VOLUME 1.
The American Citizen.
T8 published every We.lne*d iv in the l}>rotwh of Butl*r,
'by Hmiiiv-on A C. H. WOERS >N •t.iT'Mniii street,
'opp wife t» .lack « II 't«:l—up Nt'tir* in the brick
wine It occupied l>y i-.li Yetter. a* a «tnre
T :rmi:—V 50 h ye «r. if p ii<l in adv inor within the
Gr.it nix rn .ntln: «»r if n-«t p lid until after the expira
tion «»f the nix m -nth*.
R vtbs or A Mr :kriMNo: —One •quire non., (ten linen or
le-H. > three in<»*rti'>n* SIOO
Hiverv -oilMequent insertion, per nquire, 25 ciMi
ciMi 112 10 lines «»r le« 112 >r one year, inclu
ding pipwr ft 00
VI column 112 «r nit inwMn v 7 00
f»rone yeir .... 12 00
column 112 «r nix m'*nth* '* 13 00
• column f»r one y* ... 25 00
1 column J »r «ix month* 25 00
1 c 4nmn f«r one y«v -S®
Resignation of Speaker Penney.
The tact that Mr. Penney, on the#th
instant, resigne 1 the Speakership of the
Pcnrnylvan'a Sena'e. and that he was iin
me liately re electe Lwas communicated to 1
our readers at the time by telegraph from
Ilarrisburg. The object of tU it resigna
tion wis. tosh .w to-the country that the j
I'n'on party of the Sta*e could afford to
wive i question of piece lent, an 1 even
of law. in >r Ic ' that the w irk of legisla
tion, wh'eh hid so lon/been doJayel*by
the fictiomnew of ihe 0 ippe heid Sena
tors. nigh' be un lerfaken an 1 expedite 1.
We hive just receive 1 Mr. I'enney's
spec.-h on the occasion of his resignation
of the S, e.ike -h p, and at once lay it be
f' iTb our rei to*s. It c >nta tn a mum* of
all the fa ts inv ilve.l in the Lipg coutro- |
versy vith wh eh h'< name will always be
ass ic'ate I.— J't/ts. (hrj-ttr.
The SPKAK.RU. The Cli ur asks leave
•of ihe Se:ri:C to make a person il explans
tiifn. ■*
Leave eing granted,
The S 4 ie iker continued : Fi 1.t.0w SEN
ATORS : At the last session, by the parti
ality of tho Sen itc. I was electe 1 to fill the
clnir of the Spc ikcr. Since that time I |
hive en le ivore 1 to discharge its duties
with n conscientious regard to the oath hat
I toik when I assume J tlie office. If I
hive fuilel in that en leav.ir, it has not
been a failure resulting from any in'ention
to wrest from any member on the floor a
single privilege to which he is by rsht en
title 1.1 have continue I to discharge
those duties during the present session;
an 1 allb nigh during the discussion on the
question of organ;/, ition, I have listened
to many things that perhaps appeared
h irsh toward myself personally, yet I have
received n i discourtesy from any member
of which I have to complain. As I have'
thus far sat a silent listener to the discus
sions regarding organization, it is perhaps
proper that I should define at this time
the cxict position tli.it 1 have occupied
during the present session. •
I came here as theSpeakerof the body,
du'y electe 1 and duly qualified; I called
the Sen itc to order, according to the cus
tom and practice of the Senate always. I
believed it to be my duty to act as the
Speaker of the Senate in its organization;
I bclicvfe I it to be.uiy duty when the Sen
ate w is orguiize 1 to continue to act as its
Speiker until my successor was.electe 1.
Ia I >;itel tint opinion «112 duty under
the obligations of my oath With mt con
sultation with any one. and I may say, in
jmtifi.Mtion of myself, tint that opinion
wiin it taken up m impulse, or upon any
party v'e .v of the c'renin stands un lev
wli'tdi /lie Sen ite was about to meet. I
hive ha 1n i myv v'e .vs on that questing
I hive always believe 1 that under the
Cou.stitu ion. the Senate was a permanent
orginizition. made so by the Constitution,
-an 1 necessarily so for the permanency and
pe-petu'ty of the <! ivcrnment. When I
took the >f offue I assume 1 its re
sp mobilities Aai >ng th >se fi ling the
.Executive eh lir. in the case of a vacancy
ithe e.
