VOLUME 1.
Army C'orfedpeiulencc.
STOLES HOSPITAL,
WARD C, ALEIAAPIU, VA NOT. 9th, 18#4.
MESSRS. KMTOIIS :—Af ter my respects
1 wish to inform you, that I received two
topies of your paper, and I do assure you,
that they were thankfully received. It
does me good to get the news from my
*)wn county, and more especially when I
get it in a sheet like the CITIZEN*. 1
tnust inform you of my illness and the
•cause of it. There were thirty men vol
unteered out of our company, (Co. I*.
•6th Pa. 11. Art.) togo on the cars as
guards. Co. A, mid Co. I', sent thirty
men each, lflaking in all ninety men.
They had about seventy five laborers along
the most of them darkies. Our business
was to open the Manasses (lap Railroad,
which has been out of use for over a year.
We had two battalions of Gallop's men
with us, one in the advance and the other
in the rear. We lelt Fairfax Station,
about three o'clock, p. m., on the Bth of
October; we went about three utiles on
the other side of Hull's Kuu battle-field,
and not considering it safe to run after
night, we stopped and threw out a picket.
The next morning we started, but did not
go far until we found the road torn up ;
then there was work for the darkies. \\ e
saw a few of Mosby's men that day but
no force of any account; so on we went-,
repairing bridges and culverts,; we got to
Thorough Fare (lap that day. '1 he next
morning we started and found the road
badly torn up; we got to Kcctortown Sta
tion that day.and found the big bridge
btirne 1 there. Tint wo g>ug to take
lissome time. Wc throw out a stioug
picket line for we were aware that Mo
by's men were all aronn l to. I licit! wa
considerable p eke filing that night. 1.
the morning all the guar-!- vent out on
skirmish line; n i hing happened luring
the day worth relating until about four
o'clock in the evening, when tlie.y opened
on the train with two guns; they th.cw
shell at the train, tiut it being in between
two hills they could not drop than into
do the cars much damage ; they shelled
(iallop's men on the opposite hill from
where we were. Gallop's men were on
one side of the cars and the guards
were on the other. We were formed in
line between the cars nnl Mosby s guns.
We formed in line belv.nd a stone fedec.
they shelled us a while but wo were 1
too much behind the hill; they threw ;
their shells over us; they stopped shel
ling and their cavalry made a < hargo ou
us, but the first volley we gave them,
their leader fell, and that stopped them.
Two orjihree of tlioni picke 1 liiui jip, and
during this time we gave them another j
volley which made them 'git" in a hurry
We then concluded that we were getting
into hot water, and concluded togo lia k
to White Plains. We started back ; tial
lop's men came hack with us; one bat
talion iu the advance, and the other iu
the rear. W'c had hardly got started when
we found out that the rebs had been at
work behind us. They ha l torn up the
road, and burnt culverts ; what was to be
done ! The on'y remedy was to repair the
road again. So the men went to work
with a will, but they had hardly got one
rail down when the rebs opened on us
again with their artillery. The most of
the darkies left the road and took refuge
in a corn field near by ; the foreman or
dered us to fetch them back. We made
thcin c one baric and goto work ; they
threw solid shot at us; one shot struck
about one roil from the locomotive; that
was getting»pret!y close, if it had stiuck
tl»e engine we would have lost the train.
Wc got that place repaired and ou we
came for aln ut a mile, and here we found
a culvert burned. We had worked there
but a short time when boom came a shell
plowing up the ground close by. We
worked our way for five miles in this way,
the rebs following us up, and whenever
■they could get their guus to bear on us
,we got it, bat with very I.ttle damage to
the tmi«. We got to White Plains a lit
tle before dark ; there the road was torn
iup tor four or five rods, but there we found
the 142 d regiment coming to our relief ;
they engage I the cneiuy and wc lelt them
fig4itiug. The train guards got on the
cars at this jtlace and wc were all very
warm having to double-quick when the
cars were running, i lost my overcoat
and blanket; I had nothing* to put onto
keep me warm, aud being so much over
heated, aud the night being cool, I caught
a severe cold, whic l < terminated ir remit
tent fever. The next morning I was very
sick, had a severe pain in uiy head and a
high fever. I was in Alexandria, as we
had run back there that night. I took a
train and went to my company. The ]>r.
