VOLUME 4.
JSelect IJoctrg.
. TVTLTCHANGING.
BT ABBI£ r. rar«T.
Erer chunKlnp are thuhMowi,
Moving "Hentfy and faet,
Flitting o'er .ife'e checkered pathway
Like the visions of the pwt;
Wak'ning memories aad and tearfnl.
Memorise, too. ail clear and bright;
Thai they re changing, ever changing
From ttie morning till the night.
£>er changing is the ennlight,
' Now a gleam and then a clond;
How they ga her miety vapor*,
Wrap the rtkrth in t«?arfhl shroud.
Till the storm of life is over,
And the mists are swept away
Then the gleaming golden sunlight
Perms like dawn of endless day.
Krer changing ara our plensnrw ;
Vow we re Joyous, now we r« n,\H,
Short lived a* the morning drwdfop
Trifles th«t have wade us glad.
They who have no bope in heaven-
Father, held them lint they sink!
call, and O, r<»ceive I^**"
Kre they reach the river's brink.
Ever changing are flur eorrow*.
The. e s no life attMllled.with gloom ;
•Of» a gleain of Joy will enter
From the cradle to the tomb.
Ever changing joys and •orrowt-
May we look, O Mod. to thee !
Guide u« to that belter portion,
Heaven and immortality.
£el«t pisctllaus.
' The Whiskey Trade,
BY JANE O. SWISBIIELM.
While in Hutlei we heard the Rev.
J>lr. Dick, of Kittanning, preach a ser
inon which wag a mnning commentary
on the visit of our Saviour to the country
of the Gadarencs. The speaker said no
thing about " Prohibition," or whiskey,
i\ii« yet it occured to us that his I'iscjurse
was tits best argument in favor of a pro
hibitory law. that it has been our good
fortune to hear. He argued that, at that
period of the world's history, evil spirits
«J.id actually take possession of human
bodies; and he drew the principal proof
from the declaration of the inspired wri
ters, who say that Christ healed " all
manner of disease*, and those who were
possessed with devils, and those who
V.ere lunatic." So that possession of dev
ils was not either diseases, or lunancy, as
many argue, but something distinct *rom
»nqth. Hut the prohibition part of the
,*lisi~irursp .was in explanation of the de
sire of the legion into the swine,
and the consent of the Saviour.
Till devi's intended to drown the
swine, and known .hat if the Saviour
gave them leave to do so, the men of that
country would raise a great hue and cry
,i«bout the o'estiuction of properly; and
ihat this interference with their cash re
ceipts would make the people wholly
averse to hearing him. The result show
ed hqjv 47c1l 'they knew the human hearty
•tor although these men saw the poor de
moniac sitting "clothed and in his right
mind" through ttic boiling powor of Je
>us, yet they prayed him to "depart out
of their coast." To thein, swine was of
liiioie importance than men ; and money
of greater consideration than the mission
of rccouciliatiun. They would raihcr
have the devils with the swine, than the
Saviour without them.
•But why did the Saviour permit the
devils to this destruction ?
The country of the Gndarcnes belong*
ed to the Jews; it was contrary to the di
vine law to raise swine there. The own*
crs of these aniuials had not a just tiile
to their property. They might have been
,(ientiles. but r the Supreme Being had for
bidden the raising of swine in that coun*
try. It was therefore on uulawful occu
pation ; and the Saviour permitted its
destruction to testify His disapprobation
of thai! business.
The speaker made a most eloquent ap>.
plication of the principle in general.
\\'hqi:evc! the commands of the Sav»
iour come ip competition with the world
ly interest, the iiien of the world are ev
er to disotey them. The mass of
'tnankind to-day prefer their swine to the
Saviour, their property inteiests to the
.j-edrmption of their souls; so it had ever
been. Whenever obedience to the di
vine law appeared to imply some loss of
.worldly goods, met .were ready to beg,
the Saviour to "depart out of their
coasts.
