,each carrying a booquct,stood by
the window. General Sheridan looked
out in some amnzement upon the dense
multitude of people.
"You have a great crowd here, Mr.
Mayor," he said to Mr. McMichael.—
here do they all come from ?"
"Ah !" was the reply, ! 'they oaly had
twenty-four hours' notice that you were
coming. If they had known it forty
eight hours ago, you would have seen
something like a crowd.
General Sheridan stepped upon the
balcony, and then the welkin rang. The
checriug was that particular kind that
couics from the liea-t— the cheering that
when a man knows he is its object, tells
him that a people love and honor him
But no speech did he make,though cheer
followed upon like billow upon
billow, when a great tide mils in upon
the strand.
"Gmid niyht, good night, good night,
gentlemen."
I lus w.-s General Sheridan's speech
Having made it he retired, and whatev
er else he said was said in tlie privacy of
a banquet given to h in by h.s Philadel
phia frie..ds when all outside of it was
completed
' LITTLE I'HII. SHERIDAN" AT INDE
TENHKNCE HALL. —A dense sonC'ufse
of people Kwelled around the State House
Thursday UIB.II, eager to get at least a
gliuipse i■*' the gallant hero of the im.
mortal "Riile, It was iiudf rslood that
the hero would be formally r.eicetl by
the Mayor and Councils of ibe eity, at
the hour Of twelve and a half o'clock
So great was the pressure that strong
cordons of pi)ltc«? wore necessary to keep
open a way through which the honored
guest could pass.
Some time before the hour appointed
for the reception the way was made
clear, and all save those authorized to be
present were politely invited to retiro.—
The task was by no nicabs an easy one,
for the multitude was great, and the cu
riosity to look upon the honest face < 112
the brave Sheridan was something akin
to irrepressible. But a space was ulti
mately cleared, and a few minutes before
one o'clock the two branches of City
Councils were called to order in their re
spective chambers. President Spering
of Select Council, and Mareer, of Com
mon Council, were promptly in their
plaoee. The Mayor heading, the two
"Let trs-have Faith that Right makes Might j and in that Faith let us, to the end, dare to do our duty as we understand it"— A - Lincoln
BUTLER, BUTLER COUNTY, PENN'A, WEDNESDAY, OCTOBER 9, 1867-
bodies then moved to the rear of the Hall
flanked by the two Presidents of Coun
cils, and took up a position at the rear of
the Hall, the members of Councils form
ing a close line on either side, reaching
to the door of entrance,
A vociferous and reverbfating salve of
shouts outside soon afterwards announced
the approach of "Cavalry Phil," the
honored guest of the occasion. He was
resplendent in his foil uniform, looking
ns he is, every inch the fighting soldier
He alighted from his carriage, with his
staff, amid cheers that resounded far and
wide from the gathered multitude.—
Brigadier General Forsyth, Colonel For
syth and Lieutenant Colonel J. S. Cros
by, of his personal staff, also fully uni
formed, alighted with him. But that the
police, stern and inexorable, kept off all
approach, the General would have been
subjected to as annoying a hand-shaking
as he was obliged to endure the night
before, when he came in at the Baltimore
depot.
The visitor qioved briskly through the
lines of poli -c,atM thence into Independ
ence Hall, where renewed cheeis greet
ed their coming.
Mayor McMichael advanced from his
position half way to the .door, and thus
said :
General • Here, in the birth place of
the republic—here, where the Declara
tion of Independence was adopted and
proclaimed, tbe city of Philadelphia,
through its constituted authorities, bids
you vfrelcoiue; you, who have fought so
gallantly in guarding the life of the re
public ; you, who have acted so wisely
in maintaining the principles of the Dec
laration.
It is not possible for me to put into
adequate speech ihe feelings that prompt
this welcome, and I shall not attempt it.
Intensely loyal as this community was
during the war to crush the rebellion, it
delights to honor those who marshalled
our armies and led them to victory—iu
tensely national as this eomnjunity now
is, it delights to h.oior those who arc
earnest in the pun so that the triumph
ot Jaw shall equal I lie tiiuuiph of the
battlefield, iu both these respects it rec
ognizes in you one wh • is pre-eminently
deserving. Three years ago the whole
country rung with your exploits in Vir
ginia; to-day the whole couutry ring* with
your exploits in Louisiana. The fiery
courage which hurled back the legioas
who sought, to destroy the national flag
finds its fitting counterpart in the stead
last devotiou that resists all efforts to im
pair the national supremacy.
