CHRONICLE
LEWISBUEG
BY O. N. WOIiDEN &
An Ijcdei'en'pext Family
SIjc (Cl)ronic 1c .
FRIDAY, JIM. 20, IMG.
To the Editors of the Lewisburg Chronicle :
Mmai. EiiiTomi : We lucked in your laM
paper lor a proper rehuke of the premeditated
insult of the "Argus" to those who aitei'nVd
the gathering in University Hall in conilem-
r . .. - .. .., i.irnTk tie lh Klai'
Power upon the infant Slate f Kanas, ai.a
upon the person of ihe truly II. n. C. Sumner. 1 Hrjg and dwell with infinite conipla
Ilul we were disappointed in our expectation, , ' .. . ...
and therefore ask for a short space to einrc-s 1 tency upon her greatness. Nations, like
nr opinions thro' vour columns. The ri;us
Mated that -Some ma'iciotis per-ons circulated
the story that there would he a mt&er show at
the Hill. This a.s a matter of course was not
correct." Well.sirs, the phrase used is without
doubt used reproachlully.an.t it -not comet
inqiiir.'-) '
(the people concerned very naturally inqini
vhv was it endorsed hy publication ! It it
had been uttered only orVly and privately hy :
"some malicious persons, what nmsi they he
who three days afterwards publish an admit
ted untruth and send it on the wings of ihe
wind through the public press 1 If il he "ma-;
iTcious" to invent, what must ,. be to ?,ve .
currency to, a false, opprobrious charge ! We .
are inclined to believe that the -malicious" i
inventors of the stupid stigma were ventrilo
quists, who made Ihe very statement which
they deliberately promulgate! Or, if it were
rver ottered, either as a joke or maliciously,
it need not be reprated.when known not to be I
true j and hence we charge that the responsi- I
bilily is not shifted upon an unknown 'scape- I
Boat, but is incurred by those who endorse it ;
by putting it in print for an evident purpose.
Having participated in said meeting (which
by the way was far the most orderly and im-1
posing political demonstration ever witnessed
in our community.) we beg leave to add that
it was no "nigger show," but that the actors
nd spectators were at least as white both in ,
character and complexion as either of the ;
gentlemen who spread the miserable charge. '
Me saw no "nigger mere, unless u.se oe . ,; fa , undul:lti ,Le fields arc enclosed
thus designated who year by vearcarrv out the "
wishes of ihe slave Power, apologize for Op-! with rank, bushy hedges,along which trees
pression, and are so hide-bound by party fet-1 are growing in a sort of careless order, iru
ters lhat they flare not indulge one generous . , ,
impnlse or breathe a wish for the freedom ,.f I""" " landscape a sort of grove
onr brother man everywhere. We, however. ' like appearance. The merry month of May
did see the beloved Governor of our good I old ; can make ,he nonieli,gt country l00k hap-liberty-lovingCommonwealth,
and we did hear J r
his spontaneous and noble defence of those py, but England needs not its vernal orna
riglus for which our fathers struggled and suf-1 in,.Bts ; eucQ a sceuery, even bleak De
ferei. We did see presiding over the meeting ' .... ., .
the honored head ,'t our University, assisted "ber must have its charms, , hilst in
by gentlemen who have honorably represented ; Ireland a farmer's life seems the most un
our country in the halls of the Gen. n.l As- durable, here it is the very picture cf
sembly. in the State (senate, and on tne floor of ;
Congress. We saw the educated Professors, ! independence and comfort, pearly all the
with their families, and most of the indents, j Irih land-owners live in England. They
there. We did see the Ladies of the Female j ..... . c . , .
Institute, and in addition five or s hundred let tne,r ""mease farms to speculators.wbo
x the most intelligent and accomplished l.a- practice unscrupulous extortion upnn the
dies ef the town and vicinity. We saw Cler- peasanfli j sub-letting. They give them
cvnien. Farmers, Mechanics, Merchants, men . . , , ... . ...
who earn their daily bread by their daily toil, miserable apologies of dwellings, in which
who ated with the meeting. A respectable a Buffaloe Valley farmer would scruple to
onTpany from neighboring town played j . . . . . .
VWAniL1" "nigger" music. Solemn prayer
was)lT.5Wo the Majesty on hirh lor proiee
i al ffWdance iu these troublous tunes. A
speeVivW supassing power was delivered in
manly style and sustained by incontrovertible
documentary evidence, advocatin the risbis
both natural and constitutional of White Free
men, and vindicating our fellow citizens fn.m
Peno'a and elsewhere in their lawful and lau
dable efforts to found a Free State upon the
broad and fertile plains of the Ka where
"niggerism" should never vex or enre ihem. !