Jt was altogether the most forcible and
right>mipded discourse we have listened
.to for years; and the arguments we had
heard used by two Democratic lawyers in
the previous week camebX'ck to our mem
ory with a peculiar force. The new Liq
' uor Law interfered with property, and so
,was unconstitutional and antidemocratic
It must be repealed because legislators
'had no business to interfere with a mau's
business,and destroy the value ot bis prop,
.erty. Property, property, was the bur>
den of their song, .and when we inquired
' how the law dared to-interfere with a
man's property in counterfeit money an 1
the machinery for making it, they turu
ed a coruei and came rjuud to where
they started, repeating parrot like, the
cry of 'property, property' There sat
one of them listening to that same ser
mon, and as we looked at bin, we saw bo
AMERICAN CITIZEN
was mifluitg the application we were, and
felt witli us that this law was obnoxious
because it interfered with the profitable,
democaatic employment of raising swine.
Not that kind ol swine which may bo
converted into brushes and light; but
great beasts, good for nothing but rolling
in the gutters, and filling dishonored
graves. What mattered it to the Whis
key League, that the poor rum-possessed
de sits clothed and in his right
mind ; that his instead of being
choked iij the sea, are metamorphosed
into men,clothed and in their right minds.
They lose a market for their swill, and
with a great noise they pray the Saviour
to depart out of their coast; to let them
alone with their pigs, and give them
peace in the swill business. No doubt
there were many in the country of the
Gadareyei who m:ide a living by prcpir
ing pig feed. They must have had
troughs and kettles, and ppps; feed on
hand, and engaged; and the Saviour
did not even give them time
their business, dispose of their fixture",
and look out for some other occupation.
He just sent the swine into the sea. snl
left them 'to rcgu'ate matters as best
they could. We can imagine we sec the
' poor keepers racing down the hill aftir
the possessed animals, calling "pig !" aud
the great consternation of the people who
depended upon this pig-trade for a living!
but there is no evidence that Christ
showed them any compassion. lie ap
peared to at upon the principle that a
man who cannot live without injury to his
neighbor, if any such there be, has no
right to live ai all; and that the redemp
tion of one man from (he power of evil
spirits was a matter of far import
ance than all the varied interests cotinec
ied with the swine trade of the Gadarenes
One feature of the ease the preacher
did not touch upon, for be limited him
self to the ordinary leqj;th of sermons
forgetting that a sermon can afford to be
long when the preacher has a good sub
ject and understands it. It is seldom my
preacher should preach more than one
hour, and few should get beyond thirty
minutes ; but Sir. Dick, on the evening
we speak of, should have talked two hours
if he could have done so without injury
to his health.
Que of his subject we should like
to have heard him discuss, and this is,
the effect of the swine trade upon the iu
hiibilants of (i ndart'iie. A large portion
of thcui were Jews, who were forbidden
by tha divine laws to u?e swine's flesh.
This lnw. we llsit.k, was founded in the
law of nature, and this food was forbid
den not ouly ceremonially to the Jews,
but because it was and is injurious.—
Those who raised it and placed it in
market, were holding out a temptation to
others to break the divine law by using
it. As it was wrong for people to eat
swine's flesh, it was wrong to raise it and
offer it tor use. The law of God forbade
ihc eating of it ; and raising it was per
consequence unlawful. At liast this is
our view of the case. We caunot re
call any injunction of tho Mosaic law
against raising swine, and as the Saviour's
deed unmistakably stamps the business
as unlawful it followt that it was so be
cause of its inducing the use cf an ar
ticle of food injurious and unlawful.—
This view explodes all the sophistry of
the rumtrade about not compelling any
man to drink. It is not likely the swine
merchant of Judca compelled any body
to eat ham , but they offered the tcmpta
tion; and Jesus destroyed their stock in
trade to show that the trade was unlawful.
We wish the swine merchants of to
day, the venders of swill, would take a
look at themselves in the glass of truth
as it is held up by the apostle in the his
tory of the poor demoniac of the totntis
by the Sea of Tiberius.
