Cfl
ONICLE
BY O. N. WORDEX & J. R. CORNELIUS.
II. C. 1IICKOK, Corresponding Editor.
rmniv, xov. ao, ism.
Opcnin? ol' I iiion Seminary.
The Seminary at New Berlin, Knion county,
Pa .will br -p:io.I on the 3-1 of J;muarv. 1'5C.
when AtMresses suitable to the occasion will
be delivered, atnl ih-? Rule an J Rpculatimis uf
the Instiltnion pnblihpil. The exercises will
begin at 10 o'clock, A.M- and continue in the
afternoon ami evening. The public are res
pectfully invitci! to attend.
The following Gentlemen, constitute the
Board of Instructors :
PaixciPAL Kit. W. V. OK WIG.
A -CIST NTS
J. 8. WHITM AN. 0te rrinripal of Frwburg Academy.)
AC'3. S. SASSAMAX, A. II. 1 F. C HUFFMAN, A. It.
A Preceptress and more Teachers will be
employed, as soon as circumstances require.
The Seminary will contain a Male and Fe
male Department. The Ladies and (ientlemm
will not be allowed to associate, except tn the
presence of their Instructors. Their freedom
of intercourse will be less than at home.
All Students applying for admission, are
eipected to sustain pood mora! characters, and
pledge themselves to observe the Kules and
Regulations of the Institution, ami to have at
least attained a familiarity with the element
ary English branches. Those who design to
become Teachers of Common School, will
receive special instructions for that purpose.
Such as wish to enterCollego, will be prepared
for any Clas deMred. It is desirable, llfcit
all who wish to enter the School, should be
present at the commencement of the Terms,
as all clashes arc then generally formed.
The Academic Year, will be divided into
two Terms for the first year. The first Term
beginning on the date above given,and contin
uing six months ; the second Term beginning
tin the 15th of August, and continuing lour
months. There will be two Vacations, one of
six weeks in July and the first part of Angust,
and the other of four weeks in the latter part
of December and the beginning of January.
Persons possessing Certificates of Scholar
ships are requested to present the same when
applying f r admission. Those who have no
such certificates, will be required to pay ihir
Tuition fees invariably in advance, for eaeh
term, at the rate of per year. French,
Music, Drawing and Painting will be charge. I
extra at moderate rates. No deduction will
be made f r absence, except in cases of pro
tracted sickness. All will be charged tuition
from the beginning to the close of each term,
except those who are admitted fr half a lerm
onlv. Persons having subscribed for Schol-
arships will reci.'.lert that th- condition of the ,he fl,iu,. Vi. II Milbi h, (the bljml M.
subscription is, that the whole amount must Jirt.a( iK.ri a -haj.:am in -. nuies) in S-vr
be paid before or at the opening of the femi- yri oct.fi, at a meeting to express sympathy
nary, anJ, that their Scholarships will not be f(i(. ,he oruhails , ,lose who tell victims to Un
available until said amount be paiil. I veow fevt.r at .Norfolk and Portsmouth:
Allowing entire freedom of religious opin
ion, eaeh student will be required on every
Sabbath regularly to at'erid pulilic worship at
such p!,.re as parents or guardians may deis
nate. They will alo l.e required to ntvnd
Prayers and readin; of the s.-riptun-s. every
morning and evenin; in the S miliary Chapel.
The discipline of the Institution will be
mild, hut combined 'h firmness, avoiding
..",'', )..". -,,., ,j
order.prompt obedienee, ?-'Od aep.trtment ana
industry. Care will be exerted to guard the
students asainst all kinds of immorality, and
to bring them under the salutary influences
of good, moral and religious principles, ah
such as can not be bro't nnd-r these restric
tions, will be speedily discharged, without
respect to person. The Seminary will always
be considered a p!ace f 'r moral as well as
intellectual improvement, and not as a relume
for the idle and refractory.
Until the establishment of a regular Card
ing House, the Students will be boarded by
respectable families, in and near town, at
per week. Washing can be had at liberal
nriees ner dozen, cr 1 per month- Kvery
article of clothing given out for washing should draughts ol it ana lei 11 piay aooui ins
be marked distinctly with tl.e name of the temples; but far better would it, be for
owner. .Students can he supplied with all U;IU t0 brave the meridian sun in its fier
necessary books and stationery at reasonable j ccst powor til3n Q step for(il ; a;i
prices, in the place of the Seminary.
The following is a List of the Text-Books
which will be used in the Seminary. It will
from time to time be enlarged and unproved.
TEXT-HOOKS.
Itea din". Porter. Gram-
mar, Smith. I'arsing, .tuiion. n-m.,
Davies. Geography, (Ancient and Modern,)
Mitchell. History United Mates, Willard.
Constitution of United states, 11 art. Penman-
ship and Uook-Keeping. Kulton and Eastman.
Exercises in Composition and Declamation
will also be required.
A-ura.W.-PhysioIogy,rutter. Bot-
anv, Lincoln. Philosophy, Olmsted. Chem-
ist'ry, Silhman.
