?hc JJcpavtmcut. Cultivation of the Soil. In writing on physiology of the Boil in our last number, we little thought that we should have an op portunity of seeing the question de bated by the doctors, and in such a hi Miner us to prove the great impor tance of the science. At a recent meeting of the Fruit Grower's Society at Norristowm, the question of cultivation was proposed, which was debated by Messrs. Saun ders, Harrison, ami others on the side of a principle in cultivation, while Messrs. Miller, lleines, and others contended that it was impossi ble to establish any principle. Nei ther of the parties, however, seemed to conceive the idea in its Physiolo gical bearings, and the result was a drawn question. Now wo contend that there is a principle, founded upon Physiologi cal facts, by which soil may be culti vated; by which means any fruit or crop may bo successfully grown on the same land, but this condition de pends upon the land receiving cer tain elements, which are necessary for the growth of the crop planted in , it. The mere fact of the land being I Stiff or open, clayey or sandy, rich or j poor, makes but little difference in > tHe final result. —The result depends j entirely upon the amount of food con-1 tained in, or supplied to the land. But is this condition ascertained? | llow are we to tell what the soil needs; and how arc we to know what quantities will be sufficient.' We ad mit this requires observation and ex perience. Put does not the end jus tify the means? Does a physician expect to be alile to know the phases of every disease or mode of cure, un. j til he has had a large experience, and much observation and study? No more can a farmer become expert ins his business, and know how to apply | Lis fertilizers, until he has studied well the character of the land with which he has to deal; and not only this, but by study and experience has ascertained how the manures act upon their patient. This we call Aggvicultural Physiology; an exam ple may more clearly illusrate our meaning. A farmer has bought a tract of clayey land.—He whishes on this to grow every thing, and appeals to the numerous authorities for information. He finds there are but few crops rec ommended for clayey soils. lie be gins to fear he has purchased a bad bargain, but in for a penny in for a pound, is his rule, and he thinks ma nure may help it, and plentifully ap plies stable and barn-yard manure, and plants his crops. The result is an entire failure; the crop does not yield sufficient to pay for the manure put on it. lie gives up in dispair, and proclaims the world that a clay soil is good for nothing; but he is mistaken, lie has one of the best of unproductive soils to improve, and all it needs is to properly understand how to do it. We can give but a general application; but this may show that the thing is plausible, and with a proper knowledge may be ap plied to any or all soils, no matter what their condition. First, it is necessa ry to see of what a clavey soil is composed. This will be found to be about three fourths alumina, one eighth silica, and one eighth, earthy matters. The only fertilizers in their crude state for plant life are the earthy matters. The others must be supplied; they are potash, lime, ammonia, and magnesia, chlor ine, phosphoric and sulphuric acids, and iron. Clayey soils are also re tentive of moisture, and must be thor oughly under-drained. The failure in the case mentioned was occasion ed by adding a retentive element to one which was overflowing with mois ture, but stimulating, with an excess of ammonia an already exhausted soil. To the application of our med icines: wo supply lime with slake lime or burnt oyster shells; potash by wood ashes; ammonia by stable and barn-yard manure ; ground bones supply sufficient magnesia; then comes the generalizing elements: the lime and ammonia and potash supply sulphuric acid, while the bones and ammonia furnish phosphoric acid; the iron is generated from the alumi na and silica. We hardly hesitate to say that such a compost will make any entire ly clayey Boil bloom as the rose, and render it fit for almost anything that may be planted in it. Other soils can be treated in the same