These were the actors these the spectators. !
The only "nigger show" was in the editorial
columns of the Argus, whose gratuitous insult j
was to a people who have ever been generous
and friendly to Ihem. Truly, what a degrading
influence has Party Fealty, when it prompts
to the utterance of a "malicious storv" when !
il is a falsehood and designedly a slm !! i
W e pass to notice the plea pm in t.y the
Editors, that we should noi judge the whole
Souih by ihe conduct of Mr. Brooks. II .we-
ver plausible this may appear as a g. neral
proposition,!! can miiue urgeu in ine presrni
case. Atl the Southern Congressmen shield
him thus far; the Southern newspapers, pub
lic meetings, and even Governors applaud his
flagitious act; and we may therefore truly sav
lhat he did but act out Slavery despotism, and
is fully endorsed by the South.
One word as to ihe resolutions adapted hy
the meeting. The Editors say they "reiterate
the sentiments of the Republican partv." We
have never seen the Platform of that Party,
but if it accords with ihose resolutions it will
receive the cordial assent of all the Northern
Whigs and of tens cf thousands of Northern
Democrats. Would it be asking too much of
the Editors to publish those resolutions for the
information of their numerous readers "
MAN V.
Rrniarkt. If we had two daily papor,
we might pay attention to many more
subjects than we can find room fur in our 1 England is in temperance where the Uni
miscellaneous sheet. We dislike contro- ted States wero twenty years ago. The
versies, and since our local contests were j bar is the most prominent thing in all the
decided have endeavored to avoid them. hotels. You can seldom dine without
The expression which arouses our corres-
pondent, did not surprise us in lact, we
are surprised at nothing in that sheet since 1
it declared the Chronicle a "ymfUy
NEUTRAL paper. j igger-worsbiping
is its synonym for liberty-loving. Where
U.S. troops can not be had to "crush out"
freemen where the pistol and gutta per-,
cha canes can not be used to frown down
ft .. w I - - it
freedom of speech there epithets and
degrading comparisons like the above will
be used, plantation-fashion, by those who
opeily boast of their political affinity with
slave-owners and slave-drivers ! "llcbcla"
and similar degrading epithets were cm
ployed by the friends of King George in
'76, precisely in the spirit they are by the
friends of Pierce, Douglas & Co. in '50.
As to the endorsemunt of Bully Brooks
by the South it is true we know of no
Buchanan paper which condemns him ;
but it is right to say that several religious
and independent journals, and also half a
dzen American journals, have had the
courage to join Senator Crittenden and
CoL Benton in denouncing the dastard.
"Many" will have "a good time" indu
cing the Argut to copy any Republican
declaration of principles and aims. It may
continue to retail the wild rant of Garris
on ian ultia Abolition ists, aud falsely try
to identify them with the sober Republican
party; but when it fairly gives the party's
views, we shall also expect to find in it
mom news from Kansas which does not
throw all the blame of the civil wax upon
Ft Stat settlers I
J. R. CORNELIUS.
ani News Jouk.vaL.
European Correspondence,
Corresl-ODdelife of the Lewigtturg Chronicle.
London, May 23, 1856.
The English, like the Americans, are
somewhat given to national vanity. They
Lave become so accustomed to their natio
n.l nre. that thev cease to pain them.
J ncy are uauuuauy unuu iu iucir mv o
individuals, can not "see themselves as
others see them." England has sores
which her political physicians can not heal,
diseases which all the virtues of her uuri-
"'cd M"g"a Cliarta can not reach. She
has abolished Atrican slavery ill her tcrri-
. gbe g t(J hcr Irijb .
' r
Bfiteii nutw tltti kemtilanee of frweiloin. ami '
t,8rmits petty tyrants to lord it over her
1 , . . .. . .
most generous and loyal subjects w.th
unblushing cruelty. A ilh a national debt
, ,...! - thousand millions of Hounds
J
sterling, equal to fivo times as many dol
lars, her people must submit to an enor
mous taxation. The latter is about the
ouly sore that extorts from them an occas
' ional groan. Still, Great Britain is one of
I the greatest countries in the world great
in her mineral, moral and intellectual
resources, great in her history, great in her
present power, and has the prospect of a
great and brilliant future.