MRS. PARTINGTON ON FASHION.—
There is one thing sure, said Mrs. Par
tingtuo, the females ol the present re
generation are a heap more independent
than they used to be. Why I saw a gal
go by today that I know belongs to the
historical class of society, with her dres»
ill tucked up to her knee, ber hair ail
buzzlcd up iike as if she hadn't tiuie to
comb i' for a week, and one of her grind
mother's caps, in an awful crumpled con
dition, on her head. Why, laws, honey,
wj.en I was a gal, if any of the fellows
came along when I had my clothes tucked
up that way, and my head kivered with
an old wfiite rag, I would run for dear
life, and bide ouf of sight. Well,-well,
the gals tlien were innocent, unuoufisca
ted creatures ; uow they are what the
French call " blazes "
—Said n gentle', an on pvestiuting a
lace collar to Ilia id ilitrada, 'l)o not jet
any one else rumple it." '-No, dear, I*ll
take it off," retorted tbe naughty beauty.
"Lei us have Fafth that Right makes Might; and in that Faith let us, to tbe end,dare to do our duty as we understand it"—A. Lntoour
BUTLER, BUTLER COUNTY, PA., WEDNESDAY, JANUARY 9, 18G7.
tfrtncatioual.
(From ttie Pennsylvania School Joui ual.)
Soldiers' Orphan School.
(CONTINUED.)
Programme of Ntitdies and I>c
~ (ails. »•
In order to enable this programme to
be punctually and successfully put into
operation, the following rules are to be
observed:
2st. That the school be divided in.o
four general Divisions, each consisting of
two sub divisions or classes, and these as
far as practicable ol an equal number aud
grade of pupils.
2nd. That each pupil be furnishcq with
all necessary Books, Slates, Paper, Pens,
luk, Pencils, &c.
3rd. That every pupil be in his or her
seat at the opening exercises of the
school, and a'so at the close, unless ab<
sent at the close on detail for work, in
regular turn.
4th. That a full half hour be devoted
to each recitation.
Programm«---Morntng Session.
OP'G Kxift'a IST HALF HOIK 2ND j 3RD | 4TH
15 min ,'W min. 30 min. ;3«J min 80 niln.
7 45-I*. 8-8.80, 8.30-9. ! jMLJU. V.30-10.
1 Oivis.o*.
A.Claae, Work, j Work, Work, | Work,
B. Class, Work, j Work, Work,
2 DtTisiok. |
Unite, Slll.lv, Itcrlta, **'»!'«
C.CIKM, Ment. Arith. Spoil. ;Sp<-U. tJ " r •,
D. Class, | Stndjr, [Recite, j Writing,
Ment. Arith. Mrnt. Kxeicise
3 Division. | j .....
Recite, Study, Recite. , K
E Class. Read |W Arith W.Ariti I *® l
F. Class, 1 Study, Recite, Wilting, R , tclt *'
Read. 1 Road. Exercise l ' L *
4 DIVISION.
Recite, Recite, Wrlti'a
0. Cla.se, Obj. Less. : Reno! Head. Kxer'e,
11. Class, Stn<lv, Recite, Writing. 'Recite,
| Read. ißead. j Exercise don't L
Morning Session-Continued*
lUCCEBS. ftiH 6TH. j 7th
TTmin. 30 miiT ! 30 min. .'kTniTnT
. Recite, j Writing, Recite.
A.IIMII, it Spell. Read. Exercise, | Mental.
B \ Study. ; Recite, 'Writi-g,
' ... Spell. Read IS.or R. ; Exercise
2 DIVISION.
C. Claw " Work, Work, Work,
D. Class, .
Work, | Work, Work,
I
3 DIVISION. „ . „ , A
Recite. Ftudy. Recite,
E. Class, »« Obj. Lesson. Spell. Spell.
F.UJM. Study,
W Aritb. W. Aiith Spell.
•D""." ~c lt„ Study, Recite,
0. Class, " ۥ unt. Lent. s '" ! ' l .-re'l
- Stn«ly, S' ci f 0 ' Study,
Spell. | "I™"- H« ,J -
Noox— RECK.«S 75 min. 11 45-1.
Programme—Afernoon Session.