Com'ng into the Sen ile at the com
men moment of this session, clothe 1 by you
w tli the au h irity to act as its Spciker,
swim to discharge tli ise duties that the
Constitution devolve.l upon me. I came
here with the elcirest conviction, which
his not been unsettled by anything that
has transpire I duing the session, and e;m
--11 it be unsettle 1, tint it wis tjiy duty to
preside until the Senate by itsehoiceelect
,el sonic one to take my place. I believe
that without that construction of 4he Con
stitution. the proflsion that in ikesthe Sen
ate a permanent body, with jwj-t birds ot
its members always in offioc aiul i|iiabfied
,to act, would be but a farce, an 1 that the
mere accident that has occurred this ses
sion, for a time depriving oue district of
its representation and the consequent fail
ure tj ch use a S.ieikar, might leave the
State completely disorganized, without a
Governor, with >itt a Senate, and without
authority anywhere to fill any vacancy that
might occur."
I'ermit me to review the position of af
fairs at the commencement of the present
session. The national Government was
still engage J in the fearful struggle with
citizens an 1 States that had dritted into
rebellion, upon the false idea that the Gov
ernment ha I n J power to protect and pre
se ve itsel. from dUuolntiqy. It was call
i g upon an 1 douun ling the steady, firm
uui eue.get.ic support of the Government
AMERK AX. CITIZEN.
I of every loyal State, and of every patri
| otic citizen. This great Commonwealth
had just passed through a heated politic
al contest, resulting in the choice of a
'chief Executive officer, abundantly pledg
' ed to an untiring support of the Govern
ment and the war. With a majority in
I both branches of the Legislature, holding
j the same political views, the fortunes of
; war had placed the gallant and patriotic'
! Senator from Indi ina (Major White) in
the hands ot the enemy, a
depriving the people of the State of the
power to carry out their expressed ffill in
the Senate. The constitution required
i the returns of the elections to be opened
1 and published by the Speaker of the Sen
ate; the Governor was to be inaugurated,
an 1 all the machinery of legislation tube"
putin motion.
I'n ler these circumstances, an 1 with
the clearest convictions of my duty, 1
ciine to the Senate wi.h >ut anticipating
the slighte ■UI i(Terence of opinion anions |
Senators upon that question. I knew,
however, that political parties were eve*
ly balanced in the Sen I'e. and 1^ id an
ticipafe a con'est in thee'ectioh of Speak
er, wh'eh might be protracted, unless the
expressed will of a lnaj irityof the people
was disregarde I; an 1 I wml 1 have con
sidere 1 it a plain disregard of duty, if 1
hid left the office vacant duing such a
contest, at such a time.
AI \v iys acknowle lging the light of the
Senate to choose its presidingofficerat the
commencement of the session, if it shall
.so 'determine, an 1 always ready most cheer
fully to yield my place to any successor
that might be so chosen, 1 assumed thcTe
sponsibility of retaining my position in
the chair, and discharging its duties, and
1 am perfectly w.llingnow to bear the re
sponsibility of
which had prevailed for years in the Sen
ate, in this respect, that I did not step out
of the Chair when the motion was made
to proceed to the election of a Speaker.
I remained in the Chair and put the mo
tion myself, when the practice had been«
for the Speaker to retire from the Chair
and allow the Clerk to put the motion.