kept me for a day or two and then sent
me to the Hospital. I have been here
for about a uiotith. I was very ill for
about three weeks, but thank God, I am
getting better now lam able to sit up
some, I am very weak though. I can
AMERICAN CITIZEN.
hardly hold my pen tight enough to write
Y r ou must excuse me for not informing
you that I received your papers. I was
not able to write ; I am not fit to write
yet, it does me out so much. 1 would
like very much to take your paper regu
larly, but the trouble is I am uot likely
to be long in one place, but send it to me
as long as I am'in this Hospital, and I
will make it right with you. Well, I
must close for the present.
Respectfully yours,
JOSEPH M'CASKEY.
The State of Nevada.
The people of Nevada having formed
a State (Jovernuient in conformity with
the Enabling Act passed by Congress on
the 21st of March last, the President
issued his Proclamation declaring that
tire State of Nevada is admitted into
the Intoti on an equal footing "with the
original States." Thus the thirty-sixth
Star is added to the constellation on our
National flag. In the law authorizing the
call for a constitutional convention by the
people of Nevada the following condi
tions were prescribed:—Thai the ('.insti
tution. when formed, shall be republican,
and not repugnant to the Constitution of
the I'nited States and the principle of
the Declaration of Independence; that
the convention shall provide by an ordi
nance. irrevocable without the consent of
ijie I nited States and the people of said
State.
First. That there shall be no slavery
or involuntary servitude in the said State
otherwise than in punishment of crime,
whereof the party shall have been duly
convicted.
Secondly. That peifeet toleration of
reliuioiH sentiment -hall be secured, and
no inhabitant of said State shall ever be
molested in person on account of his
mode of religious worship.
Third. The public hinds shall remain
at the disposal of the I nited States; no
taxes shall be laid on the lauds or prop
erty of the I'nited States, taxation
upon the property of non-residents shall
not exceed that upon the property of resi
dent citizens. Finally, when the fore
going condition- shall have been coin
plied with, the Convi nCai was required
to be submitted to the vote of the people
on the second Tuesday of October. 1H()4. L
If tin* Constitution should be adopted
then, the President being notified of that
fact, was authorized to proclaim Nevada
admitted into the I nion as a State. The
vice.ion for members of the Convention
was held on the 2 1 of M iv last, the Con
vention met on.he 4th of July, and hav
ing framed a Constitution in accordance
with the conditions prescribed, it was
adopted by the people on the ninth of
October, and by the President's procla
mation of October .'ilst, Nevada is now a
State of the 1 nion.
This event is one of the wonders in the
progress of American civilization. As re
cently as 'lie early part of tlie year ISOO,
what is now the State of Nevada, then
the western part of the Territory of Utah,
was an uninhabited waste. It was not
only desolate and barren, but so forbid
ding was the aspect of nature there that
it was supposed it would forever remain a
desert. The plains were treeless, the
rivers shallow and treacherous, vanishing
when most wanted; the mountains were
piies of bare volcanic rocks, the lakes
were mere marshes of salines and alkalies,
and the transit across tho Territory was
most difficult and dangerous. In addi«
tion to all this it was walled in by two
formidable barriers—the lofty and rag
ged Sierra ou the one side and the cheer
less Wasatch, on the other. Now. alter
tho lapse of four short years as if by
stroke of the enchanter's wand, that bar
ren and desolate waste has become, popu
lous. It is vocal with the hum of indus
try and enterprise. Mines of gold, of
silver, and of irou, have been opened, and
arc yielding up their long hidden wealth.
Mills have been established, and moun
tain streams being turned upon the parch
ed earth, fertile farms have sprung up.