M. % HQgw. J 2XD. | 3wn. [ 4i it
SO min. 20 minti «*e 30 minutes. . 30 minute*.
1-1,30. 1.30-2. 2-2.3 Q. I 2-30-3.
Study. Recite, Study, R?citn,
W. Arith. W Arith Geo. or Hint G/ap. Pr llist
I
Recite, , Study. Recite. |Stndy,
Ment. Arith. W. Arith. W. Arith . Geo, or llist.
Recite, 'Stndy, Recite, [Study,
Read. jUeo. or Hist. Geo. or llist. W. Arith.
B'udy, Recite, : Stndy, ! Recite.
Geo.* Gen. W. Arith. W.Ar.th.
Work, Work, Work. (Work,
j I
Work, Work. Work, Work,
|
Study, Recite. Study, Recite.
Read. Head. IW. Arith. W. Arith.
Recite, Btudy, Recite, 'Study,
Obj. Less. Spell 'Spell. iDrawiufc, Ac.
Afternoon Session- -Continued.
Rr.cssa. 6TH. 6TH. j 7T«.
15 nun. ;i0 minutes. 30 minutes. 30 miunt»-a.
3-1 15. 315-346. 345-1 15. 4 16-1 45.
Study. Recite, Jstudy.
" Gr. or Comj> G. op C. !Si>e*l or Read.
Recite, Study. ! Recite.
Geo or Hi*t.|G.or C. Gram «>r Comp.
Rerite, Study, j Recite,
M W. Arith. R. or C. Obj. Lees, or C.
'Study, Recite, | Study,
Study, jßecite Study,
" Ment or C. ;M «rO. Road.
Recite, • Stndy, Recite,
j Spell. |T. JTCJ. |Tables or Comp.
ji * |
M Work. \V>.k, Work.
• Work, |Work, i 'work.
On Wednesday afternoon the A, I) and
E classes will write compositions during
he first half hour aflgf Recess ; and the
K, C and F classes will Tiave a similar
exercise during the second .half hour af
ter recess. These compositions will be
examined and errors marked by the class
eximmar the^ succeeding "half hours.—
The Principal Teacher shall give such
aid and instruction, in the preparation of
these exorcises as will make them pleas
ant and profitable instead of irksome.
On Friday the A, K and I) classes will
receive a lesson on objects, at the time
allotted for the recitation of Mental
Arithmetic. The remaining classes will
eaeli have a le.-son on objects once a week,
on FrijWy, at'the periods designated in
the prugi amine. Ou the other of
the w<.ek this period cf time is to be de»
voted to orthographical exercises, reviews
of prejioty lessons. &c. -' f
V'; •' _ ;
This Programme of Studies provides
for eight hours of exerciser in the school
room every week.day except Saturday ;
but inasmuch as »ach pupil in the school
will be detailed for work,.in regular turn,
during tw6 of those hours and have half
an hour of intermissions, there will re
main only five hours to each pupil for,
study and instruction, —each recitation
being preceded by ample time to prepare
the lesson by study, under the supervis
ion and aid which this system contem
plates. It is Relieved that this provision
for intellectual training is quite sufficient,
and that with proper care, skill and faith
fulness on the part of the teachers and
industry, patience and obedience on that
of the pupils, the schools may soon be
made to show results alike creditable to
themselves and honorable to the State
Order, Koalnefta nnd Work.
GENERAL PRINCIPLES.
I. Concurrently with the improvement
of the mind and the elevation of the
moral nature, the comfort, health and ef
ficiency of the body for the purposes of
life, are to be slfendet} to acd promoted
by all proper thearifc.
It. Comfor' and health being depend
ent, as far as be effected by human
means, on proper food, clothing, cleunli.
oess. air, exercise and relaxat : on, —these
are to be secured not only by a sufficiency
of eat-.h, but their full enjoyment must
be promoted by regular inspectiou and
constant supervision.
111. Labor, being essentjul to health
and happiness, is also to be such a por
tion of the life of t)iede children, as on
the one baud, not to interfere with their
intellectual or mo p al development, while,
on the other, it shall be of such kinds as
shall fit them for those domestic and so*
cial duties v>)iich all, no matter of what
calling or profession, should le able to
discharge for themselves.
