VOLUME 1. THE AMERICAN CITIZEN, IS pfttdlslred every Wedneaikjr hi theborowgh <»T Butler, BY THO*M ROBISSONA C. K. AMDERBOX oil Main street, •9pp<>rf/te to k's Hotel ■ -oflce up stairs in the brick •ormerl.r occupied by Ri Yetter, a* n store TKRMS:—SI 50 a year, if paiu< lee N I did not think likely he would l»< amo tor of the •iospcl He had not li wever, the least ,ir, iiw ; ii, . r .vii ever. On the contrary In ifu the very pattern of vir •ue and...d -»v T •'••aid not help loving mm. so much uid be captivate uie by his, jentlenunly conduct, an 1 extraordinary proyi-.-; It w;.s easy, to .ee that he would some day raise, himself to eminence. While under my instruction, 1 discovered .is early L-'nius for poetic composition, in the following manner. When the Greek ■class read the account that Heroditus gives of the bravery of Miltiade- and his ten thousand Greeks at the battle of Mar athon, it raised his patriotic feelings to en thusiasm, and drew from him expressions that I thought were embodied, a few days afterward, in some well written verses in a Charleston paper, on that far-famed, un equal, but successful conflict against tyr anny and oppression; and suspecting my talented scholar to be the author, I went to his desk and asked him if he ci 1 not w i'e them; and hesitatingly at first, rather iblus&iiftigly confessed he did. I then said •" I knew yo« eould do such things, and .suppose you have some such pieces by you which I would like to see. Do you bring .them to me." He consented and in a day .or two brought me a number which I read with pleasure and admiration at the strong .marks of genius stamped on all, but here and there requiring, as I thought, a very slight amendment. " I hud a hired mathematician to teach 'both him and myself, (for I could not ta>ach that science,) and in this he also made such wonderful progress that at the *.'U(l of a year he entered the Junior class in Charleston College triumphantly, while -others who bad been studying four yearn •or more, were oMtgd to tak< tlvc P<*pfeo- AMERICAN CITIZEN. more clang. About the year 1828 I left Charleston. After that he taught mathe matics for some time. Ilia career afterward has been one of heroic adventure, of hair breadth escapes by flood and field, and of scientific explorations, which have made him world-wide renowed. In a letter I received from him very jately, he express ed his gratitude to me in the following words: — 1 1 am very far from either for getting you or neglecting you, or in any way losing the regard I had for you.— There is no time to which I look back with more plea-ure than that spent with you. for there was no time so thoroughly well spent, and of anything I have learned I remember nothing so well and so distinct ly as what 1 acquired with you.' Here I cannot help saying that the merit was al most all his own. It is true that I en couraged an- "112 Mix />•">' nmf grmriny Rcpv.U" My prayer is that he way cvqv be opposed to war, injni- «i and oppres sion .1 every kind, a blessing to bis coun try. and an example of every noble vir tue to the whole world." Advertising—Put Out the Bush. It seems very singular that there are so few business men who understand how to advertise their business as they ought to, and who content themselves with letting people guess at what they have, while they might so easily make it known all over, and while they go often to great expense for what does not make their business known to any extent. • » Merchants will often get up a sign at a cost of one or two hundred dollars, that will scarcely be looked at all, often one that is hidden by an awning, or placed al most out of sight, and that, at the best does not attract the attention of half-a dozen people daily, while the same sum judiciously expended in advertising, would attract more attention, draw more custom ers, than fifty such signs. There are many who rely upon the old saying that "good wine needs no bush." This is and ever was a mistake. A bush before a door used to be a sign for the sale of wine, and though it is true enough that when a vinter had in olden times jjftt up his reputation, he was otherwise known than by the advertisement of the bush, yet ho had need of the bush to gain his reputation, and still needed it for all chance custom. In the present day, and in this country all is changing, a new face shows itself in every store a dozen times a day, and to the new man you may sell just the thing he conies for, but it is more than probable you have a good many other things he wants, though he does not know it, aud you cannot tell every man who comes just what you have, or guess just what he wants. You advertise, in the newspapers, it iH tnie. but you advertise groceries, or dry goods, or hardware of various kinds. If a customer whose tastes you know, comes in, you, will show him.a new or fresh ar ticle. that you think he likes, and the chauce.- art; he a purchaser.