English couutry-sccocry is surpassingly
beautiful. The earth's surface is mostly
the landlords in England, thus draining
the money from the country, and subject
ing it to a periodical impoverishing pro
cess. Hut in England it is fa otherwise.
Here, their very appearance is an eloquent
reflection of their prosperity. Florid, oval,
sleek-looking gentlemen, facsimiles of
English couutry 's(jiiires,wlinse faces speak
good wishes tocverybody.and whose bodily :
dimensions are an honor to the soil that .
supports them. Men that will leave their j
mark in any crowd. In Ireland, farmers ;
have a meagre, pi.iful appearance, approa- i
ching more nearly to the shape of a lino, ,
the F..,uuol 0f a roj. Ijere tliey approach
, ' ' ' ' ,
the t-hape of an egg, the symbol of sub-
stauce. To be sure, some of them complain
of hard times. Oue whom I met, regretted
the conduct of American farmers, who glut
the British market with their corn. He
Faid be had lost a thousand dollars
a year .
fjr the last two years. Out even this was
to his credit, for it requires a farmer of
some calibre to endure such a loss.
The English generally look remarkably
healthy. Both sexes seem to retain the
flush and vigor of health far beyond the
noon of life. Whether this be owing to
good habits, good climate, good living, or
all together, I am unable clearly to ascer
tain. With the sterner sex, I think wiuc
and beer are entitled to some of the praise.
having glasses beside your plate.and being
asked what you wish to dnnk.taking itTor j
granted that every person will drink some
kinJ of iiq,lor. Almost every hotel has a !
i rootn furnished with tables and pipes,
, where you can find a group during all
nourg of the day, quaffing their favorite
beverage in copious potions. In making
friends, esncciallv amnntj commercial and
... . . . . . .
legal gentlemen, a person is constantly
assailed by the bottle. The lower classes
carry the bottle with them, and in travel
ing on tbe cars tbey would sometimes urge
me,with an importunity worthy of a belter
cause, to "take a little." Drinking here
is not only connived at but approved of by
the mass of profession Christians. But
, - t j a
withal, I have not met with many persons
perceptibly drunk, which may be owing to
their skill and habit in the art of drinking.
The diet of the English is, generally,
more simple than with ns, and witbal
abundantly nutrient. Tbey have not such
an endless diversity of dishes, and live not
so much on the frothy exuberance of pas
tries and desserts. Their climate is more
uniform, not subject to those frequent and
sudden transitions of beat and cold which
often operate so fatally on the human
system. Their sky possesses a remarkable
facility to rain. Some one has aptly
called it a weeping ty. Surely iu lach
rymal nerves must be very excitable, for it
rains often when there is no perceptible
cause, and without the slightest prelimio
ary emotions, to the great discomfort of
unsuspecting travelers.
LEWISBURG, UNION CO., PA., FRIDAY,
I still remember how my heart kindled
with indignation when I first read Dickens'
description of the extensive and filthy use
of tobacco in America. I then thought
bis picture, an exaggeration, verging on
falsehood, but I am now inclined to think
that he was not very far from the mark.
Tobacco is used with greater moderation
in his country. Very few chew. In
Scotland and Ireland, they snuff most im
moderately. I saw a man take a pinch
while sitting at the communion table, and
an eminent Scottish divine consulted his
box on Ihe pulpit during service. Tho box
and the pipe are used to stimulate convi
vial intercourse. Even among the better
classes in Ireland, they still pass around
the pipe of peace. Sometimes while a
..mi. nnnni.pci.a t n.nt llll KOniA ntlfl Wll
ill
r ...
..nuin hi emiibintr ntensil and nass it
b --- r
around, caeh one taking a whiff in his turn.
In Scutlaud the box performs the same so
cial office. As liurns has it,
"Th tuntin ph1. w m'H
An hautlnl nmuil i' tigbt uii will."
The English are proverbial for their ex
clusivencss. Tho Scotch and Irish are
very accessible, but these are constitution
ally unsociable. I met with happy excep
tions, but these are not very numerous.
These are non-conductors for the inter
change of social sympathies. You can
ride with them in the same car for a whole
day, as yn-i vould with so many Egyptian
mummies who.-" organs of speech had been
palsied by IL3 hand of death for "000
years. io Carta iv use to 'ry mum. aucir
social apathy is impregnable. Occasion
ally you will meet one arouud whom flows
a sort of mysterious dread inspiring atmos
phere, that makes you feel uucomfurtable
in his presence, and breathe more easily
as soon as you get out of it In walking j
through the streets of Windsor I was re
peatcdly reminded of the characters in
Sliak.spear's "Merry Wives of Wiudsor."