manner, by studying their wants and supply ing then'. The temperaments of soils may be classed as follows:—The san guine is the loamy soil, the nervous js the sandy, the bilious a combina tion of loamy and clayey, and the lymphatic is the clayey. With all this, however, there are climatic in fluence which must receive due atten tion, Every one knows that a trop ical plant will not stand our changea ble climate, or even our hardiest plants stand the temperature of Greenland. This, then, is to be ta ken into consideration before plant ing. Climate changes the entire con stitution both of men and plants: sudden changes destroy both. It is not to be inferred that the soils above described will grow tropical plants in this climate, or even tender varieties unprotected ; but where climatic in fluences are favorable the soil will be in condition for successful growth. We do not intend to say that our re cipe is the best that can be produced for the circnmstances. We only give it as an illustration ofhow soils are to be improved. SHALL WE PLOW OUR ORCHARDS? —I am of the opinion that a plow is not a suitable implement to use in an orchard. A few years since, after having plowed my orchard about every way, and harrowed it in the same, I seeded it to grass—but found the surface of the ground too uneven to seed down, without much labor with hoe and shov el to level the tree-banks, but at last, got it quite well done and I think it will stay done. Now what will keep the trees in good growing condition? I have prac tised mulching around the trees an nually, which appears to be just what is needed. In winter or spring,— probably mid-winter is better if snow will permit—take straw from the straw pile, after the cattle have trod den it under foot, and mixed the ma nure with it, and put it around the trees, at the rate of a wagon load to eight or ten trees, thick enough to keep down grass and weeds. Con sider whether the trees need much or little manure with the straw, and gov ern accordingly. If the orchard has been seeded down so long that the ; turf has become close and tough, I | would take a pick or other implement i an. Mil, nt 1 o'clock, p. m., of null! day, sixty acres of land be the same more or less, situate in the township aforesaid, bounded on the north by lauds of Ja cob Snyder, on the east by I>. McCullough; on the south • by Mathew and Thomas McCullough : 011 the west by Wm. McCullough. Tortus of side, one third of the pur chase money to be paid on the confirmation of sale by the Court, and the residue in two equrfl annual payments, with interest from said confirmation. DAVID MARSHALL, Adm'r. April 27, 1804. Administrator's Notiee. Estate of Isaac Still wagon, dee'd. \I7*HEREAS, Letters of Administration have this day > \ been granted to the undersigned on the estate of Isaac Still wagon, late of Slipperyroclt tp., Butler co, dee'd, therefore all persons knowing themselves indebted to said estate will make immediate payment without de lay, and those having claims against the same will pre sent them properly authenticated for settlement. JOHN J. KELLY, Butler, April 27, Administrator. (■iiartliaiiM Male. I)Y virtue of an order ami decree of the Orphan's Conrt, ) in and for the county of Butler, the undersigned Guardian of the minor children of John Douglas, latuof Wlritield township, said county, dee'd, will offer for sale at public vendue on the premises, on Thursday the 2d day of June. 18fU, Ht one o'clock p. m., of said day, the following described lot of ground, situate in Leasureville,s»Ud town ship. Beginning on the street, corner of lot No. 13, thence south seventv-one and one half degrees, west seven per ches to a Black oak in line of W. lletselgesser'a heirs— thonce along same, south two and one half degrees, east twenty-two perches to a post, thence north twenty and one half degrees, wist six perches to a poet, thence by lot No. 13, north two and one fourth degrees, west twenty two and one half perches to place of beginning: contain ing one hundred and forty-two perches, on which is erec ted a dwelling house, out buildings Ac. TERMS. —One third of the purchase money in hand, anil the balance in two equal annual pat nients, with in terest from the confirmation of sale by the said Court. ROBERT STEWART, April. 