My own view of that practice is that it
was never anything more than an act of
false delicacy on the part of the Speaker to
avoid putting a question in which he was
generally interested, and that lie could
have resumed the chair at any time upotj
a failure to elect, and continue to discharge
all the duties of Speaker—and 1 have
simply to say that 1 disregard the prac
tice, which 1 considered purely personal
to myself. Some Senators, however, pre
fer to regard this practice of leaving.the
chair as a resignation of fhe office. If
this be the true construction of the prac
tice, then uiy only reply to those who op
pose my position is, that, (as I said belore.)
under the circumstances we were placed,
1 believed it my duty not to resign and
leave the office vacant during the contest,
thus subjecting the State to the liability
as be'ng comp'etcly disorgan zed, bothjn
its legislative an 1 executive departments,
and in th s vew of the piece lent and
practice, I am equdly willing to take the
res_ o isib lity o; my acts.
' It has been admitted byall. ' hat when the
session commenced 1 wtsclo he J with all
the functions of Speaker, an 1 that, it \va
uiy (lutyti take the eh'a r anl call the
Senate to order; bu: Sen i ors who have
oppose ! me say that when I had rece ve
the returns of the ejection of eleven new
members to the body, (hut muni'-nt alt 1113
official functions cease 1, an J1 was no lon
ger the presiding office 1. because a new el
etueut h id couie into the body which ha .
a right to participate in the elec'.ion. II
such an argument has any force whatever,
it proves too much ; for upon tlutt theory
if the Senate had chosen its officers on the
first day of the session, after the new Sen
ator from Indiana took It's seat, a new elec
tion have been held, because a neir
element had conic into the body, and the
official character of the Speaker ceased.
I have searched in vain for either law or
precedent to establish such a position, and
1 think the argument wholly without
force.
The office of Spcakor erected by the
Constitution, and when once filled in ale
gal manner can only be vacated, as 1 con
ceive, by expiration of the term fixed by
law, by the death or re-ignation of the of
ficer, the expiration of his term as a Sen
ator, or the actioir of the Senate, it de
claring fhe office vacant, or electing a suc
cessor. No law exists limiting; the term
for which the Speaker shall hold the of
fice, and it is not pietended that any of
the other contingencies have yet happen
ed to vacate the office. It seems to me,
therefore, that fttere can bo no reasonable
ground to assume a vacancy.
I do not intend to pur.-ue the argument
further, I have only to say that i» as
suming the |Kj»ittuti I have taken I have
uo credit to claim other than
"Let us have Faith that Right makes Might; and in that Faith let us, to the end,dare to do our duty as wyjnderstand it"— A. LINCOLN
BUTLER, BUTLER COUNTY, PA., WEDNESDAY, MARCH 23, 1804.
that of havingconscientiously discharged
my duty. I fc:»ve bfcen charged, on the
flfcor of the Senate, with usurping the of
fice, by Senators who have uniformly treat
ed me, personally, with the greatest cour
tesy. All these charges I have treated as
mere declamations —they have not affect
ed me in any way. From tho. commence
ment of the session I endeavored to con
fine myself strictly to the rules of parlia
mentary law, until the rules of the Senate
were adopted, and I have not willing y de
prived any Senator of his rights in my
ruling. The positions which I have as
sumed, anil which have been so firmly and
ably sustained and defended by my friends
on the floor of the Senate, have alaob en
most fully and cheerfully recognized and
en killed by the co-omlinate branch of the
l,c<Pmitnre. by the legal and executive de
partments of the Government.and repeat
edly by a legal majority of this body. I
had hoped that after thee endorsements
had been followed by the additional one
vif the people's votes in fi'ling the vacant,
place in this chamber, and giving the con
stitutional majority necessary for legisla
tion ; and when that majority had, by its
vote determined not to proceed to an elec
tion for Speaker, the ordinary legislation
of the State, which has been so long de
layed, would have been allowed to pro
ceed. But it scours still to be blocked.—
S.nators, under their sworn obligat ons,
see fii to consider that my occupation ot
the chair in the position L have stated is
sufficient warrant for them to vote against
measures to which they profess their as
'sent; they septn to think that sufficient
justification for preventing the ordinary
legislation of tho State from taking its
proper course, and they have the power so
to do, although a minority. Thjtthrows'
the responsibility upon me, nftSßße Sen
ate has determined proceed to any
election. It seems to me tji:it it is no!
my duty to the State longer to remain in
the chair, if Senators so construe their du
ty that it would not be just to the public
interests that I should remain in the chair
if my occupancy of it is made the occa
sion for throwing an impediment in the
way of the legislation of the State, in the
condition in which the country is now
found. Whatever my position may be.
whatever my interests are, whatever my
all such considerations are as
in comparison with the public in
terests.