I met with Fallstaffs that seemed to cor
respond precisely with the original "Sir
John," bundles of lustful self-indulgence,
bloated, blubbering beer spunges, whom
their merry friends of the other sex might
easily have rolled iuto the river. Tbey
grow indigenous all over England.
Great Britain, on the whole, seems to
be a happily governed country, Ireland al
ways excepted. The difficulty with all
good governments is to keep the golden
mean, governing neither too little nor too
much, for one is just as bad as the other.
Governing power is the ballast of the ship
of State ; where there is too much, there j
can be no healthy progress ; where there
is too little, the ship is in danger of being
al8uea lo lucces ,u luu '
It has become fashionable for Ameri
cans to speak of all European powers as
beinir finlelv iiriheld bv bavnnets. What
tfce condition of olncrf u ig
. ,.. of Euanj. ller eub.
j c
: jecta don't need bayonets, and they would
I be great fools to provoke tbctn. Why
j these Englishmen discuss their rights as
j freemen, aud denounce oppression,in their
parks and parlors, publicly and privately,
! in a truly democratic style. If Parliament
An1ni.9 nnon their rights, it is soon
driven to a peuitent retreat by meetings
and memorials, which it is wise enough to
respect. The I'ress is untrammelled.
The periodicals abound with talcut and
critical acumen. They dissect the actions
of publio men with unsparing rigor, aud
hold them up to public execration or favor.
The rights of suffrage are of course some
what limited. Ouly those poscssing a
certain amount of property can vote, but
this is so small that few comparatively are
excluded.
The most discreditable feature of the
British Government, most unworthy of so
great a nation, is that which imposes the
Bupport 0f tne Established Church upon
Dissenters. It is little in keeping with
lcr vt0(eci Ee!1i for freedom of conscience
. hnmB unJ .br0.d. inland has nerne-
O
trated enough religious coercions and cru
elties to furnish the whole world with prac
tical illustrations of their enormity and
folly. Though she has long since aban
doned tbe fiendish policy of Henry VIII,
that inclination of all that is detestable in
human nature, she still deliberately retains
a vestige of tbe old stigma, at which com
ing iges will point the finger of abhorrence
auc .-?orn.
1 auve just been here long enough to
learn that the street arrangements of Lon
don are an enormous tax upon the energy
and patience of a curious traveler. But,
"perseverantia omnia viucit; which be
ing interpreted, you know, means that per
severance will take a man over London.
The lovely metropolis of Buffalo Valley
makes no such exorbitant demands oa its
visitors. There, if yon wish to see a
friend, yott can simply turn a corner ot
two and yon have him. But here I raafi
must be fortunate if ie can reach a friend's
ia less than four or five miles, and then
not find h im. After being jolted about la
cab, and crawling through narrow wind
ing alleys to cross-streets confronting all
the filth and vileoess flourishing there, be
will require some nerve to1 attempt it a
second time. But then, it would of coarse
be tery silly to expect London to be as
decent and desirable metropolis as Lew-
is burg. iNAHAH.
Rust of Arkansaw.
Coward of the Capitol t
Giant body stunted soul!
Breaker of all honest law !
Back, we say, to Arkansaw!
Oh, what valor, to waylay
That pale scholar, worn and gray!
Was it not a hero's deed
To make the printer's temple bleed t
There's a greater power than yours i
Muscle rots, but thought endures ;
There's a hand lhat will redress-
Tis the power of the Press,
And it stands above the law,
"rving, Men of Arkansaw!
Blush and cower 'tis but just.
For your Slate is stained wuh Ruttf
Sew Western Correspondence.
Corraqioniieaoe ot the benbbarg Chronicle.
Chicago, 111., June 6, 185fj.
Dear Crbonicle Cbipngo is truly an
enterprising and flourishing city a regular
specimen of Young America's go-aheada-tivencss
and may, we think, be justly
styled the Maoio ClTT, for everything
connecteoVwith it appears to have' gwie up
as it were by magic. But a few years
ago this spot, where now so extensive a
business of every kind is carried on
where now all is hurry, activity and con
fusion was on3 wide extended prairie,
very little known to any others than the
red men ; here, where now stand these
princely mansions these magnificent.tow
ering palaces of the wealthy could then
be seen but the few scattered cabins of the
daring pioneers; in short, the little village
of e;ghteeB or tweDtT Jear9 sga js B0W the
beautiful and prosperous city of ninety or
a hundred thousand inhabitants.
