SURRAT'S TRIAL
The Charge or Judge Fisher
WASHINGTON, August 7-—ln the Sur
ratt case to-day, after some discussion
■upon immaterial points, Judge Fisher
charged the Jury at length, concluding
as follows : "From the observations which
arc addressed to you, you will infer, first,
that a conspiracy formed in time of war
to take the life of the President and
Vice President of the Republic, and the
heads of tie Executive Departments, for
the purpose of aiding the eneraiox of th«
Federal Government by throwing it into
anarchy and confusion, is treason as hei
nous and hurtful to the people of this
country as comparing the death of the
King or Queen of Great Britain is to the
subjects of that realm.
" Second, That every person engaged
in such conspiracy, as long as he contin
ues a member ot it, is responsible not
only for the act of treason, but for any j
murder or less crime which may flow i
from it.
"Third, That the Government may
waive the charge of treason against any
or nil of the conspirators, and proceed
against them for the smaller crime of
murder included in the greater crime of
treason.
'•(Fourth, That under an indictment
for a murder resulting from the prosecu
tion of such a conspiracy, evidence of
the entire scope of the conspiracy may be
considered in estimating the heinous char
acter of the offense laid in the indi:t
meat.
" Fifth, That it was not necessary to
aver in the indictment the fact that Abra
ham Lincoln, the victim of murder, was
at the time of its commission, President
of the United States, or to prove, in or
der to allow the jury to take that fact
into account in determining the heinous
character of the crime, it being a tact of
which the Court will take judicial cog
nizance.
" Sixth, That he who does an act by
another, does it by himself, and is respon
sible for its consequence in a criminal
caie as well as in a civil case.
"Seventh, That although an alibi, when
clearly established, forms u complete and
unanswerable defense,mere absence from
the immediate scene of a crime resulting
from a conspiracy unrepented of and
abandoned by the party, will not avail
him, if he were at some other place as
signed him, performing his part in that
conspiracy.
" Eighth, That this plea is, unless
clearly made cut, always regarded with
suspicion, and a circumstance weighing
•against him who attempted it, because it
implies an admission of the tiuth of the
facts alleged against him, and the cor
rectness of the inference drawn from
them.
" Ninth. That the flight front the scene
of the crime, the fabrication of false ac
counts, the concealments of instruments
of violence, are circumstances indicating
g"'"- , „ . . ,
" Tenth, Although a confession in the
slightest degree tainted with the promise
of favor, or by duress of fear, is not ad
mitted as evidence against him who
makes it, yet, if made fieely and volnn
tarily, it is one of the surest proofs of
guilt.
As to the credibility of winesses, you
are to be the exclusive judges. You see
them face to face; you know whether
ihey are confirmed or unsupported, or
contradicted by other witnesses of credit
or other circumstances ; you arc to judge
whether their testimony has been im
peached, and consider every matter that
will shed any light as to what has been
truthfully or falsoly deposed by any wit
ness. You will diligently col'ate, com
pare and carefully weigh and consider all
the testimony in the case on both sides.
Y'ou will not disregard or reject the tes
timony of any witness unless satisfied he
has been shown to be unworthy of pure
evidence by reason of his want of char
acter for truth, his contradicting himself
or being flatly contradicted by others of
bettor credit, or by dishonesty of purpose
manifested by his conduct and manner in
testifying before you. In conclusion,
you will tahe the case with the honest
purpose to do justice to the United States,
and the defendant, beariug in mind that
it is the office of the law to secure the
punishment of the guilty and protection
of the innocent. If John H. Surrat, in
the honest and intelligent conviction of
your judgment and consciences, is not
guilty, so pronounce by your verdict,
thus giving a lesson of assurance that a
court of justice is the asylum of inno
cence ; on the contrary, if guilty, pro
nounce him guilty, and by your verdict
furnish a guaranty to the intended vic
tims of guilt, and a testimonial to the
country and the world that the District
of Columbia, set apart by the Constitu.
tion of the United States as the theater
of the exercise of the Federal power,
ogives the judicial guaranties essential to
the protection of the persons of the pub
lic servants commissioned by the people
of the Nation to do their work safe and
sacred from the presence of unpunished
osanssuis within its borders."
The jury retired to their rooms at
•twenty-eight piinutes before twelve.