Mitheiwitia. Arithmetic, Grecnleaf. Alge-
bra, Oavics. Elements of Geometry, Davies'
. . . ..i
uegemtre. turvn.n?,ou,-,c.
Surveving, (Jummere
Intellectual and Mural S ienre. Mental Phil-
Phy Upham. Moral Science, W ayland. ,
,,cal Economy. Wayland.
oso
Political Economy. Wayland.
Latin. Lessons, Andrews. Grammar.Bul- j then a burning heat, as though yourveins ,
lions. Reader, Dullions. Cxsar, liullmns. ! ran fjrc anJ your flesh were baked in an
Virgil, Cooper. Sallust, Bullions. Cicero's j ovcn renicj;os now are the immedi-1
Orations, Anthon. Lexicon, Andrews. atc attendance of an ciperienccd physician, '
Greek. Lessons.Goodrich. (.rammar, Bui- r t
, ... . ,,,,,, : mustard baths, a mild cathartic, then go
lions. Reader.Bullions. Homer sIliad.Anthon. i t
Xenophon's Anabasis.Owen. Herodotusjohn-' to bed and keep your nerves quiet ; a fa- j
son. Lexicon, Pickering or Liddcll and Scott. ' vorablc change under fair circumstances!
Antiquities Greek and Roman, Eschenberg's ' WJU speedily follow, and you will escape. '
Manual. (Anthon's Classical Dictionary will jut ,j0 "lu.iJiou3 are the advances of the
be used as a book of reference throughout the , foe tli.it f(,w caQ i,eiievo that this is in-.
whole Classical course ) I deed Yellow Jack, whose coming they so
Frcnrh. Grammar, Fasqut lie. Reader, De ' . J
Fivas'Telemaque. Dictionary. Surenne. ; Jread. Most people are induced to call
Herman. Grammar. Wo Ihurg. also lb-yse. I the first attack merely a slight touch of
Reader, Adler. Faust ,G,mhr. Lexicon, Adler. intermittent fever, and no physician is
By order of the Board of Trustees: gcnt for all will go right, they imagine, j
S1MO.N Woi.FE, sec'y j witLout his aid ; but alas, Lis grip is there
r?The Editors of Union, Snyder, and the anJ he ttill not relinquish it; quickly fol
adjoining counties, are respectfully requested ; fc Uirolbing tcniple the lightened
to give the above an insertion. By so doing, . , , i i i
they will confer a great favor on tl.e Seminary. tue increased beat and pain through j
- i your whole system ; then the wildly roll-
tftjI'leate read ami circulate l'oqHchu : jg eyL.Sj tDC fa)fron hue, the deepening!
in irulde of today' t Paper. ! sallow tint overspreading the whole frame '
Our first Year on the Advance plan is J
up in four weeks (No. 01 1 ) Jan. 1, lsOO. j
-Twill m all ti- earne in lum-ln-d yirs :
What a tell-wonl to i-cnjurf up niiil and trarw!
O tnw oil I mu.-f, "mi l tin; tli'iii-litles ami pay,
', Hie uiurT. i-'us truih that th.- wur-I ronTfj-l
Ami cs it N- fl? M't-t tlif i.iliimt sn-1 free
Have tlu-ir t. uur' f lilt u Uii.- fn.il th cni-f
An- thvtroj.hi.-s thfj'vt rr;tn J mid tl.riori-thryTewon
Only ra-tl' "I frot-ork. rmifrfittiiu tin- nun ?
And mu-t all tiit- as jovnus and hnlliaut to view
A- a niiJ.-uuimcr's drc:itit. 1m a iM-rUlim;:, too?
Tli'-n havi ity, yv proud now! t r-uU-, ye trreatl
O rvminU-r hw inm-y hott ftut'tb your Mute;
For ih- ru-t that iou.iiii!'tli th fword f the brave
In Mtuiz the cliai n of tli luaunclM tdavr;
', And the i-oj iinTiir' l'r..wiia mi 1 hi- vx-iiu'd tears
Will be all the ryuue in a hundred jeans!
! Twill be alt th Ninn in a hunJn-1 year"!
What a srwll-word to conjure U r-uiilea and tears!
' Mow dark are your forluut-s, ' wns of the soil
Whitf h-ir -loom is snrmw, whose Mrth-riht is toil!
Yet elivy not those who have glory and sold
liy the sweat of llic poor u nd the Mood of the bold.
For "li.-" couiinjc. iJiowt-Vr th. y may flauut in their prido)
The day when th- y'll mould-T to dtrrt by Jur side.
IVatU uuilrth the children of toil and of cloth,
And the d.-ummu ration nno upon both;
For tiuie, an he jeed on li if viwle.t wuijrP,
I 'im' name In and withrts all earthly thin-;
And the kni-bt'i white lume, and the nheberd crook,
And the uiui.-iri l'. I ie, and the ?eho!arV btHk,
And th enijTur" cruf and his O'Ufai-k's si-ear.",
W ill be dust alike in a huudn-d yearn I
'Twill be all the hhii" in a bnn Ired years:
O uioft magical f..unt;iin of Iui?' and ti-ars!