Property here has increased in value
with such astonishing rapidity, that per
sous, who came hither not long ago with
no greater expectation than that of gain
h mMm of , for lheir fanliies
find themselves suddenly become immense.
Ijr withy ; and this, not through any
hard labor or shrewd management on their'
own part, but their wealth having been
forced npoa them, in a manner, in conse
quence of the increase in value of the lauds
tbey were at first compelled to take up in
order to pursue their respective occupa
tions. Among such we find the early far
mers, dairy-men, brewer s,and many others
worth their tent and hundred! of thou
sands; in fact, there are not a few in
Chicago who can boast their million ; and
altogether there are more wealthy men in
this than in any other city of its size aud
population iu the United States. As ex
amples of this increase in the value of
Uai we were to Jay ghown Bumerous otg
which eight years ago sold for three or four
hundred dollars each, and now are worth
from 81500 to $3000 per foot 1
The city is situated on both sides of the
Chicago river, at its entrance into lake
Michigan, upon a plain sufficiently eleva
ted to prevent its being overflowed, the
streets are laid out at right angles, running
nearly north and south and east and west,
and are from two to five miles long,aflord
ing a most beautiful sight from one end
towards the other. Tbey are generally
very wide ; in many instances are adorned
with small grass plats and shaded with
rows of trees placed between tbe side-walks
and the streets, and in most cases the
houses aro so built as to allow room for
planting trees and shrubbery in front of
them, thus serving very much to beautify
the city. Being situated on so level plain
and on comparatively low gjound, the city
would naturally appear to be rather un
healthy on account of the stagnant water
in the streets and gutters, but this is about
being remedied by their raising tbe streets
by filling them up, and by digging sewers
and drains.
I started out this morning to see the
'elephants' of the place, and went first to
tbe depot of tbe Illinois Central Railroad
Company, a building of vast extent aud
astonishing dimensions, surpassing every
thing of the kind I bad ever beheld. It
is built of large blocks of stone, called
Athens marble, (from the place where it
is obtained,) which very much resembles
marble, is easily worked, and is very dura
ble j and the roof is supported not by pil
lars or columns, which would be very
much in the way, but by enormous iron
bars firmly and wonderfully arranged. The
building was erected at great cost upon
ground some distance from the main shore
which has been "made" at immense labor
and expense by hauling it thither from
different parts of the city. The railroad
here runs a considerable distance on the
lake upon plies driven ifl, tbe Company
not having been able, at least without pay
ing an enormous sum, to procure the right
of way along the shore.
Hear this railroad depot, there is a large
six-story grain depot of forwarding house,
of which kind then are abont twenty in
the city, in which grain is raised to tbe
Uppermost story by means of steam eleva
tors, and it there weighed, before it is
shipped, oa scales capable of weighing five
hundred bushels at time. Some idea
may be formed of the grain shipped from
this city from the fact that It ta Dot nnu
sua! for one of these houses to load on an
average one vessel per day carrying fre
quently about 16,000 bushels each.
The next buildings of importance visi
ted were the Marine Hospital Merchant's
fxohange, Covt House, and the Bioh
JUNE 20, 1856.
mond House, the last one just being built
of Athens marble, which, in this instance
is almost equal in appearance to the finest
imported marble.
We also visited the old Barracks, or
fortifications, consisting of a brick maga
sine and three or four log buildings, erec
ted, about tho year 1812, for the protec
tion of the settlers against the English and
Indians, one of which was, subsequently
to tbe war, used as a government Land
office, but more recently was occupied aa
a boarding house. These, we were sorry
to see, were abeut being torn away in or
der to make rootn for the extension of a
street aud the wideniug of the river at that
place. There were several cannon and
cannon carriages remaining in these build
ings, which appeared as if they had seen
but few, if any battles.