I'pon the heels of enterprise ami adven
ture, civilization has followed. The State
is already dotted with towns, villages,
cities, schools, churches, and seats of jus
tice, and along with the?e the indispe.-
sable and invaluable printing press is
found in every section of the young com
monwealth. In that desolate and almost
inacccssable desert of (but years ago there
lias beeu already two agricultural fairs!
i he solitary traders along the old Indian
trails are now cheered by the presence of
fifty thousaud white settlers.' The trav
eler who had to lower his team over the
crags by ropes has uow the choice of half
a dozen skillfully graded roads, over which
the stage coach bowls merrily jlopg at
the rate of ten miles an hour. Carson
City, the seat of the Territorial Govern
ment, has a population of about three
thousand Humboldt tlie county seat of
" Let us have Faith that Right makes Might; and in that Faith let us, to the end,dare to do our (My as we understand it"— A - LINCOLN.
BUTLER, BUTLEtt COUNTY, PA., WEDNESDAY, NOVEMBER 23, 1864.
Humboldt county, has a population of
three thousaud; Aurora, in Esmeralda
county, and Austin, in I?!iuner county,
have each thirty-five hundred. But Vir
ginia City, built right upon the rich rocks
of the Comstocks Mines, is the wonder
of them all. On the Pacific side of the
continent it is second only to San Fran
cisco. having a population of twenty thou
sand in the town proper, and twenty thou
sand within a circuit of five miles. The
real property within the same circuit is
worth a hundred millions of dollars.
Where in the world except in these Uni
ted States, under the stimulating effects
of American free institutions, could such
amazing progress possibly occur in the
of a gigantic war ?— l'hi'd Enq.
A Roman Foast in Hadrian's Villa.
Let us follow the Emperor and pasS in
visible through the guards at the portal,
and the crowd of Sicilian cooks, pantomi
mists, slaves and dependents, in the out
er hall. Guided by the sound or music,
let us penetrate to the coeuacuhini itself.
Here, on semi-circular couches, recline
tho I'mperor and his guests, their hair
redolent of fragrant ointments, their Au
gers covered with rings, and their jewel
led slippers lying beside them on the
floor. Each man holds in his left hand a
napkin with a gold and purple fringe. On
the table stand small images of the gods.
At the lower end of the room is an ele
vated stage, on which a party of buffoons
are performing a comic interlude. The
visitors play at dice between the courses.
Now and then, through revolving compart
ments in the ceiling, flowers and per
fumes are -howered down upon the feast
ers, while slaves stand by whose duty it
is to fan away the flies and bring fresh
towels and scented waters to the guests
al er every.dish.
The feast begins to the sound of trum
pets, and slaves carry round cups'of Fa-
Icmian wine flavored with honey. Then
come oysters from the Lncrine lake, cray
fish fiom the Miseuium. mullets from the
IS,the. hiuipieys and perhaps a sturgeon,
which is weighed alive at tab e, allowed
to expire before the eyes of the guests,
and tlieu canted off to the kitchen, pres
ently to appear again, cooked with a rich
sauce of wine and pickles. Then came
"dishes of nightingales, thrushes, roasted
shiimps, African cockles, Mcliau cranes,
Anibracian kid. and a boar from the I'm
bian forests, roasted whole, and stuffed
with beef and veal. This is carved by
the rnrptor with pantomimic gestures, to
the sound of music.