'CHARLESTON, August B. —General
Sickles has issued an order in relation
to certain movies advanced by South
Carolina Hanks during the war, for the
purchase of horses for the Confederate
-service, but which .not being expended,
Iliad, been distributed since the war un
•der Chanoery docreeo among the banks
.and other olaimants. The order annuls
•tho dccee as a fraud against the Gov
ernment, and appoints a receiver upon
the part of the Government to whom the
lands arc distributed, including tho fees
of <Jounoil are to be repaid. Tho re
ceiTer is directed to report promptly all
delinquencies or obstructions, on the
part of indvidvals or corporations in
the way of tho execution of this order.
—Lord Littleton proposed a most ex-
Aeaordiaary amendment to tho English
Reform bill, which, if it passed, would
-dufranciiiae a large minority of the
greatest men in the kingdom. No one
is <t« vote "who cannot write a I'gxble
baaL" J
FROM EUROPE.
TH2 PRUBBIAN BUDGET.
BERLIN, August B.— lt is stated that
Baron Von Der Ileydl, Minister of Fi
nance, will be able to show in his forth
coming budget that the reveuue ofPrus
sia will exceed the expenditures, and
the Government will not be under the
necessity of proposing any new tax.
MILITARY TREATY.
The City ot Hamburg has agreed to
sign a military treaty with Prussia.
THE SUFFERING CRETANS.
PARIS, August B.—The French squad
ron which sailed recently for Candia to
relieve the Buffering families of the Cre«
tans took on board 1,500 refugees, most
ly women, children and old men, and
conveyed them to a place of safety.
THE RUSSIAN LOAN.
The Russian loan being more readily
taken on Bourse than was at first cxpec
tP'a' its success may now be said to be
established here.
TNE ISLAND OF ST. THOMAS.
LONDON, Evening, August B.—lt
positively denied in Copenhagen that the
Government of Denmark has any inteni
tion of entering into negotiations for the
sale of the Island of St. Thomas. This
denial is rendered necessary by the pres
ence in that city of Senator Doolittle, of
the United States, who was reported to
be bearer of propositions from the Amer
ican Government for the purchase of the
Island.
THE REFORM BILL DISCUSSED.
LONDON, August 9, 1 A M —A long
and exciting debate was had in the
House of Commons to night on the Re
form bill, which had been returned from
the House of Lords. Amendments had
been made in the upper House modify
ing lodger copy hold and lease hold fran
chise allowing use of voting papers and
conferring franchise upon under grades
of universities, all of which were rejec
ted. but anotheir amem'insnt providing
for the representation of minorities was
agreed to,
THE BRIGHTON RACES.
LONDON, Augu t B.—The Brighton
races concluded today. The Beenniat
stakes were won by Trocadero, and the
Brighton Club stakes by Red Cap.
TROOPS TO BE SENT TO CANADA.
LONDON, August 9.—The Govern
ment will immediately dispatch a large
body of troops to Canada to repel threat
ened Fenian invasions from the United
States.
CHURCH RITES BILL REJECTED.
In the House of Lords last evening
the bill to abolish church rites was re
jected by t> large majority.
I FRENCH OCCUPATION OF COCHIN CHINA.
PARIS, August 9.—Dispatches receiv
ed here confirm the previous announce
ment of the occupation of three provin
ces of Cochin China by the French
forces.
DKATH OF THE EX-QUEEN OF NAPLEB.
LONDON, August 9. —Dispatches re
ceived here announce the death of Marie
Sophie Amelia, daughter of Maximilian
Joseph, Duke of Bavaria, and ex-Queen
of Naples.
FEAI FUI. RAILROAD ACCIDENT.
LONDON. August 9. —A terrible rail
road casualty occurred at Bray Head,
Wicklow County, Ireland, today. The
Express train from Dublin for Wicklow,
when at the above named locality,ran off
j the track and eight passenger coaches
were .precipitated into the Sea. The
railroad at that point runs along the
summit of a high bluff The loss of life
was frightful. Only one person in the
whole train, a man named Morris, es
caped alive.
CHOI,ERA AT PALERMO.
FLORENCE, Augest 10. —Dispatches state
that the cholera is raging with considerable
violence at Palermo.
TREATY OF PEACE CONCLUDED.
ST. PETERSBURG, August 10. —The war
hetween Russia and Bokhara has termina
ted. A treaty of peace was concluded yes
terday.
THE RAILWAY ACCIDENT.