IV This labor fs to be performed so
as, at the same time to be instructive to
the pupils and beneficial to the school,
and must therefore always to be executed
under proper instruction and supervision.
Hence, 1
V. There must be, in each of the
schools, a sufficient force of employees to
supervise aud djrcct the pupils in all mat
ters of order, ticatncss and work.
VI There will be, in addition to the
Principal or proprietor e! the school and
his wife,- from whoso kind aud intelli.
gent supervision much is expected,—
A slatron with a male assistaut.
A Farmer, who shall also be Gardener
and tbe master of boys' work.
A Nurse.
Two Uooks, one of whom shall bake.
Two Laundresses.
One Chambermaid.
Oue Eating-room girl
(TFT BE CONTINUED.)
GOD IN O«R MIDST.— It is comforting
to think we have a God over our heads,
to look af;er us and rule us. Alas ! what
could we make of ourselves, if left to our
own shift ? It is more comforting that
we can call this God qjir own God, and
call flim more our own than we can call
houses or laud, or Aught that we have,
our own. The fulness of the Deity, and
a proper!} in the same, is very satisfy*
ing ; and the more so, "that no man can
take this joy from us." Hut that this
fulness of the Deity for our inorc case
and familiar participat'on of the samc |
should dwell bodily in a crca'ed nature,
and partieuiaily in ours; this gives all
satisfaction possible, that poor, necessii
tous creatures can want or desire. An
absolute God could not anawer our exi
gencies ; His majeaty would astouish, aud
his justice terrify, our guilty and mis
giving minds. • Hut a God dwelling in
the human nature, and there exhibiting
all the divine glory for our contempla
tion, and all the fulness of the Spirit for
our vivification and consolation, this rais
es.soul to the highest pitch of humble
confidence, admiration and joy.—[6Vair«
Jotd.
A GOOD (.HABACTER. —A goou char,
cater is to a young man wha*. a firm found
ation is to the artist who proposes to erectj
a substantial building upon it. lie can
well build with safety, and all who be*
hold it will have confidence in its solid*
ity—a helping ha&d will never be want
iog; but let a Single part of this be de
fective, and you go at hazard, douh'iog
and distrusting, and ten t* one it will
tumble down at ininirle ali that
was built on it in ruins: ' a good
character poverty is a curse; with it,
scarcely an evil. Happiness cannot ex
ist where good character i3 not. All that
is bright in the hope ot""youth, and that
is calm and blissful ia the sober scenes
of life, all that is southing in the vale of
years centers in and is derived from a
good character, ihereft re acquire this
as tie first and most v&luablo good. I
farmers jfjmrtttmi.
Patent Office Report, 1856.
Calcareous Manures.
B1 CARBONATE OF LIME.
(Continued.)
As tbe £re enters the kiln at some dis.
tanee from the bottom and as the flame
rises as soon it into this cavity,
the lower part of the kiln (that below
the level of (he fire»place) is occupied by
lime already burned ; and as this lime is
intensely hot, when, on a portion of lime
being removed from below, it descends
into this part of the kilu, and as the ai.-
in the kiln, to which it communicates its
heat, muit riste upward in oonsequencd
of its being heated, irod paae'off through
the opening-at the top of the kiln, this
lime in cooling, by this contrivance, is
mado to assist in heating the fresh por
tion of cold limestone with which the
kiln is charged. To facilitate this com
munication of heat from the red hot lime
just burned to the limestone above; fu tbe
u pp«r part of the kiln, a gentle draft of
air through the kiln, from the bottom to
the top of it, must be es.ablished, which
is done by leaving an opening in the
door below, by which the cold air froYn
without may be suffered to enter the kiln.
This opening (which should be furnish
ed wilh a register of some kiud or oilier)
mu«t be very small; otherwise, it will
occasion too strong a draft of cold air iu
to the kiln, and do more harm than good;
and it will probably be found to be best
to close it entirely, after the lime in the
lower part of the kiln has parted with a
certain proportion of its heat.