We had thought of giving yon some
description of this giant city of the west,
but that is impossible, aa it would be to
give you a correct idea of the surprising
energy and astonishing prosperity of its
inhabitants. Already have the people of
Chicago all tho comforts and enjoyments
of our eastern cities, and everything else
that could be desired. They are well sup
plied with schools and churches their pri
vate residencej,especially those along Mich
igan Avenue, would grace any of our
American cities -their hotels, such as the
Fremont and the Richmond Houses, are
equal to any in the land their manufac
turing establishments are pre-eminently
extensive their traveling facilities are
numerous and they have all the advan
tages of an able "editorial community"
and an intelligent society:
At tbe rate of growth and prosperity
at which Chicago is no advancing, it ia
difficult to say what she may yet become,
however, certain it ia that at no distant
day she can justly claim the name of "the
New Tuik o h. U
cial advantages are far superior to any of
our inland cities; there are Said to be
fourteen main,and upwards of thirty branch
railroads approaching ber and pouring
their tribute into her lap; and tbe farm
ing region on her west, northwest, and
southwest, is almost boundless in extent,
exceedingly fertile, and so beautiful that
it would tax the intellectual abilities of a
Sbakspeare for description.
This noon we bad a very severe hail
storm of about fifteen minutes' continu
ance, during which time bail stones fell of
the size of common walnuts, or perhaps of
a greater size. During the storm a gen
tleman fooled a party of bystanders pretty
badly by taking from a pitcher a lump of
ice almost as large as his fist, and making
them believe it bad fallen from above.
Truly yours, &o. PHL
elected for the Lewisborz Chronicle.
Interesting Statistics
1. The number of Soldiers furnished by
the American States during tbe Revolution,
and the population of each State in 17 SO.
2. Principle battles of the Revolution,
and their several dates.
REVOLUTION ART STATES.
Mo. of
Soklivrs
1,4'J7
67,097
5,908
81,115'J
17,781
10,720
5,078
171,610
2,380
3,812
26,079
7,463
6,417
2,580
surK-sl
Pop. id 1TN0.
141.8U1
475,257
011,110
28S.H1
840,120
181,430
431,373
New Hampshire
Massachusetts,
Rhode lslauj,
Connecticut,
New York,
New Jersey,
Penusylvauia,
States now Free
Delaware,
Maryland,
Virginia,
",3751
4'J 073
.9 ..Li
North Carolina,
South Caroliua,
Georgia,
States now Slave
82,518
49,345 1,565,500
Total
220,991 3,448.881
Free Slate Soldiers a iwuye 1 to II of pop.
Massachusetts had 1 to 7 do
Slave States, average 1 to S2 do
South Carolina, had 1 to o3 do
Massachusetts ALONE had 17,000
more Patriots in the Revolution than xth
the six now Slave States, together. Mr.
Sumner was right iu his rebuke of the
frothy ebullitions of the South Carolinians,
and no wonder they could only answer by
a brutal assault for telling the truth.
II. BATTLES OF THE REVOLUTION
Where Sroglit.
Mualh
Vfr.
Lexington,
April,
June,
August,
October,'
December,
January,
August,
September,
October,
June,
August,
March,
July,
August,
January,
March,
1775
1775
1770
1770
1770
Hunker UiUj
Flatbush,
White Plains,
Trenton,
Princeton,
1777
1777
1777
1777
1778
1778
1779
1779
1781
1781
1781
1781
Bennington,
Brandy wine
Saratoga,
Moumouth,
Rhode Island,
Briar Creek,
Stony Point;
Camden,
CowrxnSj
Guilford,
Eutaw Springs,
September,
The surrender of Cornwallia at York-
town, October, 1781, closed the war;
prisoners, 7,073.
ata-The Sonth furnished a much larger
proportion of Officers than of Soldiers,and
in most of the battles at the South were
Troops from the North and East.
Wm. Over&ild Jr. of Easton is appoint
ed Supervisor of tha Delaware Division,
eioe Mr- Evans, dee'd.
At 1,o0 Fer
THE FATJM
The Garden The Orchard.
For the Leeuburg Chronicle.
Chickens.
As every farmer and poultry-raiser ought
to have a clear idea of the best varieties of
the Chicken, let me give you a sketch of
them, beginning with the largest.
The Cuittauosos are the largest vari
ety of the chicken tribe yet known, and of
a greyish white or striped color. Their
flesh is rather coarse and dark, and serves
bust for soup. They are good egg layers,
but unsteady and poor hatchers.
The Suanuhais are nearly ts large as
tbe C'hittagongs, but are of a yellow er red
or reddish-yellow color. They are also
good layers as well as hatchers.
The Chittagonge and S'uanghais are call
ed so after certain places in Asia from
whence they were imported into Europe
and America.and how far to our advantage
will soon appear.