- He knew that you had an assortment in your line generally, that you had what is called "all kinds," but he did not know that this \VM .in HI- th i' all kinds, or if he did, he did not tiiink of it -uitil you it, and then he wanted it. Well, would it not be better to tell it all at once, as you can through a paper ! You pay a great rent, gladly too, for a good stand, that is for one where people can pass, and see what you have. A less expense will send more to you *ho will know what you have. You do advertise?, perhaps. You ad vertise in your own paper. All right, but why not in others ? You want to sell to your political opponents, don t you ? Of course; th#n tell them, too, what you have. Men sefdoni buy of you on account of your politics, they buy because you have what they want, and sell for what they are willing to pay. But when you advertiso, don't merely advertiso things generally. That you have them people generally know. Say what the things are, that you recommend them boeause good, or cheap, or rare, or for some reason. A great many people don't know what they want to buy, but you know what you want to sell. Let others know it too.— Milwaukee News. ®oT In one of our seminaries, the oth er day, a little boy appeared before his teacher with his lesson unlearned. On be ing uxked the reason, the little fellow, with great naivete, replied, " Mamma wasn't in last night, and the cook's spectacles were too small to take in the big word*.'' " Let us have Faith that Right makes Might; and in that Faith let us, to the end,dare tojo our duty as we understand it"-A LINCOLN. BUTLER, BUTLER COUNTY, PA., WEDNESDAY, FEBRUARY 10, 1864. Taking up a Collection. Rarely have we beard a better story or a better told story thau this, from a rever end gentleman in Missouri: The life of a preacher in a new coun try. from a secular point of view,ishard lv as smooth and free from difficulty as a position in more cultivated and populous communities appear to be. The people are thinly scattered here and there, engag ed in different pursuits, though chiefly agricultural. Being collected from all parts of the older States, and gathered from every class of society, they meet up on the same common ground, upon terms of easy familiarity, and .restrained by no irksome conventionalities. People in a new country generally have a pretty hard time of it. They live a sort of "rough and tumble" life, wearing out their best efforts in a struggle for existence. Under these circumstances the material some times absorbs completely the spiritual; and the people not unfrequently ''get so far behind" with the preacher, they" have to Ve powerfully " stirred up," from the pulpit. On one occasion we had a visit from the presiding elder of our district at one of our quarterly meetings. We had not paii! our j i eaehcr "nary dime" as the boys say. and we expected a scorcher from the elder. Well, we were not disappointed. He preached us a moving discourse from the text "MJC owe no man anything. At the close of the sermon, he came at once to the subject in hand. " Brethren,"• said he,"have you paid Brother anything this year? Noth ing at all, I understand. AVell, now your preacher can't live on air, and you must pay up —pay up, that's the idea. He needs twenty-five dollars now, and must have it! Steward, we'll take up a collec tion now." Here someof the audience nearthe door began to slide out. " Don't run ! don't run !" exclaimed the elder "Steward, lock that door, and fetch me the key 1" he continued, coming down out of the pulpit and taking his seat by the stand table in front. The Steward locked the door, and then deposited the key on the table by the side of the elder. " Now, Steward," said he 1 "go round with the hat. I must have twenty-five dollars before you leave the house." Here was a "fix." The eongrcgation were taken aU aback. The oik folks look ed astonished ; the young folks tittered.— The Steward gravely proceeded in the dis charge of his official duties. The hat was passed around, and at length deposited 011 the elder's table.— The elder poured "the funds" on the ta ble, and counted the amount. " Three dollars and a half!" A slow start, brethren ! Go around again, Stew ard. We must pull up a heap stronger than that!" Around went'the Steward with his hat again, and finally pulled up at the elder's stand. " Nine dollars and three quarters. Not enough yet. Go round again, Steward." Around goes the Steward the third " Twelve dollars and a half!— Mighty slow, brethren ? "Fraid your dinners will all get cold before you get home to eat them ! Go round again, Steward !" By this time the audience began to be fidgety. They evidently thought the joke was getting to be serious. But the elder was relentless. Again and again circula ted the indefatigable hat. and slowly but •irely, the pile" mi the table swelled to ward the requisite amount. " Twenty-four dollars and a half. Only lack half a dollar. Go round again. Stew ard." Just then there was a tap on the win dow from the outside ; a hand was thrust iIP holding a half dollar between a thumb and finger, and a young fellow outside ex claimed : " Here, Parson, here's your money. — Let my gal out o' there ! I'm tired of waiting fos her." It was '-the last hair that broke the camels back," and-the preacher could ex claim in the language of Ike Turile, '-This 'ere meetin is done." STRAY SHOT. —There is no adhesivela bcl like a nick-name!