VOLUME 2.
Seventh Annual Fair
OF THE
Butler County Agricultural Society.
To beheld 111 liITI.KH. on
October 4tb, sth and 6th, 1865.
.The Entry Books will be epened on the
18th day of September, and continue
open until the evening ot the 4th day ol
at which time they will positively
\ie closed.
Admission to the Grounds.
Admission to the Grounds to be as
follows, to wit:
MRMLTORAHLPIOKL CNIUPITLTORN FOR PRF
nlumi 1
SI"Kl« Aclinllnlon
CLLILDRCU UMLER H) YEAR* OLD LO
I'llEUll JI LINT.
CLASS A. — Grain Clover, ctV.
Best 2 acres or more of white wheat 84 00
Second best " " " 200
best 3 acres or more of rod wheat, 200
second best '• " " 100
best 2 acres or more of niedt. wheat, 2 00
second best " " " . 100
best 2 acres or more of rye 2 00
second best
best 2 aeres or more of corn, 2 00
second " " " 100
best 2 acres or more of oats,
second best " " 100
best 2 acres or more of barley 2 00
second best " " 1 00
best 2 acres or more of buckwheat, 200
second best " " " 100
best 2 aere3 or more of hay 2 00
second best' " '' " 1 00
best 2 acres or inoro of clover 2 00
second best " " " 100
best } acres of potatoes,
second best " 1 00
best -J acre of broom corn, 1 00
best i acie of flaxseed,
best J acre of beans,
best | acre of onions, 1 00
Milton Maxwell, Centre Tp., Henry j
Buhl, I'orword, Tp., Abner Bartley Peun. j
The following are the rules under which
competitors for premiums in the above
class must be governed :
Ist To have the grouuds accurately
measured by not less than two disinteres
ted persons, whoso statements must be
verified by affidavit. A statement of the
kind and Condition of the soil, the variety
and quality of the seed planted or sown,
and the mode and expense of cultivation
must he presented in writing before a pre.
tniiiin will he awarded.
2d. The whole amount of roots, grain
or grass produced ou the amount of land
specified, must be measured or weighed ;
root crops divested of their tops and osti
mated by their weight—sixty pounds to
be considered a bushel—and gram crops
to be weighed or measured according to
the usual standard.
CLASS B—Seeds, Vegetables, Fruits
anil Flowers.
' Best bushel of white wheat, 8100
tseeond best " Jl 50
best bushel of red wheat, 1 00
second best " " *H)
best bushel of mediterranean wheat, 1 00
second best " " 50
best bushel of corn in the ear, 50
best bushel of oats. 50
best bushel of buckwheat, ;>0
best bushel of barley, 50
best bushel of flaxseed, 50
best bushel of timothy seed, ;>0
best bushel of kohl rabbi, 50
best bushel of stowell evergreen, 50
best bushel of castor beans 50
best bushel of"snw beans, 50
best bushel of millet seed, 50
best bushel of hungarian grass seed, 50
best bushel of potatoes, 50
best bushel of onions, 50
best bushel of turnips, 50
best bushel of rutabaga turnips, 50
best bushel of tomatoes, 50
best bushol of parsnips, 50
best bushel of carrots, 50
best bushel of beets, 50
best bushel of sweet potatoos, 50
best bushel of summer apples, 50
best bushel of blue stem wheat 1 00
best bushel of winter apples, * 50
best bushel of pears, 50
best bushel of apples of any kind, 50
best bushel of peaches, 50
best bushel of quinces, 50
best half dozen of cabbage heads, 50
best half dozen of common pumkins, 50
bent half dozen sweet '• 50
best half dozen of squashes, 50
best specimen of grapes, 50
dest display, variety and quality of
, flowers, 1 00
best floral display of living plants. 100
best floral ornaments, 50
best pair of boqu-.ts, 50
best aranged basket of flowers, 50
best display of cucumbers, 50
best display of radishes, 50
best display and greatest variety of
apples, 1 00
best water mellons, 50
best musk " ftO
best citrons 50
Hon. Thomas Stevenson, Slipperyrock,
Jat. Mitchell, Suunn'rt, Jas. Norris Clin
ton
GJL Aif ,8 C—Stallions, Ttrotters <Scc,
BestbWoited Sttllion over 4 yr's 81500
2d best " >l 10 00
best " 3 years 5 00
2d best " " 2 00
best - I .' " 2 years 300
(•est /'omtnoa
best " " 4 years 5 00
best '» ." 3 years 300
, beit, <• ,« 2 yeais 200
beet draught 4? 4 years 500
3d best 41 ** "2 00
b«»t trotting stallion of my 4 00
AMERICAN CITIZEN.
best racking or pacing stallion of any
ago ' 400
hest and fastest trotting horse or m
mare. 4 00
second " * " " 200
best and fastest rackug or pacing
hcrse or uiare, 10 00
second best " " " 5 00
D. 11. Kennedy, Muddyorcok. Thomas
Moore Slipperyrock, Lewis Reed Zelieuo
plfl.