LONDON. August 10.—Later dispatches
from the tcene of the recent railway acci
dent at Brayhead. indicate that the first ac
count was greatly exaggerated. Only a
portion of the train left the track , three
coaches were precipitated into the sea, and
four persons killed outright, and many dan
genusly injured. Nearly everybody on
the train was killed or injured.
INSULT TO MINISTER MORRIS.
PARIS, August 10.—The Turkish Admi
ral recently forcibly took a dispatch from a
servant of the United States Minister re«i
dent at Constantinople, Edward Jay Morris.
It is reported that Mr. Morris has sinee laid
the ca«e bef re the Turkish Government and
demanded redress for the ootrage. The
reply of the Sublimo Porto has not trans
pired.
TNI SWATARA ORDRED TO CRETX.
LONDON, August 10.—The United States
war steamer Swatara has been ordered to
Crete.
RICHMOND.
RICHMOND, August B.—General
Schofield to-day issued BD order that af
ter the 20th iust. all destitute freedmen
in the State be turned over by the mil
itary authorities to the overseers of the
poor, in their respective counties and
cities, as the Freedmen's Bureau rations
will no longer be issued in the United
States Court to any.
John Morris, of Mecklinburg, was sen
tenced to pay a fine of 11,200 aud six
months imprisonment, lor romovng
whisky from his distillery without paying
government tax.
THE successive laws ®f Congress, for
raatoringthe recreant States to tho Union
bear a striking anaiugy to the lamous
flank movements for suppressing their
rebellion against it. Eueh change of
position, necessitated by it,sane opposi
tion,places the opponents in a worse con
dition than they were before it, while it
makes the triumph of right the more
sure. The more wise of their public
men perceive that they are not far from
Appomattox now, and counsel surren
der, rather than hazard, by further resis
tance, the danger of confiscation. The
Republican party wishes to save them
from further damage aud final ruin,
through their madness, but tbey refuse \
to be saved. - 1
ftltc gUtericatt Citisen,
MSf" The Largest Circulation oj
any Paper in the County.
C. E. ANDERSON, - - • Editor
BUTLER PA.
wedxesdaOlUH. W#7.
"Liberty and Union, Now and Forever, One
and 'nseparable."—D. Webster.
Union Republican State Ticket.
SUPREME JUDGE.
Hon. Henry W. Williams,
Of Allegheny County.
Union Republican County Ticket.
ASSEMBLY .*
JAMES T. M'JUNKIN,
JOHN EDWARDS, [LAWRENCE CO.]
GEO. 8. WESTLAKE, )
DAVID ROBINSON, j MEBtER co
TREASURER:
HUGH MORRISON.
COMMISSIONER :
CHARLES HOFFMAN.
JURY COMMISSIONER :
CHARLES M'CLUNG.
AUDITOR :
J. CALVIN GLENN.
Killed by l.iglitiilng.
On Wednesday, the 7th inst., about 4
o'clock, P. M., as near as can be ascer
tained, Thomas A. Hutchison, of Centre
township, while engaged in binding oats
in his own field, was struck by lightning
and, as is believed, instantly killed. The
circumstances as related to us. are about
these : Supper time having arrived Mrs.
Hutchison called her husband to come
to supper, but receiving no answer she
sent her little Btep-son to the field to tell
his father to come to supper. In a short
time the little boy returned and stated
that his father was lying in the field, and
that he had called him twice to some to
supper, and that he made no answer.—
This, with the manner and appearance
of the boy, excited the suspicion of Mrs.
Hutchison, that all was not right, and
that something had befallen her husband-
She immediately pent her sister tint wa->
living with her to Samuel Miller's, a
neighbor near by, who informed him of
the circumstances. Mr. Miller and son
repaired immediately to the place, and
found Mr. Hutchison lying in the field as
itated by the little boy. He was on his
back with a ready made band in Lis hand,
an unbound sheaf of oats lying over one
foot, evidently showing that he had just
completed making the band in an erect
posture and was about to bind- the sheaf
when he was struck.
Mr. Miller and son found that ho was
dead. They then spread the news ; sev*
eral of the neighbors soon assembled;
and by this time it was late, and had the
appearance of rain, and it was decided
that it was right, under all the circum
stances, to remove the corpse to the house,
which was accordingly done.
On the afternoon of the next day, an
inquest was held on the body by W. A.