After a service of almost six years in
the Senate. I may say that I have no wish
or desire personally to be the presiding of
ficer of this Senaic. however much I am
flattered and always would be flattered by
that position. Jf the fact of my occu
pancy of the chair is made an occasion for
fman or any' Senators on this floor to
il'y himself or themselves in an oppo
sition to the ordinary proceedings of this
body, and if, by resigning my office, I can
further the interests-of the public wel
fare, and expedite the legislation of the
Commonwealth, then I think it ny duty to
resign.
With my sincere thanks for the cour
te-y I have received", and without imputing
to any Senators upon the floor of thi.~ Sen
ile any improper motives for the coarse
they have taken. I resign to 3'ou the of
fiee which 1 have held since the close ol
the last session, having t!«e fullest assur
ances that you will not now permit it tore
1 emain vacant by a protracted Contest foi
tuy successor.
S&" Dahlgren's body was boxe 1 up at
Walker on.on Sunday, and bro't to Rich
111 ond, with the object we understand, ol
its positive identification,auil thcestabl sh
nient of the fact of the finding of the in
famous documents upon.it, all of which
has been attested by witnesses.— Richmuwi
Examiner.
Tliis goes to confirm tlic suspicion thai
the special order? said to have been found
on Dahlgren are forgeries. Why shoukl
'he rebel? think it necessary to "establish'
the fact of the'fiuding, unless there were
loubts even among themselves that the
papers were genuine.
tki)~ Major General Stephen A. Ilurl
but. formerly a lawy'er, isa South Carolini
an by birth. lie was one of the first Urig
adier Gcueralsiuade jy the I'resident when
this war broke out, was first assigned to
duty in Missouri, and was relieved by
Gen. Fremont and ordered home; he af
terwards was appointed to the command of
the old Fourth Division, and distinguish
ed himself at Shiloh and the Ilatchie.—
He is the elder Major Geueral in ihe Pc
partuient of the Tennessee, and should
any accident befall. General Sherman,
would, by virtue of his commission, com
mand the Department,and this present ex
pedition.
•
H«3!L,The oavalry which recently
cut tKc rebel communication and made
a dash at Richmond, is now arriving
by transports at Alexandria en route
to tho army of the Potomac.
For the Citizen.
THE BATTLE-FIELD.
hi WM. NEITQERCOAT.
The world haa many a battle-field,
Where soldiers fight for fame;
Where mighty leaders dare not yield,
Lest they might lose a name.
And every soldier wears a sword,
And keep* it burnished bright;
And learns at .his commander's word,
To draw his sword aright.
By daily practice he secures,
Skill in the warrior e art;
Ambition too, hi; soul allures,
To act the Conqueror's part.
But earth haa yet another field,
By fuith's few warriors trod;
Another sword they learn to wield,
It is the word of Ood.
• This is the christian's trusty sword,
By hi 9 Great Captain given;
By it he triumphs with his Lord,
And thus he enters Heaven.
And shall his sword not burnished be? -
Shall runt corrode the blade?
For want of practice shall he floe
When Satan's host invade?
No! dearest Captain fire his heart,
With h<»ly zeal and love:
Then shall he nobly act his part—
With Heavenlv vigor move.
Glade Mlllj. March 12, 18DC
WIT AND WISDOM.
THERE is salutary, censure : and there
is envenomed praise.
LOVE and discretion are sworn foes—
former is nearly always the conqueror.
A YOUNG man's affections are not alway
wrong, but they are generally misplaced.
THE husband, who devoured his wife
with kisses, found afterwards that she dis
agreed with hiui.
IT is said the-"ears" of the kctt os in
which the mule meat was cooked at Vicks
burg have commenced growing.
LET those who wish to see bright stars
>n the darkest night look at the American
flag.