— Waiting for dead men's shoes is, in most measures, a boot less affair! Ladies generally shop in couples. When a lady has any money to spend, she dearly loves to take a friend with her to see herspeud it! The num ber of poor poets is, if anything, greater than the number of poets who are poor! Bad words, like bad shillings, are oft en brought home to the person who has uttered them ! Life, we are told, is a journey; and, to see the way in wliich some people, eat, you would iiaagiue they were taking in provisions to last them the whole of the journey! For the Citizen. | THE BURIAL OF ALARIC THE VISIGOTH. The evening dew was gathering damp, The flam** was flickering in the lamp, When In the rude barbarian's camp. Did Mors come unsolicited. For at the middle watch of night, When heaven, with stars was spangled bright, And Cynthia cast her sombre light— Alaric died convulsively. They dressed him in silken eown; They stretched him on a bed of down— Upon his brow they placed a crown, And sang for him a requiem. The captive ranked In dread arrav, Stood trembling at the break of day, Beside the stream that rolled away Forward to the sea triumphantly. Th*n came the fiery Gothic braves, And cried, wade in Roman slaves, And backward turu the turbid waves Of river Busentinus. With sack* of sand and massive stone's, Beneath which weight each captive groans, In middle stroarn with sighs and moans, They formed a great triangle, That curbed the turbid waters might; That tunied it to the left and right, And sent it in its giddy flight, In sister streams voluptuously. Then in the ape* of the cone Thus formed, they hewed in solid stone A sepulchre, and one alone, To hold the mighty conqueror. Whose powerful arm! did once create, A terror in the Roman State; A breach that none could renovate, Save Death's own idiosyncrasy. Then to the tomb they slowly wound Their way o'er that first trodden ground, While Roman hills gave back the sound Of their strange mohrnful melody. They laid his body in it* grave, And piled theirgold upon the bravo. An offering to the wolcome wave, And to the Gothic deity. The train from out the channel drew. And bade Hie trembling captive crew Their work of toil and pain undo, And give the wave its liberty. Then worked they all with horror rife— The breaking waves dashed o'er in strife, And wended tnany*a precious life. Adown to dark oblivion. And those who reached the shore again, By thirsty vis'goth blades were slain; Tney spilt their bl«»od like April rain, To keop that tomb a secrecy. In secrecy OM dark ns night It rests, far never yet to light, Has beeu bro't the chosen eite Of fierce Alaric's sepulchro. Penn tp., Jan. 1,1864 L W. WIT AID WISDOW. PLAYED OUT. —Driving the Republican party from power. W HAT cravat would nicely fit on South ern necks-or-nothings? Russia hemp. A SICK cobbler must be regarded as be ing well when ho begins to mend. CROTCHETS are very well in a music box, but bad" in people's heads. OK all the dlist thrown in men's eyes, gold dust is the most blinding. WHAT do we often drop, yet never stoop to pick up ? A hint. . POETRY aud consumption are the most flattering of diseases. THE paper containing many fine points —the paper of pins. WHAT are excellent overcoats for stor my weather? Cos-sacks. " JUST let me. catch you at it," as the man said to the mouse when ho had set the trap. THOSE who, before a glass, look most at themselves, arc apt to know least of themselves. " I'D just like to see you," as the blind man said to the policeman when he told him he would take him to the station house if he did not move on. " MAN,"says Adam Smith, " is an ani mal that makes bargains. No other ani mal does this; no dog exchanges bones with another." AN old lady, being at a loss for a pin cushion, made one of an onion. On the following morning she found that all the needles had tears in their eyes. A CERTAIN sign board has the following classical inscription : —" All persons found fyghteing or trespussing on this ground will be executed with the utmost wigger of the law." THERE are many people who cannot get rid of the notion that they have a private property in truth, with the right to fence Tt in and put up a signboard- warning all trespassers from the ground. WHEN you see a gentleman at mid night, sitting on the stoop in front of his house, combing his hair with the door scraper. then you may conclude that he has been out to some evening party. A BIBLE and a good newspaper in eve ry house, a good school in every district, and all appreciated as they should be, are the support of virtue, morality, civil crty and pure religion. AT a lecture of Bayard Taylor's, a lady wished for a seat, when a portly, luind some gentleman brought one. and seated her. " Oh", you're a jewel," said she.