Class I).—Horses Mares Colts & Mules.
Hest pair heavy djangh horses or
mares, 85 00
2d best " " " 2 00
best pair light draught horses or
mares, - 400
2d best " " 2 00
best pair matched carriage horses or
mares 4 00
2d best " " 2 00
best pair matched carriage mules, 300
best single buggy horse or mare, 200
2d best u " 41 . 100
best saddle horse or man - 200
2d best " " ' I 00
best brood mare -vyith cc t, 5 00
2d best " " " 2 00
best gelding,
2d best " " '2 00
best three year old horse, , 500
2d best " - " 300
best three year old mare 5 00
best horse colt 2 years old
2d best " "
best horse colt 1 year old,
2d best " " 2 1)0
best horse oolt, (spring,) 2 00
best mare colt 2 years old, 4 00
2d best 2 00
best mare colt 1 year old,
2d best " " 2 00
best mare colt, spring, 2 00
best jack 2
2d best 2 09
best genet. 2 00
2d host " 1
best pair of mules over 3 years old, 3 00
2d best •' 1 00
best mule colt, spring, 1 00
John K. Kennedy, Prospect, John
Douthctt, Peon, Henry Kohluiaycr.
Class K—Blooded anil (/rude Cattle.
Hest durham bull 3 years old, 85 00
2d best " " 8 00
best durham bull 2 years olJ> 4 00
2d beat- " . 2 00
best durham bull 1 year old, 3 00
2d hst " " , 200
best durham bull calf,
2d best " " 1 00
hest. Durham cow •"> years old, 5 < ! 0
2d best " " 3 uJ
best durham cow 2 yea: 4 "O
best durham Cow 1 yeai ol i,
2d best " " - :, 0
best durham heifer call, 1,1
Coulter McCaudlo'S, 1 c'lti. V. Jliam
Lindscy. Suiunit. Win. I ; ' ! - or.
Class F. Xutire rattle A- 'en.
Hest native bull 3 years old, •> 00
2d best " " 2 00
hist native bull 2 years old, 2 50
2d best •' " ' 50
best native bull 1 year old, - 00
2d best " " 1 00
best native bull calf, 1 00
best native now 3 years old, il o'~>
2d best, " " 20Q
best native cow 2 years old, 2 (lit
2d best " ,l 1 00
best native oow 1 year old, 1 50
2d best " " 1 00
best native heifer calf, 1 00
best yoke of oxen 4 years old, 4 00
2d best " " 2 00
best yoke of oxen 3 years old, 3 00
2d best " " 1 ; '0
host yoke of oxen 2 years old, 2 00
2d best " " 1 00
largest aud best train of oxen, over 4
years old, from any one town
ship, not less than 12 pairs
hitched, 15 00
Samuel Marshal Adams, i hos, Mc-
Noes, Worth ; Robert Gillclaud, Summit.
Class G.—Sheep and 1 Ynol.
Best Spanish merino bnek, 85 00
2d best " " " 2 00
best saxon buck, 3 00
2d best" " " 1 50
best french merino buck, 3 00
2d best" " " 1 ; >0
best leicester buck, 2 00
best southdown buck, 2 00
best common buck,
best 3 Spanish luariflo ewes, ;> 00
best 3 kuxou ewes, 3 00
Id best" " '' 1 50
2d best " " " 2 00
best 3 french merino ewes, 3 00
2d best " " 1 50
best 3 leicester ewes, 2 00
best 3 southdown ewes, • 2 00
best 3 common ewes, 2 00
best 3 Spanish buck lambs, ;> 00
best 3 saxon buck lambs, 2 00
hest 3 french buev lambs. 2 00
best 3 Spanish ewe lamlis, 5 00
best 3 saxon ewe laujlm. . 200
best 3 french ewe latubs, 2 00
best 3 fle*es of wool, t 00
8. O. Meals, Washington ; 1> Marshall
Prospect; Daniel ConVerry, Oaklfti.'d.