Christy, Esq. There were visible marks
on the person of the deceased which, in
the opinion of the members of the in
quest, were caused by a stroke of light
niug. This, in connection with the facts
aa above detailed which were elicited at
the Inquest, and from all the circumstan.
ces surrounding the case, and from the
fact that during the evening there had
been vivid flashes of lightning and heavy
peals of thunder in the immediate vicin*
ity, the inquest decided that the deceass
ed came to his death by being struck with
lightning.
The deceased wai an industrious man
and a worthy citizen. He leaves a be
loved wife and two children to mourn over
this sad bereavement.
The President and Mr*. Sur
ral t.
Mr. Johnson denies that when he
signed the sentence of Mrs. Snrratt and
directed her execution, he knew that
members of the Commission had united
in recommending her to mercy. He de
clares that he knew nothing of such a
recommendation untill two weeks after
ward. This has elicited from Judge
Pierrepont aa other statement, which is
in these words :
I want no misunderstanding about
that. Ido not intend there shall be
any. That is part of the original record
which I here produced. It is in the
handwriting of ono of the members of
that Court, to wit; Geueral Ekin. The
original of that is now in his possession
and in the handwriting of Hon. Jno. A.
Bingham. When counsel called for
that record, I sent on the afterpart of
that day to Judge Advocate (ieneral
Holt, in whose possession the records
are. Me brought it to me with his
own band, and told me with hi* own
voice, in presence of the other gentle
men, that identical paper, then a part
of the record was before the President
when be signed the warrant of execu
tion, and that he had a conversation
with the President at the time on the
subject. That is my authority.
Subsequently to this, having present
ed it here, the Judge Advocate Gener
al called to receive it btck, and reitera
ted in the presence of other gentlemen
the Fame thing. This is my knowledge,
and that is my authority.
This statement of Judge Piereepoat
raises a direct question of veracity be
tween the Preaident and Judge Holt,
but it is well understood by all in officia'
circle* that the whole thing ii, on the
pari of the President, • deliberate and
malicious falsehood.
Certain Qneriea Explained.
For some time past reports were in
circulation to the effect that whiskey was
being brought into town and dealt oat in
violation of law; and, also, that whiskey
had been stolen from the stable of Mr.
Jacob Reiber, and that a barrel had been
tapped in the Store House, &c.,&c.
With regard to the first, viz: that
whiskey has been brought to the borough
aud dealt out in violation of law, there is
no denial; but, on the contrary, it is
rather confirmed by the words and actions
of persons who appear to glory in their
shame. ,
With regard to the second, —that whis
key was stolen from the stable of Jacob
Reiber, —this is true, but we have not
been informed who stole it.
In justice to the Messrs. Reibers, itia
but right to state that the barrel Mt «112
which the whisky was stolen, had been
delivered to them according to la# by
Mr. Reed, the Government Store-keeper,
and that the same had been placed in the
stable until morning. At 4 o'clock, in
the morning, Mr. Martin Reiber repaired
to the stable for the purpose of convey
ing the barrel to the purchaser, he found
that it had been tapped, and that about
seven gallons had been taken from the
barrel and leaked out.
The individual that will steal whiskey
•s pretty far gone, and has a depraved
appetite, aud has lost all sense of honor
and shame. We are authorized to say,
that the law regulating the manufacture,
storage and sale of whiskey is strictly
obeyed and enforced by all connected
with the Messrs. Reibers' establishment.
This is as it should be.
To the Clergy and CfcarelMH •€
the Ntnte or Pennnylv«ata,
DEAR BRETHREN :—At a Convention
recently held in Ilariisburg, to deliber
ate on the State of the Temperance Re l
formation, the undersigned were appoin
ted a Committee •' to prepare an address
to the Ministers and Members of tha
Churches in tho State," with a view to
secure ' their haarty co-operation in tho
movement for the removal of intemper
ance from among us."
That Convention was unprecedented
for the large number and influential char'
acter of its members, and they brought
up from every part of the State an earn
est and determined spirit wbtck surpass
ed tho expectations of the most ardent
friends of the cause.