General : For you and such as you
eulogiutns are needless. Your own true
heart faithfully interprets to you the
sympathies of the nation you have seiv
ed and are still serving ro well. But
while this is so, my fellow-citizens, in
whose behalf I am now speaking, would
not forgive me if I did not at least say
that among tbe heroes whose deeds were
most inspiring, none stands higher in
their affections than Cavalry Sheridan ;
among the martyrs who have suffered in
their cause none fills them with more
profound respect than the deposed com
mander of the fifth military district.
General: I have now the honor to in
troduce to you the Councils of Philadel
phia, and in their name, and the name
of the people of the city, again I bid you
welcome.
General Sheridan thus responded :
"I regret very much that I am una
ble to express my appreciation of the
high honor which you have conferred
upon me. I can only say that it will
highly gratify me if you will convey to
the Councils of the city of Philadelphia
and to its citizens my heartfelt thanks
fur this kind reception. I regret very
much that I am not able to more appro
priately express my appreciation."
This was all that the honored visitor
<?ould say. A person'] introduction to
the. members of Councils was next in or
der, and this done,the doors were thrown
open, and the Hero of Winchester and
the Shenandoah received the congrafula.
tions of the citizens in geucral.
TIIE SEttENADE.
Toward midnight Broad street began
to fill, and soon to overflow. The poo-
Ile came from all directions, and it
was'nt long before farther than the eye
could reach, there extended a sea of
heads. It was known all through the
city that Generals Sheridan and Sickles
would be serenaded, and though the peo
ple knew that General Sheridan makes
no speeches, they were bent upon at
least getting a sight of him.
The band raised its brazen melody in
front of the League, Jaut the multitude
silenced it by their calls for Sheridan
and Pickles.
Geueral Wagner made a few prefato
ry remarks, as thus :
Generals .Sheridan »nd Rfrkles, Com
rades of the Vrni|r of the Republic:
Permit me. in the naiip and in lehlaf
of tbe Grand Army < 112 the Republic of
the Department of Pennsylvania, to ex
ttiid to you a rnoft cardial welcome to
our midst. Many of my comrades now
before you were among those who dur
ing rebellion looked to you to lead
them upon the enemy, and snatch vic
tory even in the jaws of death. At Ce
dar Creek, where you (General Sheridan
sent Early whirling up the valley ; at
Five Forks, where the rebels recived
their final overthrow at your bands ; at
Gettysburg, where you (General Sickles)
led us upon rebel hordes, and where you
gave your good right limb for the safety
of our own State—on many another field
amidst carnage and blood, wo were in
spired by your example fo deeds of dar
ing for our flcg and our beloved land.
True to the ccuntry then, in its hour
of danger from armed treason, we find
you still true in its preseut hour of dan
ger from covert rebellion. As we fol
lowed you then in the fight, so will we
follow you now in your efforts to recon
struct the south upon the basis of the
will of loyal men. as expressed by the
acts of Congress, and as victory and
glory and honor rewarded you then, so
will glory and honor be your portion in
these days of political contest.
in the name of toy comrades,
I beg to bid you welcome, and to assure
you of pur continued fealty to the cause
of freedom, of liberty, to our Bag and
our country.
He then introduced Major General
Phil. Sheridan, amid vociferous peals of
applause—applause calculated to bring
an attack of billious colic upon every ad
mirer of Mr. Johnson, or candidate for
Democratic place or office.
General Sheridan said simply this.
Comrades, I have had many proud
days of late many a day of exultation and
delight. I have felt them both when
carrying the flag of victory on the battle
field. I have been gratified during the
last four years on many days, but I do
assure you, heartily assure you, that I
never felt prouder than I do this day in
being welcomed hsre by the Union
League and by the citizens of this loyal
Philadelphia.
The shouts that went up as the Gen
eral retired were huge in their dimen
sions, if sounds have a tangible volume
or the terra be admissible. Next came
calls for General Sickles, who laying
aside his crutches aud resting upon the
bulcouy, thus spoke:
Comrades, I am glad to see you, one
and oil, and thank you for these ex*,
pressious of attachment and regard.
This meeting recalls the tiaio when the
country was in peril; and Scott was
hoJdiug Washington for the inaugura
tion of Lincoln, and Cameron was filling
the arsenals Floyd had emptied ; when
Stanton, the great war minister of mod
ern times, created the armies that won
tho day at Antietarn, Shiloh, Gettysburg
Chattanooga. Winchester and Richmond.