CLASS li—
boar over 2 year it,
2d do - 4 * •" -•
best bfl*r pi# frum to ) '» '"'- u
el l,
2d best 11 ti '
best and fattest ban .tf . 2
2d best " " ' • y
best brood sow, ' '■>"
2p best "• " 2 0"
best litter of pigs not leff, ttun '■> -i tHI
2d best " : " I W
Milton Maxwell. Butler; George K- i
ber, Butler, Andrew Alber, ire.
"Let us have Faith that Right makes Might; and in that Faith let us, to the end,dare to do our as we understand it"—A. LINCOLN
BUTLER, BUTLER COUNTY, PA., WEDNESDAY, OCTOBER 4, 1865.
CLA S3 J.— Foultry and Dairy Products
Best pair of turkeys, 50
do pair of ducks, do
do pair of geese, do
do pair of black Spanish chickens, do
do pair of brama postra chickens, .do
do pair of cross breed chickens, do
do pair cochin china chickens, do
do pair dork ins; chickens, do
do' pair shangliia chickens, do
do do bantam chickens, do
do pair poland chickens, do
do pair game chickens, do
do pair sprucy chickens, do
do 5 pounds of butter, - 81 00
second best 5 pounds of butter 50
best 5 pounds of honey, do
do 5 pounds ot maple sugcr, do
do 10 lbs of bread, do
do .'! loaves of bread, do
do cheese, not less than 10 pounds, do
do galion of apple butter, do
do gallon of peach butter, do
do quart of sugar can niolassos, do
do quart of maple uiolassas, do
do six bottles of-tomatoes, do
do scap or palace of bees, 1 00
do exhibit il kinks of pickels, 5 00
do exhibit of preserved friut, do
do cured haul and manner of curing do
do lot of light cakes, 25
do pound cake. 25
is.i!(C liiley, O tkland, John Q. A. Ken
nedy, l'cno, Dr. J. McMicbael, Millers
town.
CLASS K.— Agricultural Imnlkinentt.
Best harrow, 82 00
best fanning mill, do
best corn sheller, do
best horse rake, do
best corn cultivator, 1 00
best grain cradle, 2 00
best \ dozen hay or manure forks, do
best reaping and mowing machine, il 00
best threshing & cleaning machine, 500
best threshing machine, 5 00
best straw cutter, 1 00
best half dozen hoes; do
best half dozen hay rakes, do
best Held roller, do
best stump extractor, do
best two horse plow, do
best one horse plow, do
beat seed drill, 2 00
best corn planter, do
Thos. Green, .Jefferson ; John Martin,
Connoquenessing ; Jas. Anderson, Ponn.
Class L.— Mechanical Arts.
Ilest two horse wagon, 83 00
best two horse carriage H 00
best one horse top binrsry 2 00
bo«t "lie horse open buggy 2 00
be-t sulky 2 00
iiost wheelbarrow 1 00
bo< double sot of wagon harness 2 00
' i'-t. double sot carriage harness il 00
'■e-t single set. carnage harness 2 00
i-flst lady's saddle 1 00
best man's saddle do
best bridle and martingale, 1 00
best calf skiu, 1 00
lest side of harness leather, 100
bestside pf upper leather 1 00
|.best side of kip leather 1 (M)
best assortment of castings JI 00
best cook stove 00
best parlor stove 1 00
best common stove 1 00
best photograph 1 00
best anibrotypo 1 00
best pair of men's boots 1 00
I «-t pair of lady'| boots 1 00
best pair of men's shoes, do
lest pair of lady's shoes, dc
best gent's coats, pauti and vest 3 00
best rocking chair 1 Oft
best -'it of chairs J 00
best dressing bureau 3 00
best stu'ne warn 1 00
best earthen ware 1 00
best tin ware 1 00
best rifle gun "* 1 00
best blacksmith work 1 00
best marble work 1 00
best penmanship 1 00
best thousand oak shingles | 100
best leather trunk 100
best steam engine 2 00
best book printing 1 00
best card printing do
best portrait painting do
best Grecian oil painting do
best specimen of graining do
best clothes horse do
best hive or palace for bees do
best mattock do
best washing machine do
best dog power for churq do
best display of cigars and tobacco do
John Humphrey, Worth ; A. 1). VVier,
Buffalo; A. B. Tinker, Butler,
Class M.— Domestic and other Manufac
tures.