Next some jars of rare Massic and
Chiau wines are opened, a libation is pour
ed out to the gods, and the Kinpcror
pledges his guests. Then enter four mu
sicians playing on double flutes, followed
by as many servants crowned with flow
el's. '1 hey bring the royal dish of the
entertainment—a peacock with all its
plumage displayed on a salvar garlanded
with roses. At this sight the guests burst
into murmurs of applause, and salute the
Kinperor. he buffoons now retire and a
couple .of gladiators make their appear
ance upon the stage, armed with helmets,
bucklers, greaves and short swords. The
serious business of supper being over, and
dessert about to be brought on, the ('cast
ers have leisure to enjoy this more ox
citing amusement. Additional cushions
arc brought, spiced wines are handed
round, the tables arc cleared, fresh cloths
are laid, the guests lean back ; the Em
peror gives the signal, and the gladiator
begins the combat. Now pistachio nuts,
dates. Venetian olives. Matin apples,
pears, grapes, dried figs, mushrooms,
sweet cakes, preserves, and all kiuds of
delicate confectionary moulded into curi
ous and graceful devices, are placed upon
the table. Conversation becomes anima
ted. A gladiator falls mortally wounded;
the spectators cry alouud "llalut a
fresh combatant replaces him, and the
Kmperor himself deigns to bet U[>on the
victor.
Thus amid bloodshed, dicing, wine and
fcastiug. hours pass away, and tho cnter
taiDiiiCU.t draws to a close. \ aluablc pres
ents are presented to it*: guests. One
gets a precious ring, one a robe of Tyrian
dye, another a sketch by Parnassus, all
ot her a bust of Hadrian iu colored mar
bles; and thus each Uikes his leave en
riched an I feasted, and pours a last liba
tion to the health of the Emperor and
the honor of the gods.
fcajr A letter from Havana jays that a
committee .of influential persons has wait
ed on General Dulco with a jietition, to
be presented through him to Isabel JI..
that all negroes be declared free after the
expiration of twenty-four years from Jan
uary I, 18G5, each receiving a salary, du
ring the last four years, of eighteen dol
lars per mouth, the greater part of which
may bo retained until the freedom of the
slave is accomplished.
For tl|o Citizen.
Frdedom's Song.
A PARODT.
" Lincoln anil Freedom." is the cry
'• Americans delight in"—
4 ' Lincoln and Freed inn's," now the cry,
When Freedom's lauips are lighting.
Mac Hin! bondugo—doleful sounds 1
Fiiil is sure decreed them.
Mac and bondage, gloom surrounds,
To quench tho light* of Freedom!
" Lincoln and Freedom"—Joyful sounds!
They cheer the hearts of freemen;
Their names resound the nation round.
From landsmen and from seamen.
Mac and bondage—sadness sits
Round this combination
11 .w they urate on freeman's ears!
I'ainful the sensation!
44 Lincoln and Freedom" — that's the cry
To raise the Nation's glory;
To raise her to her former fame—
Her fame of ancient story!
Mac and bondage— how they press,
On her burdened bosom !
Lower deeps they dig for her—
l»eepcn her confusion!
" Liucolruind Freedom," is the cry,
Inspiring thought and language!
Free soil they fdedge to freeman's son's,
From out the grasp of bondage!
Mac aud bondage, <looiti the soil!—
Chains and groans and anguish,
Slave* aud whips they spread abroad,—
Then the earth will languish!
41 Lincoln and Freedom" —Lo ! they come,
To save our boon of freedom—
The nation bought it with it* blood—
The nation cries, "We need them!"
Mar anil bondage—freedom's tomb!—
omens ill betide theui;
Mac and bondage—have a name!—
The nation can't abide them.
44 Lincoln ami Freedom" —e'en the dead,
Who shed their blood for freedom,
Lilt up their voice and cry aloud,
That •• now I he people need tl^em!''
Lo! it comes from Atlanta !
Huiil.er Hill! and Ynrktnwn!
Saratogn ! AVIO Orbans!
How it m..kc* the heart bound!
44 Lincoln and Freedom''—lievoes dead,
l.ift up a voice of thunder,
Commanding thee, condemning those,
Who would the nation sundar.
Shades of the immortal dead !
Could their sons but see them!
Leckeu all to keep the land
UNITED and for FREEMEN !
The dead and living, both exclaim !
•• LINCOLN !" •• Tur. CONSTITUTION !"
Free toil I fret men,free speech and press!
A Fro- I'nited Xationt
Freemen, ho! jour connli.v.calls! —
Kill your high vocation;
Ili-e iiad iu your might secure
A FLEE UNITED N \TIOM !