T-. think that our hi.-trs, like the flowers of June,
W hu h we love mi mueb. should In1 h't so noon"
Then what uieaueth the cbae alter l hautom jt-iy(t,
Or the tireakllijr at bu'ti tn hearts like toy t
Or the veteran's jiride in hii crafty nrhenies,
t.r the iafi'u ol youth f"r bin drlin dreamt?
,r n,e aiming at end that we never cm tiu,
or the d. adiy aver.-ion vt man f -r man I
-t avaih-tb it
0r llie iOVt.r1 7,.d ,,,r i-uiat.hie.-s .me,
The eurbantiu ni iid with the starry eyt.-s !
Mr th- f r .-li coniiift- h i f ar-S
If 'li? all the Siiuie in a hundred year!
Ati " 'tis S'jT the same in a bun In d year?,
Ih.w eli ar "OeTtT Uie -ae ai'itirs.
F t kn- w ye m.t, that ln oud th- rare.
F.r, far U'votid where the cellars wave
on the Syrian mountain, or where the stars
..me jrlito rin 1'rth hi lh-:r ohh-n car-',
Then- Li-Liu th a land "t" in-nni! hlUi,
W h.-re we t nut t- think -f the t-ar- in thi ?
And th.- pi-'-im n ae!n:i that radiant Lore,
Hat the th.'Hjht of h-a!h iii hi- In-art no ui re,
Hut layeth hia tni and nan la;? down
For the v ict- r'- ( al:u and tin- uMnareh' 'Town.
Atid the n.'.ih. r ni'-. t-, in that triifpiil Scheie,
The dr-liii!iul ctiild U- had wt-jd f r here;
Aud the warrior'- f w-rd that iroiecti the riht,
In b-j. w.-l:e. wi;ti .tarn .( uilyin light;
And we iiali tf the -a tin itiitii-Ttal cuj.,
W hiltt the orphan nniii . ud the fUe IK.k up!
So In lad. my h.-arl, and f.Tift-t thy team,
F r U. N 'T th- .-nj- iu a hundre-1 i ai !
Scenes of tha Yello v Fever Scourge.
The fiiUi'iviic ili'tnpuon ami incidenls of
thi neuli'iic'.are iVi'in a speech itelivereil bv
It has been my lot in the course of
yearj of a professional career, to live much
in those cities of the jJaguo, and it uny
not bo uninteresting to Jireseut a few de
tails respecting the character ami course
of the scour-e as I Lave personally ga
thered theni.
During the prevalence of that frightful
epidemic the yellow fever the weather
t J
usually is beautiful, the nights especially
are of unrivalled loveliness, and the hea-
VCI1S i Uj, wit, a;i their Starry splendor.
pUre tticr gffmmcJ with its constclla-
tious aud ribl.ed with the bright channels
of the milky way, invites the incautious
or inexperienced habitaut of the region
where the epidemic lurks, t its contem
plation aud cuj lymcnt. The cool air in
vitingly fans the fevered check and tempts
the inmate of the close room win re he
has been shut up all day from the rays of
the sun, to go abroad and breathe in deep
beauties of such a night, aod it is strange
that such allurement, such loveliness,
should lead the patient forth ODly to mako
his s'.ep more certain to the grave. These
uiirht-winds so mild, so perfumed are
t,ut tiic ucavy Dream oi me iouiu, uuu iuc
' succn 0f tue starlight but the glaze of
: jea,j,
. gtijj tjjC f0Ver, if taken in Land at once
! u it3 first aUack) maJ b(J casi,y c..,..
nnf(Wtunatc, ;t thr(,ws iu
'. . ... , f, .
victim offh.s guard. Generally at its
approach, you enjoy an unwonted hilarity
! aud elasticity of spirits a lightness aud
j a bouyaucy so delicious that yoa feel as
tu0Ug(, jOU C0UJ 60ar on eagle's wings.
' , . , i . e .1. .. a . l. I
tu f.dl,.-,- in O.n nrtt. staw. a s ,- ,t
tremor of the nerves, a sh.vcr over the
whole frame, then a pam in the back and
then comes a lull, the fever abates, a
delicious calm ensues and the patient fccls
rftaus at
quite well, i'crhaps he sits down at bis
desk and writes a short note to somo dear
friend, thanking God that he is saved, that
all is over ! He rises from his chair, Lis
Lead reels, ouc terrible jet from Lis lips,
Le endeavors to reach his bed staggers
falls all is indeed over he is dead !
Two years ago, during the prevalence
of the yellow fever in New Orleans, a dis
tinguished vocalist, a man of herculean
frame, was attacked, and after the regular
course of the symptoms I havo detailed,
suddenly rose from his sick bed imagining
that he was already convalescent, and step
ping across the apartment, sang with in
teusc pathos and power the address of
Kdgardo in the graveyard to the mistress
of Lis heart; as the last notes rang thro'
the room, Lc fell to the floor a corpse.