Best 10 yards of cassimavc, 82 00
" •' " cloth, 200
" " " satinet, 1 00
" " " barred flannel, 100
" " " rag carpet, . 100
" " " woolen carpet, 100
" " " flax linen, 100
" pair of blankets, 1 00
'• pair of coverlets, 50
" pair of gent's woolen hose, 50
" pair of ladies woolen hose, do
" pair of gent's woolen mittens, 50
" 5 pounds of woolen ysrn, 1 00
" soil hat, 1 00
" barrel of wheat floor, 2 00
'• half-doren linnen bags. 1 00
" linnen thread, 50 ]
•' pair of linnen table cloths, 1 00
Robert Story, Parker, Maj. W.C. Ad
ams, Fairview, Patrick Mcßride, Murrins
ville.
< lass X- Ornamcjitaland X<cdlf Work.
Hest gent's shirt, SI 00
•• ludys' tionnet, 2 00
" lady's head dress, 1 00
" lady's collar. 1 00
'• ornamental work, " 1 00.
'• ial4» cover, • • 100
staud cover, 1 00
■■ ottoman coyer, I'OO
" patch work, 1 00
'• patch work .quilt, uuiltingto be
considered 2 W
2d best " " " 1 00
Best crotchet work, 1 00
" cruel work. 1 00
" artificial flowers, in wax, 1 00
" artificial fruits, in wax, 1 00
" embroidery on silk,
" embroidery on lace,
" embroidery on muslin,
" embroidered lamp mat, I 00
" embroidered slippers, 1 00
" fancy chair work,
" ornamental shell work,
" ornamental leather work,
" ornamental pillow-slip,
" fancy basket,
" pair worked under sleeves, 1 00
" tidy, 1 00
" bed spread,
" cradle quilt, 1 00
J. C. Rediek, Harvey Colbert, Maggie
Campbell, Klla Cunningham, A W. Mo
cullough, Elvira BreJln.
CLASS O —TROTTING MATCH.
Fastest trotting horse, hiare, or gelding,
of any nge and from anywhere ("ntry
fee, 810), ' 100 00
Best Stallion, of any age from anywhere
(cutry fee 85), 50 00
The trot will take place on the last,day
of the Fair, and the judges on this class
will then be selected from those present.
GRAND MARSHAL.
MILTON HENRY, Boro. Butler.
CATTI.F, MARBUAI,.
HENRY BUHL, Esq., Forward tp.
MARSHAL FOR BIIEKP ANT) SWINE.
G. C. ROESSINO, Butler bor.
ItIiLES i.M> BE«VI<ATIO\S.
We invite the attention of the public
to our premium list. It has been revised
with great care, and with direct reference
to tho liberal enoouragement of all class
es of industry and commendable enter
prise. Look over the list at your leisure;
note the premium you wish to draw and
see to it that some of your neighbors don't
go ahead of you.
BAND OF MUSIC.
A good band of music will, occupy a
prominent stand on tho grounds during
tho fair.
THE ADDRESS.
An address from some distinguished
speaker and friend of Agriculture jpy
be expeoied.
Each member of the society will be fur
nislied on the payment of the annual fee
of one dollar, with a certificate of member
ship. This certificate will give tho per
son whose name is written thereon, to
gether with his family accompanying him,
free access to the grouuds during the fair.
Those certificates can be procured from
the President, Vice President, Secretary
and Treasurer.
will bo furnished with single tickets ol
admission at any of the ticket offices for
twenty-five cents. Children under ten
years old, ten cents. These tickets must
be delivered to tho keeper as you pass
in.
DIRECTIONS TO COMPETITORS
Competitors are requested to enter all
articles for exhibition in the Secretary's
books on or before tho evening cd the
first day of the fair. Cards will be giv
en to each competitor, which must be
attached to the animal or article you may
wish to exhibit.
A committee will direct you as to the
location and arrangement of anything you
may have to exhibit.
There is an abundance of water conve
nient to the grounds—hay will be furnish
ed free of charge—other feed to be pro
vided by the owners of stock.
'MDWS iro ii ULOB3,
Ist. You are respectfully requested to
report yourselves to the managers' tent on
the first day of the fair if possible, and
in no event later than 10 o'clock of the
second day.