27. _____ Guardian. lit SI.\ESS APVERTISEM'TS. SKW marble: niiop. rpilß undersigned would respectfully Inform the pub -1 lie, that they have opened a new Rlarhle Shop and are now prepared to furnish in superior style, Monuments and Grave Stones, of all descriptions. We will always have on hand a large stock of American and Italian Marble, Nos.l &2. All work made on the shortest notice, and in the latest stylo. Call and examine our stock. Shop on Washington street, near the English Lutheran Chuich, Butler, Fa. JOHN KOFF, CHRISTIAN EYTH. Butler, March 16, l«W::3mo. LANE, M*A HOY & CO. DEALERS IN FORKKIN ANT) ROnivKTlt' IMtY GOOD, Wo. 14 0, Federal Htreet, (BECO*D DOOR BELOW N'EW MARKET HOL'SB.) lIIFKUFII,V City, Pa. Dec. 0. 1863,::tf. MARTIN RFIBF.R OEO. WECKHECKER. STOVES AND PLOUGHS. I lupl mm I \\TECKBECKER A RElßEß.—Fonn —Foundrv North of the bor rough of Bntler, where Stoves, Ploughs first door North of Jack's Uotel, where you will find Stoves of all sixes and patrons. They also keep on hand a large stock of Ploughs, which they sell as cheap as they can be bought at anv other establishment in the county. Dec. 9, lS6B::tf NEW lIAHNEHH HIIOP. |"*P| J3STO- .A.. SBDWIOKI, HAVING opened a new Harness Shop, opposite Boyd's Buildings, Butler, Fa., will keep constantly on hand, a large assortment of Saddles, Harness, and every thing in nis lino of business, which he offers at prices to snit the times. Work of all kinds manufactured to order, and repairing dbne on short notice, Dec. 9,186&::tf JOHN A. SEDWICK. NUHGEON DKNTIHT'S. DRS.S.R.&C. L. DIEFFENBACHER. , —| A RE prepared to insert x\ artificial d entui le s /£ IVfjT, A on the latest improve rj //I, merit from ono to an en- Mr®"®* on Vulcanite, Coral ' ' . .T " vEjlp themselves of the latest improvements in dentis of Vulcanite and Corallte ■ —- work. Filling, cleaning, extracting and adjusting the teeth dono with the b«nt materials and in the best manner. Farticular attention paid to children's teeth. As mechanics, they defy com petition; as operators they rank among the best. Char ges moderate. Advice free of charge. Office — In Boyds Building Jefferson Street, Butler Pa. Dec, tf, 18tt3,::;tf. VOGELEY HOUSE, WILLIAN VOGELEY, Proprietor. THE undersigned would respectfully inform the public generally, that he has erected a large and commodi ous brick building, on the site of the old and well known house, formerly occupied by him as a Tavern Stand. Ho has been at great expense in erecting and famishing his new house, and flatters himself that he is now prepared to late ail who may deeire to give him « « «iI Having ample house room for one hundred persons, and stabling for at Ivaet fifty horses. Thanafnl for past patronage, he would ask a continu ance of the snme. WM. VOGELEY Dec. 9,lBCS::tf. HAVE YOU SEEN THIS? -r -r fill! a subscriber, grate /? ak Jl ft»l to his old friends ■* v_ - ' a V--t pjr arid customers for past P u^c thathe has i At his old Stand, where C 1m) ready - times to serve thoee who may favor him with a call, ne Is constantly manufacturing, and keepseahand 1 the very best assortment of TRUNKS. All work warranted. Repairing done on the shortest notice and most favorable tesins. Dec. 9, 1863. J. J. BEDWTCK. Watehes,€ioeks & Jewelry. IF you want a good Watch, Clock, or set of good Jewel* rv, go to Qrieba where you can get the very best the market affords. He keeps on hand, a large assortment of Jewelry of all styles, and in fact everything usually kept in a Jewelry Store. Repairing done on short notice. Pec. 9, FRANCI® X .tRIEB MISCELLANEOUS NOTICES. RURAL HILL NURSERY, NEAR HITLER. PA. mnE undersigned would respectfully inform the public X. generalhr, that he is now fully prepared to furni-h them with the choicest variety and very best quality of all kinds of fruit trees. During the last summer be has made large additions to his stock of Fruit and Ornamen tal trees; and has on hand a larger and better quality and variety than has ever been offered in this county. Con sisting of SUMMER, WINTER & FALL APPLES. PEACHKS PEARS AND CHERRIES, also, STRAW BERRIES of the very finest quality—different kinds of Rheubarb. A Splendid lot of Evergreens and a great • variety of Fmmis- nous trees for ornament and shades.