The same year, and in the same city,
while desolation hung over every Louie, n j
gay party of ladies and gentlemen do'' r- j
niiued if possible to shake off the spell and ;
drivo away the gloom of death by the
charms of social enjoyment. As the car- J
riages that bore them swiftly over the j
Shell Koad to the Lako rattled along, I
naught was heard but the merry song and ;
jocund laugh, and the hospitable inn once ;
reached thero was a luxurious supper pro
vided, and pleasure ruled the hour. Fore
most among the happy guests was a radi
ant bride, in Lcr first year ; she was a
New-Yorker, and dazzlingly, superbly
benutiful, while the brightness of her
lovely eyes was rivaled only by the brilli
ance of her wit. Sprightly, accomplished :
lovely as she was, there could be no gloom, 1
no sadness in her presence; her very com-;
ing made "a sunshine in the shady place." j
S i pa s d the pleasant evening ; midnight j
came aud the company betook themselves !
again to their carriages and started for
home ; aud as they passed along the road
on their return iu that charming night,
there cn the ri"ht of them, waved the '
dark cypress boughs of the cemetery, with ;
groups of gloomy figures gathered inside
aud at the entrance waiting for the dead,
and the ribald jest and oath of the grave
diggers, profaning the sanctity of the scene
as they plied their work, relatives and
frieuds waiting 'till the trench hhould be
hollowed out for those they had brought
there to bury. At last, they reached the
city aud saw the town illuminated as if
for some great festival, the red glare blaz
ing from every wiudow and lighting up
tl.e sky. Any stranger coming in would
have thought that some high jubilee was
being held there, s me rejoicing for a na
tional triumph, but the lights were only
those that beamed frum the winduws of
the sick chambers. Next morning the
husband, who had been absent from the
city on some brief call of business, return
ed, and hurrying to his home was surpri
sed to find it hushed and gloomy. Meet
ing a rcrvant as he was hastening up
stairs, he asked, "Where is your mistress."
'She is ill of the fever, Sir." In a mo
ment he was in her room where she lay
stricken by the pestilence on her bed.
The Doctor, who stood by, answered Lis
first frantic look aud exclamation with
such words as these : "hate Lours, Sir !
Kieli suppers and gay company a quite
sufficient preparation fjr the yellow fever,
Sir I" "Aud how, how has this been?"
was the agotiized aud even angry rejoin
der of the husband. Hut as he spoke he
turned toward his wife. There she lay,
her eyes glittering with delirum. Her
once fresh lips sealed and parched, her
cheeks that glowed lifie roses but last
night, sunken and sallow, and her whole
frame writhing in the tortures of the fear
ful malady. Well, iu what anguish may
be imagined, he watched beside her all
that fearful morning. Afteruoon cani9
and her fever Lad abated ; she was better:
with rapturs he thought she was saved ;
restored to cheerfulness he left Lis house
for a few moments aud went to a friend,
to whom he was relating what a terrible
fright he had undergone and the happi
ness he now felt at his wife's dcliverence.
While Le stood there speaking, a little
boy came running up and said "Are you
not Mr. V "Yes, that is my name."
"Well, please Sir, your wife's dead." j
He fell senseless to the pavement, Lut '
was lifted up and after due attendance '
which restored Lim to consciousness, was
conveyed by his friend to the house of the
deceased. There lay the last remains of j
Lis young bride. A coffin was procured
aud the body placed within. Ere night !
came on Le and Lis friend accompanied
that coffin over the same road, and to the :
same Cypress Grove which she had pass- i
cd in joyousness and beauty, the night
before. At the entrance of the Cemetery,
a gentleman asked, "Who is there ?" The ;
name of the dead lady was pronounced, i
"What," Le exclaimed, with a great oath, !
"the same who rode along with us but
tweuty-four hours ago !" Yes, it was she,
atd tho person who spoke was one of the ;
same company. That was her escort and
her burial service.
No scenes can so devclope the character
of man as those which are witnessed dur
ing the ravages of the pestilence; it briugs
out all the levity, sensuality, coarseness,
and brutality of his nature. It brings out
all the selfishness of Lis character. Tho
roisbnrg Union Conniij,
conventional restraints of common life are j
riven as the earthquake riTcs and suudcrs
iron bolts. Then the sole principle is
every man for himself, God for us all, and !
the Devil take the hindmost. l!ut, thank
God, it has been reserved for our own cho- 1
sen land, for onr civilization and our hu
niauity uuder the Divine auspices of our
holy religion to bring out also the good
that is in man, aud to show the rich and 1
poor, working, helping, and ministering
side by side on the streets and in the hov- j
els where disease and poverty utruggle to- 1
gether. Need I here allude to that pro
fession which claims such undivided horn
age from us all the medical profession. 1
Great applause. Aye, there arc other
heroes than those of the Crimea, other
fame untarnished by tears, and laurels not
dipped in blood ; there Lave been noble
heroes, there, in our smitten cities of the
South, whose gallant deeds, whoso glori
ous achievements overwhelm and darken
all the tinsel of the battle-field. In the
twen y-six members of the medical profes
sion who have fallen niartys to the pesti
lence in Norfolk and l'ortsmouth, sacrifi
cing themselves for the eternal love of
man, we have names of which our country
should be proud which she should em
blazon in bright letters on the loftiest
monuments sho rears to self-sacrifice and
worth.