2d. At 10 o'clock of the second day
your names will be called at the mana
ger's tent, and all vacancies will then'be
filled.
"3d. You will receive your class books
and (/titer upon the discharge of your du
ties immediately. The class books will
refer you to the number affixed to the dif
ferent animals or articles submitted for
your examination. In these books you
will also write out your report.
4th. You will not be permitted to serve
on a Committee in any class in which you
may be competing for a premium.
sth. You will in no case where th.ere
is no competition, award premiums to ar
ticles or animals that are not meritori
ous.
6th. Pay no attention tfl animals or
articles that have pot a numbered card
aud class attached.
7th. You will take into consideration
the symmetry, early maturing) s : ze, age,
feediug, #nd other circumstances connec
ted with the animal you may judge, but
ijiws no encouragement to over-feeding.
Bth. A majority of the members on
each committee will constitute a quorum.
oth. Permit no persons to interfere
with your examinations or to be present
at your deliberations.
10th. Eeach member of the Board of
Managers will have the supervision of a
particular dpeartment on the grounds—
and to this member you will apply for
any instruction or information you may
want.
CKXKIIAI. rules.
Ist. Members of tho society must pay
the sum of iue dollar annually on or bo
furo the first day of tho fair
2d. Competitors for premiums must
be members of the society.
3d. All animals or articles placed in
competition for premiums must be i wued
iu the county by personsofferiug tho same,
or by members of their family under
twenty years of age—except iu class O.
4th. Products of the soil or manufac
tured articles must be produced or manu
factured iu tho county.
sth. Members of the society will be
entitled to exhibit any number of ani
mals or articles in any class but in case
the same article is entered to compete in
more than one class, twenty-five cents ad
ditional will be charged for each entry
after the first.
oth. Animals or articles notwithstand
ing they may be exhibited iu more than
one elass, can draw but one premium.
7th. Exhibitors are required to have
their animals.or articles entered on the
books at the Secretary's office, and arran
ged in their proper places on the first day
of the fair.
Bth. On the entry of animals or articles
cards will be furnished hy the Secretary
with the number and class as ontcred at
the ofjico, which must be attached to the
animals, or articles, otherwise the judges
will pay no attention to them.
9th. Competitors must exhibit to the
Socretary certificates of membership be
fore lie will make any entry for competi
tion.
10th. Stock of all kinds entered for
competitions must remain iu tho stalls un
til called for by the marshal.
11th. Premiums must bo called for
within three months after the fair or they
will bo fjrfeited to the society.
12th. The Board of Managers will
take every preeaut on in their power for
tho safety of the stock aud articles on ex
hibition, but will not bo responsible for
any loss or damage that may occur.
13th. Intoxicating drinks of all kinds
are sti i#ly prohibited on the fair grouuds.
14th. Disorderly couduct of every
kind is forbidden ; those indulging there
in will forfeit their right to remain longer
on the fair grouuds and will be promptly
ejected. 9
15lh. No person will bo permitted to
engage ill any kind of liusiness on the
fair grounds without a writtco permit from
the Secretary aud Treasurer.
16th. No carriages, buggies, sulkeys,
wagons or other vehicles will be admitted
oti the fair during the exhibi
tion except those entered for premiums.
Order of Arraugomenlft.
FIRST DAY —General preparations, en
tries and arrangements of animals and
article*).
SECOND DAY. —General exhibition
examination of blooded stock and fast
trotting and pacing horses; address, and
report of judges.
THIRD BAY. —The grand trot, and dis
play of stock in Class O.
W. O. BRACKENRIDGE,
President.
A tornado visited In ! nnti and Chi
sago counties, Minnesota, about for
ty mile north of St. Paul, on the
12th, tnnkir.g a clean track through
the heavy pine forests, about thirty
rods wide, for a distance of many
miles. Trees three feet in diameter
were literally twis'.ed into broom
splints. In some places the debris id
piled thirty feet high. The region
is scarcely settled, as far as herd
from only one was destroy
ed. Three citizens of St. Paul, how
ever, on a hunting excursion, were
caught by the tornado and sustained
bodily injuries, one of them quite
severe. The direction of the torna
do was from southwest to northeast.
Its force was spent before reaching
the St. Crorx river.