ARTEMUS WARD thinks it a hard tiding
not to have a wife—no gentle heart to get
up in the morning and build a fire.
IF any groat artist wishes to get up a
painting to be called the picture of deso
lation, he had better get the rebel Con
federacy to set for him.
IN polite society the stomach should be
spoken of as " The Bureau of the Inte
rior." The cuphism is required by deli
cacy. says ". McSnob on Etiquette."
TIIE Southern lands are iflud not to be
well adapted to rye. A cotemporary thinks
lliQie are very good grouuds there for
wry faces.
LIGHT PIES. —A certain landlady, it is
said, makes light that her lodg
ers can see togo ftßed without a candle
after eating a moderate Tsized piece.
' " MARRIAGE," said aft unfortunate bus
band, " is the church-yard of love."
" And'you men," replied his wife, "are
the grave diggers."
A COUNTRY editor, praising a success
ful politician, called him " one of the
cleverest fellows that ever lifted a hat to a
lady, or a boot to a blackguard."
A LITTLE boy was asked the other day
if he was a copperhead.
" No," said he, looking down at his
feet, " I'm copper toes."
A CARPENTER took a holliday and went
to llockaway. When he returned home
his friends asked he saw.
"Why," he replied, "I saw the sea,
and now I see a saw."
THE following is sharp : " First party
—'• you'll all come to the gallows some
day."
Second, or addressed party: "yes, the
day you're hanged."
PAT DOOLAN, at Gettysburg, bowed his
head to a cannon ball which whizzed past
six inches above his bearskin.
" Faith," says Pat" " one never loses
anything by pcliteness."
" All Jemmy," said a sympathizing
friend to a nian who was just too late for
>he train, "jtou did not run fast enough."
" Yes, I did," said Jemmy," 1 ran fast
enougji, but I did not start soon enough."
A WAG, upon visiting a medical muse
urn, was shown some dwiyfs and speci
mens of mortality all preserved i*4cohol.
'• Well," said he, " I never thoujht the
dead could be in siftli spirits."
A CAS£ OF MODESTY. —Ay exchange
paper very gravely informs us that a young
man who was recently bathing in the Mis
souri river,.seeing a number of ladies ap
proach, drowned himself from motives of
delicacy.
SQUABBLES, an old bachelor, shoVvs his
stockings, which he had just darned, to
a maiden lady, who contemptuously re
marks, " pretty good for a man darner."
Whereupon squabbles rejoins, " good
enough for a woman, darn her."
A GENTLENAN who was in arrears for
several week's board and lodging, com
plained one morning that his coffee was
not settled.
'• You had better settle for the coffee
ancfr then complain," said the landlady.
A DRUNKK* youth got out of his cal
culation, and wa3 dpzing in the street,
when the bells roused liinl by their ring
ing for firg. ,
"Nine, ten, eleven, twelve, thirteen,
fourteen," cried he. "Well, if this isn't
iatcr than I ever knew it."
(jhlucatioiuit Department.
The Rotation Of the Earth,
DEMONSTRATED BY TIIE I'ENDULU M.
In 1851, the scientific world were much
occupied with discussing the merits of a
new mode of demonstrating the earth's
diurnal revolution, discovered by M. Leon
Foucault, of Paris. Although the very
general interest which his discovery then
elicited, has long stuce given place to the
excitement incident to fresh discoveries,
yet we are confident that some (particu
larly Teachers) may still be interested, if
not benefit, by a repetition of the experi
ment of M. Foucault, and a review of the
itemonstration based upon it.
The simplicity and conclusiveness of
the latter, commend it to all, indeed, who
appreciate the Baconian or inductive meth
od of investigating nature; whilst its
nwrjiunical character renders it invalua
ble to the Teacher or Lecturer, asa means
of ocularly a fact already fully
established by abstract Reasoning, based
upon the known principles of physics.—
These considerations are our justification
for again calling the attention of educa
tors and others to this subject.