The London Tost Office.
An interesting description of the Lon-
don Post Office is given iu a recent number
of Putnam's Magazine. The exterior
presents nothing but a plain, substantial
stone building, about 130 feet by 400.
Put a busier spot within may not be found
in the civilized wotld. There are employed
in the city no less than 1,385 letter-carriers,
for the accommodation of many of .
whom are provided rooms in tho Post Ollicc
buildiug, where they sort and arrange i
their letters. There arc seven hundred
and thirty-nine clerks, stampers, sorters,
and sub-sorters, engaged in the reception,
delivery, and despatch of the mails, which
are so arranged that all letters leave Lon
don, no matter in what direction, at the
same hours niuc in the morning and niuc
in the evening. Men on foot, on horse
back and in carts, are constantly engaged
during the day in collecting letters from
the various sub-offices ; and to induce pub
lishers of newspapers to get their papers
ready early in the day, mail carts are sent
to their houses at certain hours to transport
their papers to the central office. Kaeh
letter goes through from ten to fourteen
processes, and the wonder is how 500 men
can handle 200,000 with so little coufusion
and so few mistakes. A spectator is as
tonished at the rapidity with which the
letters are made to pass under the stamp.
An active stamper will stamp and count
from seven to eight thousand an hour.
The process of sorting is carried on at
large tables, which are divided into apart
ments labelled " Great Western," " Eas
tern Counties," " South Eastern," " Irish,"
"Scotch,' "Foreign," "P.liud," &c.
Those marked " Blind," arc carried to a
person called the " liliud Man," who has
more skill in deciphering bail writing than
a Philadelphia lawyer. He will take a
letter directed thus: " Srom Prcdevi,"
and read at once "Sir Humphrey Davy;"
a letter superscribed " Jousmcet nc Wea
sul pin Tin," he sees immediately belongs
to "John Smith, Newcastle-upon-Tyne."
In short, he is such an adept at this busi
ness, that it is almost impossible to write
or spell so as to Lc unintelligible to Lim.
The mail bags are made of sheep skin,
soft and pliable. They arc sealed up with
wax upon the twine that is tied arouud
the top. This is thought to be safer than
lockitig, although bags that have to go a
r-rcat distance are secured with locks.
Tho average weight of the evening mail
from London is about fourteen tons. The j
number of newspapers from the ofnee ,
yearly is estimated at 53,000,000. The '
averago number of letters sent daily is ;
207,521. The average number received
is 283,225.
TtiE Eventful NiniiT.s op Attiusvr 20m
ami 2 1st, 1S51 : ami Low Judge Ed
monds was hncusscd; or fallibility of
" Spiritualism" exposed. Uy F. C.
Ewer.
This pamphlet from the office of the
Knulcrlmcker, New York, contains a fic
tion which Mr. Ewer wrote for the Califor
nia Pioneer, ind upon a copy being sent to
Judge Edmonds he took tho story for a ,
fact, and afterwards wrote to Mr. Ewer
that he Lad spiritual communication with 1
John F. Lane, the hero of the story. Mr. I
E was thereupon compelled to explain that ;
if the Judge had found John F. Line, it I
was more than Mr. E. Lad done, for the
whole thing was a fiction, and it Lad de
ceived none but those who wished to be
deceived. The book is an instructive
chapter on mental philosophy for 25 ceuts.
Amusing When the political editor
says that the remarks of some adversary
"are amusing," be sure that he feels about
as much "amused" as a boy stung with
nettles. If falsehood, calumnies, vituper
ative language and double-dealing "amuse"
we know of some political Lacks who must
bo the merriest people alive.
prnnstjluania.
"An III Wind" ic. A little bad
luck is beneficial now and then. If Pa-
trick Henry had not failed in the grocery
Kninoca if i.i not nil rirohnhle that he I
would ever have been heard of as an ora- late number of the Washington Vnum, that obtam gel tubers, small one, or
tor. He might Lave become celebrated, several packages of native corn had been Port,OM of hrE PIantci1 ,a txi&9 k
but it would not Lave been from Lis elo-' received by tLe Commissioner of Patents fr,om tt'n.to twelve inches apart ; and the
quenec, but the great wealth he acquired from a gentleman in Virginia. He stated ! P,ants f,n8 'loef ,0 frcc ,n u
by a speculation in bar soap and axe han-; in a note accompanying the corn, that he tumD th tubcrs th,us tta,n mve"K0
dies. Rodger Sherman became a Signer had for twenty rart Uen my f.e lest wt,"ht ono poand and upwards This
of the Declaration of Independence for no ' vt,l, and the best from it in turn, until be ! ,he Plan "Jj1 " PQrsae1 tba
other reason than that Le could not make '
j
a living at shoemaking. lie cut bristles,
and staked his "all" on the "rights of ;
man." The consequence was, that the ;
same individual who found it bootless to
make shoes, in a lew years oceanic a iiv-
injr power iu onr revolution.
TI W. FAIiM :
Tlic f;arl-n The Orchard.
The Utmost Capacity of an Acre.