The Dokkiso chicken, so called affsr
the town of Dorkiug in the county of Sur
rey in England, where it abounds in great
perfection, was originally of a white or
yellowish white color.bnt is now, through
repeated crossings, found of all colore.
It is a long and large bodied, short-legged,
and handsome variety, with five claws or
toes on each foot, and two spurs on each
leg of the male or cock. It is a great lay
er of large eggs, od yields a fine flesh of
or inclining towards a yellowish color.
Tbe Poland varieryj so called after Po
land in Europe, tbe place of its origin, ia
a deep aud plump-bodied fowl cf a shining
black color, with a tuft or crown of white
feathers on the head of both the cock and
the hen. Ii fattetis easily, and lays an
abundance cf large eggs, and yields a flesh
similar in quality pt rather superior to that
cf tbe Dorking. The Poland hens are
sometimes called "everlasting layers" on
account of the great numoor or egj t.wk
they lay. aud their disinclination to sit and
hatch eggs, for tbey are apt to leave the
hutching of their eggs to bent of other
breeds.
The DcTCtt variety, so called after the
Dutch in irope with whom it originated,
is smaller of size than the Poland. but has
still longer plumes, so large indeed that
their feathers ought to be cropped or cut
off occasionally or they will get into their
i i , i . , ! 1 T t ..... k L..J
I eyes ana oiina ioem. im xsuwu mwu
are also famous egg-layers.
The Esolish oa Commo Dunghill
fowl is of a middle size, and a white or
yellow and sometimes grayish or dark col
or, being the result of creeses between our
European or American breeds, and omo
regard it as the hardiest and most useful
ot all varieties, as lays eggs .r.y, auu
... .... -. t t i - i i
latrens easily, ma wueu pciiuibiBu u
plenty of
which is,
air and exercise yields a flesh
in me opinion oi manr,
most delicate and high flavored of all tbe
chicken meats. Their eggs are of medium
sie. The darkeolored fowls are said to j
be the hardiest and best of this var.ety, as
the pure white dung hill fowl is the weak-
est and lays the fewest eggs.
The Game fowl is of an erect and rath-
er small and slender form, and of a r.ch,
Khowy color, particularly the male or cock,
tne prevailing co.or . u.... .... s
red, but it is offen dark-grey, mealy-grey
or red-dun. This variety lays small and
line flavored eggs, and yields a flesh that
1,880,331 is beautifully white aud of superior rich
69,908 0ess of flavor. But it is difficult to rear
81,812 ; .u:, ,ree,l on aecouut of their Duenaciuua
"
j disposition, which causes them to fight and
! uuut each cther a!most toon 18 theJ
are out of the shell and teatserea. Ana
bad boys and men eneocrage this mticnio -
vous disposition. How true the sayings
of Scrip' ure, "It as sport to a fool to do
mischief!"
The BanTAJI so called because it carte
from the kingdom of Uantara in a, n
the smallest of all me cnicxen trices, ana
is remarkable for its grotesque appearance
and being generally covered with feathers
down to its toes, and of a pure white er
black or oauftecn colof. It yields a deli
cate flesh and its bens are good layers and
nurses, and hence are useful to hatch tbe
eggs of other hens, and also of partridges
and pheasants:
There are various other breeds of the
chicken, but those just described aro con
sidered tbe best and tenet profitable. The
Chittagongs and Shanghais were so popu
lar for a few yeas past, especially in our
Eastern States, ss to have g-.ven rise Id a
very great excitement ia their favor,ealled
"the Hen Fever." But the farmers of
those State are now complaing of its
effects, for they tell us that the Chitta
gongs and Shanghais lay far fewer eggs
than tbe same number of our old and com
mon hens nsed to do, so that many fami
lies have not ouly raised these new breeds
at aa expense of several dollars a pound,
bat have even been obliged to buy rggs
for their own family use. And hence our
old varieties, such as the Dorkings, Po-
landers and Common fJuoghill, are coming
racidly into favor again, as they are found
not only to lay more eggs, but foroisb a
finer and richer flesh than the Chittagongs
and Shaaghais so that tba Chittagonge
and Shanghais have, like tbe Morus-Mul-titaalises,
had their day. Oar own trie-
- m
Tear, always is Adtante.
ties of thj chicken may,'loubtk'SS,bc muclt
improved in size, beauty and excellence
by judicious cross-breeding and manager
inent. And if this be done, their posessor'
need not envy his fanciful neighbor whose)
heavier purse may euablj htm to purchase!