OBLANDA SMITH, Brownsdale.
WIT AU3> WISDOM.
MOST men hate all lies which they don't
utter themselves.
A Ikll xt> of pleasure sometimes ren
ders it difficult to make things square.
IF men will but amuse the world, it
will freely forgive them for cheating it.
GREAT books are dead men, yet glori
fied ones; and their pupils will ever hold
themselves as their living relatives.
MK.N of quick fancy more easily recon
cile themselves lo the loved one when she
is absent than when she is present.
ONE of the toasts drank at a recent cel
ebration was " Woman ! she requires no
eulogy—she speaks for herself."
A PHYSICIAN once boasted to Sir Hen
ry llolford, saying, " I was the first to
discover the Asiatic cholera, and commu
nicated it to the public
I'KOFOt Nl> silence in.public assemblies
has been thus neatly described : •
" One might have heard flic stealing
of a handkerchief."
AN Irishman who had been asked to
furnish proof of his marriage, took off his
hat and exhibited a scar on his head.—
" Here," said he, "is me marriage cer
tificate. That's Judy's mark."
JULIUS Cassar Hannibal, giving an ac
count of his sea voyage, says: "All de
passengers was heavin', and if that wasn't
enough, do captain gave orders for de
ship to heave too, and she hove."
You may have genius, sense, learning
and the power of expression, so as to
write prose to rival Burke or Johnson,
and after all may make yourself ridicu
lous by trying your hand at poetry.
" My brethren," said Swift, in a ser
mon, " there are three kinds of pride,
namely, of birth, of riches, of intellect.
I shall not speak of the latter, none of
you being liable to that abominable vice."
WHAT! are you drunk again ? Xomy
dear, not drunk, but a little slippery.—
The fact is, my dear, some scoundrel has
been rubbing my boots till they arc as
snioothc as glass.
" I wit.l, lay you a wager," said 15oun
cer, " that I will shoot more crows to-day
than you."
" O, yes," replied his compauion, " you
always beat me at cruu intj."
ONK of the agents of an insurance
company in Ilartlbrd, in sending a small
remittance of 81'-!,000 from the West the
other day, wrote upon the foot of the
check, " good for burns !"
SIP. I'etcr Lely made it a rule never to
look at a bad picture, having found by ex
perience that whenever he did so his pen
cil took a tint from it. Always apply the
same rule to. bad looks and bad company.
TIIK minds of scholars are libraries;
those of antiquarians, lumber rooms; —
those of sportsmen, kennels ; those of ep
icures, larders and cellars; and (hose of
young damsels the play-grounds of bc
whiskercd cavaliers.
SUPPOSE a man should steal fifty dol
lars from you, and that you should then
challenge him to toss up with you for
your whole fortune! That would be a
parallel case of dueling, as a remedy for
an injury or an insult.
The Southern Confederacy as Por
trayed by Itself.
The lion aecouuted for the fact that li
ons were always portrayed as being worst
ed by men in their encounters by the cir
cumstance that lions were not painters.
And there is manifestly a serious differ
ence between the view taken of a bellig
erent's resources by himself and by an
adversary respectively.
The Confederate Congress has recently
come together; so has the Legislature of
Georgia; so, we presume, has that of
North Carolina; so. perhaps, have sever
al other such. Each of these is met by
the Executive with a budget, which,
however made up, is unlike iu that it has
not ' told a flattering tale.' We defy any
Rebel-sympathizer to extract the smallest
morsel of comfort from any recent official
expose of the resorts aud resources of
Confederate finance.