The fact underlying said demonstra
tion is, like all important facts in science
simple; inasmuch as to excite considera
ble wonder that it should so long have re
tna'ned unnoticed. It is as follows: A
pendulum so suspended as to move freely
in all directiois, will, if made to vibrate
across a gryduatcd circular table, continu
ally change its path in reference to the
plane over which it is moving; so that in
a certain period, of which flie leifgth is
determined by the latitude of tho place
where the experiment is made, it will.ap
parently have described a complete revo
lution uuouud the circle across which it
has been vibrating; and the devotion will
be uniform for each degree of latitude,,
but its rate will regularly diminish*from
the poles to the exuator, where it be
comes equal toO; whereas the time of otic
complete revolution of the pendulum rcgu
larlp increases from the polos, where it i
-24 hours, to the equator.* where it equals
infinity. Furthermore, the deviation i.-
in opposite directk ns on opposite sides ot'
ilie equator; being, in the 11 >rthcrn hem
sphere, from west to cast, (i.e. in ( lie
rcction of the hands of a watch); an
from east to west in the southern.
The reader may be readily • convince i
<">f the reality of thefe inteiesting phe
nomcna, by instituting the following sini
pie experiment.
From the ceiling of a high room, su
pen a globular weight of about six pounds
by means of a slemler wire, of such lenth
that the weight, at rest, may stand
about one inch above the floor. The wire
should be so attached to the ceiling as not
ty prevent the gyrate ry motion of the
pendulum. Next, describe upon the floor
a circle of convenient dimensions, say from
8 to 16 feet in diameter, having its centre
directly under the point of suspension.—
Divide the circle into a certain number of
equal parts, dy lines passing through the
centre and terminating at both extremi
ties in the circumference; or (which is
better) divide the circumference, or a por
tion of it, into degrees, minutes, etc., num
bering the divisions.
Things being thus arranged, let the ex
perimenter carefully draw the pendulum j
to a convenient point in the circumfer-.j
once. and. by means of a slender thread. 1
fasten it to some object, say or block, stand- j
ing outside the circle. When it has come j
to a state of perfect rest, he may then j
suddenly, but dexterously .sever the thred j
by burning it. The pendulum will, ol
course, descend along one of the diame
ers of the circle, pass over the centre
and terminate in the circumference at a
point opposite to that from which is star
ted. From thence it will apparently re
turn, by the same path, to the same poiut
.»f*rest; but after a few vibrations, it will
become evident that the pendulum con
stantly changes its path In reference to
the circle; always cutting the circumfer
ence on the right of the point of rest to
an observer on the opposite side, and on
the l>Jt of that poiut to an observer on
the same side. With a large circle, ten
minutes of time is sufficient to uhuw a de
viation of several inches; but if the Vi
brations be eountnued without interrup
tion, iu about 30 hours (in our
the pendulum, after having passed suc
cessively over every portion pf the cir
cumference, will move along the fi;st di
ameter again. By this movement—sub
lime, because compelled by the oinnip<-
icnce of Divine law—is chronicled the
hourly motion of the earth upon he. axis.
The theory of theso important phe
nt mena will become apparent, without aw
extended discussion, by attending to the
following brief analysis.
From the very nature of the 112 roe
operating upon it, a pendulum, snspen c
I and set in motion as we have described,
will continue in the suujQ-|Vnii« of vibra
tion, though the point of suspension be.
at the same time, revolving; for when
about to return from an outward excursion
it is influenced by a single force, and can
therefore in but One direction—to
ward the lowest point of its are. Having
reached that point, it has acquired . sufE
c:ent momentum to carry it in the jiame
direction to the opposite point of rest. —
Being here under the influence of the
same force acting in the snme line of di
rection, it must, in reference to absolute
space, return by the same path, although
the point of suspension may, in the mean
time, undergo a revolution.
It is not therefore difficult to conceive
that a pedulum, vibrating at the pole of
ihc earth, will apparently describe a com
plete revolution around the graduated
ble once in 24 hours; for since, in this
case, the axis of the tabic coincides with
that of the earth, if wc suppose the latter
body to have the diurnal myjion usually
ascribed to it, the table will be carried for
ward at the rate of 15. degrees per hour
under the plane vibration ; which, though
fixed in regard to space, appears to re
volve, on the principle of transferred mo
tion.