— " Oh, no," he replied, " I'm a jeweler—l have just tet the jewel!" AN imaginative Irishman gave utter ance to this lamantation : " I i«.4urned to the halls of my fathers by night, and I found them in ruins! I cried aloud," my fathers,where are they ?"and echo respond ed, " la that you, Pathrick McGlathery?" A WINDY Orator once got up and said: " Sir, after much reflection, consideration, and examination, I have calmly, deliber ately, and carefully come to the determin ed conclusion, 'that in those cities where the population is very large, there are a greater number of men, women and chil dren than in cities where the population ii lw. Army Correspondence. For the Citizen. A!*SAPOUS, MD. Jan. 26,1894. MESSRS. EDITORS:—I received the copies of the American Citizen which you sent me, and am happy to congratulate you in your noble work ; for in your hands, I trust the American Citiien will ever be a truly conservative member of society. By the word conservative, I mean not cling ing with the grasp of death to the ac knowledged barbarism of departed ages, but I mean by the word conservative, the man who is for progress; and the history of all past ages proves that the truly con servative party were the party of prog ress. And yet' in the free State of Penn sylvania, we find those who have clung to the sinking relics of barbarism, until they have brought their country to the verge of ruin, merely because they thought it was conservative, to save that, which, but for their superhuman effort, wou d have sunk long ago beneath the waves of pro gress, that grow the purer by their own action. It is enough to bleed a heart of stone to see the thousands slain, to see this tem ple of liberty almost wrecked, to see the misery caused by blind mortals, calling themselves conservative and democratic, striving to keep afloat the pulrid carcass which the irresistible tide of progress had long ago marked for the grave of oblivion ; but they clung to it until the feasted worms of the' cadaver rebelled against their unholy and unnatural ernbraee, and then they clung with a still more Hl,natu ral embrace to the worms of rebellion themselves, until the putrid carcass falls off by piecemeal, and their end is near at baud. Notwithstanding the assertion of Judge Woodward, that the conservative party of Pennsylvania must rise in their might and assert the rights of the slaveholder. The institution in Maryland is about to sink forever; the only question with them now is, how thoy shall let goof slavery, be fore it lets goof them. Once again I point the party who supported Judge Woodward, to this fact, and ask them if their hearts ever felt compunction! 1 If they do not feel the blush of sliame upon viewing the action of the Border States ? But I weep when I think of the innocent blood that has been shed to teach this par ty that the conservative party, was the party of progress. How may times more in this world will this lesson of history have to be repeated. But I do not desiro to say much at pres ent. There was a time when I could plead with this people, and did with an earnests ness, those blind to the issue, called fanat ical. But now the world breathes freer, for the contest has been fought, and the results are before us. Slavery sinks, and with her, goes down her faithful master, Democracy; the ship of State floats grace fully onward, and now woe unto the man who, deaf to the voice of God, has placed himself in the path of his country, and tho progress of humanity ; the last death knell of rebellion will soon be sounded; and then " he that is filthy let him be fil thy still." And sooner will the stars of heaven fail to shine, than the soldiers of Pennsylvania shall fail to do ample justice to all her unfaithful. A UNION SOLDIER. How TO RUIN A SON.—I. Let him have his own way. 2. Allow hitn free use of money. 3. Suffer him to rove where he pleases on Sabbath. 4. Give him full success to his wicked compan ions. 5. Call him to no account for his evenings. .6 Furnish him with no stated employment. Pursuceitherof these ways and you will experience a most marvelous deliverance, or will have to mourn over a debased and ruined child. Thousands have realized the sad result, and have gone mourning to the grave. A TOPER'S OBJECTION TO WATER.