— All of which, we propose to sell on as reasonable teiins, as the same quality and varieties can be had for, from any agency or establishment in the country. Jan. 0, I«*4. SILAS FEAK< E A SONS. R. G. SH ARP, FRUIT & ORNAMENTAL TREES. " W F r< 'P nr, *d to fill orders for the Spring ■™ r, i - ' ,K " SIZE AND SYMMETRY Ills trees will stand the test with those of the littt JVttf seriet in the Union. He engages to deliver them In proper season, and iu GOOD OH I)EH. All that Is necessary to ensure them to grow thriftily, nud bear abundantly in a few seaaoifr Is PROI'IIR PLAJfTIStI. Within the past two yeors, he has sold in this county THOUSANDS OF TREES of every description; nearly all of which are now iu a thriving condition. Some of his Dwarf Appier, and Fears were this year L OA DEI) 117 TH Ll'CIOl 'S Fit 11T. It costs but little to start a new orchard, while in a few years it is the most profitable spot on the farm. It will pay to cut off the old orchards of common fruit, and re place them with choice selections from the Nursery.— In a few years nfler, a« the farmer looks upon his thrifty trees,burdened down with blushing frtiit,applesaslarge as Tin Gups. lie will say to himself with a self satisfied expression of countenance, "Pre,made ono good investment in my life, any how." For particulars, sddress, R. C. SHARP, Butler. Fa. The following well known gentlemen, have kindly per mitted him to refer to them, as to his reliability as well as the quality of the troes : Judge Stephenson, Centrerllle; John T. Bard, Ccntre ville": John FJsor,Worth tp.;John Bingham, Sllpperyrock; Wm. M'Cafferty, Fairview tp.; Wm. Megary, Fairview tp; Ab'm. Zeigler, Ilenry F. Muntr. Harmony; Col. A. Lowrv, E. M'Junkln.Cap. Jacob Zeigler. I. J. Cuminlngs, Butler; John Green. John M'Oreay, Coylavllle, Ilenry Buhl, For ward township. Dec. *23, 3::in. \ IEiIAP DRUG NTOKE. I>r. JameH 11. Ilell, Boyd's Building. Bntler, Pa. fo DEALER in all kindsof Drugs and Chemicals Oils. Faints and Varnish. Also, Benzole, Tar Also, all kinds of Brushes. All kinds of Jbi a"?,iV flii'|. l'hnelitV ol"' "riea, Tabacco Also, a full assortment of Confectioneries and Nuts. Also Oreen and Dried fruit. Also a great variety of notions. Liquors of all kinds for Medical and Sacri menial purposes. Also Stationery, consisting of Paper, Envelops, pens' Pencils, Blank Books, pass Book, 81ates and a full assortment of Shoe-findings. If von wish to purchase fine glass ware of any kind this is the place to get it eheap. REDICK'S DRUG STORE, Opposite Wine's Ntore. 1 DRUGS, DRUGS, DRUGS, MEDICINES, MEDICINES, MHDICIN ES, MEDICINES, MEDICI N HH, M EDICIN ES, DYES, DYES, DYES, PAINTS, PAINTS PAINTS, l»nre Liquors for Medical use only. Soda. Cream Tarter etc. etc. French and American Perfumery, and Toilet articles Brushes, Trusses and all articles in the Drug line, of the best quality and at fairest rates. Dec. 9, 1863. lOHPOItHM OF FA Sll IOH, ON MA l \ HTIIEET, Opposite Boyd's Buildings, Butler. milE undersigned would respectfully inform his old I friends and the public generally, that he is constant ly in receipt of the very latest Fashions, and is fully pre- ! pared at all times to execute all kinds of work in his line ! of business in a neat and workmanlike manner, and will be happy to attend to nil who may give him a call. A.N. McCANDLKSS. Jan. 6, lSfU:::tf nsroTioiEL \TT"M. S. A A. G. BOYD, having "old out their entire W stock of goods to George Welter and Adam Trout man, do reccommend our customers to give them their patronage.as we feel confident they will do all in their power to give satisfaction. All persons who know themselves Indebted In any way to the undersigned, will please call and settle their accounts and lift their notes. Office in Boyd's Buildings. March 21.18A4:£m0. WM. S. AA. G. BOYD. JACK'S HOTEL. F. H. MAGEE, Proprietor. Corner of Main and Jefferson trrets, lintler. Pa. March 16,1WU. 1% am U ■ |»«~ar-. THE undersigned would respectfully inform the pnhlic, that he has just received from the East, a large and splendid assortment of Wall I K iprr, of the most fitshiona ble figures and latest styles. Prices ranging from 10 to 26cts., to suit purchasers. 