The Convention, in a series of resolu
tions which were fully and faithfully can
vassed, defined its position in unambigu«
ous terms. Among tha vital points as
sumed, in addition to the conceded per
sonal duty of total abstinence, were the
following, to-wit :
1. That to the retail traffic in intoxi
cating liquors is " to be traced nine-tenths
of the drunkenness, pauperism, crime,
insanity and casualties of the country;"
that " a license givej freedom, apparent
morality and respectability to the traffic;"
and that it is tho right and duty of the
people, in self-defcnco, by legislation and
other suitable means, to bring such traf
fic to a nend." 2. " That the licensing of
acknowledged evils is t erong in morals
and ruinous in legislation." 3. That
righteous law is a potent instrument to
create right public sentiment, and that
bad law depraves and corrupt* public
sentiment. 4. That "we believe the
time has fully come when all efforts to
regulate the traffic, should be at once and
forever abandoned."
This is the ground on which the Tem
perance movement in this State has plan
ted itself In appealing especially to the
Clergy and the Churches, the Convention
assumes :
1. That the retail traffic in intoxica
ting drinks, aud their habitual use a; a
bevei age, is not merely a social and pub
lic evil; it is an immorality of a deep
and degrading character.
2. That the Church is not merely the
cwnservator of public morals, but should
be the leader and guide in all questions
that concern the welfare of humanity.
3. That the Clergy exeroise legitimate
ly a controlling influence in forming tlie
conscience and moulding the sentiment
of their congregations.
4. That the members of the Church
will readily and heartily respond to every
effort of their Pastors for the redemption
of tho world from the thraldom of sin.
And we may farther assume, that be-,
sides the church members, the better
portion of every community will just as
readily and zealously co-operate in every
movement which respects the welfare of
their fellow-men, but they look to the
Church to take the lead:
And farther, that in a free country
like ours, where public sentiment direct
ly controls the legislation, whenever a
public evil is to be abated by law, it is en
tirely in the hands of the people to frame
the law as they may choose.
It is not intended to ereato a new po
litical party, but it is expected that al\
good men will demand of their Repre
sentatives and Magistrates to respect
their wishes in this matter ; and that,
irrespective of party, they will, in the ex
ercise of their sovereign right as citizens,
subordinate all other considerations, be l
lieving that there is no great question of
public interest at stake at this hour, equal
in magnitude and importance to that of
the consummation of the Temperance
Reform. And this can be done with per
fect propriety by every man, without af
fecting his political relations, or the
proper maiutenauce of his opinions on
other subjects.
If now these views are correct, it brings
home the responsibility directly to the
Church, and especially to tho Clergy as
the leaders of the hosts of God's elect.
We appeal to you, therefore, as to those
who love equally the souls of men and
their temporal well-being, that you labor
in every way ; —by preaching, and lec
ture, aud private exhortation, and pledg
ing tho Sabbath School children, and tho
youth of the congregation, and by every
practicable means—to inculcate right
sentiments, to enforce right convictions,
to form the consciences of the people and
guide them to right issues. We believe
" that the time has fully come," when a
Christian State should take its stand on
Christian grounds, and that by our works
we should prove our faith that " the
kingdoms of the world shall become the
kingdom of our Lord and of his Christ,
and HE SHALL REIGN."
HERMAN M. JOHNSON, Carlisle.
11. AUDLEY BROWNE, New Castle.
T. 11. ROBINSON, Harrisburg.
ALBERT BARNES, Philadelphia.
G. M. SIiAfSMAN, York.
P. S. The clergymen to whom this
Circularjmay come, are requested to cotn
municat3 it to their congregations.
(jini. Itutlcr'N Report.
Gen. Butler's report to the Committee
of Congress in regard to the exchange of
prisoners during the war is a document
of unusual interest. We find that in
1803 the Rebels held 15,000 of our men
who were dying of cold and starvation,
while the 25,000 Rebels held by the
United States were well takeu care of.
Gen. Butler and the Secretary of War
proposed to treat tho Rebel offices in our
hands precisely as our uien were treated
in Libby. But this plan was abandoned
after consultation with General Grant.—
Gen. Butler, in December, was appointed
Commissioner of Exchange, and found
the Confederate generals anxious to ex
change, man for man, but that tho Con
federate Government refused to treat with
| Gen. Butler, on tho ground that he eom
| mantled negro troops. Notification to
that effect was seut to our Government,
which refused, of course, to admit the
right of the Confederate authorities to
outlaw our officers. Exchange.! continued
till March, 1864, when Gen. Butler had
an interview with Mr. Ould, which con
vinced him that retaliation would compel
the Rebels to abandon their refusal to ex
change colored soldiers. Tho Govern
ment, informed of these facts, referred tho
matter to Gen. Grant, who, in April, di
rected Gen. Butler to decline, until oth
erwise ordered, all further negotiations,
and shortly afterward instructed him to
consider the determination of the Rebels
to make a distinction between white and
colorod prisoners, as a refusal on their
' part to agree to further exchange. Gon.