(Cheers) We recall the day when crouch
ing rebellion held Sheridan's stirrup
while he mounted for his ride through
the valley. (Prolonged shouts) We see
llancock repelling the enemy's last
charge on Cemetery Ridge; wo see Lee
sutreuder his sword and his army to
Grant—in vincible in the field, trust
worthp in couneil.
Yet peace has her victories also. Now
the government ia engaged in the con
servative duty of organizing loyal civil
authority in the Rebel States. Of ooursc
this can only be done by giving the right
to vote to all tho loyal people lit the
south, (applause.) And until loyal
State governments are established Con'
grcss must retain control. No other
means being possible, military officers
have been Rent to execute the laws of
Congress, preserve order, protect tho
loyal people, and superiutend the forma
tion of State governments.
It has beeen said that congressional
action and military protection were un
necessary. Let us see about that for a
moment. Tho Legislature of South
Carolina, in 1865, passed a law. approv
ed by Mr. Perry, the Provisional Gov
ernor, reorganizing the militia of the
State. By that law any officer of the
militia was authorized, in the exercise
of his own discretion to call out his com*
mand and shoot down, disperse, kill and
destroy any assemblage of freed people
of color found anywhere under circum
stances that, in the opinion of tho officer
meant mischief. That law was suspend
ed by military authority. And Congress
prohibited all such militia. (Cheers for
Congress and Gen. Sickles.)
In North Carolina, in 1865, a law was
passed legalizing all transactions of guar
dians, executors and trustees by which
the property of widows and orphan chil
dren was turoau into confederate money
and confederate bonds, went to bolster
np the rebellion and impoverish the
women and children to whom it belong
od. This law was revoked by military
authority. A worthy cititcn of New
York, whose name is McLaughlin, went
to South Carolina soon after the war and
hired an abandoned plantation from tho
Freedmen's Bureau, in whose charge it
was placed by law. McLaughlin planted
and raised a crop, when along came the
returned rebel who claimed the land, had
him putin prisou uutil he could find
forty thousand dollars bail for tresspass,
and took possession of the land and crops
of "Shame !" "shame !")
That is a specimen of the treatment
northern settlers would have reeeived in
the absence of the military protection
since given by Congress. In Caswe'l
coun'y. North Carolina, during the war,
a loyal resident, while escaping from the
enemy's lines to ours, where he after l
wards did good service, took without
leave, one night, a piece of baccs for
tubsistcnce on the march When he re
turned home alter the war was supposed
to be over, he was arrested tried on tho
charge of burglary, and sentenced to be
hung, and to pay the costs. (Laughter
and cheering.
While he was awaiting trial and pend
ing the execution of the sentence, the
prisoner was chained inside of an iron
cage and kept there for a year, without
a blanket even in winter. Information
of his case having reached the military'
the case was undergoing in*
vestigation when the Governor of North
Carolina, in the exercise of power given
to him by the military commander, par
doned tho maq. The Costa not having
been paid, on account of the poverty of
the poor fe!low, he waa confined for sopie
time afterwards in trie same place, until
released by military authority. Hero is
ao illustration of what must hare been
the late of loyal refugees if the govern
ment had not affordei them military pro*
teetion.
Three thousand schools for the edui
cation of freey people have been estab*
lished under the protection of our bayo*
nets. Two hundred and fifty thousand
colored people attend these schools. Nor
has our presence aided only our loyal
friends, whom we were bound in honor
and humanity to protect. Assured of
justice, free labor has produced this year
two million five hund.ed thousand bales
of cotton, and the largest crop of grain
raised in many years. The value of thin
crop in money is more thuu two hundred
millions of dollars.
Its value to the population of the
south can only be mensural by the esti
mate to be put on their lives; for with
out it they must have periched by famine
And yet without military protection the
freedmen would have (led from their old
masters and sought security aud employ
ment in the free States. Congress did
not send us there to compel the rebels
(o pay the expenses of the war, as Bis
marck would have done. The north is
paying the costs of the rebellion alter
winning the victory, and we have been
helping our former adversaries to foed
and clpthe themselves, and to recover
from the ruin in which they have in
volved themselves. (The crowd here
became very much excited.) Uistory
may be challenged for another instance
in which vanquished enemies have been
so generously treated by their conquer*
ors.
My strength and your patience will
not hold out if my remarks be prolonged.
(Cries of"Go on ! we liko to hear you."