Mr. Trenholm, the new Secretary of
Treasury at Richmond, was a leading
merchant at Charleston, and is said to
have made a handsome fortune in the pal
mier drys of Confederate blockade-run
ning. He is a most intense Rebel, and
has doubtless put the best possible face
on the affairs intrusted to his charge.—
Let ns see what that face is :
Mr. Trenholm makes two bites of his
cherry, aud exhibits but half of if, evi
dently fearing that the whole of it would
be too much for the Rebels to bear. He
tells us what have been his expenditures
for the half year, ending with last Sep.
tember, but shrinks from facing the ma
jestic aggregate of a year's outlay. For
the six months embraced between April
Ist and October Ist, 18154, he has paid
out £272,878,505, apart from §10.772.-
883 paid for interest on Public i'ebt.—
Duiiug this period, his receipts have been
842,294,314 from war taxes. $1,238,722
from " sequestrations," (that is, confisca
tions.) 850,004 from duties on Imports,
and £4..'120 from duties on Exports, with
?'J08,022 from " Soldiers' Tax," which
we don't pretend to understand. Alto
gether, tho receipts of his Department
otherwise thau from Loans, have been
less than Forty five Millions, against 1111
admitted expenditure of six times that
amount. And. when it is considered that
the Rebel armies have not been paid for
many mouths—some of them not for over
a year—that their Government owes vast
unliquidated balauces right and left to
Railroads, and to every body and compa
ny whence food or any other material of
war can bo extracted by impressment or
otherwise, it must be evident that the ac
tual indebtedness of the Confederacy was
increased during the half-year aforesaid
at a rate above ratlier than below 000,-
000,000 per annum.
Tho Confederacy achieved, six or eight
months ago, one of those clever financial
operations which, viewing them under
different lights, the authors designate as
masterly and the victims denounce as ras
cally. Finding itself in debt over One
Thousand Millions of Dollars, most of it
in the form of Treasury Notes, which had
come as numerous,omnipresent, and loath
some as the frogs of Egypt, the (jovern
uient called them all in, subject to a his
of 33} percent, leplacing them by anew
issue of two-thirds their amount. The
calculation was that the I>ebt would thus
be reduced more than Three Hundred
Millions, while the Notes would thereby
be appreciated to a similar extent—in oth
er words, that the Rebel Government
would owe Three Hundred and odd Mil
lions less, while its creditors would bens
well off as before. Hut, though it thus
reduced its Debt by no loss a sum than
8224.209,818, the Secretary reports its
present aggregate at 81,147,970,208,
while his expenditures for the current
si: iths—estimated at $437,039,315
arry this aggregate considerably
above d'teen Hundred Millions of Dol
lars on the Ist day of April next.
The oue cheerfnl feature of tho Secre
tary's expose is his statement that the
debt.was only increased $97,050,780 dur
ing the last half year; but when it is con
sidered that the Debt has been kept down
by the process ot " scaling" the Treasu
ry Notes as aforesaid, there is little room
lor congratulation on this head.
This experiment of "scaling" has the
one old result. When the Regent of
France, by an arbitrary edict, reduced
by one-half the nominal value of the
shares in John Law's Mississippi scheme
lie did not reduce their current value
merely to that extent—he destroyed it al
together. Holdeis saw at once that a
property which might be in val
ue indefinitely at another's caprice was in
fact no pioperty at all. And so Secreta
ry Trenholm is obliged to confess that
tho constrained reduction of the volume
of Confederate Currency has nof- incieas
ed its value—on the coptrary, that value
has all but ceased to exist. He says:
'• The currency demands the iiumedi
ate and the jjravest consideration of Con
gress. Unless a uniform and stable value
run be given to the Treasury Notes, the
efforts to earn/ on the war through their
instrumentality must of necessity be aban
doned. Acquiescence iu its deplorable
depreciation is to court the ruin to which
it leads. One hundred and thirty-fire
dollars in eurrenry. the price obtained for
one hundred dollars in six per cent bonds.
is equal to six dollars only in specie,; and
to sell the bonds at this late is iu reality
to dispose of them at ninety-four per cent
discount; or in other words, to give a bund
of one hundred dollars in consideration
of the loan of six dollars."