— An old toper was urged to drink the bev erage prepared by God himself to nourish and invigorate his creatures, and beautify his footstool. " No," said the toper, ' Water is dan gerous—very. It drowns people—it gets into theirchest—into their heads, water on the brain for instance. And then too, it makes that infernal steam, what's allers blowin' a feller up. Water! No, I will drink none on't, let them drink it what likes." _ _ fair A Turkish enthusiast at Constan tinople lately cut off two yards of the tele graphic wire, which he brought to his house in the hope of being the first to know the news. \Vhen taken up for the offence, he admitted the fact, and said that all he wanted to learn was the fall of Se bastopool. Another Turk cut the wire in two in order to see if the interior was hol low. _ t&T Consider whence thou comest, whither thou gocst, and before whom thou art to »tand. from the Uniou Herald. Radical Union Leagues. The Boston Traveller says that Union Leagues, pledged to the total eradication of negro slavery in the United States, are multiplying throughoutMassachusetts,and are receiving large accessions of members. In the opinion of well informed persons, (says tho Traveller,) similar Union Leagues in the Northern States are already strong enough to carry tho next Presidential election. A Springfield (111.) letter, published in the St. Louis Rrpublitan of the 30th ult. gives a full exposition of tho ceremonies, passwords, etc., of the Union Leagues, as derived " from a correct and literal copy of tho Ritual adopted by the National Convention of the Unio"n League of Amer ica, at Cleveland, on the 21st day of May, A. D. 18G3, duly certifiod to by the sig nature of J. M. Edwards, G. P., and W. It. Irwin, G. R. S." This work is de scribed by a pamphlet of three by four inches, containing twenty pages. - The oath administered to initiates is as follows|: " I, A B , do solemnly swear, (or affirm,) in the presence of these wit nesses, that I have never voluntarily borne arms against the United States since I have been a citizen thereof; that I will support, protect, and defend the Constitu tion and Government of the United States, and the flag thereof, against all enemies, foreign and domestic ; and that I will bear true faith and allegiance to tho same; and that I will also defend this State against any invasion, insurrection, or rebellion, to the extent of my ability. This I freely pledge without mental reservasion or eva sion. Furthermore, that I will do all in my power to elect true and reliable Union men and supporters of the Government, and none others, to all offices of profit or trust from the lowest to the highest, in ward, town, county, State, and General Govern ment. And should I ever be called to fill any office, I will faithfnlly carry out the objects and principles of this League.— And, furthermore, that I will protect, aid, and defend all worthy members of the Union League. And, further, I will nev er mako known in any way or manner, to any person or pcro#fe, not members of the Union League, any of tho signs, pass words, proceedings, debates, or plans of this or any other Council under this organ ization except when engaged in admitting new members into this League. And with my hand upon tho Iloly Bible, Dec laration of Independence, and tho Consti tution of the United States of America, under the seal of my sacred honor, I ac kmiwledge'niysclf firmly bound and pledg ed to the faithful performance of this my solemn obligation. So help nje God." This oath having been taken " with clasped and uplifted hands," all repeat the " freeman's pledge," as follows : " To defend and perpetuate Freedom, the Union, I pledge my life, my fortune, and my sacred honor. So help me God." A " patriotic ode" is then sung, a num ber of which are given in tho ritual. The following stanza from one of tho " patri otic odes" will suffice to illustrate the an imus of the whole: " In the beauty of tbe '.lilies Christ was borne across the With a glory io bis boeom tbat transfigure* you *nJ m-i. As Lo diod to make mon holy, let us die to mako mec While God is marching on.** ONE OF THE GOLDEN YOUTH.—A Ger man poet compared life to a vast forest full of young and vigorous trees, in the midst of which a wood-cutter is strolling. At first the forest is still, dense and flourish ing; but the wood-cutter's axe continues to strike its incessant blows scattering death all around it. The trees fall one by one, this one first and then another; where their trunks stood close together the light begins to break through; here and there broad vacant spaces grow larger and larg er, soon the regretful eye counts tho vic tims by hundreds. The axe pursues its work of destruction ; it assaults the oaks which still remain erect, hurls them down and widens the vacant space. Its blows redouble in speed, and you might almost fancy that, like a good workman, it was anxious to finish its task before the close of day. In the morning the forest was as dense and tufted as a meadow where the grass grows luxuriantly; by evening it is a bare expanse. AVith but another hour and the last tree will have fallen. That forest is youth with its many friends; that wood-cutter is deuth. It never wearies of its blows, and by the time that age has come; when the first wrink les furrow the pensive brow, what gaps are already visible, and how many of those we loved best are gone! First one died in •he very flower of youth, her forehead decked in its flaxen curls, and she smiling still upon life, her