"Don't stop !") I will add one 'or two
observations, with your indulgence, be
fore I bay "Good night."
Comrades, "This government is a re
public, where the will of thepeple is the
law of the land." This maxim, so full
of wisdom and truth, we have from Grant
the General-in-Chief of our armies. No
military authority has been exerswpd
in the rebel States not authorized by
Congress and sanctions.! by the laws of
the land. Military force is there only
to execute the laws. Under military
protection loyal civil governments will
ba established.jnnd maintained by ballots
putin the hands of loyal men.
If that could have been done ten years
ago we would have had no rebellion. If
we do it now,we will not have another.
Have no fear that the colored race will
not know their friends from their foes.
Their hearts, full of gratitude, will gov
ern their conduct as citizens. Loyalty
and order are to them almost as sacred
as religion. Indeed, they believe their
deliverance to be the work of Providence.
Safe arid trusted at home, they will con
tribute vastly to tlio resources of the na
tion, and take nothing away from the
employments or tho franchise of any oth
race or class.
Within the sound of my voice is tho
spot where the sublime truth was pro
claimed that "all men are created freo
and equal." Upon this rock our repub
lican institutions are built. No power
can prevail against it.
Comrades! Let us not forget our brave
companions who fell in the war for the
Union. Their shroudless forms lie bur*
ied in many a forest and field, like au
tumn leaves. Their nameloss graves are
numbered only by the recording angel.
Let us sometimes listen to thoir sad voic
es, mournful as muffled drums, and heard
even through the yielding sod. They
say to us now, "Brothers—You who are
spared—leave not undone the work we
did not live to help you do."
This closed the exercises of an even
ing that no parcipitant could fail to have
enjoyed. ] #
A REMARKABLE LAKE. —The Jacksonville
(Origin) Sentinel of a fate date M.ya:
■Several of our citizens returned last week
from n visit to the .Sunken Lake, situated
in rheCascad* Mountains, about seventy-five
miles north-east from Jacksonville. This lake
rivals the famous valley of Sinbad the Sail
or. It is thought to average two thousand
feet down to the water all around. The
walls are almost perpendicular, running
down into the water, and leaving no beach.
Tho doptli of ihe water is unknown, and its
surfaoe is smooth and unruffled, and it lies
so far below the surface of the mountain that
the air currents do not effect it. Its length
is estimated nt twelve miles, and its breadth
at ten. No living man ever has, and prob
ably never will tie able to reach the water's
edge. It lies silont, still and mysterious
in the bosom of the 'everlasting hill,' like
a huge well, scooped out by the hands of
■ he giant genii of the mountain in unknown
ages gone by, and around it the primeval
forests Wdtch and ward nre keeping. The
visiting party fired a rifle (several times in
the water at an angle of foty.five degrees
and were able to denote severat seconds of
time to froth the report of the gun until the
hall struck the witter. Such seems incred
ible, bur is vouched forhv s..me of our most
lru«tworthy citizens. The lake is certainly
a most remarkable curiosity.
CAN ANT ONE TELL.— Can snv one tell
why men who cannot pay small bills, can
always find money to bay liquors, and treat
happening among their friends ?
Can any one tell how young then who
dodge their washerwoman and are always
behind with tehir landlords, can play bil
liards night and day, and are always r«ady
for a game of poker or seven-up ?
Can any one tell how men live and support
their families who have no income and do
not work, while others who are industrious
and constantly employed, half starve ?
Can any one tell how it is that a man
who ia too poor to pay for a newspaper, is
able to pay a dollars or two a week for tobac
co, whiskey or eigrra ?
"SAM," yid one little urchin to acother
"dtesyour schoolmaster ever give yuu any
reward of merit 1" "I suppose he" dose/'
was the reply ; " he gives me a lickin' reg»
ular every day, and saya I merit two;"
CONGRESS AND THE 00N8TT-
The attempt to represent Congress as
acting outside of the Constitution it its
reconstruction laws, and as having bet
aside the great charter of our liberties for
the purpose of usurping aud fielding
despotic authority never oontemplated
by the founder of the government, began
with Presideut Jouson, aud has been
followed up iudustriously by nil the cop
pcrheuds and rebels wh> coustituto the
army of his supporters, by the i'c-.v weak
minded or corrupt recreaut Republican?
and camp followerswho left the great
loyal orgauizatiou for the sake of the
loaves and fishes of official patronage,
and by such extreme Radicals as wish
to drive the party iuto ultra measures at
whlah the majority revolt. But, by
whomsoever, urged, this charge is wicked
and most deleterious to all the best in
terests of the Republic. No political
organization our history has ever escaped
charges of this kind, so that it can hard
ly be a matter of wonder in the present
lease, But againstthe reconstruction acts
or Congress the allegations have been
most violoutly urged, because the Presi
dent has desired that excuse for no t en
forcing them.