The preceding description gives a gcn»
oral idest of the manner in which thi s
kiln is made to operate while iu tlio act
of calciuation. The height of the kiln
is 15 feet, its internal diuiuetcr below, 2
feet, and above, 9 inches. In order more
effectually to confine the heat, its walls,
which are of bricks and very thin, are
double, aud the cavity between them is
filled with dry wcod asho-j. To give great
er strength to the fabric, these two walls
are eounccted in d t Terent places by hori
zontal layers of bricks which unite them
firmly.
The following is a description of anoths
cr kiln of approved construction, suita
ble for burning lime with eoal, or other
dry, smofcehss fuel. It is supposed to be
built at the side of a bank or cliff, of a
ciseular form within, 32 feet high from
the iron grating over the pits, 3 feet in
diameter at the top, and 7 feet across,
near the middle, at a IS feet above
the grating. The walls are designed t&
be built of stone, from 3 to 6 feet thick,
and lined with bricks. Below tho shift
or hollow of the kiln, are tvfo arches or
pits, each 3 f;et wide and 3 Icet high, di
vided by a partition wall, 18 inches thick,
extending up the shaft 1-y fuct. About
18 inches from each arch, or pit, is an
oven, say 2} feet square, where coal is
used for fuel, and somewhat deeper,
where wood is employed, communicating
with the shafts t>y narrow flues. Uelow
the shafts, are two movable iron grates
for dragging out the lime after it is
burned. The ovens, as well as tho arches
under tho shaft, are provided w.ith iron
doars, which are to be closed whenever it
is desired to stop the draft. An iron cap,
or covtfr, is also provided to be placed
over the top of the kiln, to prevent the
escape of mnrc heat than is necessary to
keep up thf combustion of the fuel.—
This cap is also furnished with a damper,
or valve, for tcgulating tho draft.
In a kiln like this, it is obvious that
the limestone can be well burned, with a
comparatively small amount of fuel, in
winter as well as in summer, and that tjie
farmer or others can be supplied with
lime, at any time, without extinguishing
the fire. All this is necosviry to be done
ft, to supply tho broken limestone, and
Flie fuel at the top of tho kiln, and rake
out the burned lime through the iron
grate, or opening at tho bottom, as fast
as occasion may rcquiro. In case it may
bo necessary to check the burning for a
time, nothing more need be done than to
close the iron doors ut ihe bottom of the
kiln, and the cover, (Vr capj at the top,
when the fire may be koj.t alive for four
or five d:.j.«.
n hen the kiln is to be filled, the lime,
stone should be broken into pie<S%s about
Mie size of a man's fist, and laid in alter
nate layerit with the coal, usually in the
proportion of three ofthe former to one
of the latter; but as limestones vary
much in their character, the proper quan
tity of fuel can only be regulated by
trial. The eoal should not be plated near
er the lining of the kiln «han 8 or 0 inch
es, in order that the bricks may not melt
uor burn.
When newly-burned lime is taken from
the kiln, it has a strong tendeuey to
"driuk io ' and combine with water. —
Hence, when exposed to the atmosphere,
or core cd ovcx with sodfi in a shallow
pit, it slpwly absorbs moisture from the
air, without developing much heat, in
creases in weight, swells, ai d gradually
Calls to powder. In this case, it is said
to be air-slaehed, or spontaneously slack
til. IB rich limes, the increase of bulk
may be from 3 to 3J times; but iu the
poorer varieties, or such as contaia much
foreign matter, the increase may be less
than twice their bulk.