Late dispatches from Fort Rice
announce a mutiny among the sol
diers at this post. Much di. satis
faction has existed among the troops
for some time, owing to their being
sent tp the frontier, instead of the
South, and, since the close of Rebell
ion- this has greatly increased, until
it has culminated in a mutiny. It is
aot announced what State the sol
diers are from, but the decamped,
on Government horses, in the direc
tion of Minnesota. There were Min
nesota troops in the garristm at that
post. *.
PROGRAMME OF THE EXTERMIN
ATORS.
Thud. SloteiiH 011 "lteconstrm 1 -
(lon**—Tl|« I. mitls or the South
•<> be Confiscated to |>aj the
Public Debt.
Thaddeus Stevens, member of Congress
from this State, delivered a speech in Lan
caster, Pa., Scptombe! (!, on the policy of
reconstruction. AVe give the following
extracts from it, to show the depths of
degradation and barbarism into which this
blood thirsty old wretch has sunk.
Pour years of bloody and oxpeusive
war, waged against tho United State* by
eleven States, under a government called
the " Confederate States of America," ty
which they acknowledged allegiance, have
overthrown all governments within those
States which could be acknowledged as
legitimate by tbo Union. Tho armies of
the Confederate States having been con
quered and subdued, and their territory
possessed by the United States, it becomes
necessary to establish governments there*
in, which shall be Republican in form
and principles, and form a "more perfect
union" with tho parent government. It
is desirable that such a course should be
pursued as to exclude from those govern
ments every vestige of human bondage,
and render the same forever impossible
in this nation ; and to take care that no
principles of self-destruction shall be in
corporated therein, in effecting this, it
is to be hoped that no provision of the.
constitution will be infringed, and 110
principle of the law of nations disregarded
Especially must we take care that in re
buking this unjust and treasonable war,
the authorities of the Union shall indulge
in no acts of usurpatiift which may tend
to impair the stability and permanency of
the nation. Within these limitations we
hold it to be the duty of the government
to inflict condign on tho re
bel belligerents,and so weaken their hands
that they cau never again endanger the
Union, and so reform their municipal in*
Htitutioiiß as to make them Republican in
spirit as well as in name.
We especially Insist that the property
of the chief rebels should bo seized and
appropriated to the payment of tho ?m<
tional debt, caused by the unjust and
wicked war which they instigated. llow
can such punishments be inflicted and
such forfeitures produced without doing
violence to established principles? Two
positions have been suggested :
F!rtl —To treat thus# States as'never
having been out of the Union, because
the Constitution forbids secession, and
therefore a fact forbidden by law could
not exist.
Seaontf-To accept the position in which
they placed themselves as sovered from
tho Union —an independent government
c/r facto and an alien enemy, tq be dealt
with according to the laws of war. t
Tho crime of treason can bo commit
ted only where tho person is actually or
potentially present. Jefferson Davis sit
ting in Richmond, counselling, or advis
ing, or commanding an inroad into Penn
sylvania, has committed no overt act in
this State, and can be tried, if anywhere,
only in the Richmond district, ihe doc-
tiine of constructive pr scnce and con
structive treason will never. I hope, pol
lute our statutes or judicial decisions.—
Select an impartial jury from Virginia,
and it is obvious no wravictioj) coijld ever
be had. J'oesiWy a Jury might bo packed
to convict; but that would not bean ''im
partial" jury. It would be judicial mur
der, and would rynk in infamy with the
trial of Lord Itussell, except only that the'
one was the murder of an innocent man,
the other of a traitor. The same difficul
ties would exist in attempting forfeitures,
which can only follow convictions in States
protected by the Constitution, and thep it
is said only for life of the malefactor —
Congress can pass no "bill of attainder."