Hutier was also instructed to reeeive all
the sick and wounded the Rebels would
give up,but to send nomoro in exchango-
In August the Rebels offered to renew
the exchange, man for man ; Gen. Grant
then telegraphed the following important
order : "It is hard on our men held in
Southern prisons not to exchange them,
but it is humauity to those left iu the
ranks ta fight our battles. Everyman
released on Jparole or othcrwiso becomes
an active soldier against us at once, eith
er directly or indirectly. If we commence
a system nj exchange which liberates all
prisoners taken, we will have to fight on
until the whole South is exterminated.—
If we hold those caught, they amount to
no more than dead men. At this partic
ulur time, to release all Rebel prisoners
North would insure Sherman's defeat,
and would compromise our safety here."
In tho meanwhile, Gen. Butler, learning
that colored prisoners were employed as
laborers by the Rebels, notified their
) Commissioner that an equal or greater
number of their men should be so em
ployed in our service, and this action was
approved by Gen. Grant. In October,
1804, Gen. Butler directed Col. Mulford
to proceed to Savannah with a fleet to
carry the Rebel siek, and bring back our
own—an exchange of about 12,000 of
our men. In November, Col. Mulford
informed General Butler that he was ae>
tained at Fortress Monroe by the want of
transportation, and that the sufferings of
our men at Savannah were fearfully in<
ereased by the delay. Gen. Butler in ra
ply ordered him to start at once, to yield
to no subordinate interference—to yield
to nothing but armed force, and not to
that if he could meet it. These are the
main facts which the report presents in
regard to the responsibility of the fail
ure to exchange prisouerx, and they will
oertaiuly command no ordinary attention
A'. Y. Tribune.
—An Irishman's friend having fallen
into a slough, the Irishman called leudly
to another for assistance. The latter,
who was busily engaged in cutting a log,
and wished to procrastinate, inquired,
''lJow deep is the gentleman in "Up
to his ankles-" "Then there is plenty
of time," said the other. "No, there's
not," rejoined the first; "I forgot to tell
you he's in head first."
Might and Hiclit.
When consciousness of power and re
spect for right co exist and cooperate in
the administration of the affairs of na
tions, they goon prosperously Domes
tic interests are protected and Justice
controls the foreign relations. The ideal
is not always, we might say not often,
realized in the "Family of Nations."—
Might too frequently takes precedence of
right in the consideration of ruling pow
ers. The great nations of Europe are at
this hour occupied with computations of
comparative strength. The nice balance
of power hax been disturbed, and ne
spontaneous adjustment of it appears
probable. Hence spring the estimates
and the speculative measurements of the
powers of the diSerent nations, both by
themselves and by each other.
The rapid development of interior
strength in Russia, accompanied by ex
terior aspirations, especially in the di
rection of the Bosphorus, is, probably,
one latent element of apprehension.—
More conspicuous, though, perhaps, not
more real, is the sudden accession of
power by Prussia—the result of such as
pirations. And the immediate ground
of apprehension is, that for mutual in
terest these may combine and by might
—right being putin abeyance—endan
ger the peace of Europe, from West to
East. Such alliance is believed in fact
to have been formed, although its imme
diate purposes are not definitely even
conjectured. The article in the Edin»
burg Review, which has attracted atten
tion and comment, refers to this supposed
liusso Prussian alliance. The following
sentence, coming from a British pen, is
remarkable, as showing at onoe how se
rious is the apprehension of danger ; and
how changed is the tone of England
towards her old and horeditary enemy.
The writer says:
"We do not conceal our opinion that
the power, and even the superiority, of
the French army, is an essential condi
tion of the liberty and independence if
Europe. France has ere this given lib
erty to others, even while she denied it
to herself; and if thufuture had in store
a military combination between tha pow
ers of the North—the forces of Germany
backed by forces of Russia—it is only by
a close and intimate alliance of Franco
with this country that the cause of
Western civilization., and perhaps the
independence of the East,can ba upheld.