If water be sprinkled or thrown upon
the-kimi of lime namcdjabove, or if it be
immersed in watk'r for a short time, and
then withdrawn, it absorb; tha water, be
comes hot, crack- 1 , swells, throws off much
Watery vapor, and 'alls dowu in a short
time to a biilky, more or less white, and
almost impalpable powder. When the
thirsty lime has thus fallen, it is said to
be slacked, or quenched. If more water
be added, it is no longer ' drunk in," but
forms with the lime a paste, and, if sharp
snnd be added, a mnrlar is formed. In
slacking, the wafer combines chomically
with the lime; 3 pounds Of which, when
pure, take up a pound of .water, and give
4 pounds of pulverulent, slaked lime.—
The more "and complete the oper
ation of slacking,the finer the powder of
the lime will be. r.nd consequently the
more equally it may be incorporated with
the soil. Eitlier excess or deficiency of
water interferes with the uniform slack
ing. 1 licsc effects are more or less rapid"
ana striking, according.to the quality of
the lime, and the time that has teen al
owel to elapse after the burning, beforo
the water was nppl'rcd. All lime becomes
difficult to slake when it has been for a
long time exposed to.the air. When the
slacking is rapid,as in the rich limes, the
heat produced is sufficient to kindle gun
powder strewn npon it, and the "increase
of bulk as beioie stated is frotn 2 to 3 i
times. It the water be thrown on so
rjpidly or iiiifuch quantity as to chill the
jime or any part of it.the powder will
he gritty, will contain many little lump-,
which refuse to slack, and will also be
less bulky and less minutely divided, and
therefore less fitted either for agricultural
al or building purposes.
It may be received as a general rule,
however, that the best moJo of slacking
lime for agricultural purposes, is that
which gives it the greatest, and reduees
it to the most minute state of division.—
For the followipg reasons,the spontaneous
method is preferred by many, as it is
thought to> be more economical and has
a better effect < n tho crops to which it is
applied. First, it causes the lime to fall
to the finest powder; and secondly, it is
the least expensive, requiring lets 'Car e
and attention, and exposes the lime least
to become "chilled'' and gritty; but when
thus left to itself, it should be laid up in
heaps, covered with sods, .and allowed to
remain a sufficient time to slack, in order
to i the surface of the heaps from
being chilled, or the whole converted in
to mortar by large or continued falls of
rain : also to exclude the too free access
of the air, which gradually brings back
the lime to a half state of carbonate.—
lleuce, the may be laid up in heaps
in the field in the winter, covered, with
sods, and left until it has completely fal
len, or until lie time is convenient for
layiug it upon the land, in spring or sum
mer, when preparing for the ensuing
crops.
(TO BE CONTINUED.)
CUTTING NOTES AND BANK-BILLS IN
Two.— A subscriber asks : u ls it agaiDst
the law to cut a note in two parts, and
send one half one mail and the other
the next; so as to guard against thieving
on the way." This practice is very com
mon in England, where the notes are ar
ranged to encourage it, the numbers and
letters being duplicated on the opposite
sides, and probably also the laws, or de
cisions of tRe courts, make it easy to dol
led on one half if the other is lost. This
custom does not prevail in this couutry
and it would be hard to collect ou half a
note.— American Agriculturist.
—There are a multitude of people
who destroy themselves through ir
resolution. They are eternally tell
ing about what they mean to do, but
they never do it.
—''Wherein tho iiastinquired a
t.utor, one day, 01. a <vt*y little pupil.—
' ; \\ here the morning comes from,"was
the prompt aud pleasant answer.
iiismark handles his cards queerly;
h« plays the donee with kings.
A (Jogma is defined as an opinion
laid down with a snarl v
—ln Spain tho art of adulterating
food is 1 carried to perfection lfuttc in
that favorite latitude is composed of tal
low, remnants of cheese, the juice of tha
jxtals of marigold and raw potatoes scrap
ed and reduced to pulp. • '.fbis dcliejous
expound is made into catess and out
wardly provided with a layer of the gen
uine article.
NUMBER 5.
- L"5"5553!»«|
ON SKATING AND WINTER—"Grii,
who is evidently a brick, writes as
lollows to the Cincinnati Times Wie
commend the item t* all skaters and
everybody else who can enjoy a
laugh:
MV inter is the coldest season the of
year, because it comes in the winter,
mostly. In some countrks winter
comes in the summer, and then it is
very pleasant. I wish winter cttma
in summer in this c'duntry, which is
the best Government that the sun
ever shoneS upon. Then we could
go skat'ng barefoot and slide down<
hill• in linen trowsers. We couli
snowball without our fingers getting
cold— and men who go out sleighrid
mg wouldn't have to stop at every
tavern, to", warm, as they do now.