General Sickles has briefly roplied to
these charges by referring to the decis
ion of the Supreme Court in the New
Mexico ease, IU which it was distinctly
affirmed that the irilitary occupation of
the territory of un enemy supersedes ill
civil government existing there, and
furthermore, that the orders, ordinances
and regulation'! made by the military
commander remained in force until su*
perseded by Congress, or by a looal civil
government created by Congress. It
cannot reasonably be disputed that the
conquered territory occupied by our
armies at the olose of the war was aud
had been that held by an enemy for four
years (or, although constituting a portion
of our national domain, it was beyond
our control entirely during all that poriod
in consequence of being forcibly seized
and held by a rebellion of the inhabit
ants thereof.
That the body of thorebels constituted
an "enemy" in the eye of tho law is clear.
That this was the "enemy's territory"
contemplated by the decision in question
is not less clear. They had lived there
all their lives, they had ruled it civilly
during all that tisio, aud though belong
ing to the national empire, it was their
territory also. Until the rebellion was
orushed that condition of things retrain
ed. We had not lost our torritory. It
was forcibly held by tho other portion of
the national partnership, and when the
suit at arms was decided in our favor,
tho forcible detainer was ended, and the
property passed into the absolute control
of the common sovereignty for the pur
poses ot the final adjustment. This is
as much good sound law as it is common
sense. We had not lost any portion of
our sovereign rights over this territory
because it happened lo have passed out
of our possession into that of an enemy in
arms against us. Our rights were only
in obeyance, and awaiting tho drbitr*-
ment of war-
Hut it 19 contended that, admitting
this, the conquest decided nothing
than the permanent sovereignty, and
thai under the Constitution the right* of
the subjugated States then became valid
again on their sab'nissiou to the laws.
The decision in tho New Mexico oase
does not admit of this construction ; for
if it did, we coiild not continue the mil
itary occupation for the purpose of sc
curing the fruits of dur conquest or pro
tecting loyal citizens against outrage, and
had tl at been the case, the tebel armies
might all have been immediately reorgan
ized, and, taking their stand by their
State governments, have contented them
selves with protecting their rebei author
ities in nullifying our laws. So eminent
was this danger that it led to the adop
tion of President Johnson's reconstruc
tion measures, whereby the rebel State
governments were swept aside and new
ones substituted.
As it would have been impossible to
govern these States by the military au
thority alone without the aid of civil or
ganization, these measures of the Presi
dent were useful as transition stages in
the work of reconstruction, and answer
ed well an far as they went. They had
no other authority than what was deriv
ed from the decision of tho Supreme
Court in the New Mexico case. But the
subsequent recreant course of the Presi
dent revived the rebel spirit, and renders
it impossible for Congress to be content
with so imperlect a result of so great a
struggle. It was then perfectly compe
tent for Congress, in the exercise of the
power to be vested in it by the language
of the New Mexico decision, to restore
the military occupation, which was done
in a mild form ; to subject the new State
governments to it, and provide new ma
chinery of reconstruction, under requires
nicnts specifically set down, and not in
any sense unconstitutional, because the
power of Congress in this conqurred ter
ritory had became as«supreme and abso
lute as in auy of the other unorganized
national territories.
This was, indeed, in point offset, the
condition into which tho conquered
States had upset by the protracted civil
war. All the civil organization being
involved in the crime or rebellion, had
ceased to have a legal existence in the
eye of the national laws. President
Johnson virtually so declared when he
removed all their power, subverted their
authority and set up new governments of
his own. They were unorganized ter
ritories, and, like all such, subjects to
the military authority. Unorganised
territories can never obtain any legal or-
NUMBER 4St
ganization in this republic in anjf other
way than such a. may be pointed oat by
Congress. What the President did wu
to establish provisional governments.