How seldom, save for the purpose of se-
curing a premium, is the utmost capacity
of an acre, as to its productiveness, put to
the test ! The prevailing ambition with
tho majority of farmers, is to go over as
much ground as possible, or to put in,
every year, acres of wheat, corn,
...a. I nUn vliinfM t , tliAtt rACkti Vi I TJ
Mils. ttU'. UlllUI I Li 1 1J 11 ' M im y'sxuw j
" ' . . . . , J
CUU. 1 1113 prcvaillLig huiuiuuu a ii km fjau-
tice is kept up, not on the grounJ of any
rational theory or any practical dutnonstra-
r. .. l.a, nkn:..l in. cirtxa
lion oi n.5 superiority , uui Illdul) lu
of the common custom, in agricultural as
oi iul vouim m , c
in other matters, of doing as other people
. . .
do. So far as it cla,ms any just.fieation or
support whatever, that claim rests, in the
last result, iu the position that it is easier
mm n.ui , ,
or more profit e to tkitn over a pood
ur 1 1 ' ,. , fc.
man v acres, than to cu tivate a few in a
'"" ' " , . ...
superior manner. Thts we think, will
turn out, when examined and reflected on,
not a fact or a truth, but a baseless or false
" ' , ' .... .
iissimwtion. A few statistical facts will
' , .
help to determine this question.
'
According to the Statistical lew of the
,. ,
United States, or Compendium of the
, v
Seventh Census, for ISoO, the average
, , ' , , ', , ,
product of wheat throughout the whole of
1 , . ,tii
the States docs not exceed twelve bushels
,
per acre. Twelve bushels per acre is, ae-
r ,. , ,
cording to the same authority, the average
... .... r
of the wheat crop of the States of New
. , , . , . i
York and Ohio. These estimated avera-
, , , , , . ,
. 1..11.. ..... . ...a (.tli.il
Bos are iruuiuiv ia.ue unun . . v. .n.i mi vav.mi.w w. wh,-wu.
.;. . .... .
products of the several States than other- : plant, or rather tuber, is doubtless a Di
wise ; but the true average of either of the 1 oscorea, or yam ; and yams in general art
States specified did not probably exceed tropical productions. The various species
fifteen bushels per acre. Notwithstanding, D. alata, sativa, and aculeata yield tu
then, that in the best wheat districts, and bcr., which in warm countries are substi-
l..r Ttrf,.riilf ii-'itinn nrerrifrps linvft been luleil fur lh rintnln nml thA nrder ia Bp-
obtained of over twenty-five bushels, aud
iudividual crops of forty bushels or even
more, still the evidence of the statistical
returns is sufficient to prove that the ave-
we or ordinary product of wheat in these
, , i r t. ii
States, ichcre tl : vi'xfe of culture lias been
, ,. . i, , , . ,
miit f,r.,tnirii nr itrerrt'ic at least not at
J ' o-
j - j j
all extra is only at most about fil'tecu
bushels per acre.
Now, at what may the cost of the ordi-
nary mode of puttiug in
threshing, and marketing a crop of wheat
be estimated ? After several estimates in
different years, and after compariug a
number of estimates by others, both pub
lished aud unpublished, we have arrived
at the conclusion that the cost of ra.s.ng
a crop of wheat may be estimated at ten
dollars (10) per acre. Iu the estimates
by which the above average has been ar
rived at, the straw has usually been taken
as a set-off against the interest ou the value
of the land.
According to these estimates, the cost
of raising and getting all ready for market
a bushel of wheat, may be averaged at 7d
cents. This is a confirmation of those
.....t. TL-ilKmif. nnv fie.-llr:if-v l.f
,u"8 6-" ' '
calculation, which place the expense of
raising any ordi
ceuts per bushel.
: :-. - - t: -!.. r.. .1 7".
Now, iu order to determine whether tho
ordinary mo le of cultivation, or that in
which extra pains are taken, and by which
every acre is urged forward to its utmost
capacity, proves tho must pmfihihlr, all
that is necessary is to take any number of
cortitieil snecilieations as rrcseuted to
County or State Societies which Lave of-
fered premiums for the best crops, aud
comnare them with the foregoing averages. ! far better than potatoes all the winter,
Let the cost of cultivating au acre be divi- covered with strav and a coating of earth,
ded by the number of bushels raised ou never loosing weight or developing ex
each acre, and the result will show the haustive shoots); aud in spriug, being laid
expense of raising each bushel, which will out horizontally in beds of prepared mould
always be found Ass than the average by ; they speedily germinate, and send forth
ordinary cultivation. The difference be- j long trailing stems, like those of the kid
tween expense aul the market value, of ney bean. In six weeks' timo tho stem
course is profit, aud the amount per bushel
beiii-' multiplied by the numtcr of bushels,
and that amount by the number of acres
which eaeh reader usually puts into wheat
each year, will give him I he amount of
profit which he would make each year by
urging each acre to its utmost capacity of or iu dry weather is watered until it grows; i hardihood, which lifter cu ibhs if, as tLd
production. ; and in fifteen or tweiity dajs it produces j experience .f the to past winters show.