What right has any one tq direst a
Convention to be held in a sovereign
State of this Union, to auien4»ta Consti
tution and prescribe the qualifications of
voters ? The sovereiga power of the na
tion is lodged in Congress. Yet where is
the warrant in the Constitution for such
sovereign power.jppch iess the Executive,
to intermeddle with the domestic institu
tions of a State, mould its laws and reg
ulate the .elective franchise ? It would
bo rank, dangerous and deplorable usur
pation. In reconstruction, therefore, up
reform can bo effected, in the southern
States if they have never left the Union, j
Hut reformation must be effected, the
foundation of political,
municipal and social, most be broken up
and relaid, or-all our blood a»d treasure
have been spent in Tain. This can only
be done by treating and folding them as
a conquered people. Then all things
whip]} we can desire to do to follow yith
logical and legitimate authority. As con
quered torritor Congress* would have full
NUMBER ii
power to legislate for thorn; for tbo Ter
ritories are not under the Constitution ex
cept so far as the express power to got
ern them is given to Congrpss. The#
would be held iu a territorial ponditioa
until they are fit to form State jCopstitu
tious, Republican in fact, not in form only
and ask admission into the Uqioß as new
Stales. If Congress approve of their
constitutions, and think they have done
works meet for repentance, they would
be admitted as new .States. If their Con
stitutions are uot approved of they woul<}
be sent back, until they have become wise
enough so to purgo thoir old laws as to
eradicate every despotic and revolutionary
principle—uijtil they shall have learned
to venerate the Declaration of ludepend,
ence. Ido not touch on the question of
negro suffrage. If in the Union the States
have long ago regulated that, and for the
central govern ment to interfere ffit|> it
would be mischievous impertinence. If
they ure to be admitted as new Statqs; they
must form their own Constitutor), apd no
enabling act could dictate its terms.
Congress could prescribe the qualifications
of vofeis while a Territory, or when prii
deeding to call a Convention to form a
State government. That is the extent of
the power of Congress over the elective
franchise, whether jn a territorial or State
condition. The President has uot even
this or any other power to meddle ii) the
subject, except by advice to Congress
and then 011 Territories. to be
sure, Ims some sort of compulsory power
by refusing the States admission until
they shall have complied with its wishes
upon this subject. Whether those whq
have fought our battles should all bp al
lowed to vote, or only those of a paloc
Jiue, I leave to bo discussed in the fufure,
when Congress can take legitimate cogni
sance of it. There are about 4,000,000 of
frecdincn in the South. The number of
acres of land is 405,000,000. Of this
those who own iiboye 200 oores each num
ber about 70,000 persons, holding in the
ilggreate— together with the States—about
894,000,000 acres, leaving for all the oth
ers below 200 each about 71,000,000
acres. 15y thus forfeiting the e<*tat«B pf
the leading rebels the government ffo))14
have 304,000,000 of acres beside their
town property, and yet nine-tenths of the
people would remain untouched. Divj.de
this land into convenient farms. Giye, if
you please, forty acres to each adult male
freedman. Suppose there are 1,000,000
of tliein. That would require 40,000,*
000 of acres, which deducted from 894,1
000,000, leaves 854,000,000 of acres for
sale. Divide it into suitable farms, and
sell it to the highest bidder. I think it,
including town property, would average
at least »!0 per acre. That would pro
duce 8:5,540,000,000. Let that be ap ;
plied as follows, to wit;—r
1. Invest 8300,000,000 in six per cent,
government bonds, and add the interest
semi-annually to the pensions of those
jfho have become entitled by this villainj
ous war.
2. Appropriate 8-00,000,000 to pay
(lie damage done to loyal men, North and
South, by the rebellion.
3. i'uy the residue, being 83,040,000,?
000, tpvyard tjie payment of the nationa)
dobt.
Our war debt is estimated at from thjee
to four billions of dollars. In my judg
ment, when all is funded and the pensions
capitalized, it will reach more than foujf
billions.
The interest at six per cent,
only (now much mure).... 5240,000,0
The ordinary expenses of
our government arc 120,000,000
For some years the extraor
dinary expenses of our ar
my and navy will be........ 110,000,000
Total 8470,000,000
Four hundred and seventy millions to,
be raised by taxation! Our present
heavy taxes will, in ordinary yijara, pro
duce but little more than half that sum
Can our people bear double their present
taxation? He who unnecessarily cat}ses
it will be accursed from generality to
generation. It is fashionable to belittle
our public debt, lest tlje people sl)ouI4
I become alarmed, and political parties
should suffer. I have never fo»nd it yisg
to deceive the pegpk. They can alwaya
be trusted with the truth. Capitalist*
will net bo affected ; for they cannot be
deceived. Confide in the people and jou
will avoid repudiation. Deceive them,
and lead them into frle measji«s, an<j)
you may produce it.
We pity the p«qr Englishman, whose
national debt and btjfthensome taxation
we have heard deplored from our child- ,
hood. The grew debt of Great Britiain
is just about as much as ours ($4,000,000,
' 000), four till ion. But in effect it is but
< halt large ;it bears but three per cent
[ interest- the current year the <Jh*ao*llo£