11. C. HEINEMAN. March H, 1804. PROFKNSIOITALCA RUN. wTfiTfiTMiiEir Attorney and Counsellor at Law, 4 IT"ILL. with the least |io*uh!e delay, attend to all bu \V siness entrusted to his care. COLLBCTIoxs prompt ' ly made. Also, General Agent for the Bntler County Mu tual Fire Insurance Company. Office with John M. Thompson, Esq,, nearly opposite the post Office, Main Bt., ' BI TLSR, PA, [April 13, l*«4::tf. R. M. M'LURE, Attorney at Law, PENSION AND CLAIM AGENT. Ornca, N. E. corner of Diamond, Butler, Pa. Feb. 3, 1864::tf. J. D. M'JUNKIN, Attorney at Law. Almo E.ieelined Claim A^ent, Office with E. M'Junkin. Esq., opposite the Pennsyl vania Hotel, Butler, Pa. CHARLES MoCA*bI.BBS Hoob C. GRAHAM.. McCANDLESS &. GRAHAM, Attorney's nt Law. Office on the South-west corner of the Diamond, Butler. Pa Also, CLAIM AGENTS for securing Ann Vms, of IXiy and Bounty Mmtjfy f<»r Soildiers, or if Ihey are dead, tor their legal representatives. In prosecuting Sol dier's Claims, or those of their Repreventati vee, no chai until collect« OX COMMISSION. Office on Main Street, opposite the Post Office, Butler. Dec.®, 18C3.:::3ni A. M. NEYMAN, M. D. Physician and Hurtfcon. Office immediately opposite Walker's buildings. Duller Pa. Doc.O, 1863;:tf IMPOItTAWT MOTIfES. NOTICE TO FABMEBS! riIHR subscriber reepectfblly informs the cltlsens of J. Butler County, and the public generally, that he is prepared to remove Ring Bone and Bone Spavin, with one airtight application, in from Six to Nine days, without injuring the Horse the leant. The subscriber will also sell TOWNSHIP lUGIITS for the cure of the above diseases, for which a Copy Right The Medicine is entirely wife—effectually removing the Ring Rone and Spavin, while it will uot injure the Ilorne in any parficnbir. Person* calling on the undersigned will be shown hor ses that have been permanently cured bv this application. WM VOGELEY. Butler. March 9. HMlrtf. Fiirm for Halo. mnß subscriber offers f.j sale, his farm situate in Penn I tp., seven miles south ol : utl r. containing 41 acre and 27 perches: :t » acres I which are cleared, under good improvement and in.l high s:ate of cultivation, h acres of good meadow. A good two story, hewed log house, IK by 20 ft., a good log barn,32 by 08 ft., and a frams spriughouse thereon envted, A young and excel lent fruit bearing ore hard: 1-acres of excellent timber, and 3 never failing springs. Exwlleut land to tlx- a mount of *JOB acres adjoining the above Is for sale. April 27th. WM MARSHALL. COUNTRY MERCHANTS, CALL AT lleiiiemaiiN Rook Store, And buy OSGOOD'S Serricsof Pchi*»f ifvoks at Pnbliseers prlcer. Always on hand, a full supply of Stationery and Envelops, at wholesale and retail, cheap for cash. Call and examine beforo purchasing elsewhere. No trouble to show Hoods. Dec. 9, 1803::tf. Auditor's So(ir the early and endu ring adjustment of our National district!'>ns.The Tribune leaves the time, the nature and the e..millions ol that ad justment implicitly to those lawfully in authority, con- I tiding in their wisdom arid patriotism, anxious to aid ; them to the utmost in their arduous resp. nihilities and 1 not to embarrass tliem even by possibility. Firmly be ! lievlng in the Apostolic rule—'-First pure Men peucea ; Idc"—holding that the total and final extirpation of Sla very is the true and only absolute cure for our National ill-—that any expedient that stops short of this can have but a transient and illusory -access—we yet pro pound no theory of "reconstruction" and indorse none that has been propoundad bv another —neither Sum ner's. nor Whiting"-, nor any of the various Copperhead devices for Achieving "Peace" by surrounding the Re public into the power of its traitorous foes—but, exhor ting. the American People to have faith in their Govern ment, to re-enforce their armies and replenish their treas ury, we believe that, if they but do their duty, a benign Providence will indue time, bring this fearful struggle to such a close as will best subserve the true greatness of onr country and the permanent well-being of mankind. 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