At the equator, the plane of the table
lies parallel with the earth's axis; h< nee
the latter is at right angles with the axis
of the table; and the only effect of the
diurnal motion (supposing there is one)
will be to carry forward on the circumfer
ence of the great circle, the table, and,
with it, the plane -of. vibration, without
disturbing their positions in relation to
each other and to absolute space. A priori
therefore, we should infer that theie is no
deviation at the equator*
!he case of a pendulum vibrating at
places intermediate between the pole and
the equator, is not susceptible of so easy,
an explanation.. The conditions it under
goes are so numerous and variable as to
render an e.faet conception qf its motions
d.fficult, and a full description of "them in
writing impossible. Nor is it necessary;
for by aid of a terrestrial globe, having a
smaH circular plane of paper marked with
the cardinal points, tangent to the surface
;tt any latitude, (say 45 degrees) the ex
perimenter will be able reidily to show—
First, That the circular t ible and plane
it -u pension always maintain their rcht
'iv positions unchanged during the revo
lution of the sphere ; the poiutof suspen
sion being constantly preserved'vertically
jver the eentre of the table.
Second, That in cionscqucncc of its
rotation arouHtl the axis of the sphere,
the caidinal poiuts of tho table are ever
revolving, in respect to a stationary point
in space; and.
Third, That therefore the plane of vi-
I)ration .-which is necessary fixed.must ap
pear to advance over the table from
'o east, like the hands of a watch when
its face is upwards; although in reality
ihe tab!o moves in .tho opposite direction,
as if turning round its own centre.
In conclusion, wc may be permitted to
remark, that the experiment of Foucault,
illustrating, as it does, one of the mo§t
important topics of primary instruction,
deserves the'careful investigation of the"
teachers in all our public schools; and
should be regarded by tlrcm, not as a.curi
•isity of science, to be turned over to the
management of the moan, but as an im
portant and permanent accession to their
professional recourses, to be hoardod and
u«ed for the credit of the fraternity* as
well as for the benefit of their pupils.
J. B. BEACH.
llow TIIK PRISONERS ARETREATED.—
Four Yankee soldiers, captured in
Tames City County, were brought to this
city and delivered at tlje LibUy,
where they w.ere distributed, as far as
they would go, into the solitary cells of
the Yankee officers captured during the
recent raid. This is a taste of negro
equality, we fancy, the said Yankee offi
cers will not fancy over much.—Rich
mond Whig, March 8. *»
Sfcy Fourteen States have declared
their preference for Mr. Lincoln for Pres
ident, in 1865, as follows: Pennsylvania
' ogislaturc; New Jersey Legislature ;Cal
ifornia Legislature; Ohio Legislature;
Maryland Legislature; Michigan Legis
lature; Kansas Legislature; Rhode Is
land Legislature; Minnesota State Con
vention; lowa State Convention; ludi
ma State Convention ; New Hampshire
State Convention ; Connecticut Stat^Con
vention.
The rebel Hragg is a brother-in
law of Jeff Davis, which aec unto for h g
pot Lion. ''He that provideth not for his
own house hold is worse than an infidel."
Davis is acting on scriptural authority.
ftafAuioricus (ieorgia, where our pris
j oners are to be kept, is said to be a healthy
j md pleasant place in a fertile region, and
i its inhabitants voted a-.iimt secession by
' i'JU majority. .
NUMBER 15.
BiaS"" Gen. Halleck's status is no longer
a matter of doubt, writes a correspondent.
He reported on Friday to Gen. Grant for
orders, and was assigned to special duty
here Gens. Mead aud Ingalls came here
with Gen. Grant from the Army of the
Potomac. a
t&r A St. Louis letter says :—lt would
swell the loyal hearts of your readers to
see the immense quantities of provisions
aud quartermasters' stores now going for
ward from this city to General Grant's
department. A dozen steamers leave here
every day carrying government freight as
rapidly as it can be put on board by our
teamsters and laborers. Reports
from Chicago, Cincinnati, and Louisville
indicate thq same extraordinary activity
at those points in tho shipment of sup
plies for .rant. When the armies of tho
nation advance into the heart of the Con
federacy there will be no waiting for sup
plies.