No traces of past rivalry and animosity,
no apprehension of future differences,
shake our faith in the alliance of Franee
and Great Britaiu as the best security of
public law and of peace; and we there*
fore regard the efficiency of the French
army w'th an interest second only to that
which we fee! in tho efficiency of our
own forces. It cannot too often be re
peated that the peace of Europe is
threatened, if it bo threatened, not by
France, but by the changes Prussia has
made in the distribution power."
There is among the affiliated nations
of Europe, a sort of modified Statos'
rghts doctrino maintained of necessity,
denominated by them the balance of
power. The moving of the Schleswig
pebble from one scale to tho other diss
turbed tho equilibrium recently, and
fierce war ensued. To move the Venice
pebble from ono scale to the other, a lit
tle while ago, Southern Europe was con
vulsed with alarms and battles. And
even now the estimates of power are
made, irrespective of right, with refer
ence to tho transfer of other fractions of
European territory from their old mass
ters to new ones. Russia has not with
drawn her expectant eyes from the do*
main of the Sultan. Nor, probably, has
France relinq lished hopes of perfecting
her boundary towards the Rhine. These
schemes of accession and others, whoth'
erg, real or imaginary, cannot fail
to excite both interest and apprehen
sion among the great powers themselves,
as well as among those which are marked
for appropriation by might without right.
Tho success of Prussia and her subse
quent impunity and haughty bearing, at
once excite the feare of the other nations
and stimulate their ambition for similar
achievements.
For a little time after our triumph
over the rebellion, the consciousness of
power exhibited itself among us in boast
ful and even in menacing speech. It
was the natural outflow of tho occasion.
But the normal principle of respect for
right speedily asserted itself, and its
claims, as heretofore, met with a prompt
add almost universal response. For our
nation, right is the first thing to be de
cided on, and then power, ample and
suitable, will rally for its support. Pitts.
Commercial.
Penalty for Voting.
There would be no limit to the rum
pus that would be made here, if, after
an election, Republican employers, man
ufacturers, railroad superintendents and
citizens should dischargo their laborors
for voting tha Democratic ticket. Yet
we have not heard the first whisper of
Democratic indignation at the like treat
ment of laboring men in Tennessee, who
are visited with rebel vengeance because
they voted the Republican ticket.
Hence the amiable and impartial mem
bers of the party are so eager for the
chance of heaping odium of that kind
upon the Republicans, that their inge
nuity invents occassion and their fertile
imagination supplies them with facts by
the speechful. But if the proscribed
voter be a negro and not an Irishman,
and live in Tennessee and not in Penn
sylvania it is all right and lovely in
Democratic eyes.
How the Tennessee policy will work,
in tha long run, remains to be seen.
Without labor, plantations will not be
likely to pay well. It pcrpotuateg, and
increases the antipathy between the ra
ces, in the practical and natural work
ing of which the white persecutors have
no advantage over the proscribed blacks.
So that, it is but the old madness of ex
hibiting a passion that will recoil npon
themselves, or, according to the proverb,
damaging their own nose to spite their
face. The relation of employer and cm
ployed cannot be modified by color, and
in their disordered state of society theyt
must take the labor that they have or
go without. White laborers will seek
fields of toil where civil rigbta can be
enjoyed in freedom.
•Vows Items iu ,<l General Intel-'
licence.
The Supreme Court of lowa has
"endered a decisiou declaring National
Banks not taxable, as the law of the
State now stands. Judge Cole dissents
from this opinion.
The Swiss hold their elections on
Sunday for the purpose of securing the
sanctity of the ballot box, and impress
ing the voters with a due sense of the
solemnity and importance of the work
tbey are engfged in.
Prussian finances are in a very fa
vorable condition notwithstanding the
recent war. It is reported that the
forthcoming financial budget of Minis*
ter von der Heydt will show a surplus
of revenue over expenditures.
—Tho Hudson Bay Compauy pos
sesses a territory of two and a half mil
lions of square miles which is thirty
eight times as large as the State of New
York. Vanconver's Island is as big as
England, and Britti.di Columbia as big
as Spain. So says Townsend, who has
beeu taking notes among the Brittishers.
—Since the close of the testimony in
the Surratt case, a man lias arrived who
rode with Surratt on the 13th, on the
special train from Elmira to Harrisbrg,
and a third party from the interior
gives tho information that he met Sur
ratt in Washington on the 14th, and
shook hands and conversed with him.