Chiltagougs and Shanghais at enormoui
prices.
In conclusion I wsulil observe, be car'
ful
1. That yon do not keep.if you live id
town, too large a stock on band, (a dozed
of full grown fjwls being enough for an
ordinary family) an! r-Kiew it every year1
or second year, as old heoi are not as good
layers as young ones.
2. That you have but one rooster for1
every dozen hens, and supply bis place
with a young rooster,say every third year.
3. That you clean and whitewash tlicir
roosts at least twi: a year,as this is neces
sary fur their comfort and health.
4. That they have plenty of pure freU
water to drink, and a sufficiency of lime;
burnt bones, charcoal, ashes, aand, aud
gravel to est, as these are necessary to cor
rect acidity of the stomach and form the
' shells of their eggs.
5. That you give tliem aa occasional
supply of animal food after the insect sea
sou is over, as this will make them lay
better.
C. That you do sot feed them too much
or strongly, or they will get too fat to lay,
in fact so fat as to die.
7. That in fattening one or more sep
erated from the rest f.-: thie purpose, yoit
change their food every other day, be lhat
food corn meal, oats, buckwheat, barley,
corn, boiled potatoes, or whatever it may.
8. That none but fresh eggs are pnt
under your hens for hatching.
9. That your hens are set hatching
early in the season, as the early broods
will, if well taken care of. generally de the
best, and
o. Tva yoor chicks an d young pul
lets are kept ia a dry and warm place,
especially in cold, rainy weather, as this
is necessary for their life and vigorous
health. Leisure Moments.
Kortb'd Co., May, 1856.
Hints for June.
Should that fickle jade, the weather,
array herself in summer garb, banish ta
polar regions ber frigidity and wear a
beaming, sunshiny countenance, constant
attention to growing crops will be neces
sity on the part of the gardener during the
present month. The time to " lay down
the shovel and the bee" will be past, and
labor, steady and unceasing, become thj
order of the season. While on the sub
ject of implements, we would remind those
using them, that poor t'.ols are dear though
; Tha iuppoted hy
a m.nv Ia Ka en instrument in tliA ttin.
j ruction of which linle mecuacicai Ul
i n intrpnuitv is needed, should be nronerlv
made, justly proportioned, neither too light
nor too heavy. This is the more impor
ted es von have to carrv it throoirh the
d u is t0 be life(1 B thousand or mora
M(J tQ(j Buch ia tha
morning will attain the dimensions of a
u Cmrrjing much
d;amefi mMJ eleTer f,Uowi
. f(J, beU;nJ if
resiwMibilitv ia this res-
pect.
As the season is backward, much can
be done towards having a full supply of
vegetables, by the exercise of j'idicious
forethought iu the selections of such va
rieties of see I as arrive earliest at maluri-
j fy This action must, however, receive
i the aid of clean aud careful culture. The
wcp),4 mU3t be feept d(,,0the insect en-
1 .m;es ejt.rminjt and nourishment for
; the knU gupri;c!j bountifully and at all
iimet w: "n neeuva. rnouia me wut
exhibh any cf the peculiarities of tha
" heated term," it ia advisable to spply
. , , r, , l .1 . 1 -
, (fcij fooJ in yi form.
Beets sown this month will ripen by
winter. Tbey will be found more tender
at. J less stringy than those planted earlier:
If there are vacancies in the rows already
up transplant or deposit fresh seed.
The trnDp!anting of K.bbag!, oauli-
fbwers, tomatoes, etc., can now be per-
j rjrrr,ed quite readily. It will be found
advantageous lo dip their roots into mud
as soon as tbey are moved the moisturo
thus obtained enabling them to better
withstand heat The ground iu which
all vegetables are to be replanted, should
receive a thorough stirring, provided it is
dry enough to pulverize freely through,
the agency of the spade.
Cucumber and melon vines need carei
and watering lest the uags foreclose, and
these luxuries take the form of invisibility.
At the close of the menlh the plants will
need hoeing and thinning; if tte ground
is rich, three or four are sufacient lor a
hill. . , , 4
Look over the orchards and destroy that
warm's nests eradisate the grass and
weeds that may be growing atound the)
roots of young trees and your reward shall
be " fruit in due season." Watchfulness)
i required until the fruit ripens.
Tue New York PyuiH says that there1
is a firm in that city the name of which is)
Lay, Hatch & Co., and that tbe ekikf at
presumed to all Shanghai