Or, let Lim take any price as an aver-. tubers, throwing out at the same time long j t sus'aiu in open field culture i of Fah
age, say SI, aud all the value of the crop lrajiing stems, which are, however cure- ri nheit, and probably a still ui to iiitcuso
at this rate, over the expense of cuitiva- fu;iv j,rCveuted from taking root, and pro- degree uf cold. Dcing of a perennial cha
tion, will be net pmfit. While at this ducing a second set of tubcrs, to the pre-j racier, the most profitable cmrso would
price only 55 per acre could be obtained ju,ljce 0f the main crop. Sometimes the ' s.-. ni to be, to grow crops f two years, as
by ordinary cultivation, several premium su00a are pimply pegged down, without j there is by this mode a much greater yield
croj s may be found on record whica gave ,
a net profit of $35 and upwards, over all
1 1 . . L. LA . W I 1.
expenses. it I'.u me otico auuic v"i lue
, ', r i - . ,. i .
difference in favor ot high culture would ;
be still greater.
TWELFTH YEAR.....
$1.50 feu Year,
Praiseworthy Perseverance.
One of the most interesting items which
has for a long time met our eyes, was a
-itioiient. in tlm "Department Xewa" of a
had devolor,ed a oram n.atinr. a fine white
r o o
meal and a most excellent bread,
There is something in this twenty years
0f patience, until an important result has
tjet.n accomplished,which is worthy of spe-
Ctal commendation. AU around in the
world are grains and seeds poor, dwind
ling, trifling matters which await gradual
plucking out and cultivation, to become a
matter of first-class importance to mankind.
Almost every fruit and vegetable, in its
. !
wild state, is a miserable plant, affording
scarcely an indication of food. It is much
to be desired that the example of this
, irgin.an could be extensively fol owed.
Experiments now being made in Berlin
have demonstrated that vegetables, by a
peculiar system of cultivation, are capable
,.f In aa.1 t Vila initpnuca ami imnrnvftmntif in
ui lULituiuiv mtii,HC tu-a iiuuivivuivui
. ,
1 oiAv; auu uaut. n. jw,it.
Celebrated New Chinese Potato.
i This vw.ar tirttotA waa BOViirol Varfl sinrA
: r J -
transmitted, along with other useful and , ., ... , - .
i o nearly throughout the year, which is not
promising agricultural plants, by M. de . .
' .. Z n i i' . the case with the common or sweet potato,
Montigny, who Consul for Irance at ; F
the I ort of Shanghai Northern China. .
The name which he bestowed upon it was . ,
. rea richer in nutrition than, and superior
that of Dioscorea japonica; but it has . . . .
, i it i r r e 10 quahty to the potato; its roots are
been considered by Professor Decaisne, of ' r
,,.- r e .t k . white as snow, Laving no visible fihro or
the , ar.sian Museum of tfca turd , -
11 .story (JW.. ,;.a,ito), and acknow- t
le lged by I rofessor Lindley and others, .
. ... , . . it . i v tatocs. This is not theyr whole culinary
that Diocorea batatas would not only be . '
, , - ... . . advantage, either; for two pieces of tubers,
' a more popular and familiar, but a more ' , . I , , '
.i . ui i the size of a heu s egg, of Dioscarea and
appropriate name, seeing that although , . ?c' ....
, , - - v t ' Batate blanche, bemg put into boilin
the plant may in its origin be Japanese,. . '
i . o . f water simultaneously with a Dutch potato
of its cultivation in that dark interior we , . .. . ' ....
, ,- n .u- ii .1. i of similar size, were "done ' in ten miaa-
know literally nothing ; While its culture ; '
- i t . nu- . j- ! tea, whilst the Dutchman took twenty,
in the northern parts of China, and in i ' .
. . , . ., . , . . . . I 1 ne strongest poit, perhaps, m favor
latitudes assimilated to our own in point i ,- -
, i- . i r . ., , . lof the new candidate for cultivation a
of climate, being a fact quite accessible in i , ,
ii j . -i v. v. v , the fact it will prow best on sandy downs
all its details, ought not to be submerged b
! , . , . . . .. 'usually considered barren, and may bo
under the name that associates it with the , ....
, . . ., . j - ti. regarded as a messenger sent by Provi-
mnrrr n.nlntirn l.mlnrff Ctf -lartflll lhA D O J
I '
cused of combining with the farinaceous
matter existing in its tubers a prevalent
acridity, which is sometimes even purga-
i live. Still a few genera are found in
' temperate climates. Our black bryony,
r V i. t- i. t. i ,i
of the English hedge-rows (Tamus com-
.i . . ...
munis) i nnr f l in.rh. tn h Biirp. it is
" ' ' -' J -- - o 1
no great bargain ; for though its fruit b
rej anj succulent, its root is very acrid.
y . . . h; The Solanum
tuberosum, our cultivated potato itself, is,
it is well known, quite a poisonous plant
in a state of nature. Culture may readily
ameliorate all this acridity ; and if we can
credit all that has been stated in favor of
tlm. new imnortation. has far more than
u h hoJa
in (be x r(h of CL;naj fa
. , nutr!tive rrn-
perties, as the potato in this ceuntry. Mr.