That is to say, iu the Secretary's own
words, the Confederacy now receives
barely six dollars for every hundred which
it adds to its debt, and the actual value of
its Treasury Note promises to pay §IOO.
is no more than 84. The soldier who
fights tor 811 a month receives (or would
receive, if he were over paid) just 44
cents per month ; the Member of Con
gress gets say 810 per day for hisselviees
and pays 840 per day for his board, and
tbeie is not a clerk or oilier employe in
the public service who can honestly sub
sist on his salary. Meantime, tho Army
steadily dwindles from desertion and the
hardships of the service and t hero is no
reserve whence to recruit it, for the des
perate experiment of freeing and arming
tho negroes is given tip —uot from defer
ence to the rights of the slaveholders,
but because it is seen and felt that, tho'
negroes will fight and fight well, they will
not fight to uphold Slavery. So there is
open discord between the President and
Congress, between the President and the
Press, between the Confederacy and the
States composing it—between everything
and everybody that c<fcspive to make up
the " Confederate States of America."—
If the whole concern is not on the brink
of collapse and hopeless ruin, then the
signs of the times are utterly delusive.—
jV. J". Tribune.
A HIDDEN Tit F.A.SURF.. —The Empe
ror Maximillian, says a German journal,
has a chance of digging out a hidden
treasure. The highly romantic story is
as follows: When Napoleon I. dethroned
tho llourbons in Spain, the Mexicans
(whose eyes had been opened by Hum
boldt to the fact that they were a nation
of seven millions, and subdued by eighty
thousand Spaniards,) became encouraged,
and threw off the Spanish yoke. The
Vice King sent, during the revolution,
four millions of gold pieces, together with
other numerous treasures to Madrid. This
happened in June, .1808. The escort
was, however, attacked by one thousand
men and massacred, save one cavalry offi
cer and a few of his men, who acted in
concert with the robbers. To avoid the
vigilance of the Government, the bandits
concluded to hide tlio treasure in the
glound, ana to divide it after the expi
ration of one year. At the foot cf a pre
cipice one thousand feet high, of a hollow
deep in the mountain, was. a cave; there
the treasure was dragged ; the cave walled
up by the rocks, the interstices filled with
earth and plants, and finally, a little brook
was directed in such a manner as to pass,
like c cataract, over the place. Now the
robbers spread out the rumor that the
whole story of the robbery was invented
by the Vice King himself, and that he
had brought the treasure in safety. The
so accused was called to account, lint
the robbers did not enjoy their treasure,
as already, before tho expiratioft of the j
year, they had either killed themselves
among each other or were defunct. A
German traveler named Mullor, celebra
ted by his climbing the Pie of Orizaba. I
learned the secret from the lips of an aged,
dying Indian. Tho Imperial Govern
ment, to whom the place had been point
ed out by Muller, is now about to search
for the treasure, as the historical facts
seem to justify the truth of the story.
Sa aT"Gcn. John Wilson, a well-known
citizen of California, who has arrived at
Sau Francisco, from Sonora, Mexico, has
with him a few curious relies, which de
serve the attention of archaeologists.—
They consist of a human foot, with pieces
of the wrapping which encloses -a large
number of mummies found in a cave in
Chiricahin, near the line of Sonora and
Chihuahua. The cave is a large one,
which the mummies appear to fill to the
depth or nearly forty feet, and though in
tho neighborhood, among the Indians, arc
traditions extending back some five hun
dred years, there is nothing that explains
the filling of the cave with these bodies,
which appear to have been preserved by
the presence of a large amount of salt
petre.