A HlNT. —Taken in connection with
the nomination of Fremont as the
Democratic candidate for the Presi
dency, by the following from the
Volksfreund read tho following from
the New York Herald of Friday last:
"Now, unless the fortunes of war
shall yet bring General Grant in the
foreground and leave "Old Abe" in
the background; the best thing that
tho broken-up Democracy can do is to
fuse with the Fremont party. Why
not ? Why stick upon Democratic
pynciples and prejudices when they
havo had their day and beeome obso
lete ideas? Why not take a new de
parture, nnd strike ahead of the Ad
ministration on this modern idea of
universal libertyby adoptingthe Fre
mont platform and Fremont as their
candidate.
An oflieial report from tho Pro
vost Marshal General gives the number
of enlistments in tho United Sta.tos be
tween January 1, 1863, and February 22,
1864. as follows :
From January 1 to NOT. 1, IMS ftR.OOO
From Nvembor 1,1863, to Jan, 81, 18f4 110,OJO
From January 31 to Feb 23.18fi4.. 90 JOO
Add product of the draft of 1863 4*,000
Add deserters returned 2' ,000
Invalid corps...: 2f .000
he-enlisted retorans .100,000
Add black troopa 7C,000
Total 631,000
#®~ Some of the old established banks
in the Atlantic cities, which have in years
past realised large profits from Govern
ment business, are quite indignant about
the creation of the new National llanks,
and are waging a petty warfare upon them,
by •' hiowing out" their notes and checks
upon them.
eST" Mr. S. S. Cox is reported to indig
nantly deny the truth of the New York
I/crald's recent story thatTJeneral MoClfil
lan was. unwilling to be a candidate for tho
Presidency The Herald seems to have
no faith in tho story for it has dropped its
advocacy of Gen. Grant and returned to
the support of McClellan.
S® 1- It is said that tho King of the
Belgians, has strangely advised the Prin
cess Charlotte not to accompany her hus
band, the Archduke Maximilian, to Mex
ico, but to follow hi in when he has smooth
ed down the difficulties attendant on his
taking possession of his empire.
tST Stoves made of soapstone have been
introduced in' Quebec. They are said to
throw out a mellower and more uniform
heat than iron.- The material of which
they are made is very abundant in the
mineral region south of the St. Lawrence.
IST" The South Eaitern (Eng.) Gazette
states that two steam vessels, the Garland
and the Jupiter, lately belonging to the
London, (Jhatham and Dover Railway
Company, have been purchased for the
Confederate States of America.
UfSF In a recent letter frpm West Vir
ginia to his father, Col. Mulligan writes :
'• I am not now, and have never been a
member of the Kenian Brotherhood. Ido *
not now indorse, and have never indorsed,
this association."
BQJ- The Richmond War Department
has set on foot measures to conscript 20.-
000 negroes for work on the fortifications
at Richmond and elsewhere. Barbers,
waiters and other colored persons atßich
ni'imt* who do not feel themselves equal
to being " field hands," are moving into
our lines to avoid this conscription.
CRACKERS. —One pint of water,
one tea cup of butter, one tea spoon
full of soda, two of crcain tartar, flour
enough to make us stiff as biscuit.
Let them stand in the oven until dried
through. They do not need pound
ing-
fc<r If your sister, while engaged with
her sweet heart, asks you to bring a glass
of water from an adjoining room, start on
the errand, but you need not return.—
You will not be missed. Don't forget •
this little boys.
gQu Strawberry Plains, Tennessee, from
which place Longstreet has just retreat
ed, boasts a " college" alias a substantial
brick district school house, and about a
dozen straggling houses perched on a very
pretty bluff, arouud which the swift, nar
now Holston sweeps in a graceful curve.