heart still brimming with joyous anticipations. Then another followed ; and then another ; a fourth fell suddenly, and in the very pride of his strength. Death strikes on, and soon we BO longer count those we havo lost; we think of them sometimes, and those who remain last have their memories hill of phantoms which beckon them to hasten. NUMBER 9. The Position of Woman, The Westminister Review contains an article on the positions occupied by woman in different nations, from which we derive the following: The Mahometans all believe that a wo man has no soul. This is not taught in the Koran, but is countenanced by the fact that in tho Prophet's Paradise, hou ries are given to the faithful instead of their earthly wives. The Chinese make slaves of their women in this world, and deny them anyhopeof compensation here after. M. Hue states that the Chinese wo men, in the southern provinces, have form ed a sect called " Abstincnts," who livo wholly on vegetables. They think that after death, if tjiey havo been faithful to their vows of abstinence, they will roturn to life as men. In Western Australia, female children are always betrothed a few day3 after their birth. Should the first husband die before the girl attains to ma turity, she belongs to his heir. Ip New Zealand, if a girl's future husband should die, no other man can make a proposal to her. Among the Hindoos, widows may not marry again. In China, parents bar gain for tho marriage of their children whilo they are yet unborn. The New Hollanders steal their wives, and if a wo man attempts to escape from her cap tor, he at once thrusts a spear through the fleshy part of her leg or thigh. Of all the methods of obtaining a wife, that of purchase is the most universal.— It it practised by tho Africans; by the black and brown races of tho Archipela go, and by nearly all the nations of Asia. The Circassian women prefer boing sent to Constantinople and sold. Six girl's, in tended to be sold as slaves, were taken from a Turkish vessel recently by thoßus-' sians. They were informed that they could either marry Russiansor Cossacks,of their own free choice, or bo taken to Germany —or lastly be sold at Constantinople.— Without a moment's consideration they exclaimed; y To Constantinople to be sold J" In Siam and Cochin China, men invari ably purchase their wires; but the women have one privilege—the parents cannot sell them against their will. In Japan, presents are made to the brido. who trans lers them to her relatives to defray the ex pense and trouble tlioy incurred in bring ing her up. In China, a woman is sold without being consulted on the subject, and has to obey every one in the family of her purchaser without exception. Iler hus band can strike her, sell her, and even let her out for a longer or shorter period. A large number of women are thus driven to suicide; when the husband manifests a great deal of emotion, being under the ne cessity of having another wife. Truly woman, even more than man, should be the warm supporterof Christian ity, and all institutions based upon Justice and Freedom. For wherever there are Heathenism and injustice, she is the great est sufferer. IMPORTANT EXPEDITION, The Chicago Journal , of Tuesday, has the following important intelligence : For some time past we have been with holding the information we were prompt ly putin possession of, as to a grand move ment of our forces southward from Cairo, to be swelled by accessions at other points, until it should leave Vicksburg in great strength, for a blow at some point in reb eldom. We are not permitted to re lease the bond of secresy required on pru dential grounds, but enough has been leaking out through the dispatches, to indicate very much as to the nature of the movement, and guide conjecture as to its destination. It left Cairo powerful in numbers on a fleet of tansports. It was strengthened at Columbus, and btill more at Memphis, and the order of embarka tion, for we "have it before us, shows that the troops went down the river prepared to remain. We are not forbidden to bor row the hint from the rebel dispatches elsewhere, received via Richmond, that the expedition left the river at Vicksburg, and struck off across the State of Missis sippi. A movement on Jackson, the Black river having been bridged by pontoons, is stated as having already become ascer tained. And what nqjt ? We doubt if a glance at the map leaves much room for hesitation in the matter. But the other day we were told of a large Federal force landed on the Gulf coast near Mobile.— The fleet, too, has been made more formid able off that point. Is it not likely that the force under Gen. Sherman is now far on its way to co-operate with Gen. Banks and reduce that last rebel stronghold, the only remaining rebel city on the Gulf t The next news from that quarter will tell us what we all wish to know |£F*Thc day iis short; the labor great; the workmen are lazy; the pay is much; and the master of the house is ur- K«nt.