NEW YORK, Nov. 14. —Resolutions
have been offered in the reeel Congress to
fix the price of provisions for citizens, by
commissioners, the sumo as is done for
the arujy, and to grant ainuesty to persons
hostile to the rebellion, provided the" w '"
now support it. « '
NUMBER 4<J
Eastward from Atlanta-
From Atlanta to Augusta, by railroad>
is 171 miles. From Augusta to Charles
ton, 137 miles. From Atlanta to Macon,
103 miles. From Macon to Savannah,
132 wiles. The country from Atlanta to
ward Augusta is quite rolling, and, in pla
ces, rocky, with plenty of small streams
and springs, and abundance of wood and
forage lor an army. It is really a well
settled fanning country. There are biit
few swamps, and the roads generally are
good. The only serious obstructions that
the inhabitants could place in the way of
an army would be in the destruction of
the bridges over the Savannah at Augus-
If they do that the army could turn
its attention fir-t upon Savannah instead
of Charleston, or it could re-bridge the
river withvut any serious delay. The
country between Augusta and Charleston
is not as good as toward Atlanta. Part,
of it is enhabited by poor " sandhillersj"
and part of it is very sparsely inhabited
From Branchvillc—the point where the
railroads from Augusta and Columbia
unite—to Charleston, 02 miles, the coun
try is very flat, with a good deal of swamp,
and in summer time is so miasmatic that
settlements are sparse, though there are
some large plantations, and when cotton
was king, there wcrea great many slaves
kept at work upon all the dry spots of
this swampy region. It is not a bad ono
to march through in cool weather. It
would be deadly in Summer. Immedi
ately around Charleston the lahd is very
flat, sandy or swampy.
The rond from Augusta to Columbia,
the capitol of South Carolina, is " across
the ridges," which are generally low,
sand hills, and over small streams, the
borders of which are cultivated by small
cotton planters and farmers, who keep a
good deal of stock, and have plenty of
grain and sweet potatoes. The Congaree
itivcr, at Columbia, is a respectable sized
mill stream, nothing more, and so is the
Watcree, eastward of it, and so aro the
two Pedoes. and if an army ever has to
march from Augusta to Wilmington, ii
will find no serious obstructions in the*
way, except in a time of high water,
when every small stream overflows its low
banks and covers a broad swamp. The
whole way is a good country for an army
to march and subsist in. The distance
from Augusta to Columbia is about eighty
miles, and from Columbia to Wilmington,
N". C., about two hundred miles. Some
of the richest cotton planters of South
C'arolinaare foundalong the rivers, which
such a march would cross. —A'. I. Trib
une.
I! EM AR K A NR.F. I >KTKCTION. —Some
months since a drover, named Thompson,
was murdered at West Albany and rob- •
bed of some thousands of dollars. Tho
day preceding the murder a man with a
slouched hat. moustache, Ac., was seen
with Thompson, and during that day tho
same man approached another drover and
accosted him as follows, " Hav'nt I seen
you before some where? Didn't you tend
bar once ?"
The murderer remained undetected up
to a few days since, when the drover who
was thus accosted by the man in the,
slouched hat, was in tho cars going from
Albany to Schenectady. A man with a'
silk hat anil clean shaved face, said to him.
Hav'nt I seen you some where before ?
Didn't you tend bar once?" The drover
replied " Yes. you have seen me at West
Albany, and I arrest you as the murderer
of Thompson."
The tone, and manner, and the very
words used months before, left no doubt
of the fact that although very different
in personal appearance, this man was he
who dogged Thompson, and circumstan
ces have revealed Ihctnselves, since the
arrest, sufficient, it is thought., to fasten
the crime.
MA.M FACTI RK OF TAR IS I'RN.NSV R,-
VA.NIA. — Perhaps in no State in tho
Union have the resources thereof been
more largely developed than in Pennsyl
vania. In several of the southern coun
ties cotton has been successfully culti
vated on a small scale, while the growing
of tobacco has been made one of the prin
cipal crops of the farmer. Indeed, the
iuiportauce of tobacco-planting has now
become of the first character, aud its har
vest c matter of great importance. We
now observe that in Cambria, Somerset
and the adjoiniug counties a good quality
of tar is being manufactured from the
knots of the pitch pine. The manufac
ture of this substitute for North Carolina
tar is carried on quite extensively, and
has already considerably depreciated tho
price of the latter article. The tar thus
produced answers nearly all the requi
sites as a substitute for the original arti
cle.—Pitts. Chronicle.
BUT Somebody says that thfi cream
milk is the only atticla that has risen^fl
jM