Henderson, a Devonshire horticulturist,
by whom it is introduced amongst us, de -
signates it, in fact, a potato, just because
with us ordinary yams cannot be grown
except by mc ms of stoves.
M. de Montiinv has stated that the
e Chinese, at taking up the crop, set aside
.11 .1... 17.. ...1 T.
Ull II1U SlliailCI IWL3 filUU. II
13
well known that this is a practice
now preferred by our market gardeners to
cutting large potatoes in sets, simply be-
cause they like a juicy set, and find the
immature tuber most favorable to their
purpose. This is, so far, fortunate in the
case of the new potato, admitting, as we
shall presently learn, of its rapid and un-
limited propasation: for the Chinese place
these tubers first in pits or trenches for
preservation (and they aro said to keep
attain six feet in length, and aro planted
out afresh, and layered that is, the plant
is laid lengthwise along a slight furrow,
on tho top of a ridge, and all except its
leaves covt-n-d over with cnrtli. limine-
diatcly after rain, it begins lo take r....t.
removal of the platit, over the sides of the j
;j on wh;ch it t iutorvl!i of
O tJ
i . i . . i ..:l
six or eight inches, and there striking
root, throw out lubcra. Lv thu means
WHOLE NUMBER, C07.
always ix Advance.
it is gtaUd that immense quantities of
roots, of the size of our early kidney pota
toes of the garden frame, aro raised on
comparatively small pieces of land. To)
""" '"c U'J P' '"
rope where the new plant has hitherto)
been cultivated. And in the report of M.
Pepin on the subject, it is conceived that
a few years must yet elapse ere we shall
know to what extent the roots left in tho
ground will acquire weight and bulk, and
how long they may remain in the sodl
without detcrioation of their quality ; for
it is one of their peculiarities that like tha
rnAra tt tTiA T..riiai lam f tnliiVa l
.,, ... , ' J
remain in the ground several years,
. . . . , ...
; of detcriorati ,nd r iri 5a
no cuItivati
,
rf A
rf .q y
h e Jt
'
j .
i neither hard nor woody. A root wm
also preserved in a cellar from Oct., 1852,
to 30th May, 1853, without any develope
ment of shoots, unchanged, without losd
' f wp:i,. m;,r),, i, w tllr. .
. .
dencfi tn reclaim nur most PTlpnsivi wnqtpc
in advance of the onward strides of popu
lation. It is, indeed, pointed out by ita
partisans as a probable means of convert
ing waste land to a useful purpose as well
as profit. Neither does it require strong;
.1 I . c 1-1
"r "T. express,, loroiu-
j dcn 'B 1,3 culture ; but piU filled witla
j earl.h and manure' anJ "eatmenB
j S,Ullar t0 ,that bcstowe'1 P0Q PS.
j E St'0CS' "" the means
of produciug the most abundant crop, tha
. ,, . ,
question of the expense of manual labor
1 1
being asserted to be of little consequence,
comparied with the remunerative results.
Mark Lane L'spreis.
The fallowing description and details
in regard t3 this most important vegetable
j acquisition, are copied from a publication
. recently issued at Paris,
The flesh is white, very mealy, and
enual in quality to the potato. The sterna
f ,Lc phnt artf tminiugt and grow , tfje
tcight of 4 ta C feot ,he ,cafM hoar.
' Lap.d, the flwers very small, diocious.
' a yellowish color, aud produced from
tu0 x'k f e leaves. If planted in
! April, tho Dioseorea will by the ensuing
' October produce tubers 15 to 2" inchc
'0Dc slightly sailling at the eu is, being;
J t,u5 fjrmi aDll weighing fr .m 10 to 14
ounces eaeh. Of ail tho plants which
Lave been fr . .-el as substitutes for th
fl... 1 1...,..,,. I,.!.- ....I.. !.:..!.
.... .- v.w .j iui. vu.. .uilii
presents claims sufficiently strong to sus-
tain the competiton, for if the Diojcorea
car enter mto a successful competition
. w''h the Potato for the quility of its tu-
( bers, it can most assuredly dj so by th
j quantify of its crops. The plants whea
j placed at a distance of 12 inches by ,
"'"t according to the authority of Pr.f.
. Decaisne and M. Paillet, -ield about 2l'.
cwt, (per acre, we suppose,) or UJ tons
when growing from April to October, or
48 tons if allowed to remain two seasons
in the ground, that is, to occupy the
ground from April of one year till October
of the subsequent oue. la the latter case,
the roots attain a much larger size, and
are often of two pouti is weight.
Although we can scarcely reuiizo th:.t
sa great a product may bu obtained, no
nevertheless think that this plant deserve
j in every respect to Le fully tested, and th.i
other circumstances that would rccou.
mend the Dioseorea Kitatas to the seriuu.-t
attention of every cultivator, are the faci
litv of its culture, and its extraordinary
from the increase of size of the tubers.
TIim plant is growing in various places
in the United States. We shall soon have
reports respecting it tcie. lljrtiautiiriit.