But until Congress should formally reo
ognise them they were not legal Stati
organizations. All this is as maej the
law under the view of the Supreme
Courtas nnythlhg over adjudioated by
that high tribunal.— Philadelphia North
American.
i HAIL TO THE CHtEFi
Major General Philip H. Sheridsrf
has been honored with a reeeptien It f
Philadelphia by the oitizens and puhjio
authorities commensurate' with his em
inent services The event reflect! honor
upon our people, who have thus shown
their sense of appreciation of the high
deserts of ono of the most chivalrous sol* ■
diers of the age, whose name and fame
have flown abroad to the ends of the
earth, and are discussed in the pages of
the Paris Revue det Deux Mundcs as
readily as in the journals of our own
lair land. General Sheridan comes
hither from the capital of the nation, to
which he was summoned from a post of
duty where he was rendering the tnqst
devoted and essential | service to his
country, and to the great cause of tepab
lican liberty, with all that combination
of energy and shrewdness for which bis
career was so remarkable, and where, bad
he been allowed to remain, he would
have finishod tip his work' in the same
brilliant style that characterized his
remarkablo military campaigns daring
the civil war.
This is no holiday, soldier, who has
worn his rcputaticfti threadbare in ffta
ding it through home service; no am
bitious civilian, seeking elevation through
military rank ; no beaten general, claim
ing credit for masterly retreats or Won
drous stratogy that ended in nothing. It
is a beau tabrcur as famous as Murat —a
soldier whose, very name hasVbeen a
tower of Btrength to his army, and from
whose headquarters in tho saddle trinmph
waved her starry emblem over every,
field to which he rodo with the rush of
the whirlwind, bearing electric fury to
his nwn men and terror to his foes'
It is such a man as this, so honorod
by his own troops, so loved by his count
rymen, so admired by the civilized world,
and of whom the Gencral-in\Cbief sai<l :
that he was able to command all the
armies of the republic with signal Sac
cess, that our accidental President has
chosen to rebuko by removiug him from
the command of the military district to
which he had been appointed—not be
cause of any dereliction of duty, not be
cause of disobedience of orders; not be
oause of failure to fulfill tho objects of
his mission—for of none of theso has he
been accused—but for adhering to the
strict letter of his duty, as laid down in
the reconstruction laws of Congress, for
refusing to allow rehol traitors to nullify
these laws, for depriviug rebels of the
official power af mischief, and placing
the responsibilities of civil posts upon
loyal and patriotic men.
Returning to tho capital, the Prest'
dent, who should thank him for his ser
vices, turns a cold shoulder, and sympa
thy of traitoiejs wretehea who never bad
a word <J( cheer for the Union eaose
during tbe whole of the long,deadly strife.
The soldier whose "swoTd hai won the
battle fur the free," the able chieftain
who has dismantled the fortres4 ot re
bellion in Louisiana and Texas, and
male tho laws and the loyal cause par
amount, encounters only the stern
disapproval of a recreant Chief Mag
istrate and his submissive and pliant
Cabinet. This, it will be said in En
rope, is another proof of the ingratitude
of republics, for no hero ever had better
claims to reward than Sheridan, and
none has ever been treated so shafflsfal
ly and so unjustly.
But is it really so ? Does the republic
feel ungrateful for these glorious ser
vices/ Let the grand reception
awarded to Sheridan by the people at St:
Louis, at Washington, and at Philadelt
phia answer. The hearts of tho loyal
masses are all right. They love, they
honor, and they will itaod by ady man
who faithfully does his duty. Bat
especially will they adhere to the gal
lant soldier who,alter emerging triumph
antly from a struggle with the enemy in
a long and terrible war, erects new moi
nunments of glor to liberty and loyalty
by his administration of * distant and
dangerous {department, in tbe face of
rebel local officials and secrat conspir
a oies, surrounded by yellow fever, and
attacked in the rear by a recreant
President of the ropublic.
It is through no fault of the people
that the unhappy man who wields tho
Executive has become the base tool of a
rebel reaction. It is a Calamity which
Providence has visited upen as, as Chs
same inscrutable wisdom affliced us with
uumerous disasters in the war, to lift
our hearts, to strengthen oar purposes,
to elevate our devotion to freedom and
nationality, te prevent our rusihng with
too much heedless haste into measure
that, if consummated ere this, wight
have bfcon regretted. General Sheridan
is too good a soldier, too earnest an
American, too stouthearted in tho oanso
of freedom, to believe that the republio
has been ungreateful to him fer his
glorious services. With the same sub
lime devotion, he will await the coming
of that meed of justice which so many ot'
his brave comrades have during the long
struggle been doomed to await With
painful patience.
TBI man who. has nothing to boast of BUT
his illustrious ancestry is like a potato—the
only good belonging to biui is under the
groan ad >