There was a meeting in Bedford
on the 30th ult. of Temperance and
Church organizations over which, on mo
tion of Hon. John Cessna, Rev. A. W-
Djcker presided. Steps wore taken to
effect a thorough organization and for
public meetings, to be held quarterly on
the last Wednesday of October, Jan
uary, April and July.
Dispatches from an area of coun
try embracing tho principal part of tho
grain producing regions of the West and
Northwest, received within the last few
days, are uniform in their tone. Tho
wheat crop is very great, and safe. As
to corn, though somewahat backward,
the tone is very hopeful; while as tooth
er grains the promise and reality are
all that could bo desired.
Somebody in Paris has constructed
an apparatus which ilot only marks on a
dial the distance traveled by a cab, by
nieaus of an index woiked by tho rotas
tion of the wheels, but which also indi
cates the distance it would have tun at
five miles an hour during any time it
may have been kept standing after the
hiring has cemmenced. When the re
form comes into operation, all fares are
to be charged by the distance.
Workmen in a coal shaft at Bloom
ington, Illinois, last week, at the depth
of 118 feet, struck the remains of a tree
some six inches in diameter, and several
pieces wore taken out. One pieco, which
is about a foot long and two inchss in
diameter, is in a very good state of pros
preservation It was firmly embedded
in tho hard pan —so much so that a pick
had to be used to got it out, and though
not petrified, tho wood is pietty thor
oughly permeated with tho substanco
of the strata in which it had lain so
long.
lt is said the Indians on the Plains
have an ingenious way of setting fire
to houses with' their arrows. They
wrap with a rag fome powder on tho
heads of their arrows, and on the tip of
their arrow-head piace a percussion cap.
When the arrow stiikes the object to bo
fired, the cap is exploded and tho pow
der and rag ignited. The rag burns
long enough to set any combustible
with which it may come in contact on
fire.
The average an nul fall of rain for
thirty years, from 1836 to 1860, was
44,02 inches. During the first seven
months of this year the fall amounted to
36,50 inches. If, during tho succeed
ing fivo months, only an average amount
of rain should fall, tho total would bo
about 57 or 58 inches.
—Among tho members of the Legis
latureof Tennessee elected on Thurtday
of last week is Col. Wm. F. Prosser, who
resides on a farm in the immediate vicin
ity of Nashville. Col. Proaser is a na
tive of Johnstown, Cambria county, who
went to California, overland, nearly fif
toen years ago,returned after many years'
residence there and went through tho
war for the Union, closing his honored
services as Colonel of a Tennessee regi
ment. He became a Tenncsseo farmer
after tho war, and now is honored by his
neighbors by being chosen their repre
sentative in the Legislature.
—Another gold mine has been discov
ered in Madoc, Canada, which is repre
sented to be equaily as rich as tho Rich
ardson mine. There is very little news
from other sections of tho gold regions,
but tho prospects are reported as highly
promising.
—Gen. Sheridan continues to discharge
his duty. Ho has removed Judgc Dough
j erty ol tho 12th Judicial District of
Texas for refusing to obey the laws, and
the Chief of the New Orleans Police at
the request of Mayor Heath. We havo
hopes that under Sheridan's rule there
will soon be no civil officer in Louisiana
or Texas who dares to defy tho laws and
denounce the Government. That ho will
: interfere unnecessarily with the civil au
' thorities we have no foar, for thus far het
has had good cause for each of his re
movals.
—The French claim to be the politest na
tion in tbe world, but they soeui to have
curious ideas upon the subject of good breed
ing. M. Vermoul, for instance, the editor
of the Courrier Franeaii, had the misfortunQ
to publish in his paper something distaste*
ful to M. do Oassagnao, son of the editor of
the I'atju. M. do Oassagnac accordingly
follows M. Vermoul through tho street",,
spitting all over him, and tlicn publishes a
boastful account of the outrage in his fa
ther's newspaper. lie is not punished for
the assault, and we have no evidence that
even public opinion has pronounced against
him. On the other hand, ayoung student
named Casse wounded the Czar's feelings
by shouting "Vive la I'ologue t" when
tho Russian Kmperor went to tho Opera in
Paris. It was rude, certainly, but hardlf
duserve 1 the three months imprisonment
which the poor man got foar Hut then,
perhaps, an autocrat is rnoro sensitive than
an editor, and so in the French c>do of eti
quette it may be far worse to cry "Poland''
in the hearing of a Cz.ir than to spit iu tho
face of a gentleman.