It snows more in the winter than it
does at any other season of the year,
I his is because so many cutters an 4
sleighs aie made then.
"Ice grows much }better in winter
than in summer which was an inco
herence before the discovery of ico
houses. Water that is left out of
doors is apt to freeze at this seasosf
Some folks take in their wells' arid
cisterns on a cold night and keep"
them thfe fire, so they don't freeze.
"Skating is great fun in the win
ter. The bojs get their skates on
when the river is frozen over and
race, play tag, break through tlirf'
ice and get wet all over;(they get
drowned sometimes and are brought
home all dripping, which makes their
mothers scold, getting water all over
the carpet in the front ri on,) fall
and brenk their head?, and . njoy
themselves in many other ways. • A
wicked boy once stole my skates and
ran off with them, and I coulJi't
catch him. Mother said, 'i e-/er
mind, judgement, will overtake him.*
"Well, if judgement does, julge
ment Will have to be pretty lively on
his legf, for that boy runs bullyi
"There ain't much slei£h*»riding
except in the winter. Folks v don't
seem to caro about it in warm weeth*
er. brown up boys and girls like to
go sl.'ighsridig. The boys generally
drive with one hand and help the
girls to hold their muffs with the
other. l?rothcr Bob let me go along
a little way once when ho took Celia
Ann Crane out sleigh-riding, and I
thought he paid more attention to
holding ihe muff than he did holding
the horses.
"Snowballing is another winter
sport. I have snow-balled in tho
summer, but wo used stones and
hard apples. It isn't so amusing a$
it is in the winter, somehow."
TEMPER UNDER COHTROL. —It is
one of the rich rewards of self mas
tery, that the very occurrences which
fret the temper of an irritable peraon,
bring relief and satisfaction to him
who rules his spirit. The following
anecdote of Wilberforce is in pointy
A friend told me that be found him
once in the greatest agitation look
ing for a dispatch he had mislaid—-
one of the royal family was waiting
for it—he had delayed the
till the last moment—he seemed at
last quite vexed and flur.ied. At
this unlucky instance a disturbance
in the nursery overhead occurred.
My friend who was with him, said,
to himself, "Now for once, WiU
berforce's temper will give way."
He hardly thought thus, when Wil
berforce turned to him and said,"
What a blessing it is to have ,t#ese
dear children ! Only think what*a re*'
lief, amidst other hurries, to hear
their voices and know they are
welf!"
—A bet was once made in London,
that by a single question proposed to
an Englishman, a Scotchman .a-nd an
Irishman, a characteristic reply
would be elicited from each of the'at.
Three representative loborers were
accordingly called in, and separately
asked: "What will you take and rui)
round Russell Square stripped to tho
shirt?" While the Englishman un
hesitatiegJy answered, "A pint 6fpor
ter,." the humerous response ef the
Irishman tfas, 'A mighty great c»wld!
The man of the North however, in*
stead of condescending upon any
definite "cousideration," cautionsfy
replied, with an eye to a good bar
gain; "What will your honor gi'e
me?" t
The man who gave the infDrmation
which led to the arrest of John Ii„
'Strratt is a French Canadian, named
St. Marie. lie was formerly a.
Union soldier, and s>erved in tho
Papal Zouaves. Both he and 3ur
ratt werejn love with the same ladjf
in Washington, and S . Marie be
trayed Surratt through jealously.
PUNISH SI ENT I* SCHOOLS. —The miveisant
in l«»ur of abolishing c rp<rnl paninbiMnt
in the publia rrhooK nppenrii 10 b«consinj(
general. Fr< m flo-t n, where * rery re*-
pectuble meeting denounced the practuiS t>y
resolution, it has gone to Jicw York and Bd»
Hca'i rs thera have just oiderod it> abortion
in all female an 1 primary ?chool« *nd di
recting how itihouli be administered in the
other school*. ,